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as it corrupts one's soul. So, Katz states, according to Plato a moral person has peace and happiness, and would not use a Ring of Power. Katz writes that
Tolkien's story "demonstrate various responses to the question posed by Plato: would a just person be corrupted by the possibility of almost unlimited power?" The question is answered in different ways: Gollum is weak, corrupted, and finally destroyed; Boromir begins virtuous but like Plato's Gyges is corrupted "by the temptation of power" from the Ring, even if he wants to use it for good, but redeems himself by defending the hobbits to his own death; the "strong and virtuous" Galadriel, who sees clearly what she would become if she accepted the ring, and rejects it; the immortal
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Instead, he argues, that is brought about by "countless acts of courage, kindness and help, both small and great, from unknown people and forces, in unforeseen circumstances, that together provide an opportunity to do the right thing." That in turn is accompanied by "a commitment to the simple good things of life – food, water, green and growing things", making "an appreciation of life itself, at once natural and spiritual" the value that succeeds. Curry sees this as offering hope in the real world, and the principal message of
Tolkien's writings. Curry cites the moment when Sam is saved from the Ring's temptation:
133:
1993:
716:, examining the question of whether the work is an allegory despite Tolkien's statement to the contrary, writes that Gollum serves as "a cautionary warning as to what obsession with the Ring and addiction to power can do to someone. In deprivation, he craves his 'precious' talisman of power, although he knows its destructive force. The film presents a parable of addiction, as Gollum is torn apart by his need for the destructive substance".
328:, exempt from the Ring's corrupting power and from its gift of invisibility; Sam who in a moment of need faithfully uses the ring, but is not seduced by its vision of "Samwise the Strong, Hero of the Age"; and finally Frodo who is gradually corrupted, but is saved by his earlier mercy to Gollum, and Gollum's desperation for the Ring. Katz concludes that Tolkien's answer to Plato's "Why be moral?" is "to be yourself".
418:, something wholly modern. He sees a modern echo, too, in Boromir's response to the Ring, with "all the signals which the twentieth century has learned to distrust", including fascination with power even if it is the Enemy's; his speech praising "the fearless" and then "the ruthless" as the way to victory; the portrayal of himself as a leader with "power of Command"; and eventually "the naked appeal to force".
665:. He writes that this sums up Gandalf's whole argument, as in the early stages, as with Bilbo and Sam, the addiction can be shaken off easily enough, while for those who are not yet addicted, as with Aragorn and indeed others like Galadriel and Faramir, its pull is like any other temptation. What Gandalf could not do to Frodo, Shippey writes, is make him
656:. Shippey notes that, despite Manlove, Tolkien is fair in showing a regular pattern of "creeping corruption": Bilbo becomes angry when Gandalf tries to coax him to give up the Ring, and is seen as "a little wrinkled creature with a hungry face and bony groping hands" when he asks Frodo to let him look at the Ring just one more time;
427:, analyse the corrupting effect of power. They pay particular attention to the Ring, but point out that the issue is wider than that, as some characters were corrupted long before the Rings were forged. They view Tolkien's scheme as having five groups of three characters, each affected differently by power.
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to hand the Ring over. And for the owner of the Ring, the destructive aspect is the urge to use it, no matter how good the intentions of the owner might be at the start. Katz writes that "it is clear that
Tolkien is demonstrating to us the progressive forces of corruption of the possession and use of
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us this corruption through the thoughts and actions of his characters"; Plato tries to counter the "cynical conclusion" that moral life is chosen by the weak; Glaucon thinks that people are only "good" because they suppose they will be caught if they are not. Plato argues that immoral life is no good
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to meet
Saruman, and offers him freedom in place of slavery to Sauron, Saruman is too thoroughly corrupted to be able to choose any longer. As for Gollum, he is "a far more pitiable creature" as the Ring has taken him from a basically amoral position to one of evil. When Frodo suggests Gollum is not
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Gollum and
Saruman differ from the other characters in submitting willingly to an evil power; the effect, according to the scholar Patricia Spacks, is of gradual destruction, even when the character starts out mainly virtuous. Saruman's case shows, she writes, that "pride and the lust for power", as
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writes that
Tolkien's narrative is not limited to "a single, all-consuming crisis: the War of the Ring dominates, but is not absolutely everything", and furthermore "Nor is the end of the Ring a purely voluntary, willed and idealistic renunciation": the addiction is not broken by a single choice.
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Katz argues that
Tolkien uses the device of the Ring and its addictive power to reveal each character's morality in turn. The extreme case is Sméagol, whose addiction to the Ring becomes more pronounced as, over 500 years, he is wholly overcome by its power. He is transformed into the monstrous
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Other critics, too, have described the Ring as addictive, with each use progressively increasing the hold the Ring has over its bearer. Bilbo, while possessing the Ring for some time, is able to give it away willingly, though with considerable difficulty. Later, when he encounters the Ring in
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Sméagol kills his friend Déagol to gain the Ring; over the centuries is "almost completely corrupted" by desire for the Ring; is made "a miserable creature, afraid of everything, friendless, homeless, constantly seeking his 'precious' Ring"; personality disintegrates,
927:'s description of the lust for power: "strength, domination, and hoarded wealth", which Elrond contrasts with another triad, "understanding, making, and healing". She explains that these "softer, gentler" things are "more powerful than any conventional weapons".
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be handed over relatively easily (Sam and Bilbo), and removing the Ring by force (Gollum to Frodo) does not, despite
Gandalf's assertion at the beginning of the story, break Frodo's mind. The Ring also appears to have little effect on characters such as Aragorn,
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to find out secrets, and he put his knowledge to crooked and malicious uses. He became sharp-eyed and keen-eared for all that was hurtful. The ring had given him power according to his stature. ... he became very unpopular and ... they called him
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uses Gollum-like words with "It is precious to me, though I buy it with great pain"; there is Gollum's corrupted state throughout the story; and there are the ominous signals from
Boromir. Shippey replies to Manlove's doubt with "one word":
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The corrupting effect of power in the book is not limited to the Ring. Sauron was already corrupted when he chose to put much of his power into the Ring to gain further control of Middle-earth. Some other characters, like
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Is offered the Ring by Frodo; admits "my heart has greatly desired to ask what you offer"; displays how powerful she might be if she used it; rejects all use of Ring, with "I pass the test... I will diminish, and go into
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creature Gollum, showing traits ranging from withdrawal and isolation to suspicion and anger towards others; his obsession with the Ring leads to his demise. Eventually he is "utterly destroyed" by the pull of the Ring.
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in their turn also reject it, fearing that it would overpower them as well. Inversely, the hobbits' good-naturedness and lack of ambition makes them less susceptible to the Ring's promises of power, as in Frodo and
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Makes limited use of the Ring; eventually sees where it would lead, imagining himself as "Samwise the Strong, Hero of the Age, striding with a flaming sword across the darkened land ... and ... the vale of
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The corrupting effect of power is, according to
Shippey, a modern theme, since in earlier times, power was considered to "reveal character", not alter it. Shippey quotes
264:, who are able to handle the Ring for extended periods of time. Hobbits are not totally immune to the Ring's effects, however, as shown by the changes it works in Frodo,
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678:, he experiences a powerful longing to hold it again. Frodo also shows features of addiction, ultimately becoming unable to relinquish the Ring of his own accord.
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The one small garden of a free gardener was all his need and due, not a garden swollen to a realm; his own hands to use, not the hands of others to command.
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he strives to get the Ring and to be powerful like Sauron, are enough to destroy him even though he never gets the Ring. When Gandalf comes to the ruins of
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consider the theme to be modern, since in earlier times, power was considered to reveal character, not to alter it, recalling the English politician
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A major theme is the corrupting influence of the Ring through the power it offers, especially to those already powerful. The Tolkien scholar
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criticises Tolkien's attitude towards power as inconsistent, with exceptions to the supposedly overwhelming influence of the Ring. The Ring
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made by each character. Sméagol kills his friend Déagol to gain the Ring, and is corrupted by it, becoming wholly miserable as the creature
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Saruman, a Wizard not a warrior, expresses the temptation to Gandalf, in the hope of persuading him, as "Knowledge, Rule, Order". The
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famously stated "Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely", an idea embodied in the addictive power of the
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became a garden of flowers and trees and brought forth fruit", but seeing he would quickly be defeated, and rejects its use
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Seduced by power of the Ring, and the idea of using it for good; sees himself as a great warrior wielding the Ring against
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the One Ring"; usage may begin innocently or accidentally, but "its seductive power" gradually wears down any resistance.
1324:'The Lord of the Rings' and the Emerging Generation: A Study of the Message and Medium. J. R. R. Tolkien and Peter Jackson
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222:"He hated it and loved it, as he hated and loved himself. He could not get rid of it. He had no will left in the matter."
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Katz, Eric (2003). "The Rings of Tolkien and Plato: Lessons in Power, Choice, and Morality". In Bassham, Gregory (ed.).
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gave invisibility and thus the ability to get away with crime. The philosopher Eric Katz, however writes that "Plato
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Shippey points out authors contemporary with Tolkien who dealt in the theme of the corrupting influence of power:
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398:(1958). In his view, this was largely a modern idea; he writes that the nearest medieval equivalent is the
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Bravely accepts quest to destroy the Ring; it comes to dominate his will; temptation proves too much
239:", and the corrupting influence it has on its bearers. Gandalf rejects the Ring for this reason when
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writes that Saruman's triad is capitalised "as though they were Powers. They sound oppressive, like
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Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely. Great men are almost always bad men
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Agnes Perkins and Helen Hill's analysis of the corrupting effect of power, especially of the Ring
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Saved by his love for Frodo, and his "still unconquered ... plain hobbit-sense"; remains himself
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In complete control in his own territory, "unwilling to go outside his self-imposed boundaries"
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Has right to rule as heir to throne; fights steadily against evil; gains power by moral right
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Rejects the Ring when Frodo offers it; rejects Saruman's proposal to wield power together
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replies "Not wholly, perhaps, but malice eats it like a canker, and the evil is growing".
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turns to evil and is wholly corrupted, lured by pride and power, but never gets the Ring.
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Virtuous—"noble, good-hearted, and brave", corrupted by power, for good of his country,
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Tempted strongly but for a short time; "he alone gives up the Ring willingly" to Frodo
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is seduced by the idea of using the Ring for good, and dies as a result. The Elf-lady
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becomes obsessed with the Ring, but never possesses it, while Sméagol kills his kin
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Resistant, but unable to overcome its power; ultimately unable to destroy the Ring
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Desires the Ring but does not get a chance to seize it; is destroyed by his own
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1401:(2006). "The Lord of the Rings as Allegory: A Multiperspectivist Reading". In
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contends bravely with the Ring but is taken over by it, whereas his companion
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The Battle for Middle-Earth: Tolkien's Divine Design in The Lord of the Rings
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notes Gandalf's statements about the power and influence of the One Ring in "
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40:, progressively corrupts the mind of its owner to use the Ring for evil.
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explains that Gollum was wholly corrupted by and addicted to the Ring:
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From Hobbits to Hollywood: Essays on Peter Jackson's Lord of the Rings
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Understanding the Lord of the Rings: The Best of Tolkien Criticism
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Perkins, Agnes; Hill, Helen (1975). "The Corruption of Power". In
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Reading The Lord of the Rings: New Writings on Tolkien's Classic
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Hollywoodjesus.com – Pop Culture From A Spiritual Point of View
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The Lord of the Rings and Philosophy: One Book to Rule Them All
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has returned the real Ring), then "by accident" in the inn at
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The Tolkien scholars Agnes Perkins and Helen Hill, writing in
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595:"Understands the danger of the Ring", chooses not to take it
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173:. He intended it to control those who wore any of the other
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414:, but its attitude to the corrupting effect of power is an
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is saved by his love for Frodo, and his simple good sense.
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Eric Katz's analysis of how addiction to the power of the
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The corrupting power of the Ring has been compared to the
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Ring and power in J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings
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offers it to him; this view of the Ring is reinforced as
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is greatly tempted, but rejects all use of the Ring. The
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Is tempted to take or accept the Ring; passes the test
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Makes limited use of the Ring at first (checking that
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talking to himself as two halves, Sméagol and Gollum
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Defending Middle-earth: Tolkien: Myth and Modernity
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319:that such corruption will occur, but Tolkien
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301:The theme of a corrupting ring dates back to
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1435:(1978) . "J. R. R. Tolkien (1892-1973) and
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459:with the intention of gaining evil control
404:man deĂľ swa he byĂľ Ăľonne he mot swa he wile
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1655:Power and Meaning in The Lord of the Rings
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920:... in the German fashion". She notes the
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1533:Continuum International Publishing Group
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2102:The Man in the Moon Stayed Up Too Late
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884:Remains himself, an immortal being
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720:Revealing each character's morality
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3995:Middle-earth Collectible Card Game
82:but uninterested in the Ring. The
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3957:Gondor: The Siege of Minas Tirith
1991:
58:on that story. Scholars such as
4065:Themes of The Lord of the Rings
3041:The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien
978:
268:and Gollum. On the other hand,
3726:The Battle for Middle-earth II
3487:Peter Jackson's interpretation
2989:The Adventures of Tom Bombadil
2142:Ancestry as guide to character
881:None, it has no power over him
762:Desire, greed; loses his soul
276:, the first Ring bearer after
1:
3921:The One Ring Roleplaying Game
1916:The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen
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836:, then when compelled by the
815:Remains herself, an immortal
776:; becomes separated from the
535:Succumbs to desire for power
4070:Power (social and political)
3810:The Lord of the Rings Online
1630:Sommer, Mark (7 July 2004).
1514:. Internet Classics Archive.
1442:Modern Fantasy: Five Studies
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157:was forged by the Dark Lord
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3712:The Battle for Middle-earth
3619:Game Two: Shadows of Mordor
3048:The History of Middle-earth
1981:Tolkien's impact on fantasy
1589:"Andy Serkis BBC interview"
1322:Bell, Anita Miller (2009).
912:priest and Tolkien scholar
136:Artist's representation of
10:
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4034:Lego The Lord of the Rings
3928:Adventures in Middle-earth
3763:Lego The Lord of the Rings
3733:The Rise of the Witch-king
3670:The Fellowship of the Ring
3407:The Fellowship of the Ring
3083:The Nature of Middle-earth
2959:List of weapons and armour
1869:The Fellowship of the Ring
1690:The Fellowship of the Ring
1447:Cambridge University Press
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502:: only interested in food
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3338:
3279:
3221:
3194:
3144:
3109:
3092:
3062:The History of The Hobbit
2971:
2924:
2898:
2811:
2802:
2772:
2707:
2507:
2462:
2453:
2370:
2295:
2127:
2009:
2000:
1989:
1909:The Scouring of the Shire
1857:
1834:
1661:; Neil D. Isaacs (eds.).
780:; repents, tries to save
599:
559:
526:
489:
446:
1695:George Allen & Unwin
891:Overcoming the addiction
512:Too old to desire power
447:Wholly corrupted already
395:The Once and Future King
32:, made by the Dark Lord
3663:Vol. II: The Two Towers
3380:The War of the Rohirrim
3181:Margrethe II of Denmark
2352:A mythology for England
1774:Yell, David M. (2007).
1100:Plato & Jowett 2009
1047:Perkins & Hill 1975
812:, and remain Galadriel"
412:medieval in its setting
171:peoples of Middle-earth
100:. The virtuous warrior
3684:The Return of the King
3423:The Return of the King
3368:The Return of the King
3268:The Battle of Evermore
2252:Psychological journeys
1895:The Shadow of the Past
1883:The Return of the King
1716:The Return of the King
1651:Spacks, Patricia Meyer
1632:"Addicted to the Ring"
1519:Roberts, Adam (2006).
961:The Shadow of the Past
906:
366:
353:
237:The Shadow of the Past
224:
212:
169:to gain dominion over
140:
23:addiction to power in
3356:The Lord of the Rings
3320:The Lord of the Rings
3300:The Lord of the Rings
3288:The Lord of the Rings
3241:The Lord of the Rings
3154:A Map of Middle-earth
3055:The Children of HĂşrin
3013:The Road Goes Ever On
2157:Death and immortality
2107:The Road Goes Ever On
2084:A Elbereth Gilthoniel
1902:The Council of Elrond
1847:The Lord of the Rings
1827:The Lord of the Rings
1722:The Lord of the Rings
1437:The Lord of the Rings
1004:The Council of Elrond
902:
744:Character's morality
688:The Lord of the Rings
585:, challenging Sauron
498:Unquestionably evil,
408:The Lord of the Rings
362:
344:
220:
201:
150:The Lord of the Rings
135:
56:The Lord of the Rings
25:The Lord of the Rings
3605:Journey to Rivendell
3312:Hordes of the Things
3076:The Fall of Gondolin
2764:Watcher in the Water
2732:Witch-king of Angmar
1929:List of translations
1449:. pp. 152–206.
895:The Tolkien scholar
639:The literary critic
635:A single explanation
3626:War in Middle Earth
3572:The Hunt for Gollum
3126:The Last Ringbearer
2412:Narrative structure
2407:Impression of depth
2024:Company of the Ring
1747:Christopher Tolkien
1559:William B. Eerdmans
1265:, pp. 164–165.
1176:, pp. 152–206.
1149:, pp. 115–117.
1137:, pp. 115–116.
1061:, pp. 112–119.
1032:, pp. 115–119.
788:, but is killed by
734:
432:
360:'s 1887 statement:
3869:War of Three Peaks
3546:The Rings of Power
3480:Hobbiton Movie Set
3444:Concerning Hobbits
3328:Der Herr der Ringe
3261:Misty Mountain Hop
3118:Bored of the Rings
2942:Phial of Galadriel
2272:Sound and language
2167:Dreams and visions
2137:Addiction to power
1669:. pp. 52–67.
1525:Eaglestone, Robert
1486:. pp. 57–68.
728:
430:
354:
227:The Ring's effects
141:
123:The Ring and power
78:is unquestionably
4047:
4046:
4043:
4042:
3970:Lord of the Rings
3892:
3891:
3883:Before the Shadow
3827:Siege of Mirkwood
3590:
3589:
3509:
3508:
3493:Picturing Tolkien
3211:Lord of the Rings
3164:Barbara Remington
3069:Beren and LĂşthien
3020:Bilbo's Last Song
2967:
2966:
2798:
2797:
2449:
2448:
2400:Pseudotranslation
2390:Editorial framing
2385:Character pairing
2232:Naming of weapons
1787:978-1-60266-768-6
1766:978-0-395-25730-2
1743:Tolkien, J. R. R.
1711:Tolkien, J. R. R.
1685:Tolkien, J. R. R.
1676:978-0-61842-253-1
1622:978-0-26110-401-3
1587:(21 March 2003).
1568:978-0-8028-2497-4
1551:Rutledge, Fleming
1542:978-0-82648-460-4
1479:A Tolkien Compass
1456:978-0-521-29386-0
1433:Manlove, Colin N.
1424:978-9-04201-682-8
1382:978-0-81269-545-8
1375:. pp. 5–20.
1359:978-0-26110-371-9
1333:978-1-10924-676-6
1002:, book 2, ch. 2 "
959:, book 1, ch. 2 "
888:
887:
632:
631:
424:A Tolkien Compass
385:Lord of the Flies
195:had found in the
4077:
3876:Fate of Gundabad
3834:Rise of Isengard
3805:
3804:
3777:Shadow of Mordor
3756:War in the North
3704:Game Boy Advance
3399:
3398:
3345:
3344:
3103:derivative works
3094:
3093:
3034:Unfinished Tales
3027:The Silmarillion
2809:
2808:
2460:
2459:
2237:Northern courage
2182:Environmentalism
2162:Decline and fall
2097:Song of Eärendil
2007:
2006:
1995:
1840:J. R. R. Tolkien
1819:
1812:
1805:
1796:
1795:
1791:
1777:The Drama of Man
1770:
1757:Houghton Mifflin
1752:The Silmarillion
1738:
1727:Houghton Mifflin
1706:
1680:
1667:Houghton Mifflin
1659:Rose A. Zimbardo
1646:
1644:
1642:
1626:
1598:
1580:
1546:
1515:
1506:Jowett, Benjamin
1497:
1468:
1428:
1407:Murray Pomerance
1399:Kellner, Douglas
1394:
1363:
1337:
1310:
1304:
1293:
1287:
1281:
1275:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1248:
1237:
1231:
1225:
1219:
1213:
1207:
1201:
1195:
1189:
1183:
1177:
1171:
1165:
1159:
1150:
1144:
1138:
1132:
1126:
1120:
1103:
1097:
1091:
1090:, pp. 52–67
1085:
1074:
1068:
1062:
1056:
1050:
1049:, pp. 57–68
1044:
1033:
1027:
1007:
997:
988:
982:
976:
970:
964:
954:
914:Fleming Rutledge
878:
750:Sméagol / Gollum
735:
727:
485:Split character
469:
433:
429:
337:"Power corrupts"
297:Tolkien vs Plato
280:, to obtain it.
161:in the fires of
147:'s fantasy work
145:J. R. R. Tolkien
128:In the narrative
4085:
4084:
4080:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4075:
4074:
4050:
4049:
4048:
4039:
4014:
3982:
3977:War of the Ring
3952:War of the Ring
3933:
3898:
3888:
3841:Riders of Rohan
3803:
3798:Return to Moria
3749:Aragorn's Quest
3691:War of the Ring
3649:Riders of Rohan
3586:
3559:
3522:Sagan om ringen
3505:
3500:Tolkien on Film
3463:
3429:
3393:
3386:
3334:
3275:
3239:Symphony No. 1
3217:
3190:
3140:
3105:
3088:
2973:
2963:
2920:
2911:Pelennor Fields
2894:
2794:
2768:
2703:
2510:
2503:
2445:
2366:
2327:First World War
2322:Classical world
2291:
2123:
1996:
1987:
1853:
1852:
1830:
1823:
1788:
1780:. Xulon Press.
1767:
1677:
1640:
1638:
1623:
1569:
1543:
1494:
1457:
1425:
1413:. Vol. 3.
1383:
1360:
1334:
1318:
1313:
1305:
1296:
1288:
1284:
1276:
1269:
1261:
1257:
1249:
1240:
1232:
1228:
1220:
1216:
1208:
1204:
1196:
1192:
1184:
1180:
1172:
1168:
1160:
1153:
1145:
1141:
1133:
1129:
1125:, pp. 5–20
1121:
1106:
1098:
1094:
1086:
1077:
1069:
1065:
1057:
1053:
1045:
1036:
1028:
1019:
1015:
1010:
998:
991:
983:
979:
971:
967:
955:
942:
938:
933:
893:
874:
722:
714:Douglas Kellner
710:Critical theory
637:
464:
380:William Golding
339:
334:
299:
229:
130:
125:
28:is central, as
19:
12:
11:
5:
4083:
4073:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4045:
4044:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4037:
4030:
4022:
4020:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4012:
4005:
3998:
3990:
3988:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3980:
3973:
3966:
3965:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3941:
3939:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3931:
3924:
3917:
3910:
3902:
3900:
3897:Tabletop role-
3894:
3893:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3886:
3879:
3872:
3865:
3858:
3851:
3844:
3837:
3830:
3823:
3820:Mines of Moria
3815:
3813:
3802:
3801:
3794:
3787:
3780:
3773:
3766:
3759:
3752:
3745:
3738:
3737:
3736:
3722:
3715:
3708:
3707:
3706:
3694:
3687:
3680:
3677:The Two Towers
3673:
3666:
3659:
3652:
3645:
3637:
3629:
3622:
3615:
3608:
3600:
3598:
3592:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3576:
3567:
3565:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3542:
3534:
3526:
3517:
3515:
3511:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3503:
3496:
3489:
3484:
3483:
3482:
3471:
3469:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3461:
3454:
3447:
3439:
3437:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3427:
3419:
3415:The Two Towers
3411:
3402:
3396:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3384:
3376:
3364:
3351:
3349:
3342:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3332:
3324:
3316:
3308:
3296:
3283:
3281:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3271:
3264:
3257:
3245:
3236:
3227:
3225:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3215:
3207:
3198:
3196:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3167:
3166:
3161:
3159:Pauline Baynes
3150:
3148:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3130:
3122:
3113:
3111:
3107:
3106:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3079:
3072:
3065:
3058:
3051:
3044:
3037:
3030:
3023:
3016:
3009:
3008:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2985:
2977:
2975:
2969:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2956:
2955:
2954:
2947:Rings of Power
2944:
2939:
2934:
2928:
2926:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2890:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2849:
2848:
2847:
2846:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2817:
2815:
2806:
2800:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2776:
2774:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2739:Old Man Willow
2736:
2735:
2734:
2724:
2719:
2713:
2711:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2701:
2700:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2636:
2631:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2589:
2588:
2587:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2548:
2543:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2526:
2515:
2513:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2500:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2479:
2474:
2468:
2466:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2442:
2441:
2436:
2426:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2409:
2404:
2403:
2402:
2397:
2387:
2382:
2376:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2342:Modern sources
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2307:
2305:Antiquarianism
2301:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2217:Mental illness
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2133:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2112:A Walking Song
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2087:
2075:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2056:
2046:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2015:
2013:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1976:Works inspired
1973:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1951:
1946:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1912:
1905:
1898:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1879:
1876:The Two Towers
1872:
1861:
1859:
1855:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1842:
1836:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1822:
1821:
1814:
1807:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1786:
1771:
1765:
1739:
1707:
1681:
1675:
1647:
1627:
1621:
1599:
1581:
1567:
1547:
1541:
1535:. p. 63.
1521:"The One Ring"
1516:
1498:
1493:978-0875483030
1492:
1474:Lobdell, Jared
1469:
1455:
1429:
1423:
1403:Ernest Mathijs
1395:
1381:
1364:
1358:
1342:Curry, Patrick
1338:
1332:
1326:. p. 56.
1317:
1314:
1312:
1311:
1294:
1282:
1267:
1255:
1253:, p. 164.
1238:
1226:
1214:
1202:
1190:
1188:, p. 108.
1178:
1166:
1164:, p. 117.
1151:
1139:
1127:
1104:
1092:
1075:
1063:
1051:
1034:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1008:
989:
977:
965:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
892:
889:
886:
885:
882:
879:
871:
870:
867:
859:
853:
852:
849:
826:
820:
819:
813:
805:
799:
798:
792:
770:
764:
763:
760:
752:
746:
745:
742:
739:
721:
718:
706:drug addiction
694:drug addiction
636:
633:
630:
629:
626:
620:
619:
616:
610:
609:
606:
601:
597:
596:
593:
587:
586:
579:
573:
572:
569:
564:
557:
556:
553:
547:
546:
543:
537:
536:
533:
528:
524:
523:
520:
514:
513:
510:
504:
503:
496:
491:
487:
486:
483:
477:
476:
474:Rings of Power
470:
461:
460:
453:
448:
444:
443:
440:
437:
338:
335:
333:
330:
298:
295:
289:totally evil,
262:Samwise Gamgee
228:
225:
175:Rings of Power
129:
126:
124:
121:
117:Samwise Gamgee
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4082:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4036:
4035:
4031:
4029:
4028:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4017:
4011:
4010:
4006:
4004:
4003:
3999:
3997:
3996:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3985:
3979:
3978:
3974:
3972:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3949:
3948:
3947:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3936:
3930:
3929:
3925:
3923:
3922:
3918:
3916:
3915:
3911:
3909:
3908:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3899:playing games
3895:
3885:
3884:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3873:
3871:
3870:
3866:
3864:
3863:
3859:
3857:
3856:
3852:
3850:
3849:
3845:
3843:
3842:
3838:
3836:
3835:
3831:
3829:
3828:
3824:
3822:
3821:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3812:
3811:
3806:
3800:
3799:
3795:
3793:
3792:
3788:
3786:
3785:
3784:Shadow of War
3781:
3779:
3778:
3774:
3772:
3771:
3767:
3765:
3764:
3760:
3758:
3757:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3746:
3744:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3734:
3730:
3729:
3728:
3727:
3723:
3721:
3720:
3716:
3714:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3700:
3699:
3698:The Third Age
3695:
3693:
3692:
3688:
3686:
3685:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3660:
3658:
3657:
3653:
3651:
3650:
3646:
3644:
3642:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3630:
3628:
3627:
3623:
3621:
3620:
3616:
3614:
3613:
3609:
3607:
3606:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3597:
3593:
3582:
3581:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3562:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3547:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3512:
3502:
3501:
3497:
3495:
3494:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3481:
3478:
3477:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3466:
3459:
3455:
3452:
3451:Into the West
3448:
3445:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3436:
3432:
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3146:Illustrations
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2398:
2396:
2395:Frame stories
2393:
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2240:
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2228:
2225:
2223:
2222:Moral dilemma
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2207:Luck and fate
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
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2017:
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2014:
2012:
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1845:Constructing
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1613:HarperCollins
1610:
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1355:
1351:
1350:HarperCollins
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1329:
1325:
1320:
1319:
1309:, p. 109
1308:
1307:Rutledge 2003
1303:
1301:
1299:
1292:, p. 74.
1291:
1286:
1280:, p. 53.
1279:
1274:
1272:
1264:
1259:
1252:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1236:, p. 56.
1235:
1230:
1224:, p. 28.
1223:
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1199:
1194:
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1175:
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1084:
1082:
1080:
1073:, p. 63.
1072:
1067:
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1022:
1017:
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919:
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911:
905:
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898:
897:Patrick Curry
883:
880:
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839:
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748:
747:
743:
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737:
736:
732:
726:
717:
715:
711:
707:
703:
700:, who played
699:
695:
691:
689:
684:
683:Peter Jackson
679:
677:
671:
668:
664:
659:
655:
651:
646:
642:
641:Colin Manlove
627:
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621:
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397:
396:
391:
387:
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381:
377:
376:
371:
370:George Orwell
365:
361:
359:
351:
347:
343:
329:
327:
322:
318:
314:
313:Ring of Gyges
310:
309:
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294:
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287:
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156:
152:
151:
146:
139:
134:
120:
118:
114:
113:Frodo Baggins
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
94:moral choices
90:
88:
85:
81:
77:
73:
67:
65:
61:
57:
53:
52:
46:
45:Ring of Gyges
41:
39:
35:
31:
27:
26:
21:The theme of
16:
4032:
4025:
4007:
4000:
3993:
3975:
3968:
3946:Middle Earth
3944:
3926:
3919:
3912:
3905:
3882:
3875:
3868:
3862:Minas Morgul
3861:
3854:
3847:
3840:
3833:
3826:
3819:
3808:
3797:
3790:
3783:
3776:
3768:
3762:
3755:
3748:
3741:
3732:
3725:
3718:
3711:
3697:
3690:
3683:
3676:
3669:
3662:
3654:
3647:
3640:
3632:
3624:
3617:
3610:
3603:
3580:Born of Hope
3578:
3570:
3544:
3536:
3528:
3520:
3498:
3491:
3421:
3413:
3405:
3378:
3366:
3354:
3326:
3318:
3310:
3298:
3286:
3248:Led Zeppelin
3240:
3230:
3209:
3201:
3134:Muddle Earth
3132:
3124:
3116:
3081:
3074:
3067:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3039:
3032:
3025:
3018:
3011:
3005:The Sea-Bell
3000:Fastitocalon
2987:
2980:
2790:Tom Bombadil
2717:Barrow-wight
2422:Storytelling
2310:
2152:Christianity
2147:Architecture
2136:
2089:
2082:
2044:Black Speech
2029:Family trees
1881:
1874:
1867:
1846:
1825:
1776:
1750:
1720:
1714:
1688:
1662:
1639:. Retrieved
1635:
1606:
1603:Shippey, Tom
1592:
1585:Serkis, Andy
1554:
1528:
1511:The Republic
1510:
1477:
1441:
1436:
1410:
1368:
1345:
1323:
1285:
1258:
1229:
1222:Kellner 2006
1217:
1205:
1193:
1181:
1174:Manlove 1978
1169:
1162:Shippey 2002
1147:Shippey 2002
1142:
1135:Shippey 2002
1130:
1095:
1071:Roberts 2006
1066:
1059:Shippey 2002
1054:
1030:Shippey 2002
1000:Tolkien 1954
985:Tolkien 1955
980:
973:Tolkien 1977
968:
957:Tolkien 1954
918:Nazi slogans
907:
903:
894:
876:Tom Bombadil
830:Tom Bombadil
723:
696:; the actor
690:film trilogy
687:
680:
672:
666:
644:
638:
518:Tom Bombadil
422:
420:
407:
403:
393:
388:(1954), and
383:
373:
367:
363:
355:
326:Tom Bombadil
320:
316:
311:, where the
307:
300:
282:
230:
221:
213:
205:
202:
197:River Anduin
183:
148:
142:
91:
72:Tom Bombadil
68:
55:
50:
42:
38:Middle-earth
24:
22:
20:
15:
4019:Other games
3938:Board games
3848:Helm's Deep
3596:Video games
3373:Rankin/Bass
3323:(BBC, 1981)
3203:Fellowship!
3186:Ted Nasmith
3099:Adaptations
2906:Helm's Deep
2429:Prose style
2417:Interlacing
2380:Anachronism
2362:Shakespeare
1969:Tolkienmoot
1959:Fan fiction
1924:Translating
1210:Serkis 2003
1198:Sommer 2004
1088:Spacks 2004
698:Andy Serkis
467:Ringwraiths
416:anachronism
410:is largely
400:Old English
390:T. H. White
375:Animal Farm
233:Tom Shippey
214:The wizard
165:during the
60:Tom Shippey
4054:Categories
3987:Card games
3530:Khraniteli
3475:Production
2982:The Hobbit
2863:LothlĂłrien
2829:Old Forest
2695:Wormtongue
2551:Half-elven
2546:Glorfindel
2372:Techniques
2297:Influences
1940:Reception
1755:. Boston:
1725:. Boston:
1641:16 October
1484:Open Court
1373:Open Court
1290:Curry 1998
1278:Curry 1998
1263:Curry 1998
1251:Curry 1998
931:References
842:Weathertop
778:Fellowship
500:gluttonous
358:Lord Acton
346:Lord Acton
167:Second Age
163:Mount Doom
64:Lord Acton
4060:Addiction
3458:May It Be
3254:Ramble On
3171:John Howe
2937:PalantĂrs
2839:The Shire
2834:Rivendell
2813:Geography
2785:Goldberry
2629:Beornings
2585:Treebeard
2573:Thranduil
2541:Galadriel
2439:Epic Pooh
2434:Ambiguity
2357:Philology
2347:Modernism
2267:Sexuality
2039:Languages
1735:519647821
1653:(2004). "
1508:(2009) .
1391:863158193
1344:(1998) .
1234:Bell 2009
1186:Yell 2007
1123:Katz 2003
1013:Secondary
910:Episcopal
864:Gorgoroth
803:Galadriel
738:Character
676:Rivendell
663:addictive
551:Galadriel
508:Treebeard
439:Character
402:proverb "
332:Addiction
249:Galadriel
184:When the
106:Galadriel
3742:Conquest
3612:Game One
3564:Fan-made
3468:Approach
3348:Animated
3270:" (1971)
3263:" (1971)
3256:" (1969)
3176:Alan Lee
2995:Errantry
2952:One Ring
2916:Morannon
2888:Isengard
2868:Mirkwood
2820:Eriador
2709:Monsters
2662:Denethor
2639:DĂşnedain
2634:DrĂşedain
2492:Radagast
2337:Medieval
2242:Paganism
2119:Proverbs
2059:Sindarin
2034:Heraldry
2011:Elements
2002:Analysis
1964:Oxonmoot
1949:Literary
1890:Stories
1864:Volumes
1745:(1977).
1713:(1955).
1703:12228601
1687:(1954).
1605:(2002).
1594:BBC News
1577:52559213
1553:(2003).
1409:(eds.).
922:half-elf
846:Amon Hen
810:the West
731:One Ring
712:scholar
704:, cited
577:Denethor
457:One Ring
378:(1945),
350:One Ring
308:Republic
286:Isengard
186:Stoorish
155:One Ring
138:the Ring
51:Republic
49:Plato's
30:the Ring
3719:Tactics
3656:Elendor
3549:(2022)
3538:Hobitit
3375:, 1980)
3363:, 1978)
3307:, 1979)
3295:, 1955)
3195:Theatre
2972:Related
2932:Mithril
2925:Objects
2899:Battles
2844:Bag End
2690:Théoden
2667:Faramir
2657:Boromir
2644:Aragorn
2592:Hobbits
2568:Legolas
2519:Dwarves
2511:peoples
2497:Saruman
2487:Gandalf
2482:Wizards
2472:Balrogs
2455:Peoples
2311:Beowulf
2202:Heroism
2192:Forests
2177:England
2172:Economy
2091:Namárië
2066:Khuzdul
2019:Artwork
1934:Swedish
1749:(ed.).
1527:(ed.).
1476:(ed.).
1465:8661848
1316:Sources
936:Primary
768:Boromir
658:Isildur
650:Legolas
624:Aragorn
591:Faramir
567:Boromir
560:Men of
541:Gandalf
531:Saruman
291:Faramir
278:Isildur
270:Boromir
257:Faramir
253:Aragorn
216:Gandalf
102:Boromir
87:Saruman
3962:Sauron
3855:Mordor
3791:Gollum
3643:(SNES)
3641:Vol. I
3635:(1990)
3633:Vol. I
3583:(2009)
3575:(2009)
3541:(1993)
3533:(1991)
3525:(1971)
3426:(2003)
3418:(2002)
3410:(2001)
3394:series
3383:(2024)
3361:Bakshi
3331:(1992)
3315:(1980)
3244:(1988)
3235:(1972)
3214:(2006)
3206:(2005)
3137:(2003)
3129:(1999)
3121:(1969)
2878:Mordor
2853:Gondor
2780:Eagles
2754:Trolls
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