6018:
5287:
5275:
3730:
4626:
4638:
4469:
4460:
6459:
6379:
140:
9166:
2990:
3960:
3323:
1040:
3057:
1154:
9469:
115:
6365:, ventral vascular structures of the eurypterids, acted indeed as active respiratory structures during air breathing as previously suggested. This and the evidence of land incursions made by stylonurines implies that eurypterids could stay out of the water for prolongated periods. This does not change the fact that they were predominantly aquatic creatures, just as their swimming paddles (which
5946:. Van Oyen's synonymizations were based on ratios of the carapace alone, ignoring other important phylogenetic features as well as possible taphonomic effects (defects produced during fossilization) on the fossils. Subsequent research has proven the validity of some species, now defined based on clear and distinguishing characteristics, including
5382:, including the presence of an anterior triangle on the carapace (the function of which is uncertain), a central circular area of the carapace being raised, the eyes being further away from the margin of the carapace than from the ocelli, an oval metastoma, a long telson and the presence of epimera on the preabdomen.
1064:(actively swimming) eurypterids with prominent cuticle sculptures (ornamentation consisting of small, minute, scales across their backs). These scales are perhaps the most distinguishing feature of the group, though similar scales have been reported in other eurypterid groups, most notably the pterygotids, as well.
6212:
in many ways represented the last of its kind, being the final eurypterid to possess swimming appendages, it did not exist in diverse eurypterid faunas such as the ones observed with genera during the
Silurian or early Devonian. Instead, the brackish of fresh water environments typically inhabited by
5321:
made it difficult to assess if the legs truly were non-spiniferous. A new genus for non-spiniferous species could be phylogenetically supported, but transferring the new genus to the
Slimonidae based on the loss of a feature which seems to have been lost independently in the two groups is not in line
6431:
The juveniles appear to have developed and lived in somewhat different conditions than the adults. In beds were juveniles are more common, insect fossils are more common as well, indicating a lack of adults that were capable of devouring them, and the presence of smaller plant fossils suggest a less
6369:
also possessed) indicate. Furthermore, it is possible that being out of the water would have been ineffective for them during their alimentation, limiting the time they stayed there. However, they may have moved from pool to pool to breed in safer locations, supported by the usual separation between
6037:
as a whole mainly lived in environments near coastal habitats, with a preference for habitats with reduced salinity such as river deltas, estuaries or lagoons. Marine influences are often recorded from these habitats and the deposits carrying adelophthalmoid fossils, but typical marine index fossils
6249:
were small, it is most likely that it fed on small organisms, possibly in part the ostracods and branchiopods known from associated fossils. There is a noticeable lack of insects in the fossil beds with dense plant fossils, where they should be more common, and a surprising abundance in fossil beds
6008:
were described by authors who were not eurypterid specialists (since eurypterid researchers mostly concentrated their efforts on the more diverse pre-Carboniferous eurypterids) and most descriptions lack in comparisons with previously described species of the genus. As such, the differences between
4731:
being the most derived member of its family is confirmed by its swimming appendages being the thinnest of all included genera and by its eyes being the closest to the center of the carapace. In adelophthalmoids, eyes appear to get closer to the center of the carapace with every more derived genus,
6446:
live in different environments and regions than the adults. The advantage of this form of segregation is not only to allow younger individuals to live in conditions more stable from a salinity standpoint, but also to keep juveniles safe from situations in which substantial amounts of marine water
5888:
valid, group, but that it likely suffers from an under-splitting at the genus level and over-splitting at the species level. It is possible that the large amount of species form two or more distinct clades that could be split into different genera. Though most of the species included in the genus
3524:
based on two incomplete fossils and few other small fragments from Elmo in Kansas. The first specimen preserves the carapace and the first four tergites of the preabdomen, while the second preserves five preabdominal and three postabdominal tergites; this specimen represents twice the size of the
1233:
The status of the 35 names (out of which two are synonyms) listed below follow a 2018 survey by German paleontologists Jason A. Dunlop and Denise Jekel and
British paleontologist David Penney and size- and temporal ranges follow a 2009 study by American paleontologists James Lamsdell and Simon J.
4592:
Though habitats of this kind were many, widespread and ecologically stable for a time in the early
Permian, they would turn out to be delicate. A changing climate during the Permian altered depositional and vegetation patterns across the northern hemisphere, which drastically affected previously
6128:
environment) together with fossils of freshwater bivalves and terrestrial organisms. It is possible that these freshwater "conquests" are related to the diversification of the genus itself and the appearance of several new species during the
Carboniferous, rather than reflecting a shift in the
6289:(external gills arranged like the pages of a book), although they were probably five, as in xiphosurans. These are oriented horizontally and all of them but the ones from the sixth segment are fragmentary. There, they are oval in shape, attached near the midline of the body and consist of six
3032:
Since the preserved carapace had no indication of there ever having been any eyes present, Jordan and von Meyer assumed that the animal would have been completely eyeless in life, with the original description of the fossil citing several cases in which eyeless forms occur in arthropod groups
6428:, but smaller individuals (juveniles) are found in fossil beds containing less organic material and mostly smaller plant fragments. The large plant fragments of the adult habitat were deposited in quiet conditions, likely through leaves dropping into enclosed lagoons or standing ponds.
6436:
would thus be variable, while juveniles could live in fresher and less variable environments further away from the shoreline. It is possible that the adults mated in the streams that fed the ponds, and then returned to live in the ponds because of a richer food supply being present.
6172:
is nowhere to be found, which indicates that a shift to an environment further away from the ocean caused the extinction of these populations, which indicates that several species needed some form of connection to habitats of marginally marine nature, even if they did not live in
6265:. It is however likely that various predatory fish, amphibians and early reptiles known to have been present at the time would have preyed upon the small eurypterids. Both fish and amphibians are known from similar environments of the same age in the nearby Manzanita Mountains.
3287:, naming the species in his honor. The only known specimen is composed of six body segments and Woodward noted that naming the species may have been slightly premature. He noted that the specimen possessed markings and spikes running alongside the abdomen in a similar way to
5869:
in terms of all the species it is recognized as containing can thus not be fully confidently stated to be monophyletic, more fragmentary species need to be redescribed and more phylogenetic characters need to be confidently established before the status of the genus can be
2011:
can be distinguished from most other species by its first segment being narrower relative to the other segments of the mesosoma. The characteristic abdominal spikes were present in the last segment of the mesosoma and all the metasomal segments. Compared to other species,
3021:
and featuring descriptions of several other arthropod taxa. The fossil was immediately recognized by Jordan as that of a eurypterid, with both the overall shape and form and the individual parts (particularly the head and the appendages) being very similar to those of
4580:
appears to have lived in environments of brackish to fresh water on a deltaic plain adjacent to a coastal plain. Climate conditions favorable for the spread and maintenance of such environments were optimal during the Late
Carboniferous and Early Permian, with
3028:
which had been described in the United States in 1825, 29 years earlier. Among the differences noted between the specimens were the smaller size and later age of the SaarbrĂźcken fossil and what Jordan and von Meyer perceived to be a complete lack of eyes.
3604:
in
Ukraine. A new expedition in 2012 carried out by Russian paleontologist Evgeniy S. Shpinev and others in the respectively Russian and Ukrainian localities of Kakichev and Lomuvatka brought a number of well-preserved, presumably juvenile, fossils of
6416:, including several adults and juveniles, allowed researchers to determine different habitat preferences for different age groups. Larger individuals (adults) are found associated with large plant fragments, including branches of
3891:
of
Khakassia (hence the name) in 2014 by Filimonov, it represents the biggest species of the genus. The holotype, PM TGU 168/108, is composed of parts of the metasoma and a complete telson, with several other known paratypes. As
2578:
in possessing a median furrow (raised structure through the center of the carapace) on its prosoma and in the corners of the carapace not being expanded. Its first tergite has an almost identical morphology as that possessed by
2818:. The species can be differentiated from others in the genus by its relatively broad carapace, a short podomere 7 on the swimming legs and rows of tubercles along the posterior edges of the carapace and opisthosomal segments.
6343:
and represent a terrestrial adaptation to breathe air. They prevent the lamellae from sticking together and eliminating the space between them, which would suffocate the organism. Therefore, the presence of trabeculae in
3685:
of New Mexico. The large amount of specimens recovered, representing individuals at various stages of development and ontogeny, allowed detailed studies to be performed on the ontogeny and intraspecific variation within
8043:
Lamsdell, James C.; Simonetto, Luca; Selden, Paul A. (2013). "First
Eurypterid from Italy: A new species of Adelophthalmus (Chelicerata: Eurypterida) from the Upper Carboniferous of the Carnic Alps (Friuli, NE Italy)".
3775:
was described in 2006 based on a fossil specimens (including the holotype, a prosoma, "head", with the specimen number PIN no. 5109/4) collected by the
Krasnoyarsk Geological Expedition near Sakhapta, a village in the
1958:. It differs from all these species in a narrower mesosoma and in a wider metasoma. It had undeveloped epimera in the seventh, eleventh and twelfth segments (being in these last two segments flattened and leaf-like).
6055:
this is seen as particularly likely as it is represented by a single specimen that is also the only eurypterid specimen collected from the formation in which it was found, the Gogo Formation of Western Australia.
5392:
was recovered as more basal than other species, which fits with it also being the earliest known species in the fossil record, mainly due to the broad swimming appendage being similar to the broad appendages of
4180:
2661:
had in its second to fifth appendages a pair of ventrodistal spines on each podomere. Furthermore, it had epimera in its postabdomen and the first segment did not have any lateral reduction. This suggests that
4217:
Already widespread and represented around all major landmasses in the Late Devonian, the amalgamation of Pangaea into a global supercontinent during the Carboniferous and Permian would allow the able swimmer
6184:, from the Late Moscovian, the later Carboniferous and the Early Permian, show a larger presence in habitats with marine influence, particularly habitats of tidally influence estuarine environments. Despite
4732:
and even though eye position may reflect lifestyles and inhabited environments, they are also assumed to (particularly in this case, with a clear progression) include phylogenetically important information.
4166:
was relatively unscathed, adapting new strategies (such as sweep-feeding) to avoid competition, and came to diversify once more in the Carboniferous, the Eurypterina was rendered almost completely extinct,
4560:, despite being separated by a timespan of more than a hundred million years. The similarities are likely due to a generalized, and not a specialized, ecological niche. This morphological conservatism in
3837:"doubtful"), both based on fossils originally collected by Russian geologist Yuriy Fedorovich Pogonya-Stefanovich in 1960 in deposits 3 km southeast of the village of Kamyshta (which lent its name to
6370:
adult and juvenile eurypterids in the fossil record and by the possession of spermatophores, which could have allowed eurypterids to store sperm for months to give them time to seek a secure environment.
4564:
suggests that the genus became bradytelic, evolving at a slower rate than the standard rate among eurypterids. Typically, bradytelic organisms have a broad geographical spread, something that was seen in
3579:
under a different species name based on the original collector of the fossil (Dr. Palisa) and without any designation of it representing a type specimen. Pruvost was also honored through the naming of
962:
had begun early, with representatives found in both Siberia and Australia during the Devonian, but it first gained its almost cosmopolitan distribution following the amalgamation of the supercontinent
1090:
at just 4 cm (1.6 in) in length. The genus as a whole does not appear to have fluctuated much in size over the course of its long evolutionary history, with "large" species occurring in the
3425:
being fragmented, owing to careless usage of hammers and diamond bores during excavation, the fossil could nevertheless be studied in detail and compared to known eurypterid species. As Stainier
1015:
is the most taxonomically diverse of all eurypterid genera, containing 33 species considered valid. This large amount of species, many named long ago, have prompted some researchers to designate
3045:("grainy" or "full of grains"), referring to the state of the fossil preservation having given some of the fossils a grainy texture. The type specimen, to this day the only specimen referred to
3365:. Woodward described very large fossil specimens, the carapace alone measuring 21 cm (8.3 in) and the seven associated body segments measuring an additional 25 cm (9.8) together.
1824:
had relatively broad proportions. With the only known specimen lacking eyes and appendages, its status as diagnostic is somewhat questionable. It is possible that the large abdominal spikes of
6412:
was a moderately elevated region with less dense vegetation and better drainage than the swamplands that occupied much of the rest of the United States. The discovery of a large assemblage of
6432:
prolific vegetation cover, the juvenile environment possibly having been lower areas on the delta plain between the ponds. Periodically, storms would drive marine water into the ponds, where
3796:
to be described from Russia and the first ever Carboniferous eurypterid known from the country. It is also one of few Carboniferous eurypterids found within the territory of the former
6009:
species are often trivial, perhaps partly resulting from that the first overview paper on the taxon was published only in 1948, at which point 26 species had already been described.
5989:
as of 2020, the largest amount of any eurypterid), is geographically widespread, named a long time ago (1854) and the nominate form of a higher taxon (lending its name to the family
4704:), as inferred by O. Erik Tetlie and Markus Poschmann in 2008, based on the results of a 2008 analysis specifically pertaining to the Adelophthalmoidea and a preceding 2004 analysis.
3987:
in the Late Silurian, being a part of a rapid diversification of swimming eurypterids (suborder Eurypterina) throughout the Silurian. Baltica would later collide with the continents
3654:
to potentially represent a distinct genus, citing that scorpions with similar dorsal anatomies can be quite different ventrally and that the same could be true for the Carboniferous
6599:
6188:
spreading to fully freshwater environments, their conquests of these environments was apparently not as successful as that of other similar groups, for instance some Carboniferous
7934:
Kues, Barry S.; Kietzke, Kenneth K. (1981). "A Large Assemblage of a New Eurypterid from the Red Tanks Member, Madera Formation (Late Pennsylvanian-Early Permian) of New Mexico".
4203:
experienced a rapid diversification through the Carboniferous, with 23 of its 33 species having been described from the Carboniferous alone, and reached its peak diversity in the
6447:
decimated the populations in the ponds by altering the living conditions too much. In such a situation, younger populations could after some time recolonize the old habitats.
6440:
Age-based segregation of this kind between juveniles and adults of the same population is relatively normal in arthropods, for instance, juveniles of the related and modern
2173:
and has several features that are not consistent with the genus. These include a very wide carapace, very large eyes and what appears to be a median ridge on its carapace.
3849:. Despite how poorly preserved these fossils are, several features (notably the parabolic carapace and the presence of spikes along the abdomen) place both species within
3646:
in studies during the middle twentieth century, notably that of Belgian paleontologist Fredrik Herman van Oyen (1956). Though most authors assign all described species to
4327:
discovered in France is also known from this time. The Late Carboniferous would see the appearance of several more species in various places around the world. During the
6261:
have been preserved in the Madera Formation are all part of the Red Tanks Member, which does not preserve any known organisms that would have been capable of preying on
6133:
seem to form a minority, with most species being confined to paralic or lowland basins in depositional environments with close connections to marginally marine habitats.
1031:(a group sharing a common ancestor) but might most appropriately be split into different genera along distinct clades formed within the current confines of the genus.
3888:
3792:
based on their scalelike ornamentation, the position of their eyes and the shape of the carapace shortly after their excavation. The species is the first species of
3555:, MB.A. 889, was collected in the Czech Republic in 1930 or 1931 and first mentioned in a manuscript by French Carboniferous worker Pierre Pruvost, who dubbed it "
1185:
was parabolic in shape, with a narrow marginal rim (edge). The carapace was held in place with the aid of a small and hinged triangular "locking" mechanism placed
3394:
based on fossils recovered in Nebraska, USA. The species was described alongside other fossils from the associated sediments, which helped reinforce the idea as
3846:
6308:
5325:
The cladogram below displays the results of a phylogenetic analysis conducted by O. Erik Tetlie and Markus Poschmann in 2008, featuring seven species of
4527:
is known to have lived in a freshwater environment, its fossil being found in association with fossils of land plants. The youngest described species is
4295:(although this species may have occurred as early as the Famennian stage, the last stage of the Devonian). The genus also spread to modern day Scotland (
6245:
indicates that it was a good swimmer, though it is likely that it spent most of its time crawling in the mud. As the chelicerae (frontal appendages) of
9641:
4199:, existing in far greater number than the surviving members of the Stylonurina, both in terms of the number of individuals and the number of species.
3946:, and after their study it was confirmed that even if they had a mostly aquatic lifestyle, the eurypterids could venture on to land for long periods.
3100:, but ignored the rules of taxonomical priority and used his younger name due to it being based on material that he considered to be better preserved.
993:, the apparent eyelessness of the type specimen is treated by modern researchers as a preservational artifact, and not a feature that any species of
3084:
would have had in life, this issue was not resolved immediately which made the naming of subsequently discovered species confusing and problematic.
5329:
and excluding other species on the grounds that they were too incompletely known. All characters were treated as unordered and given equal weight.
6285:
nodule on the ventral side of the animal is split in a manner in which the branchial chamber (gill tract) is visible. This uncovers four pairs of
9532:
8533:
5967:
is an ongoing area of research, perhaps the most important question that remains unanswered is the exact relationship between the type species
4692:
The cladogram below presents the inferred phylogenetic positions of most of the genera included in the three most derived superfamilies of the
1705:
is incredibly poorly known, the only known specimen lacking the eyes, the appendages and even the abdominal spines otherwise always present in
8394:"A New Eurypterid (Chelicerata: Eurypterida) from the Upper Devonian Gogo Formation of Western Australia, With A Review of the Rhenopteridae"
1787:
having a broader carapace, larger eyes, a more slender thorax and the characteristic spikes running along its abdomen pointing backwards (in
8249:
Shpinev, Evgeniy S. (2012). "New species of the genus Adelophthalmus (Eurypterida, Chelicerata) found in the Middle Devonian of Khakassia".
8165:"The Eurypterid Adelophthalmus Sievertsi (chelicerata: Eurypterida) from the Lower Devonian (emsian) Klerf Formation of Willwerath, Germany"
6017:
9656:
6620:
8503:
Tetlie, O. Erik; Poschmann, Markus (2008). "Phylogeny and palaeoecology of the Adelophthalmoidea (Arthropoda; Chelicerata; Eurypterida)".
6168:
to the north, which resulted in the basin being located 1,300 km (810 miles) further away from the ocean. In these younger deposits,
1443:, though was noted as being significantly different in it possessing "comb organs" by British paleontologist Charles D. Waterston in 1958.
989:(head plate) completely lacking any indication of eyes. Though this has caused much subsequent confusion, including the naming of several
9671:
9636:
6348:
indicates that eurypterids were able breathe in terrestrial environments with their respiratory organs unlike xiphosurans or other basal
6293:. The number of lamellae in the other anterior segments is thought to have been higher, as indicated by some fragments and a specimen of
3681:
was described by American paleontologists Barry S. Kues and Kenneth K. Kietzke in 1981 based on 150 fossil specimens recovered from the
3559:", but he did not formally describe the specimen or taxon. Pruvost had previous experience with the genus, having described the species
3449:), he classified the new Belgian eurypterid in that genus as well. He did note that the new species was very similar to species such as
5306:
are poorly known, owing to its long history and the large amount of species assigned to the genus, many based on fragmentary remains.
5286:
5274:
3729:
6077:, which are recovered in non-marine deposits such as in environments that were once brackish or estuarine habitats. The evolution of
2901:. The only known specimen consists of six body segments. These segments possess markings and spikes alongside the abdomen similar to
1537:
specimens of the same size class. The same ratio of the length of the metasoma to length of the mesosoma was somewhat larger than in
8220:
Shpinev, Evgeniy S. (2006). "A new species of Adelophthalmus (Eurypterida) from the lower carboniferous of the Krasnoyarsk Region".
9519:
8278:
Shpinev, Evgeniy S. (2014). "New data on eurypterids (Eurypterida, Chelicerata) of the Upper Carboniferous of the Donets Basin".
7726:
3413:. The type specimen, a relatively complete fossil measuring just 3.3 centimetres (1.3 in) in length, was discovered through
8126:
Peach, Ben N. (1882). "Further Researches among the Crustacea and Arachnida of the Carboniferous Rocks of the Scottish Border".
7743:
6038:(fossils that indicate a marine environment and ecosystem) are not found associated with the eurypterid remains. The occasional
9621:
6277:
imaging, researchers have been able to observe in detail the structure of the respiratory organs of the only known specimen of
3498:
5899:
in its supposed trapezoid carapace (a feature now known to be incorrect and based on an incorrect illustration) and the large
9651:
9596:
9245:
9235:
8757:
8374:
6352:. Its trabeculae are also highly similar to those of arachnids, especially that of a specimen of an indeterminate species of
5889:
appear to form a monophyletic group, some species have been suggested to represent species of other recognized genera, with
2108:
but possessed indentations around the edges of its exoskeleton, a feature that separates it from all other known species of
3662:
of this nature would be problematic due to its classification depending on the preservational state of any given specimen.
8421:"A redescription of the Late Carboniferous eurypterids Adelophthalmus granosus von Meyer, 1853 and A. zadrai PĹibyl, 1952"
917:
until its extinction during the Permian, after which the few surviving eurypterids were all walking forms of the suborder
905:, which makes it the longest lived of all known eurypterid genera, with a total temporal range of over 120 million years.
9661:
9626:
9611:
3088:, named in 1855 from Carboniferous-age deposits in Germany, shows definite eyes. The descriptor, Austrian paleontologist
1310:
by the lack of differentiation between the first three pairs and the last pair of the endognathites being less distinct.
1083:, reached a maximum length of approximately 32 cm (12.6 in). Many species were smaller, the smallest being the
4380:
stage (from 315.2 to 307 million years ago) saw the appearance of several new species, including the two German species
3033:
otherwise possessing eyes (such as in crustaceans and trilobites). This apparent eyelessness prompted the choice of name
3009:
to be discovered was excavated in 1851 by German paleontologist Hermann Jordan in a railway shaft at Jägersfreude, near
9666:
9631:
9197:
7907:
7830:
3915:, in France. Its only known specimen, GLAHM A23113, is a nearly complete body only lacking the telson and preserved in
1398:, differing only in being proportionally shorter and not possessing indentation around the edges of the exoskeleton as
7840:
Dunbar, Carl O. (1924). "Kansas Permian insects, Part 1, The geologic occurrence and the environment of the insects".
9212:
4158:. Of the 16 eurypterid families that had been alive at the beginning of the Devonian, only three persisted into the
3532:
was described by American paleontologist Carl E. Decker in 1938 based on Permian-age fossils in Oklahoma. Since the
3210:
would for a long time erroneously be considered to represent the fossil remains of a scorpion and not an eurypterid.
3080:
Though modern researchers tend to treat the assumed eyelessness as a preservational artifact and not a feature that
8099:
5914:
was suggested by Fredrik Herman van Oyen in 1956 to possibly represent a senior synonym of many species, including
9601:
9456:
9240:
9182:
8456:"A reappraisal of Eurypterus dumonti Stainier, 1917 and its position within the Adelophthalmidae Tollerton, 1989"
6477:
7918:
5317:
family of eurypterids, citing their lack of spines, however noted that the then presently available material of
4054:
from outside Europe, fossils of the three having been recovered from Khakassia in Russia. By the Late Devonian,
3757:(described earlier in 2004 based on the singular specimen BMNH In 60174 from the Late Devonian of Australia) to
9606:
9230:
9220:
9174:
7957:"Cope's Rule and Romer's theory: patterns of diversity and gigantism in eurypterids and Palaeozoic vertebrates"
4147:
3361:
from America, finding the spikes along the abdomen very similar, though noted that they were less prominent in
3050:
4428:
from Mechelen-sur-Meuse, Belgium. The very latest Carboniferous and early Permian would see the appearance of
9616:
9192:
9187:
3907:
In 2020, Lamsdell, Victoria E. McCoy, Opal A. Perron-Felle and Melanie J. Hopkins described a new species of
2855:. A poorly known species based on a single fossil consisting of a series of fragmentary segments. Similar to
1225:
from other adelophthalmid eurypterids is its elongated body and the spurs present on its abdominal segments.
6152:
in age) are from a time in which the basin was either part of, or at the very least connected to, a western
5910:
Many of the more fragmentary species could very well be synonyms of more well known species. In particular,
4711:
A close relationship between the three groups is confirmed partly due to basal members of all three groups,
3868:) was collected in the gravel bank of a small creek near the greater Bombaso creek, north of the village of
9646:
9591:
9225:
9202:
4491:
includes five species, all of which were confined to the Early Permian. The first stage of the period, the
3224:
139:
7999:
7760:
3761:
This species had previously not been assigned to the genus despite clear similarities to other species of
3228:
1541:, while the ratio of the length of the prosoma to length of the mesosoma was smaller than in the latter.
127:
3466:
9586:
3272:
6404:
and associated organisms lived in bodies of brackish to fresh water in what is assumed to have been a
1533:
in the proportions of the body. Its carapace had a length/width ratio similar to the average value of
8858:
8750:
7886:
6472:
6290:
6149:
6117:
4377:
4323:
is particularly notable as it represents the hitherto only known Carboniferous eurypterid in Russia.
3426:
2891:
2698:
2615:
2465:
2330:
2294:
2088:
1864:
1815:
1769:
1334:
1003:
was a genus of comparatively small eurypterids, with species ranging in size from 4 cm (1.6 in,
949:
6097:
are found in sections that are considerably more marginally marine than those sections inhabited by
6081:
saw a shift from brackish environments to habitats dominated by fresh water. In habitats where both
1221:(the posteriormost segment, here in the shape of a spike). The feature that primarily distinguishes
4625:
4143:, which would mean that the range of the genus included water around all then existing continents.
3916:
3089:
1783:, similar in overall shape and proportions and in the pattern of the ornamentation. They differ in
7897:
8207:
Reuss, Adolf E. (1855). "Ăber eine neue Krusterspecies aus der BĂśhmischen Steinkohlenformation".
3864:. The specimen (specimen number MFSNgp 31681, housed at the Museo Friulano di Storia Naturale in
3575:, at a point in time when the type specimen was seemingly lost. The specimen was rediscovered in
3248:
3139:
8581:
Waterston, Charles D. (1968). "Further Observations on the Scottish Carboniferous Eurypterids".
6299:
that had 45 lamellae in each of its four pairs of book gills from the second to fifth segments.
6254:
fed on insects that had fallen into the water, hindering these from being preserved as fossils.
6071:
environments inhabited during the Silurian. The earliest adelophthalmoids, such as the Devonian
4027:
lived in near-shore environments, typically a varied and unstable habitat, which indicates that
3788:. The fossils, from the Tournaisian Solomennyi Stan Formation, could confidently be assigned to
3721:
having larger eyes, a wider carapace and what could possible by a median ridge on the carapace.
9563:
9487:
9165:
7820:
3473:
3391:
3115:
9537:
7888:
Fauna Saraepontana Fossilis. Die fossilien Thiere aus der Steinkohlenformation von SaarbrĂźcken
6316:
underwent a taphonomic deformation and that they were originally vertically-oriented as well.
3938:, threw stones that transformed into babies to repopulate the world. The good preservation of
3587:
by Norwegian paleontologist Erik N. Kjellesvig-Waering in 1948 based on fossils discovered in
3185:
was erected to include some fossils from the Carboniferous of Scotland, including the species
2266:
but has a narrower carapace, smaller eyes and a wider thorax. The spikes along the abdomen of
9558:
9550:
6274:
6001:", a taxon existing for the sole purpose of classifying organisms that do not fit elsewhere.
3842:
3422:
941:
8046:
Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia (Research in Paleontology and Stratigraphy)
7998:
Lamsdell, James C.; McCoy, Victoria E.; Perron-Feller, Opal A.; Hopkins, Melanie J. (2020).
913:
suborder of eurypterids and consisted the only known genus of swimming eurypterids from the
9472:
8743:
8664:
8623:
8534:"The ventral anatomy of the Upper Carboniferous eurypterid Anthraconectes Meek and Worthen"
8474:
Tetlie, O. Erik (2007). "Distribution and dispersal history of Eurypterida (Chelicerata)".
7870:
7849:
7774:
4637:
4020:
3749:
by Norwegian paleontologist Leif Størmer in 1969 based on fossil remains from the Devonian
3672:
by Spanish paleontologist Bermudo MelĂŠndez in 1971 based on fossils from d'Ablana in Spain.
3409:, Carboniferous in age, was described by Belgian paleontologist Xavier Stainier in 1915 as
2928:
2872:
2834:
2783:
2721:
2687:
2641:
2596:
2557:
2488:
2454:
2417:
2367:
2319:
2283:
2236:
2186:
2135:
2069:
1985:
1918:
1889:
1853:
1804:
1758:
1671:
1631:
1589:
1554:
1500:
1458:
1415:
1361:
1323:
1273:
8700:
2810:
is, despite its early age, most similar to late Carboniferous and Permian species such as
1193:
were located between, or slightly behind (depending on the species), the larger eyes. The
952:(worldwide) distribution, one of few eurypterid genera to achieve one besides potentially
8:
6464:
6145:
4370:
3912:
3777:
3588:
3177:
in regards to specimens described after the type specimen in the belief that the type of
1122:
at 18 cm, 7 in). Most of the smaller species are known from the Carboniferous, when
8668:
8627:
7853:
7778:
6196:
family, that occurred in freshwater lakes and basins that completely lacked eurypterids.
4179:
3876:
and seven opisthosomal segments on a large block of sandstone. The name of the species,
3609:. The exact identification of these fossils is not possible, but they are identified as
8680:
8639:
8598:
8569:
8520:
8361:
8328:
8295:
8266:
8237:
8151:
8086:
8031:
7981:
7956:
7943:
7790:
6164:
in the south during the Pennsylvanian and Early Permian, drainage became routed to the
6157:
6068:
4204:
3943:
3927:
3781:
3350:
3119:
3069:
1028:
697:
134:
8455:
8357:
7727:"Eurypterid Beds of Nebraska with Notice of a New Species, "Eurypterus Nebraskaensis""
4214:
remained the only genus of eurypterine eurypterids until the extinction of the group.
3883:
In 2018, Shpinev and Russian researcher A. N. Filimonov described a new species named
3421:, northern Belgium. Though the fossil had been slightly damaged, including the entire
2404:
is also known for its unusually long telson and generally slender and thin body plan.
9545:
9061:
8994:
8986:
8724:
8712:
8684:
8643:
8602:
8573:
8491:
8442:
8410:
8393:
8380:
8365:
8299:
8191:
8181:
8164:
8155:
8143:
8090:
8035:
8023:
7986:
7903:
7826:
7794:
7765:
6408:. The lack of large coal beds suggests that the fossil localities which have yielded
6306:
s book gills, however, were vertically oriented. This and a fossil of the xiphosuran
6165:
6034:
5998:
5994:
4846:
4753:
4701:
4656:
4071:
3263:
3165:
was coined by German paleontologist Friedrich Goldenberg (who also named the species
3018:
3001:
in 1854. The apparently eyeless carapace can be seen in the bottom-left illustration.
2998:
1210:
1020:
8524:
8332:
8270:
8241:
7744:"A New Genus of Characeae and New Merostomata from the Coal Measures of Nova Scotia"
3596:
1933 saw Ukrainian paleontologist Boris Isidorovich Chernyshev describe the species
9401:
9115:
9107:
9097:
9089:
9069:
9040:
8956:
8905:
8672:
8631:
8590:
8561:
8512:
8483:
8432:
8405:
8353:
8320:
8287:
8258:
8229:
8176:
8135:
8078:
8053:
8013:
7976:
7968:
7857:
7782:
6073:
5990:
5885:
5590:
5566:
5515:
5446:
5395:
5360:
5309:
American paleontologist Victor P. Tollerton suggested in 1989 that some species of
4965:
4941:
4908:
4679:
4667:
4661:
4652:
3919:
3682:
3521:
3017:("Of the crustaceans of the coal formation of SaarbrĂźcken"), written by Jordan and
2533:
2497:
1173:
1050:
220:
207:
8192:"An arthropod (Merostome) ichnocoenosis from the Carboniferous of northwest Spain"
4613:) that occupied niches outside of these habitats continued to survive for a time,
4468:
4459:
2392:
are on the sternites which separates this species from all other known species of
9430:
9276:
9133:
9074:
9030:
8933:
8920:
8487:
8392:
Tetlie, O. Erik; Braddy, Simon J.; Butler, Piers D.; Briggs, Derek E. G. (2004).
8311:(Eurypterida, Chelicerata) from the Devonian of the South Minusinsk Depression".
8004:
7803:
7178:
7176:
7174:
7172:
7159:
7157:
7155:
6483:
6319:
The dorsal surface of each lamellae is covered by regularly spaced pillar-shaped
6161:
6042:
fossils found in obviously marine deposits, such as the Late Devonian Australian
5069:
4723:
4609:
4035:
3931:
3750:
3322:
990:
914:
7702:
7690:
7477:
4331:
stage (from 323.2 to 315.2 million years ago), two species appeared in Belgium,
4127:
is however represented by a single fragmentary specimen whose identification as
3765:
partly due to there previously not being any solid evidence for the presence of
3548:
by American geologist Carl Colton Branson, with the support of Decker, in 1959.
2348:, but the spikes running alongside the abdomen are noticeably less prominent in
9510:
9346:
9304:
9125:
9052:
9012:
9004:
8928:
8000:"Air Breathing in an Exceptionally Preserved 340-Million-Year-Old Sea Scorpion"
6383:
6354:
6295:
6060:
5975:, which could have major implications for the internal phylogeny of the genus.
5418:
5379:
5343:
5031:
4791:
4743:
4697:
4352:
4251:
4151:
4111:
4067:
4012:
4000:
3486:
3414:
3284:
898:
30:
8676:
8653:"Two New Species of Eurypterus from the Coal-Measures of Ilkeston, Derbyshire"
8635:
8594:
8583:
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
8565:
8516:
8324:
8291:
8262:
8233:
8139:
8128:
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
8082:
8071:
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
8057:
8018:
7169:
7152:
6089:
are found, such as in Early Devonian fossil sites in Germany where fossils of
4131:
or even eurypterine at large is questionable, with it possibly representing a
3013:
in Germany. This specimen was described three years later in 1854 in the work
3010:
2997:, MB.A. 890, as illustrated in its original description by Hermann Jordan and
2211:
can be distinguished by its unusually wide prosoma (in other species, such as
9580:
9353:
9325:
9318:
9290:
9269:
9022:
8961:
8951:
8943:
8897:
8887:
8879:
8835:
8799:
8495:
8446:
8147:
7786:
5865:, as their character states could not be confidently taken into account, and
5467:
5370:
5182:
4860:
4685:
4292:
4227:
4159:
4155:
2252:
1840:
as in other species, but this feature may also simply be due to deformation.
967:
929:
902:
72:
34:
8209:
Denkschriften der KĂśniglich-kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien
8110:
7861:
4617:, restricted to a rapidly disappearing type of environment, became extinct.
4388:, both from SaarbrĂźcken. Further Moscovian-age species include a variety of
4222:
to gain an almost worldwide distribution, with Carboniferous-age fossils of
4191:
Following the extinction of all other swimming eurypterids in the Devonian,
9311:
9143:
9079:
9035:
8910:
8437:
8420:
8027:
7990:
7972:
6378:
6349:
6226:
6217:
such as the Early Permian Madera Formation in New Mexico (where fossils of
5895:
5881:
5432:
5354:
The results of the analysis showed that all the genera featured (including
5337:
5331:
5117:
5045:
4808:
4767:
4713:
4536:
4507:, Portugal and the continued survival of the Carboniferous Chinese species
4300:
4132:
3904:, it has been suggested that these three species could represent synonyms.
3810:
3797:
3613:
since there are no features showing the opposite. Another Belgian species,
2989:
2144:
250:
7523:
7521:
1071:
was, in comparison to larger apex predatory members of the group (such as
9408:
9385:
9283:
8977:
8870:
8808:
8790:
7455:
7453:
7142:
7140:
7138:
7136:
6488:
6405:
6332:
6193:
6125:
6064:
5498:
5347:, was included in the analysis as an outgroup to polarise the characters.
4891:
4693:
4673:
4597:
as well as brackish and fresh water habitats. As their habitat vanished,
4594:
4441:
4312:
4304:
4283:
The Early Carboniferous saw the appearance of a few new species, notably
4163:
3983:
The adelophthalmids likely first appeared in the waters of the continent
3741:
In 2004, the German paleontologist Markus Poschmann referred the species
2802:
2652:
1900:
1202:
918:
910:
181:
47:
8552:
Waterston, Charles D. (1958). "The Scottish Carboniferous Eurypterida".
8104:. Geological Survey of Illinois. Vol. 3: Geology and Palaeontology.
6059:
In general, post-Devonian eurypterids are rare and occur in habitats of
4519:(from 295 to 290.1 million years ago), which also saw the appearance of
4444:
of Italy, the first and hitherto only eurypterid known from the country.
3149:
type specimen in 1934, German paleontologist Paul GuthĂśrl remarked that
3056:
1039:
114:
9524:
9374:
9360:
9339:
9332:
9297:
9138:
8826:
8817:
8766:
8384:
8376:
Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part P Arthropoda 2, Chelicerata
7947:
7518:
7217:
6495:
6320:
6153:
6113:
5314:
5165:
5141:
4585:
being widespread and numerous in these times. In most of the locations
4532:
4328:
4123:
represents the oldest known eurypterid hitherto discovered in Belgium.
4082:
4076:
3996:
3964:
3959:
3815:
3332:
3189:(designated as type, the type specimen consisting of only five tergites
3024:
2947:
2740:
1608:
1515:
1511:
1477:
1380:
1053:
954:
886:
840:
791:
765:
194:
92:
57:
7759:
Bicknell, Russell D. C.; Smith, Patrick M.; Poschmann, Markus (2020).
7645:
7596:
7450:
7133:
6723:
6721:
6719:
5903:
showing ornamentation similar to the one seen in the Hibbertopteridae.
4031:
was eurytopic (capable of surviving in a wide range of environments).
1153:
9451:
9435:
9425:
8784:
7680:
7678:
7676:
7674:
7672:
7465:
7123:
7121:
7119:
7117:
7115:
7113:
7111:
7109:
6717:
6715:
6713:
6711:
6709:
6707:
6705:
6703:
6701:
6699:
6424:
6382:
The same type of age-based segregation of individuals seen in modern
6336:
6324:
6286:
6282:
6238:
6234:
6189:
6129:
habitat preference of the genus as a whole. Indeed, these coal swamp
4603:
4516:
4344:
4336:
4210:
This diversification did not lead to the evolution of any new generaâ
4196:
4094:
3992:
3972:
3935:
3618:
3564:
3201:
3073:
2770:, as well as prominent epimeras in the preabdomen unlike the latter.
2378:
2155:
1829:
1646:
1284:
1194:
1024:
890:
171:
151:
97:
41:
9481:
8652:
8611:
8341:
8066:
7533:
4365:
suggests strong evidence of freshwater deposition in the habitat of
4146:
The eurypterids were one of the groups most heavily affected by the
3709:), but this classification is questionable as the morphology of the
2508:
9504:
9394:
9367:
6433:
6230:
5374:, were (or had the potential to be) monophyletic. The monophyly of
5291:
5093:
4492:
4267:
4063:
3988:
3976:
3873:
3869:
3142:
in Illinois (the first species to be described from North America).
3131:
2845:
2197:
1937:
1837:
1642:
1566:
1186:
1178:
1167:
1091:
1075:), a genus of relatively small eurypterids. The largest species of
986:
982:
87:
82:
67:
62:
52:
7669:
7106:
6696:
6589:
6587:
6585:
6583:
6581:
6579:
6577:
4102:
3505:, referring it to the genus due to similarities with the Scottish
2521:
The fragmentary fossil specimens (consisting of only five tergites
2514:
Originally described as the type species of the synonymized genus
2441:(of similar age and stratigraphical formation in Kansas) in 1959.
2300:
Originally described as the type species of the synonymized genus
1870:
Originally described as the type species of the synonymized genus
7997:
7708:
7696:
7623:
7621:
7619:
7617:
7615:
7613:
7611:
7483:
7182:
7163:
6774:
6772:
6770:
6768:
6766:
6764:
6762:
6760:
6525:
6523:
6521:
6519:
6517:
6442:
6418:
6388:
4504:
4359:
4259:
4247:
4239:
4235:
4140:
4106:
3999:, where most of basal adelophthalmid evolution took place in the
3984:
3968:
3805:
3418:
3309:
3283:) in 1888 based on a fossil recovered by an Edward Wilson of the
3049:, is today held in the arthropod paleontology collections of the
1206:
1084:
971:
963:
102:
77:
8463:
Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique
7804:"New representative of Merostomata from the Lower Carboniferous"
7657:
7574:
7572:
7506:
7271:
4629:
Line drawings depicting the top and bottom sides of a fossil of
3540:
of similar age and a similar stratigraphical horizon in Kansas,
3300:
Portuguese paleontologist Pereira de Lima described the species
2532:
and shows ornamentation more similar to that seen in the family
8778:
8307:
Shpinev, Evgeniy S.; Filimonov, A. N. (2018). "A New Record of
7919:"Ueber die Crustaceen der Steinkohlenformation von SaarbrĂźcken"
7310:
6574:
6222:
6022:
4316:
4271:
4255:
4016:
3785:
3601:
3576:
3502:
3111:("elegant" or "fine") and Ancient Greek δÎĎΟι (Ă°erma, "skin").
2794:
1302:, the spikes running alongside the abdomen being very similar.
1218:
1190:
1061:
933:
161:
8735:
7608:
7077:
7075:
6912:
6910:
6757:
6733:
6514:
3753:
in Germany, to the genus. Poschmann also referred the species
3693:
American paleontologist Roy E. Plotnick referred a species of
3497:) based on a single fossil recovered in New Campbelton in the
3138:, based on fossils recovered in Carboniferous-age deposits at
2758:, differing in a slightly longer and more rounded carapace in
7569:
7423:
7421:
7259:
7207:
7205:
7203:
7096:
7094:
7092:
7090:
7045:
7043:
7003:
7001:
6999:
6997:
6995:
6993:
6991:
6946:
6944:
6942:
6940:
6865:
6863:
6861:
6859:
6745:
6540:
6538:
6328:
4495:(from 298.9 to 295 million years ago), saw the appearance of
4299:
recovered from fossil deposits of Early Carboniferous age in
4275:
4263:
4243:
4231:
3880:, honors the collector of the type specimen, Stefano Piussi.
3865:
3861:
3429:
every known Carboniferous eurypterid to be part of the genus
3015:
Ueber die Crustaceen der Steinkohlenformation von SaarbrĂźcken
2859:, but differing in arrangement of tubercles on the segments.
7300:
7298:
6659:
6657:
6655:
6653:
6651:
6649:
6612:
6610:
6608:
6606:
6604:
6602:
4651:
is classified as part of (and lends its name to) the family
4593:
widespread environments such as the signature Carboniferous
3480:
in 1920, based on fossils discovered in Zhaozezhuang, China.
1713:(differing in size and having a relatively longer prosoma),
1102:
at 15 cm, 6 in), the Carboniferous (the aforementioned
7633:
7584:
7557:
7545:
7072:
6978:
6976:
6963:
6961:
6959:
6907:
6822:
6820:
6818:
6803:
6674:
6672:
6647:
6645:
6643:
6641:
6639:
6637:
6635:
6633:
6631:
6629:
6340:
6323:
located between each lamellae, leaving a space filled with
6124:
fossils are recovered in strata bearing coal (indicating a
4440:
has been recovered from Late Carboniferous deposits in the
4162:. All of these were non-marine groups. Whilst the suborder
2746:
Originally described as a species of the synonymized genus
2621:
Originally described as a species of the synonymized genus
2384:
Originally described as a species of the synonymized genus
2203:
A medium-sized species closely related to other species of
2094:
Originally described as a species of the synonymized genus
1614:
Originally described as a species of the synonymized genus
1572:
Originally described as a species of the synonymized genus
1483:
Originally described as a species of the synonymized genus
1432:
Originally described as a species of the synonymized genus
1340:
Originally described as a species of the synonymized genus
1205:
refers to all segments after the carapace, essentially the
985:
fossil seemingly represented an eyeless eurypterid, with a
937:
7418:
7406:
7249:
7247:
7234:
7232:
7200:
7087:
7040:
7030:
7028:
7013:
6988:
6937:
6897:
6895:
6893:
6880:
6878:
6856:
6844:
6793:
6791:
6789:
6787:
6535:
6499:âanother eurypterid with an almost worldwide distribution.
6046:, might have been transported from their original habitat.
5407:
where this appendage is known possess one that is thinner.
4589:
was present it appears to have been similar ecologically.
3215:
The second species to be described from North America was
3064:, formerly considered to be the type species of the genus
8196:
Ninth International Geological Congress, Urbana, Illinois
7440:
7438:
7436:
7346:
7295:
7283:
7188:
6927:
6925:
6832:
4601:
dwindled in number. Whilst some stylonurine eurypterids (
3617:, was described by Pruvost in 1939 based on fossils from
2961:(where they are more rounded). Other differences between
2957:
are more angular in comparison to other species, such as
897:
have been discovered in deposits ranging in age from the
8391:
7527:
7496:
7494:
7492:
7334:
7223:
6973:
6956:
6815:
6669:
6626:
6550:
4569:
over the course of the late Devonian and Carboniferous.
4556:) were most similar to the very earliest known species,
3713:
specimen is not consistent with that otherwise known of
8115:
The Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences
8042:
7869:
Dunlop, Jason A.; Penney, David; Jekel, Denise (2018).
7651:
7602:
7459:
7370:
7358:
7244:
7229:
7146:
7062:
7060:
7058:
7025:
6890:
6875:
6784:
6221:
have been recovered) preserve other organisms, such as
4477:
Drawings of the ventral and dorsal sides of fossils of
4019:) deposits of the Klerf Formation in Wilwerath (in the
3896:
is known from similar stratigraphic levels to those of
3658:
where the ventral morphology is not yet known. A genus
3372:
put the species at 12 cm (4.7 in) in length.
3353:
in England. Woodward compared the singular specimen of
3157:
were so similar that they would have been synonyms had
7871:"A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives"
7758:
7539:
7433:
7394:
7322:
6922:
5963:
The precise taxonomy and status of the species within
4195:
became the most common of all eurypterids of the late
4154:, eurypterids were rare in marine environments by the
3368:
Despite this, the latest available size estimates for
8098:
Meek, Fielding Bradford; Worthen, Amos Henry (1868).
7489:
7382:
6160:, located 1,500 km (930 miles) southwards. With
4351:
has been reported from deposits of Bashkirian age in
4023:), Germany, then part of Avalonia within Euramerica.
3887:
based in many well-preserved specimens. Found in the
1189:. The eyes were reniform (bean-shaped) and the small
1165:
Like most eurypterids (with some exceptions, such as
8711:
8342:"On a New Eurypterid from the Belgian Coal Measures"
7277:
7055:
6684:
6562:
6454:
4150:, following a major decline in diversity during the
1201:
was oval in shape, with the first opisthosomal (the
1126:
was the most abundant, including the "medium-sized"
257:
8723:
7316:
5269:
4436:from Zhaozezhuang, China. Furthermore, the species
4171:becoming the sole survivor of the entire suborder.
1717:(differing in size and having a narrower prosoma),
7761:"Re-evaluating evidence of Australian eurypterids"
6361:The presence of trabeculae also confirms that the
5861:The analysis left out many fragmentary species of
3650:, some, such as van Oyen in 1956, have considered
3266:based on fossils also recovered from Pennsylvania.
1725:(differing in a smaller and narrower prosoma) and
1181:(the segment covering the prosoma, the "head") of
8476:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
7868:
6727:
4101:, known from fossil deposits at Pont de Bonne in
3860:became the first eurypterid to be described from
3536:specimen was virtually identical to specimens of
3227:in 1877. That same year, American paleontologist
3223:), by Meek and Worthen from the coal-measures of
9578:
8306:
7808:State University of Kiev, Geological Collections
7663:
7512:
7471:
6593:
5978:
5302:The internal phylogeny and relationships within
4058:had already become widespread, with the species
3911:from the Tournaisian stage of (most likely) the
3433:(among them several species today recognized as
2219:, the prosoma is largely as long as wide but in
2120:, a contemporary species from the same location.
1721:(differing in size and having a wider prosoma),
8502:
7916:
7818:
7684:
7127:
6778:
6739:
6529:
6327:(a fluid found in arthropods, analogous to the
6250:with few eurypterids, possibly indicating that
6140:For instance, the latest surviving examples of
5313:may be better placed within a new genus in the
4066:(~382.2 to 372.2 million years old) age in the
3181:represented the fossil remains of a cockroach.
2223:it is considerably more wide than it is long).
1027:. The genus as it is currently seen may form a
1023:" with poorly known internal relationships and
8554:Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
8189:
8067:"The Anatomy and Relations of the EurypteridĂŚ"
7954:
7819:Clarke, John Mason; Ruedemann, Rudolf (1912).
7578:
6751:
6616:
6004:Additionally, most of the species referred to
3037:, meaning "no obvious eye". The species name,
2340:and then transferred to the synonymized genus
8751:
8453:
8108:
7955:Lamsdell, James C.; Braddy, Simon J. (2009).
7895:
7639:
7590:
7563:
7551:
6809:
6544:
3967:, composed of the once individual continents
2965:and the type species is the ornamentation of
1701:A slightly larger than medium-sized species,
1118:at 15 cm, 6 in) and during the Permian (
981:means "no obvious eye", referencing that the
8418:
7917:Jordan, Hermann; von Meyer, Hermann (1854).
7304:
7289:
7265:
7007:
6916:
6678:
6663:
6556:
6335:) in each. Trabeculae are commonly found in
4696:suborder of eurypterids (Adelophthalmoidea,
4535:(290.1 to 283.5 million years ago) stage of
4074:, the only eurypterid with the exception of
3942:allowed researchers to examine parts of its
1209:) having a reduced length and being tapered
8612:"Note on Eurypterus from the Carboniferous"
8346:Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society
8097:
7933:
7748:Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada
7627:
7412:
7049:
7019:
5997:), meeting every criterion to be dubbed a "
8758:
8744:
8699:
8419:Tetlie, O. Erik; Dunlop, Jason A. (2005).
7896:Hallam, Anthony; Wignall, Paul B. (1997).
7884:
7801:
7340:
7328:
6838:
4135:eurypterid instead. Devonian specimens of
2388:. The spikes running along the abdomen of
928:have been described from four continents;
113:
9642:Carboniferous arthropods of North America
8580:
8551:
8436:
8409:
8190:Romano, Marco; MelĂŠndez, Bermudo (1985).
8180:
8162:
8017:
7980:
7238:
7211:
6982:
6826:
5971:and the second oldest described species,
5880:as it is currently understood may form a
4655:, the only family within the superfamily
2007:A medium-sized and poorly known species,
8650:
8609:
8454:Tetlie, O. Erik; van Roy, Peter (2006).
8339:
7376:
7364:
7253:
7081:
7034:
6901:
6884:
6377:
6373:
6120:stages of the Carboniferous, from which
6016:
5893:supposedly being similar to the obscure
5285:
5273:
4636:
4624:
4178:
4139:have allegedly also been recovered from
3958:
3728:
3571:was first described formally in 1952 as
3516:1924 saw the description of the species
3321:
3262:) together with American paleontologist
3055:
2988:
2766:has a shorter and rounder carapace than
1152:
1038:
8372:
8277:
8248:
8219:
7724:
7444:
7427:
7400:
7100:
6950:
6869:
6850:
6690:
6568:
6112:in freshwater habitats occurred in the
4515:lasted until the subsequent stage, the
4062:having been recovered from deposits of
3949:
3724:
3465:honors the prominent Belgian geologist
2984:
1197:(a large plate part of the abdomen) of
9579:
8473:
8064:
7839:
7825:. University of California Libraries.
7500:
7388:
7352:
7194:
5986:contains a large amount of species (33
3600:based in one single specimen from the
3499:Municipality of the County of Victoria
2979:
2973:being markedly more slender in shape.
1217:ended with a long and sharp styliform
588:Lamsdell, Simonetto & Selden, 2013
9486:
9485:
8739:
8531:
8373:Størmer, Leif (1955). "Merostomata".
8206:
8125:
7652:Lamsdell, Simonetto & Selden 2013
7603:Lamsdell, Simonetto & Selden 2013
7460:Lamsdell, Simonetto & Selden 2013
7147:Lamsdell, Simonetto & Selden 2013
7066:
6967:
6931:
6203:
6156:and drainage of the basin was to the
5335:, part of a clade that also contains
4548:, the final stragglers of the genus (
3821:Shpinev described two new species of
3745:first described as part of the genus
3053:under the specimen number MB.A. 890.
2897:Originally described as a species of
2851:Originally described as a species of
2800:Originally described as a species of
2704:Originally described as a species of
2471:Originally described as a species of
2336:Originally described as a species of
2250:Originally described as a species of
2247:Latest Carboniferous â Early Permian
2161:Originally described as a species of
1775:Originally described as a species of
1652:Originally described as a species of
1521:Originally described as a species of
1386:Originally described as a species of
1290:Originally described as a species of
1134:(12 cm, 4.7 in) and the smaller
7899:Mass Extinctions and Their Aftermath
7741:
7540:Bicknell, Smith & Poschmann 2020
6797:
6067:, having migrated from the marginal
4050:, are the earliest known species of
3317:
3254:In 1888, Hall described the species
1791:they point backwards and outwards).
1344:. The posterior swimming paddles of
9657:Permian arthropods of North America
8505:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
6487:âthe last known surviving walking (
6392:, pictured) has been inferred from
6180:Later fossil localities containing
4727:, sharing similar carapace shapes.
4109:. Alongside a Famennian species of
3847:Borissiak Paleontological Institute
3544:was designated a junior synonym of
2437:was synonymized with the identical
1228:
1067:Though the largest adelophthalmid,
13:
9672:Paleozoic animals of North America
9637:Carboniferous arthropods of Europe
3833:(the name deriving from the Latin
3557:Eurypterus (Anthraconectes) Zadrai
3349:) based on fossils recovered from
3341:In 1907, Henry Woodward described
3114:In 1868, American paleontologists
14:
9683:
8358:10.1144/GSL.JGS.1915.071.01-04.24
4620:
3922:. For this reason, it was called
2554:Lamsdell, Simonetto & Selden
1709:. The species is most similar to
1157:Size comparison of 11 species of
9468:
9467:
9164:
8411:10.1111/j.0031-0239.2004.00390.x
8182:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2005.00528.x
8111:"The Habitat of the Eurypterida"
6457:
5270:Internal phylogeny and monophyly
4467:
4458:
4311:known from fossil deposits near
4174:
4003:. The earliest known species of
3963:Map of the Devonian landmass of
3326:Drawing of the type specimen of
3308:) in 1890 based on fossils from
3247:) based on fossils recovered in
3051:Natural History Museum of Berlin
2762:. Other related species such as
2396:(with the possible exception of
2116:was considerably different from
1110:at 20 cm, 7.9 in, and both
138:
45:
9457:Timeline of eurypterid research
8765:
7717:
6728:Dunlop, Penney & Jekel 2018
6478:Timeline of eurypterid research
6312:suggest that the book gills of
6241:. The thin and long paddles of
6012:
4392:from Europe and North America;
4226:having been recovered from the
4093:known from the Devonian is the
3934:who, together with her husband
3845:, Russia and now housed at the
2909:are less pointed than those of
958:. The territorial expansion of
8379:. University of Kansas Press.
7885:Goldenberg, Friedrich (1873).
7880:. Natural History Museum Bern.
6268:
5368:was assigned to the new genus
4572:As with many other species of
4148:Late Devonian extinction event
3563:in 1930 based on fossils from
3390:in 1914 by American geologist
3330:from its 1915 description (as
3173:) in 1873 to replace the name
2270:point backwards and outwards.
1234:Braddy unless otherwise noted.
1034:
997:would have possessed in life.
889:, an extinct group of aquatic
1:
9622:Devonian arthropods of Europe
7802:Chernyshev, Boris I. (1948).
6503:
5979:Status as a wastebasket taxon
4487:The Permian fossil record of
4404:from Vlkhys, Czech Republic,
4034:Three other species from the
3701:(first described in 1889) to
2447:Adelophthalmus pennsylvanicus
2344:. This species is similar to
1142:(both at 8 cm, 3.1 in),
456:Shpinev & Filimonov, 2018
9652:Permian arthropods of Europe
9597:Eurypterids of North America
8488:10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.05.011
8109:O'Connell, Marjorie (1916).
7664:Shpinev & Filimonov 2018
7513:Shpinev & Filimonov 2018
7472:Shpinev & Filimonov 2018
6594:Shpinev & Filimonov 2018
6508:
4544:Out of all known species of
3225:Venango County, Pennsylvania
3041:, is derived from the latin
2169:is questionably referred to
271:Jordan & von Meyer, 1854
244:Jordan & von Mayer, 1854
16:Genus of arthropods (fossil)
7:
8693:
7902:. Oxford University Press.
7842:American Journal of Science
7822:The Eurypterida of New York
7685:Tetlie & Poschmann 2008
7128:Tetlie & Poschmann 2008
6779:Tetlie & Poschmann 2008
6740:Clarke & Ruedemann 1912
6530:Jordan & von Meyer 1854
6450:
4424:from Radstock, England and
3954:
3520:by American paleontologist
3437:, such as the type species
3096:likely was synonymous with
2410:Adelophthalmus oklahomensis
2360:Adelophthalmus nebraskensis
2262:is perhaps most similar to
1976:Adelophthalmus kamyshtensis
1439:Designated as a synonym of
1306:can be differentiated from
1266:Adelophthalmus approximatus
1060:were small and streamlined
909:was the final genus of the
10:
9688:
9662:Permian arthropods of Asia
9627:Devonian life of Australia
9612:Devonian first appearances
8713:"Latin Lexicon â granosus"
8532:Wills, Leonard J. (1964).
8163:Poschmann, Markus (2006).
7731:Nebraska Geological Survey
7725:Barbour, Erwin H. (1914).
7579:Lamsdell & Braddy 2009
6752:Romano & MelĂŠndez 1985
6617:Lamsdell & Braddy 2009
5567:Nanahughmilleria norvegica
5364:, where the basal species
4449:
4089:The only other species of
4086:known from the continent.
3769:as early as the Devonian.
3402:) as a freshwater animal.
2528:is unusually large for an
2179:Adelophthalmus luceroensis
2056:might represent synonyms.
1970:might represent synonyms.
1911:Adelophthalmus khakassicus
1832:(a feature shared only by
1745:might represent synonyms.
1493:Adelophthalmus carbonarius
1408:Adelophthalmus caledonicus
1354:Adelophthalmus bradorensis
1007:) to 32 cm (12.6 in,
600:(Kjellesvig-Waering, 1948)
528:(Meek & Worthen, 1868)
9667:Permian genus extinctions
9632:Carboniferous eurypterids
9494:
9465:
9444:
9418:
9384:
9254:
9211:
9173:
9162:
9124:
9106:
9088:
9060:
9049:
9021:
9003:
8985:
8974:
8942:
8919:
8896:
8878:
8867:
8859:List of eurypterid genera
8851:
8844:
8773:
8725:"Latin Lexicon â lepidus"
8677:10.1017/S0016756800133515
8636:10.1017/S0016756800182494
8595:10.1017/s0080456800014472
8566:10.1017/S0080456800009492
8517:10.1017/S1477201907002416
8340:Stainier, Xavier (1915).
8325:10.1134/S0031030118130129
8292:10.1134/S0031030114030162
8263:10.1134/S0031030112050103
8234:10.1134/S0031030106040083
8140:10.1017/S0080456800026569
8083:10.1017/S0080456800032713
8019:10.1016/j.cub.2020.08.034
7640:Tetlie & van Roy 2006
7591:Tetlie & van Roy 2006
7564:Hallam & Wignall 1997
7552:Tetlie & van Roy 2006
6621:Supplementary information
6545:Tetlie & van Roy 2006
6473:List of eurypterid genera
6400:In the Madera Formation,
5753:
5736:
5729:
5712:
5705:
5688:
5681:
5664:
5657:
5640:
5633:
5616:
5609:
5587:
5580:
5563:
5556:
5516:Pittsfordipterus phelpsae
5512:
5495:
5488:
5481:
5464:
5457:
5450:
5429:
5422:
5378:was supported by several
5358:), with the exception of
5179:
5162:
5155:
5138:
5131:
5114:
5107:
5090:
5083:
5066:
5059:
5042:
5035:
4979:
4962:
4955:
4938:
4931:
4905:
4888:
4881:
4874:
4857:
4850:
4840:
4805:
4788:
4781:
4764:
4757:
4747:
4432:in Pennsylvania, USA and
4287:, the earliest record of
3493:in 1922 (as a species of
3461:today). The species name
3457:(both seen as species of
3221:Eurypterus pennsylvanicus
3161:possessed eyes. The name
3124:Anthraconectes mazonensis
2824:Adelophthalmus waterstoni
2481:Adelophthalmus perornatus
2276:Adelophthalmus mazonensis
2229:Adelophthalmus mansfieldi
1348:were particularly large.
1259:
1256:
1130:(13 cm, 5.1 in) and
1098:at 18 cm, 7 in, and
703:
696:
300:(Hall & Clarke, 1888)
281:
276:
256:
249:
135:Scientific classification
133:
121:
112:
23:
8651:Woodward, Henry (1907).
8610:Woodward, Henry (1888).
8101:Paleontology of Illinois
8065:Laurie, Malcolm (1895).
7891:. Chr. MĂśllinger Verlag.
7787:10.1016/j.gr.2020.06.002
7742:Bell, Walter A. (1922).
7305:Tetlie & Dunlop 2005
7290:Tetlie & Dunlop 2005
7278:Latin Lexicon â granosus
7266:Tetlie & Dunlop 2005
7008:Tetlie & Dunlop 2005
6917:Tetlie & Dunlop 2005
6679:Tetlie & Dunlop 2005
6664:Tetlie & Dunlop 2005
6557:Tetlie & Dunlop 2005
6257:The localities in which
6108:The largest presence of
6074:Parahughmilleria hefteri
5591:Parahughmilleria hefteri
4416:from Pennsylvania, USA,
4400:from Radstock, England,
3800:, the only others being
3717:The differences include
3518:Anthraconectes sellardsi
3478:Anthraconectes chinensis
3306:Adelophthalmus douvillei
3167:Polyzosternites raniceps
3090:August Emanuel von Reuss
2953:The abdominal spikes of
2776:Adelophthalmus sievertsi
2714:Adelophthalmus sellardsi
2207:found in North America,
1915:Shpinev & Filimonov
1624:Adelophthalmus douvillei
1547:Adelophthalmus chinensis
1260:Notes & description
1244:
1146:(7 cm, 2.8 in) and
948:might have had a nearly
728:Meek & Worthen, 1868
504:Kues & Kietzke, 1981
8313:Paleontological Journal
8280:Paleontological Journal
8251:Paleontological Journal
8222:Paleontological Journal
8058:10.13130/2039-4942/6029
7936:Journal of Paleontology
7862:10.2475/ajs.s5-7.39.171
7628:Kues & Kietzke 1981
7413:Kues & Kietzke 1981
7317:Latin Lexicon â lepidus
7050:Meek & Worthen 1868
7020:Kues & Kietzke 1981
5403:. All other species of
4659:, alongside the genera
4412:from Blaengarw, Wales,
4373:) species from Canada.
4369:, a Radstockian (Upper
4355:of the Czech Republic.
4347:, and a third species,
3889:Ilemorovskaya Formation
3626:All synonymous genera;
3561:Anthraconectes cambieri
3472:The American geologist
3357:to fossil specimens of
3260:Eurypterus approximatus
3249:Cannelton, Pennsylvania
3200:, by British geologist
3107:derives from the Latin
2680:Adelophthalmus raniceps
2589:Adelophthalmus pruvosti
2062:Adelophthalmus kidstoni
1797:Adelophthalmus granosus
1565:Latest Carboniferous â
1451:Adelophthalmus cambieri
1316:Adelophthalmus asturica
944:, which indicates that
262:Adelophthalmus granosus
9602:Eurypterids of Oceania
8438:10.1002/mmng.200410001
7973:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0700
6397:
6296:Onychopterella augusti
6093:have been discovered,
6030:
5499:Bassipterus virginicus
5322:with common practice.
5299:
5283:
4645:
4634:
4396:from dâAblana, Spain,
4188:
3995:and form the landmass
3980:
3924:Adelophthalmus pyrrhae
3755:Rhenopterus waterstoni
3738:
3489:described the species
3476:described the species
3474:Amadeus William Grabau
3417:at a new coalfield in
3347:Adelophthalmus moyseyi
3338:
3281:Adelophthalmus wilsoni
3275:described the species
3271:The English geologist
3231:described the species
3169:, today recognized as
3116:Fielding Bradford Meek
3077:
3005:The first specimen of
3002:
2865:Adelophthalmus wilsoni
2631:Adelophthalmus pyrrhae
2550:Adelophthalmus piussii
2312:Adelophthalmus moyseyi
2128:Adelophthalmus lohesti
1751:Adelophthalmus dumonti
1582:Adelophthalmus corneti
1162:
1047:
9607:Eurypterids of Europe
9559:Paleobiology Database
7474:, pp. 1553â1559.
6381:
6374:Age-based segregation
6275:X-ray microtomography
6085:and early species of
6020:
5468:Eysyslopterus patteni
5289:
5277:
4640:
4628:
4358:The abundance of the
4319:). The appearance of
4182:
3962:
3843:Republic of Khakassia
3732:
3642:, were subsumed into
3573:Adelophthalmus zadrai
3551:The type specimen of
3345:(today recognized as
3325:
3293:Eurypterus mansfieldi
3059:
2993:The type specimen of
2992:
2921:Adelophthalmus zadrai
1882:Adelophthalmus irinae
1846:Adelophthalmus imhofi
1662:Adelophthalmus dubius
1156:
1150:(6 cm, 2.4 in).
1042:
664:(Tetlie et al., 2004)
9617:Devonian eurypterids
7878:World Spider Catalog
7709:Lamsdell et al. 2020
7697:Lamsdell et al. 2020
7484:Lamsdell et al. 2020
7183:Lamsdell et al. 2020
7164:Lamsdell et al. 2020
5993:and the superfamily
4499:in New Mexico, USA,
4408:from Illinois, USA,
4021:Rhineland-Palatinate
3950:Evolutionary history
3725:Twenty-first century
3670:Lepidoderma asturica
3585:Lepidoderma pruvosti
3302:Eurypterus douvillei
3291:(then classified as
3145:After examining the
2985:Earliest discoveries
2936:Possible synonym of
2880:Possible synonym of
2729:Possible synonym of
2604:Possible synonym of
2077:Possible synonym of
1926:Possible synonym of
1809:Valid, type species
1729:(differing in size).
1679:Possible synonym of
1597:Possible synonym of
1466:Possible synonym of
1369:Possible synonym of
1043:Life restoration of
9647:Permian eurypterids
9592:Eurypterids of Asia
8669:1907GeoM....4..277W
8657:Geological Magazine
8628:1888GeoM....5..419W
8616:Geological Magazine
7854:1924AmJS....7..171D
7779:2020GondR..86..164B
7687:, pp. 241â243.
7630:, pp. 725â728.
7430:, pp. 431â433.
7355:, pp. 526â527.
7197:, pp. 200â201.
7130:, pp. 239â241.
7103:, pp. 201â203.
7084:, pp. 279â281.
6970:, pp. 517â522.
6953:, pp. 470â473.
6872:, pp. 473â474.
6853:, pp. 288â291.
6800:, pp. 164â165.
6465:Paleontology portal
6358:from the Devonian.
6309:Tachypleus syriacus
6021:Fossil abdomen and
4420:from Lens, France,
3913:Lydiennes Formation
3778:Nazarovsky District
3485:Canadian geologist
3130:being designated a
3068:, exhibited at the
2980:History of research
2593:Kjellesvig-Waering
2568:Late Carboniferous
2280:Meek & Worthen
2183:Kues & Kietzke
2016:is most similar to
1394:is most similar to
122:Fossil specimen of
8987:Onychopterelloidea
7528:Tetlie et al. 2004
7224:Tetlie et al. 2004
6398:
6204:Diet and predation
6158:Paleo-Tethys Ocean
6031:
5300:
5284:
4646:
4635:
4523:in Nebraska, USA.
4205:Late Carboniferous
4189:
4097:(latest Devonian)
3981:
3944:respiratory system
3928:Pyrrha of Thessaly
3872:and consists of a
3782:Krasnoyarsk Region
3739:
3411:Eurypterus dumonti
3351:Radstock, Somerset
3343:Eurypterus moyseyi
3339:
3277:Eurypterus wilsoni
3120:Amos Henry Worthen
3086:Lepidoderma imhofi
3078:
3070:Senckenberg Museum
3003:
2969:being coarser and
2754:seems to resemble
1779:. Very similar to
1270:Hall & Clarke
1163:
1048:
1029:monophyletic group
628:(Goldenberg, 1873)
9587:Adelophthalmoidea
9574:
9573:
9546:Open Tree of Life
9488:Taxon identifiers
9479:
9478:
9160:
9159:
9156:
9155:
9152:
9151:
9108:Adelophthalmoidea
9090:Waeringopteroidea
9062:Carcinosomatoidea
8995:Onychopterellidae
8970:
8969:
8319:(13): 1553â1560.
8012:(21): 4316â4321.
7923:Palaeontographica
7766:Gondwana Research
7268:, pp. 10â11.
7214:, pp. 80â81.
6934:, pp. 81â83.
6200:
6177:
6166:Panthalassa Ocean
6137:
6105:
6050:
6035:Adelophthalmoidea
5999:wastebasket taxon
5907:
5874:
5858:
5857:
5849:
5848:
5840:
5839:
5831:
5830:
5822:
5821:
5813:
5812:
5804:
5803:
5795:
5794:
5786:
5785:
5777:
5776:
5768:
5767:
5545:
5544:
5536:
5535:
5527:
5526:
5411:
5386:
5351:
5266:
5265:
5257:
5256:
5248:
5247:
5239:
5238:
5230:
5229:
5221:
5220:
5212:
5211:
5203:
5202:
5194:
5193:
5021:
5020:
5012:
5011:
5003:
5002:
4994:
4993:
4920:
4919:
4847:Adelophthalmoidea
4829:
4828:
4820:
4819:
4754:Waeringopteroidea
4736:
4708:
4657:Adelophthalmoidea
4531:, known from the
4414:A. pennsylvanicus
4072:Western Australia
3668:was described as
3509:and the American
3451:E. pennsylvanicus
3447:A. pennsylvanicus
3378:was described as
3318:Twentieth century
3264:John Mason Clarke
3217:A. pennsylvanicus
3019:Hermann von Meyer
2999:Hermann von Meyer
2977:
2976:
2940:
2884:
2733:
2608:
2574:is unique within
2544:
2501:
2148:
2081:
2004:
1997:
1978:
1930:
1836:) and not on the
1733:
1698:
1691:
1683:
1664:
1601:
1470:
1373:
1140:A. pennsylvanicus
1021:wastebasket taxon
977:The generic name
878:
877:
871:
860:
848:
834:
822:
811:
799:
785:
773:
759:
747:
738:
729:
720:
709:
689:
677:
665:
653:
641:
629:
617:
601:
589:
577:
565:
559:A. pennsylvanicus
553:
541:
529:
517:
505:
493:
481:
469:
457:
445:
433:
421:
409:
397:
385:
373:
361:
349:
337:
325:
313:
301:
287:
245:
208:Adelophthalmoidea
40:407.6â283.5
9679:
9567:
9566:
9554:
9553:
9541:
9540:
9528:
9527:
9515:
9514:
9513:
9483:
9482:
9471:
9470:
9445:Related articles
9402:Merostomichnites
9168:
9116:Adelophthalmidae
9098:Waeringopteridae
9070:Carcinosomatidae
9058:
9057:
9041:Strobilopteridae
8983:
8982:
8957:Hibbertopteridae
8906:Parastylonuridae
8876:
8875:
8849:
8848:
8760:
8753:
8746:
8737:
8736:
8732:
8729:latinlexicon.org
8720:
8717:latinlexicon.org
8708:
8701:"Glosbe â δÎĎΟι"
8688:
8647:
8606:
8577:
8548:
8538:
8528:
8499:
8482:(3â4): 557â574.
8470:
8460:
8450:
8440:
8415:
8413:
8388:
8369:
8352:(1â4): 639â647.
8336:
8303:
8274:
8245:
8216:
8203:
8186:
8184:
8159:
8122:
8105:
8094:
8061:
8039:
8021:
7994:
7984:
7951:
7930:
7913:
7892:
7881:
7875:
7865:
7836:
7815:
7798:
7755:
7738:
7712:
7706:
7700:
7694:
7688:
7682:
7667:
7661:
7655:
7649:
7643:
7637:
7631:
7625:
7606:
7600:
7594:
7588:
7582:
7576:
7567:
7561:
7555:
7549:
7543:
7537:
7531:
7525:
7516:
7510:
7504:
7498:
7487:
7481:
7475:
7469:
7463:
7457:
7448:
7442:
7431:
7425:
7416:
7410:
7404:
7398:
7392:
7386:
7380:
7374:
7368:
7362:
7356:
7350:
7344:
7338:
7332:
7326:
7320:
7314:
7308:
7302:
7293:
7287:
7281:
7275:
7269:
7263:
7257:
7251:
7242:
7236:
7227:
7221:
7215:
7209:
7198:
7192:
7186:
7180:
7167:
7161:
7150:
7144:
7131:
7125:
7104:
7098:
7085:
7079:
7070:
7064:
7053:
7047:
7038:
7032:
7023:
7017:
7011:
7005:
6986:
6980:
6971:
6965:
6954:
6948:
6935:
6929:
6920:
6914:
6905:
6899:
6888:
6882:
6873:
6867:
6854:
6848:
6842:
6836:
6830:
6824:
6813:
6807:
6801:
6795:
6782:
6776:
6755:
6749:
6743:
6737:
6731:
6730:, p. 24â25.
6725:
6694:
6688:
6682:
6676:
6667:
6661:
6624:
6614:
6597:
6591:
6572:
6566:
6560:
6554:
6548:
6542:
6533:
6532:, pp. 1â15.
6527:
6467:
6462:
6461:
6460:
6305:
6197:
6174:
6134:
6102:
6095:Parahughmilleria
6083:Parahughmilleria
6047:
5995:Adelopthalmoidea
5904:
5886:phylogenetically
5871:
5732:
5731:
5708:
5707:
5684:
5683:
5660:
5659:
5636:
5635:
5612:
5611:
5583:
5582:
5559:
5558:
5491:
5490:
5484:
5483:
5460:
5459:
5453:
5452:
5447:Adelophthalmidae
5425:
5424:
5415:
5414:
5408:
5401:Nanahughmilleria
5396:Parahughmilleria
5383:
5361:Nanahughmilleria
5348:
5158:
5157:
5134:
5133:
5110:
5109:
5086:
5085:
5062:
5061:
5038:
5037:
4966:Parahughmilleria
4958:
4957:
4942:Nanahughmilleria
4934:
4933:
4909:Pittsfordipterus
4884:
4883:
4877:
4876:
4853:
4852:
4843:
4842:
4784:
4783:
4760:
4759:
4750:
4749:
4740:
4739:
4733:
4705:
4702:waeringopteroids
4680:Pittsfordipterus
4668:Nanahughmilleria
4662:Parahughmilleria
4653:Adelophthalmidae
4471:
4462:
4303:) and Asia (the
3930:, a figure from
3683:Madera Formation
3522:Carl Owen Dunbar
3392:Erwin H. Barbour
3235:(under the name
3035:, Adelophthalmus
2950:(Carboniferous)
2935:
2894:(Carboniferous)
2879:
2728:
2701:(Carboniferous)
2655:(Carboniferous)
2618:(Carboniferous)
2603:
2541:
2534:Hibbertopteridae
2511:(Carboniferous)
2495:
2468:(Carboniferous)
2333:(Carboniferous)
2297:(Carboniferous)
2142:
2091:(Carboniferous)
2076:
2001:
1994:
1977:
1925:
1903:(Carboniferous)
1867:(Carboniferous)
1818:(Carboniferous)
1772:(Carboniferous)
1730:
1695:
1688:
1678:
1663:
1611:(Carboniferous)
1596:
1518:(Carboniferous)
1480:(Carboniferous)
1465:
1383:(Carboniferous)
1368:
1239:
1238:
1229:Table of species
1174:Rhinocarcinosoma
869:
855:
846:
829:
820:
806:
797:
780:
771:
754:
745:
737:Goldenberg, 1873
736:
727:
718:
707:
687:
676:(Woodward, 1888)
675:
663:
651:
639:
627:
611:
599:
587:
575:
563:
551:
540:(Woodward, 1907)
539:
527:
515:
503:
492:(Dewalque, 1889)
491:
479:
467:
455:
443:
431:
419:
408:(Stainier, 1915)
407:
395:
383:
371:
359:
348:Chernyshev, 1933
347:
335:
323:
312:(Melendez, 1971)
311:
299:
285:
259:
239:
232:
221:Adelophthalmidae
219:
206:
193:
143:
142:
117:
107:
44:
29:Temporal range:
21:
20:
9687:
9686:
9682:
9681:
9680:
9678:
9677:
9676:
9577:
9576:
9575:
9570:
9562:
9557:
9549:
9544:
9536:
9531:
9523:
9518:
9509:
9508:
9503:
9490:
9480:
9475:
9461:
9440:
9431:Chasmataspidida
9414:
9380:
9277:Campylocephalus
9250:
9207:
9169:
9148:
9134:Hughmilleriidae
9120:
9102:
9084:
9075:Megalograptidae
9051:
9045:
9031:Dolichopteridae
9017:
9005:Moselopteroidea
8999:
8976:
8966:
8952:Drepanopteridae
8938:
8934:Hardieopteridae
8921:Kokomopteroidea
8915:
8892:
8869:
8863:
8840:
8769:
8764:
8696:
8691:
8536:
8458:
8005:Current Biology
7961:Biology Letters
7910:
7873:
7848:(39): 171â209.
7833:
7720:
7715:
7711:, pp. 3â4.
7707:
7703:
7699:, pp. 2â3.
7695:
7691:
7683:
7670:
7666:, p. 1555.
7662:
7658:
7650:
7646:
7638:
7634:
7626:
7609:
7601:
7597:
7589:
7585:
7577:
7570:
7562:
7558:
7550:
7546:
7538:
7534:
7526:
7519:
7515:, p. 1553.
7511:
7507:
7499:
7490:
7486:, pp. 1â5.
7482:
7478:
7470:
7466:
7458:
7451:
7443:
7434:
7426:
7419:
7411:
7407:
7399:
7395:
7387:
7383:
7375:
7371:
7363:
7359:
7351:
7347:
7341:Goldenberg 1873
7339:
7335:
7327:
7323:
7315:
7311:
7303:
7296:
7288:
7284:
7276:
7272:
7264:
7260:
7252:
7245:
7237:
7230:
7222:
7218:
7210:
7201:
7193:
7189:
7181:
7170:
7162:
7153:
7145:
7134:
7126:
7107:
7099:
7088:
7080:
7073:
7065:
7056:
7048:
7041:
7033:
7026:
7018:
7014:
7006:
6989:
6985:, pp. 3â4.
6981:
6974:
6966:
6957:
6949:
6938:
6930:
6923:
6919:, pp. 7â8.
6915:
6908:
6900:
6891:
6883:
6876:
6868:
6857:
6849:
6845:
6839:Chernyshev 1948
6837:
6833:
6825:
6816:
6808:
6804:
6796:
6785:
6777:
6758:
6750:
6746:
6738:
6734:
6726:
6697:
6689:
6685:
6677:
6670:
6662:
6627:
6615:
6600:
6596:, p. 1559.
6592:
6575:
6567:
6563:
6555:
6551:
6543:
6536:
6528:
6515:
6511:
6506:
6484:Campylocephalus
6463:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6384:horseshoe crabs
6376:
6303:
6271:
6239:spirorbid worms
6215:Adelophthalmus,
6206:
6146:SaarâNahe Basin
6051:In the case of
6015:
5991:Adelopthalmidae
5981:
5859:
5850:
5841:
5832:
5823:
5814:
5805:
5796:
5787:
5778:
5769:
5546:
5537:
5528:
5272:
5267:
5258:
5249:
5240:
5231:
5222:
5213:
5204:
5195:
5070:Herefordopterus
5022:
5013:
5004:
4995:
4921:
4830:
4821:
4724:Herefordopterus
4623:
4610:Campylocephalus
4539:in Kansas, USA.
4525:A. nebraskensis
4521:A. nebraskensis
4485:
4484:
4483:
4482:
4479:A. nebraskensis
4474:
4473:
4472:
4464:
4463:
4452:
4285:A. approximatus
4185:A. approximatus
4177:
4044:A. kamyshtensis
4036:Middle Devonian
3957:
3952:
3932:Greek mythology
3898:A. kamyshtensis
3839:A. kamyshtensis
3827:A. kamyshtensis
3759:Adelophthalmus.
3751:Klerf Formation
3727:
3715:Adelophthalmus.
3640:Polyzosternites
3542:A. oklahomensis
3534:A. oklahomensis
3530:A. oklahomensis
3453:and especially
3376:A. nebraskensis
3320:
3304:(today seen as
3256:A. approximatus
3163:Polyzosternites
2987:
2982:
2706:Polyzosternites
2666:was similar to
2435:A. oklahomensis
2402:A. nebraskensis
2390:A. nebraskensis
2046:A. kamyshtensis
2014:A. kamyshtensis
2009:A. kamyshtensis
2000:Middle Devonian
1964:A. kamyshtensis
1928:A. kamyshtensis
1834:A. nebraskensis
1743:A. kamyshtensis
1719:A. nebraskensis
1694:Middle Devonian
1681:A. kamyshtensis
1337:(Carbonferous)
1304:A. approximatus
1296:A. approximatus
1257:Temporal range
1231:
1144:A. approximatus
1037:
1011:). As of 2020,
991:junior synonyms
915:Middle Devonian
907:Adelopththalmus
874:
868:
866:A. oklahomensis
862:
861:
851:
845:
836:
835:
825:
819:
813:
812:
802:
796:
787:
786:
776:
770:
761:
760:
750:
744:
735:
733:Polyzosternites
726:
717:
711:
710:
692:
686:
674:
662:
652:(Størmer, 1969)
650:
638:
626:
610:
598:
586:
574:
562:
552:(Barbour, 1914)
550:
547:A. nebraskensis
538:
526:
514:
502:
490:
478:
466:
463:A. kamyshtensis
454:
442:
430:
418:
406:
394:
384:(de Lima, 1890)
382:
372:(Pruvost, 1939)
370:
358:
346:
336:(Pruvost, 1930)
334:
322:
310:
298:
295:A. approximatus
289:
288:
272:
265:
238:
230:
217:
204:
191:
137:
126:illustrated by
108:
106:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
39:
38:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
9685:
9675:
9674:
9669:
9664:
9659:
9654:
9649:
9644:
9639:
9634:
9629:
9624:
9619:
9614:
9609:
9604:
9599:
9594:
9589:
9572:
9571:
9569:
9568:
9555:
9542:
9529:
9516:
9500:
9498:
9496:Adelophthalmus
9492:
9491:
9477:
9476:
9466:
9463:
9462:
9460:
9459:
9454:
9448:
9446:
9442:
9441:
9439:
9438:
9433:
9428:
9422:
9420:
9419:Related groups
9416:
9415:
9413:
9412:
9405:
9398:
9390:
9388:
9382:
9381:
9379:
9378:
9371:
9364:
9357:
9350:
9347:Onychopterella
9343:
9336:
9329:
9322:
9315:
9308:
9305:Hibbertopterus
9301:
9294:
9287:
9280:
9273:
9266:
9263:Adelophthalmus
9258:
9256:
9255:Notable genera
9252:
9251:
9249:
9248:
9243:
9238:
9233:
9228:
9223:
9217:
9215:
9209:
9208:
9206:
9205:
9200:
9195:
9190:
9185:
9179:
9177:
9171:
9170:
9163:
9161:
9158:
9157:
9154:
9153:
9150:
9149:
9147:
9146:
9141:
9136:
9130:
9128:
9126:Pterygotioidea
9122:
9121:
9119:
9118:
9112:
9110:
9104:
9103:
9101:
9100:
9094:
9092:
9086:
9085:
9083:
9082:
9077:
9072:
9066:
9064:
9055:
9053:Diploperculata
9047:
9046:
9044:
9043:
9038:
9033:
9027:
9025:
9019:
9018:
9016:
9015:
9013:Moselopteridae
9009:
9007:
9001:
9000:
8998:
8997:
8991:
8989:
8980:
8972:
8971:
8968:
8967:
8965:
8964:
8959:
8954:
8948:
8946:
8940:
8939:
8937:
8936:
8931:
8929:Kokomopteridae
8925:
8923:
8917:
8916:
8914:
8913:
8908:
8902:
8900:
8894:
8893:
8891:
8890:
8884:
8882:
8880:Rhenopteroidea
8873:
8865:
8864:
8862:
8861:
8855:
8853:
8846:
8842:
8841:
8839:
8838:
8829:
8820:
8811:
8802:
8793:
8787:
8781:
8774:
8771:
8770:
8763:
8762:
8755:
8748:
8740:
8734:
8733:
8721:
8709:
8695:
8692:
8690:
8689:
8663:(6): 277â282.
8648:
8622:(9): 419â421.
8607:
8578:
8560:(2): 265â288.
8549:
8529:
8511:(2): 237â249.
8500:
8471:
8451:
8416:
8404:(4): 801â809.
8389:
8370:
8337:
8309:Adelophthalmus
8304:
8286:(3): 287â293.
8275:
8257:(5): 470â475.
8246:
8228:(4): 431â433.
8217:
8204:
8187:
8160:
8134:(2): 511â529.
8123:
8106:
8095:
8077:(2): 509â528.
8062:
8052:(2): 147â151.
8040:
7995:
7967:(2): 265â269.
7952:
7942:(4): 709â729.
7931:
7914:
7909:978-0198549161
7908:
7893:
7882:
7866:
7837:
7832:978-1125460221
7831:
7816:
7799:
7756:
7739:
7737:(12): 193â203.
7721:
7719:
7716:
7714:
7713:
7701:
7689:
7668:
7656:
7654:, p. 150.
7644:
7632:
7607:
7605:, p. 147.
7595:
7583:
7581:, p. 265.
7568:
7556:
7544:
7532:
7530:, p. 801.
7517:
7505:
7503:, p. 570.
7488:
7476:
7464:
7462:, p. 148.
7449:
7447:, p. 470.
7432:
7417:
7415:, p. 709.
7405:
7403:, p. 287.
7393:
7391:, p. 199.
7381:
7379:, p. 646.
7369:
7367:, p. 641.
7357:
7345:
7333:
7329:Glosbe â δÎĎΟι
7321:
7309:
7294:
7282:
7270:
7258:
7256:, p. 419.
7243:
7241:, pp. 67.
7239:Poschmann 2006
7228:
7226:, p. 805.
7216:
7212:Poschmann 2006
7199:
7187:
7168:
7151:
7149:, p. 149.
7132:
7105:
7086:
7071:
7069:, p. 475.
7054:
7052:, p. 544.
7039:
7037:, p. 278.
7024:
7022:, p. 722.
7012:
6987:
6983:Waterston 1968
6972:
6955:
6936:
6921:
6906:
6904:, p. 645.
6889:
6887:, p. 639.
6874:
6855:
6843:
6841:, p. 119.
6831:
6829:, p. 267.
6827:Waterston 1958
6814:
6810:O'Connell 1916
6802:
6783:
6781:, p. 239.
6756:
6754:, p. 322.
6744:
6742:, p. 222.
6732:
6695:
6683:
6668:
6625:
6598:
6573:
6561:
6549:
6534:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6501:
6500:
6492:
6480:
6475:
6469:
6468:
6452:
6449:
6422:and leaves of
6414:A. luceroensis
6410:Adelophthalmus
6402:Adelophthalmus
6394:Adelophthalmus
6375:
6372:
6355:Palaeocharinus
6301:Onychopterella
6270:
6267:
6263:Adelophthalmus
6259:Adelophthalmus
6252:Adelophthalmus
6247:Adelophthalmus
6243:Adelophthalmus
6219:A. luceroensis
6210:Adelophthalmus
6205:
6202:
6186:Adelophthalmus
6182:Adelophthalmus
6170:Adelophthalmus
6154:subsiding area
6142:Adelophthalmus
6131:Adelophthalmus
6122:Adelophthalmus
6110:Adelophthalmus
6099:Adelophthalmus
6087:Adelophthalmus
6079:Adelophthalmus
6040:Adelophthalmus
6014:
6011:
6006:Adelophthalmus
5984:Adelophthalmus
5980:
5977:
5965:Adelophthalmus
5932:A. bradorensis
5878:Adelophthalmus
5867:Adelophthalmus
5863:Adelophthalmus
5856:
5855:
5852:
5851:
5847:
5846:
5843:
5842:
5838:
5837:
5834:
5833:
5829:
5828:
5825:
5824:
5820:
5819:
5816:
5815:
5811:
5810:
5807:
5806:
5802:
5801:
5798:
5797:
5793:
5792:
5789:
5788:
5784:
5783:
5780:
5779:
5775:
5774:
5771:
5770:
5766:
5765:
5762:
5761:
5752:
5749:
5748:
5745:
5744:
5735:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5724:
5721:
5720:
5711:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5700:
5697:
5696:
5687:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5676:
5673:
5672:
5668:A. luceroensis
5663:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5652:
5649:
5648:
5639:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5628:
5625:
5624:
5615:
5610:
5608:
5605:Adelophthalmus
5600:
5599:
5596:
5595:
5586:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5575:
5572:
5571:
5562:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5551:
5548:
5547:
5543:
5542:
5539:
5538:
5534:
5533:
5530:
5529:
5525:
5524:
5521:
5520:
5511:
5508:
5507:
5504:
5503:
5494:
5489:
5487:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5476:
5473:
5472:
5463:
5458:
5456:
5451:
5449:
5443:
5442:
5439:
5438:
5428:
5423:
5421:
5419:Diploperculata
5413:
5405:Adelophthalmus
5380:synapomorphies
5376:Adelophthalmus
5356:Adelophthalmus
5344:Waeringopterus
5327:Adelophthalmus
5319:Adelophthalmus
5311:Adelophthalmus
5304:Adelophthalmus
5271:
5268:
5264:
5263:
5260:
5259:
5255:
5254:
5251:
5250:
5246:
5245:
5242:
5241:
5237:
5236:
5233:
5232:
5228:
5227:
5224:
5223:
5219:
5218:
5215:
5214:
5210:
5209:
5206:
5205:
5201:
5200:
5197:
5196:
5192:
5191:
5188:
5187:
5178:
5175:
5174:
5171:
5170:
5161:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5150:
5147:
5146:
5137:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5126:
5123:
5122:
5113:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5102:
5099:
5098:
5089:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5078:
5075:
5074:
5065:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5054:
5051:
5050:
5041:
5036:
5034:
5032:Pterygotioidea
5028:
5027:
5024:
5023:
5019:
5018:
5015:
5014:
5010:
5009:
5006:
5005:
5001:
5000:
4997:
4996:
4992:
4991:
4988:
4987:
4983:Adelophthalmus
4978:
4975:
4974:
4971:
4970:
4961:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4950:
4947:
4946:
4937:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4926:
4923:
4922:
4918:
4917:
4914:
4913:
4904:
4901:
4900:
4897:
4896:
4887:
4882:
4880:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4869:
4866:
4865:
4856:
4851:
4849:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4835:
4832:
4831:
4827:
4826:
4823:
4822:
4818:
4817:
4814:
4813:
4804:
4801:
4800:
4797:
4796:
4792:Waeringopterus
4787:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4776:
4773:
4772:
4763:
4758:
4756:
4748:
4746:
4744:Diploperculata
4738:
4729:Adelophthalmus
4698:Pterygotioidea
4649:Adelophthalmus
4643:A. mansfieldi.
4622:
4621:Classification
4619:
4615:Adelophthalmus
4599:Adelophthalmus
4587:Adelophthalmus
4578:A. luceroensis
4574:Adelophthalmus
4567:Adelophthalmus
4562:Adelophthalmus
4550:A. luceroensis
4546:Adelophthalmus
4497:A. luceroensis
4489:Adelophthalmus
4476:
4475:
4466:
4465:
4457:
4456:
4455:
4454:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4390:Adelophthalmus
4367:A. bradorensis
4353:Moravo-Silesia
4289:Adelophthalmus
4252:Czech Republic
4224:Adelophthalmus
4220:Adelophthalmus
4212:Adelophthalmus
4201:Adelophthalmus
4193:Adelophthalmus
4176:
4173:
4169:Adelophthalmus
4152:Early Devonian
4137:Adelophthalmus
4129:Adelophthalmus
4112:Hibbertopterus
4091:Adelophthalmus
4068:Gogo Formation
4056:Adelophthalmus
4052:Adelophthalmus
4040:A. khakassicus
4029:Adelophthalmus
4013:Early Devonian
4005:Adelophthalmus
4001:Early Devonian
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3926:, named after
3909:Adelophthalmus
3894:A. khakassicus
3885:A. khakassicus
3851:Adelophthalmus
3823:Adelophthalmus
3802:A. carbonarius
3794:Adelophthalmus
3790:Adelophthalmus
3767:Adelophthalmus
3763:Adelophthalmus
3726:
3723:
3703:Adelophthalmus
3688:Adelophthalmus
3679:A. luceroensis
3660:Anthraconectes
3656:Adelophthalmus
3652:Anthraconectes
3648:Adelophthalmus
3644:Adelophthalmus
3632:Glyptoscorpius
3628:Anthraconectes
3611:A. carbonarius
3607:A. carbonarius
3598:A. carbonarius
3583:(described as
3495:Anthraconectes
3491:A. bradorensis
3487:Walter A. Bell
3459:Adelophthalmus
3435:Adelophthalmus
3400:Anthraconectes
3396:Adelophthalmus
3384:Anthraconectes
3319:
3316:
3285:Bristol Museum
3273:Henry Woodward
3208:Glyptoscorpius
3194:G. caledonicus
3183:Glyptoscorpius
3179:Adelophthalmus
3175:Adelophthalmus
3159:Adelophthalmus
3155:Adelophthalmus
3151:Anthraconectes
3147:Adelophthalmus
3128:Anthraconectes
3098:Adelophthalmus
3007:Adelophthalmus
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2951:
2945:
2942:
2931:
2926:
2923:
2917:
2916:
2905:The spikes of
2903:A. mansfieldi.
2895:
2889:
2886:
2875:
2870:
2867:
2861:
2860:
2849:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2832:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2816:A. luceroensis
2798:
2792:
2789:
2786:
2781:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2748:Anthraconectes
2744:
2738:
2735:
2724:
2719:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2702:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2685:
2682:
2676:
2675:
2656:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2639:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2619:
2613:
2610:
2599:
2594:
2591:
2585:
2584:
2576:Adelophthalmus
2569:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2555:
2552:
2546:
2545:
2538:Adelophthalmus
2530:Adelophthalmus
2524:) referred to
2516:Glyptoscorpius
2512:
2506:
2503:
2498:hibbertopterid
2491:
2486:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2469:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2452:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2420:
2415:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2394:Adelophthalmus
2386:Anthraconectes
2382:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2365:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2342:Anthraconestes
2334:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2317:
2314:
2308:
2307:
2302:Anthraconestes
2298:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2281:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2234:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2221:A. luceroensis
2209:A. luceroensis
2205:Adelophthalmus
2201:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2184:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2171:Adelophthalmus
2159:
2153:
2150:
2138:
2133:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2110:Adelophthalmus
2106:A. bradorensis
2104:is similar to
2096:Glyptoscorpius
2092:
2086:
2083:
2072:
2067:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2050:A. khakassicus
2018:A. luceroensis
2005:
1998:
1991:
1988:
1983:
1980:
1972:
1971:
1960:A. khakassicus
1946:is similar to
1944:A. khakassicus
1941:
1935:
1932:
1921:
1916:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1887:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1868:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1851:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1819:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1802:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1773:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1756:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1739:A. khakassicus
1707:Adelophthalmus
1699:
1692:
1685:
1674:
1669:
1666:
1658:
1657:
1650:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1629:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1616:Anthraconectes
1612:
1606:
1603:
1592:
1587:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1574:Anthraconectes
1570:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1552:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1539:A. luceroensis
1535:A. luceroensis
1531:A. luceroensis
1529:differed from
1527:A. carbonarius
1519:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1498:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1485:Anthraconectes
1481:
1475:
1472:
1461:
1456:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1434:Glyptoscorpius
1430:
1427:
1424:
1418:
1413:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1392:A. bradorensis
1388:Anthraconectes
1384:
1378:
1375:
1364:
1359:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1338:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1321:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1298:is similar to
1288:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1271:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1230:
1227:
1223:Adelophthalmus
1215:Adelophthalmus
1213:. The body of
1199:Adelophthalmus
1183:Adelophthalmus
1159:Adelophthalmus
1124:Adelophthalmus
1120:A. luceroensis
1081:A. khakassicus
1077:Adelophthalmus
1069:Adelophthalmus
1058:Adelophthalmus
1051:Adelophthalmid
1036:
1033:
1017:Adelophthalmus
1013:Adelophthalmus
1009:A. khakassicus
1001:Adelophthalmus
995:Adelophthalmus
979:Adelophthalmus
960:Adelophthalmus
946:Adelophthalmus
926:Adelophthalmus
899:Early Devonian
895:Adelophthalmus
885:is a genus of
882:Adelophthalmus
876:
875:
873:
872:
854:
853:
852:
850:
849:
828:
827:
826:
824:
823:
817:A. caledonicus
805:
804:
803:
801:
800:
798:Woodward, 1907
779:
778:
777:
775:
774:
753:
752:
751:
749:
748:
742:Glyptoscorpius
739:
730:
724:Anthraconectes
721:
708:Genus synonymy
706:
705:
704:
701:
700:
694:
693:
691:
690:
678:
666:
654:
642:
640:(Dunbar, 1924)
630:
618:
602:
590:
578:
566:
554:
542:
530:
518:
506:
499:A. luceroensis
494:
482:
470:
458:
451:A. khakassicus
446:
434:
422:
410:
398:
386:
374:
362:
360:(Grabau, 1920)
350:
343:A. carbonarius
338:
326:
319:A. bradorensis
314:
302:
284:
283:
282:
279:
278:
274:
273:
266:
254:
253:
247:
246:
235:Adelophthalmus
228:
224:
223:
215:
211:
210:
202:
198:
197:
189:
185:
184:
179:
175:
174:
169:
165:
164:
159:
155:
154:
149:
145:
144:
131:
130:
119:
118:
110:
109:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
31:Early Devonian
28:
25:Adelophthalmus
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9684:
9673:
9670:
9668:
9665:
9663:
9660:
9658:
9655:
9653:
9650:
9648:
9645:
9643:
9640:
9638:
9635:
9633:
9630:
9628:
9625:
9623:
9620:
9618:
9615:
9613:
9610:
9608:
9605:
9603:
9600:
9598:
9595:
9593:
9590:
9588:
9585:
9584:
9582:
9565:
9560:
9556:
9552:
9547:
9543:
9539:
9534:
9530:
9526:
9521:
9517:
9512:
9506:
9502:
9501:
9499:
9497:
9493:
9489:
9484:
9474:
9464:
9458:
9455:
9453:
9450:
9449:
9447:
9443:
9437:
9434:
9432:
9429:
9427:
9424:
9423:
9421:
9417:
9411:
9410:
9406:
9404:
9403:
9399:
9397:
9396:
9392:
9391:
9389:
9387:
9383:
9377:
9376:
9372:
9370:
9369:
9365:
9363:
9362:
9358:
9356:
9355:
9354:Pentecopterus
9351:
9349:
9348:
9344:
9342:
9341:
9337:
9335:
9334:
9330:
9328:
9327:
9326:Megalograptus
9323:
9321:
9320:
9319:Jaekelopterus
9316:
9314:
9313:
9309:
9307:
9306:
9302:
9300:
9299:
9295:
9293:
9292:
9291:Drepanopterus
9288:
9286:
9285:
9281:
9279:
9278:
9274:
9272:
9271:
9270:Brachyopterus
9267:
9265:
9264:
9260:
9259:
9257:
9253:
9247:
9246:South America
9244:
9242:
9239:
9237:
9236:North America
9234:
9232:
9229:
9227:
9224:
9222:
9219:
9218:
9216:
9214:
9210:
9204:
9201:
9199:
9198:Carboniferous
9196:
9194:
9191:
9189:
9186:
9184:
9181:
9180:
9178:
9176:
9175:Geochronology
9172:
9167:
9145:
9142:
9140:
9137:
9135:
9132:
9131:
9129:
9127:
9123:
9117:
9114:
9113:
9111:
9109:
9105:
9099:
9096:
9095:
9093:
9091:
9087:
9081:
9078:
9076:
9073:
9071:
9068:
9067:
9065:
9063:
9059:
9056:
9054:
9048:
9042:
9039:
9037:
9034:
9032:
9029:
9028:
9026:
9024:
9023:Eurypteroidea
9020:
9014:
9011:
9010:
9008:
9006:
9002:
8996:
8993:
8992:
8990:
8988:
8984:
8981:
8979:
8973:
8963:
8962:Mycteroptidae
8960:
8958:
8955:
8953:
8950:
8949:
8947:
8945:
8944:Mycteropoidea
8941:
8935:
8932:
8930:
8927:
8926:
8924:
8922:
8918:
8912:
8909:
8907:
8904:
8903:
8901:
8899:
8898:Stylonuroidea
8895:
8889:
8888:Rhenopteridae
8886:
8885:
8883:
8881:
8877:
8874:
8872:
8866:
8860:
8857:
8856:
8854:
8850:
8847:
8843:
8837:
8836:Sclerophorata
8833:
8830:
8828:
8824:
8821:
8819:
8815:
8812:
8810:
8806:
8803:
8801:
8800:Euchelicerata
8797:
8794:
8792:
8788:
8786:
8782:
8780:
8776:
8775:
8772:
8768:
8761:
8756:
8754:
8749:
8747:
8742:
8741:
8738:
8730:
8726:
8722:
8718:
8714:
8710:
8706:
8702:
8698:
8697:
8686:
8682:
8678:
8674:
8670:
8666:
8662:
8658:
8654:
8649:
8645:
8641:
8637:
8633:
8629:
8625:
8621:
8617:
8613:
8608:
8604:
8600:
8596:
8592:
8588:
8584:
8579:
8575:
8571:
8567:
8563:
8559:
8555:
8550:
8547:(3): 474â507.
8546:
8542:
8541:Palaeontology
8535:
8530:
8526:
8522:
8518:
8514:
8510:
8506:
8501:
8497:
8493:
8489:
8485:
8481:
8477:
8472:
8468:
8464:
8457:
8452:
8448:
8444:
8439:
8434:
8430:
8426:
8425:Fossil Record
8422:
8417:
8412:
8407:
8403:
8399:
8398:Palaeontology
8395:
8390:
8386:
8382:
8378:
8377:
8371:
8367:
8363:
8359:
8355:
8351:
8347:
8343:
8338:
8334:
8330:
8326:
8322:
8318:
8314:
8310:
8305:
8301:
8297:
8293:
8289:
8285:
8281:
8276:
8272:
8268:
8264:
8260:
8256:
8252:
8247:
8243:
8239:
8235:
8231:
8227:
8223:
8218:
8214:
8210:
8205:
8201:
8197:
8193:
8188:
8183:
8178:
8174:
8170:
8169:Palaeontology
8166:
8161:
8157:
8153:
8149:
8145:
8141:
8137:
8133:
8129:
8124:
8120:
8116:
8112:
8107:
8103:
8102:
8096:
8092:
8088:
8084:
8080:
8076:
8072:
8068:
8063:
8059:
8055:
8051:
8047:
8041:
8037:
8033:
8029:
8025:
8020:
8015:
8011:
8007:
8006:
8001:
7996:
7992:
7988:
7983:
7978:
7974:
7970:
7966:
7962:
7958:
7953:
7949:
7945:
7941:
7937:
7932:
7928:
7924:
7920:
7915:
7911:
7905:
7901:
7900:
7894:
7890:
7889:
7883:
7879:
7872:
7867:
7863:
7859:
7855:
7851:
7847:
7843:
7838:
7834:
7828:
7824:
7823:
7817:
7813:
7809:
7805:
7800:
7796:
7792:
7788:
7784:
7780:
7776:
7772:
7768:
7767:
7762:
7757:
7753:
7749:
7745:
7740:
7736:
7732:
7728:
7723:
7722:
7710:
7705:
7698:
7693:
7686:
7681:
7679:
7677:
7675:
7673:
7665:
7660:
7653:
7648:
7642:, p. 83.
7641:
7636:
7629:
7624:
7622:
7620:
7618:
7616:
7614:
7612:
7604:
7599:
7593:, p. 81.
7592:
7587:
7580:
7575:
7573:
7566:, p. 70.
7565:
7560:
7554:, p. 80.
7553:
7548:
7542:, p. 10.
7541:
7536:
7529:
7524:
7522:
7514:
7509:
7502:
7497:
7495:
7493:
7485:
7480:
7473:
7468:
7461:
7456:
7454:
7446:
7441:
7439:
7437:
7429:
7424:
7422:
7414:
7409:
7402:
7397:
7390:
7385:
7378:
7377:Stainier 1915
7373:
7366:
7365:Stainier 1915
7361:
7354:
7349:
7343:, p. 18.
7342:
7337:
7330:
7325:
7318:
7313:
7306:
7301:
7299:
7291:
7286:
7279:
7274:
7267:
7262:
7255:
7254:Woodward 1888
7250:
7248:
7240:
7235:
7233:
7225:
7220:
7213:
7208:
7206:
7204:
7196:
7191:
7184:
7179:
7177:
7175:
7173:
7165:
7160:
7158:
7156:
7148:
7143:
7141:
7139:
7137:
7129:
7124:
7122:
7120:
7118:
7116:
7114:
7112:
7110:
7102:
7097:
7095:
7093:
7091:
7083:
7082:Woodward 1907
7078:
7076:
7068:
7063:
7061:
7059:
7051:
7046:
7044:
7036:
7035:Woodward 1907
7031:
7029:
7021:
7016:
7010:, p. 10.
7009:
7004:
7002:
7000:
6998:
6996:
6994:
6992:
6984:
6979:
6977:
6969:
6964:
6962:
6960:
6952:
6947:
6945:
6943:
6941:
6933:
6928:
6926:
6918:
6913:
6911:
6903:
6902:Stainier 1915
6898:
6896:
6894:
6886:
6885:Stainier 1915
6881:
6879:
6871:
6866:
6864:
6862:
6860:
6852:
6847:
6840:
6835:
6828:
6823:
6821:
6819:
6812:, p. 30.
6811:
6806:
6799:
6794:
6792:
6790:
6788:
6780:
6775:
6773:
6771:
6769:
6767:
6765:
6763:
6761:
6753:
6748:
6741:
6736:
6729:
6724:
6722:
6720:
6718:
6716:
6714:
6712:
6710:
6708:
6706:
6704:
6702:
6700:
6693:, p. 30.
6692:
6687:
6680:
6675:
6673:
6665:
6660:
6658:
6656:
6654:
6652:
6650:
6648:
6646:
6644:
6642:
6640:
6638:
6636:
6634:
6632:
6630:
6622:
6618:
6613:
6611:
6609:
6607:
6605:
6603:
6595:
6590:
6588:
6586:
6584:
6582:
6580:
6578:
6571:, p. 23.
6570:
6565:
6558:
6553:
6547:, p. 79.
6546:
6541:
6539:
6531:
6526:
6524:
6522:
6520:
6518:
6513:
6498:
6497:
6493:
6491:) eurypterid.
6490:
6486:
6485:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6470:
6466:
6455:
6448:
6445:
6444:
6438:
6435:
6429:
6427:
6426:
6421:
6420:
6415:
6411:
6407:
6406:deltaic plain
6403:
6395:
6391:
6390:
6385:
6380:
6371:
6368:
6364:
6363:kiemenplatten
6359:
6357:
6356:
6351:
6347:
6342:
6338:
6334:
6330:
6326:
6322:
6317:
6315:
6311:
6310:
6302:
6298:
6297:
6292:
6288:
6284:
6280:
6276:
6266:
6264:
6260:
6255:
6253:
6248:
6244:
6240:
6236:
6232:
6228:
6224:
6220:
6216:
6211:
6201:
6199:
6195:
6191:
6187:
6183:
6178:
6176:
6171:
6167:
6163:
6159:
6155:
6151:
6147:
6143:
6138:
6136:
6132:
6127:
6123:
6119:
6115:
6111:
6106:
6104:
6100:
6096:
6092:
6088:
6084:
6080:
6076:
6075:
6070:
6066:
6062:
6057:
6054:
6053:A. waterstoni
6049:
6045:
6044:A. waterstoni
6041:
6036:
6028:
6027:A. mansfieldi
6024:
6019:
6010:
6007:
6002:
6000:
5996:
5992:
5988:
5985:
5976:
5974:
5970:
5966:
5961:
5960:
5957:
5953:
5952:A. mansfieldi
5949:
5948:A. mazonensis
5945:
5941:
5937:
5933:
5929:
5925:
5921:
5917:
5913:
5908:
5906:
5902:
5901:A. perornatus
5898:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5883:
5879:
5875:
5873:
5868:
5864:
5854:
5853:
5845:
5844:
5836:
5835:
5827:
5826:
5818:
5817:
5809:
5808:
5800:
5799:
5791:
5790:
5782:
5781:
5773:
5772:
5764:
5763:
5760:
5759:
5758:
5751:
5750:
5747:
5746:
5743:
5742:
5741:
5734:
5733:
5727:
5726:
5723:
5722:
5719:
5718:
5717:
5710:
5709:
5703:
5702:
5699:
5698:
5695:
5694:
5693:
5692:A. mazonensis
5686:
5685:
5679:
5678:
5675:
5674:
5671:
5670:
5669:
5662:
5661:
5655:
5654:
5651:
5650:
5647:
5646:
5645:
5644:A. mansfieldi
5638:
5637:
5631:
5630:
5627:
5626:
5623:
5622:
5621:
5614:
5613:
5607:
5606:
5602:
5601:
5598:
5597:
5594:
5593:
5592:
5585:
5584:
5578:
5577:
5574:
5573:
5570:
5569:
5568:
5561:
5560:
5554:
5553:
5550:
5549:
5541:
5540:
5532:
5531:
5523:
5522:
5519:
5518:
5517:
5510:
5509:
5506:
5505:
5502:
5501:
5500:
5493:
5492:
5486:
5485:
5479:
5478:
5475:
5474:
5471:
5470:
5469:
5462:
5461:
5455:
5454:
5448:
5445:
5444:
5441:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5434:
5427:
5426:
5420:
5417:
5416:
5412:
5410:
5406:
5402:
5398:
5397:
5391:
5387:
5385:
5381:
5377:
5373:
5372:
5371:Eysyslopterus
5367:
5363:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5350:
5346:
5345:
5340:
5339:
5334:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5320:
5316:
5312:
5307:
5305:
5297:
5296:A. mazonensis
5293:
5288:
5281:
5280:A. mazonensis
5276:
5262:
5261:
5253:
5252:
5244:
5243:
5235:
5234:
5226:
5225:
5217:
5216:
5208:
5207:
5199:
5198:
5190:
5189:
5186:
5185:
5184:
5183:Jaekelopterus
5177:
5176:
5173:
5172:
5169:
5168:
5167:
5160:
5159:
5153:
5152:
5149:
5148:
5145:
5144:
5143:
5136:
5135:
5129:
5128:
5125:
5124:
5121:
5120:
5119:
5112:
5111:
5105:
5104:
5101:
5100:
5097:
5096:
5095:
5088:
5087:
5081:
5080:
5077:
5076:
5073:
5072:
5071:
5064:
5063:
5057:
5056:
5053:
5052:
5049:
5048:
5047:
5040:
5039:
5033:
5030:
5029:
5026:
5025:
5017:
5016:
5008:
5007:
4999:
4998:
4990:
4989:
4986:
4985:
4984:
4977:
4976:
4973:
4972:
4969:
4968:
4967:
4960:
4959:
4953:
4952:
4949:
4948:
4945:
4944:
4943:
4936:
4935:
4929:
4928:
4925:
4924:
4916:
4915:
4912:
4911:
4910:
4903:
4902:
4899:
4898:
4895:
4894:
4893:
4886:
4885:
4879:
4878:
4872:
4871:
4868:
4867:
4864:
4863:
4862:
4861:Eysyslopterus
4855:
4854:
4848:
4845:
4844:
4838:
4837:
4834:
4833:
4825:
4824:
4816:
4815:
4812:
4811:
4810:
4803:
4802:
4799:
4798:
4795:
4794:
4793:
4786:
4785:
4779:
4778:
4775:
4774:
4771:
4770:
4769:
4762:
4761:
4755:
4752:
4751:
4745:
4742:
4741:
4737:
4735:
4730:
4726:
4725:
4720:
4719:Eysyslopterus
4716:
4715:
4709:
4707:
4703:
4699:
4695:
4691:
4688:
4687:
4686:Eysyslopterus
4682:
4681:
4676:
4675:
4670:
4669:
4664:
4663:
4658:
4654:
4650:
4644:
4639:
4632:
4631:A. mazonensis
4627:
4618:
4616:
4612:
4611:
4606:
4605:
4600:
4596:
4590:
4588:
4584:
4583:Adelopthalmus
4579:
4575:
4570:
4568:
4563:
4559:
4555:
4551:
4547:
4542:
4541:
4538:
4534:
4530:
4526:
4522:
4518:
4514:
4510:
4506:
4502:
4498:
4494:
4490:
4480:
4470:
4461:
4447:
4446:
4443:
4439:
4435:
4431:
4430:A. mansfieldi
4427:
4423:
4419:
4415:
4411:
4407:
4406:A. mazonensis
4403:
4399:
4395:
4391:
4387:
4383:
4379:
4374:
4372:
4368:
4364:
4361:
4356:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4338:
4334:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4318:
4314:
4310:
4306:
4302:
4298:
4297:A. perornatus
4294:
4293:North America
4290:
4286:
4281:
4280:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4265:
4261:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4241:
4237:
4233:
4229:
4228:United States
4225:
4221:
4215:
4213:
4209:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4194:
4186:
4181:
4175:Carboniferous
4172:
4170:
4165:
4161:
4160:Carboniferous
4157:
4156:Late Devonian
4153:
4149:
4144:
4142:
4138:
4134:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4114:
4113:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4087:
4085:
4084:
4079:
4078:
4073:
4069:
4065:
4061:
4060:A. waterstoni
4057:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4037:
4032:
4030:
4026:
4022:
4018:
4014:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3990:
3986:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3961:
3947:
3945:
3941:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3918:
3914:
3910:
3905:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3890:
3886:
3881:
3879:
3875:
3871:
3867:
3863:
3859:
3854:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3819:
3817:
3813:
3812:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3774:
3770:
3768:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3743:A. sievertsi,
3736:
3735:A. mazonensis
3731:
3722:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3696:
3691:
3689:
3684:
3680:
3675:
3674:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3624:
3623:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3603:
3599:
3594:
3593:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3549:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3526:
3523:
3519:
3514:
3512:
3511:A. mansfieldi
3508:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3483:
3482:
3479:
3475:
3470:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3455:E. mansfieldi
3452:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3403:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3371:
3367:
3364:
3360:
3359:A. mansfieldi
3356:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3336:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3315:
3314:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3298:
3297:
3294:
3290:
3289:A. mansfieldi
3286:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3269:
3268:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3241:Dolichopterus
3238:
3234:
3233:A. mansfieldi
3230:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3213:
3212:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3188:
3187:G. perornatus
3184:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3112:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3099:
3095:
3092:, noted that
3091:
3087:
3083:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3058:
3054:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3000:
2996:
2991:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2911:A. mansfieldi
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2893:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2883:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2847:
2844:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2804:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2760:A. mansfieldi
2757:
2756:A. mansfieldi
2753:
2749:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2700:
2697:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2673:
2672:A. mazonensis
2669:
2668:A. mansfieldi
2665:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2577:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2526:A. perornatus
2523:
2520:
2517:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2347:
2346:A. mansfieldi
2343:
2339:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2268:A. mansfieldi
2265:
2261:
2260:A. mansfieldi
2258:
2255:
2254:
2253:Dolichopterus
2249:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2217:A. mansfieldi
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2034:A. mazonensis
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2010:
2006:
2003:
1999:
1996:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1948:A. mazonensis
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1789:A. mansfieldi
1786:
1782:
1781:A. mansfieldi
1778:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1711:A. mazonensis
1708:
1704:
1700:
1697:
1693:
1690:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1660:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1648:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1568:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1517:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1441:A. perornatus
1438:
1435:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1422:A. perornatus
1419:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1308:A. mansfieldi
1305:
1301:
1300:A. mansfieldi
1297:
1293:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1169:
1160:
1155:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1136:A. mansfieldi
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1104:A. mazonensis
1101:
1100:A. waterstoni
1097:
1093:
1089:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1073:Jaekelopterus
1070:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1046:
1041:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
975:
973:
969:
968:Carboniferous
965:
961:
957:
956:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
930:North America
927:
922:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
903:Early Permian
900:
896:
893:. Fossils of
892:
888:
884:
883:
867:
864:
863:
859:
847:Størmer, 1974
844:
842:
838:
837:
833:
818:
815:
814:
810:
809:A. perornatus
795:
793:
789:
788:
784:
769:
767:
763:
762:
758:
757:A. mansfieldi
743:
740:
734:
731:
725:
722:
716:
713:
712:
702:
699:
695:
685:
684:
679:
673:
672:
667:
661:
660:
659:A. waterstoni
655:
649:
648:
643:
637:
636:
631:
625:
624:
619:
615:
609:
608:
603:
597:
596:
591:
585:
584:
579:
576:(Peach, 1882)
573:
572:
571:A. perornatus
567:
561:
560:
555:
549:
548:
543:
537:
536:
531:
525:
524:
523:A. mazonensis
519:
513:
512:
511:A. mansfieldi
507:
501:
500:
495:
489:
488:
483:
480:(Peach, 1888)
477:
476:
471:
468:Shpinev, 2012
465:
464:
459:
453:
452:
447:
444:Shpinev, 2006
441:
440:
435:
432:(Reuss, 1855)
429:
428:
423:
417:
416:
411:
405:
404:
399:
396:Shpinev, 2012
393:
392:
387:
381:
380:
375:
369:
368:
363:
357:
356:
351:
345:
344:
339:
333:
332:
327:
321:
320:
315:
309:
308:
303:
297:
296:
291:
290:
280:
275:
270:
264:
263:
255:
252:
248:
243:
237:
236:
229:
226:
225:
222:
216:
213:
212:
209:
203:
201:Superfamily:
200:
199:
196:
190:
187:
186:
183:
180:
177:
176:
173:
170:
167:
166:
163:
160:
157:
156:
153:
150:
147:
146:
141:
136:
132:
129:
125:
124:A. mansfieldi
120:
116:
111:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
43:
36:
35:Early Permian
32:
26:
22:
19:
9495:
9407:
9400:
9393:
9373:
9366:
9359:
9352:
9345:
9338:
9331:
9324:
9317:
9312:Hughmilleria
9310:
9303:
9296:
9289:
9282:
9275:
9268:
9262:
9261:
9144:Pterygotidae
9080:Mixopteridae
9036:Eurypteridae
8911:Stylonuridae
8831:
8822:
8813:
8804:
8795:
8728:
8716:
8704:
8660:
8656:
8619:
8615:
8586:
8582:
8557:
8553:
8544:
8540:
8508:
8504:
8479:
8475:
8466:
8462:
8428:
8424:
8401:
8397:
8375:
8349:
8345:
8316:
8312:
8308:
8283:
8279:
8254:
8250:
8225:
8221:
8212:
8208:
8199:
8195:
8175:(1): 67â82.
8172:
8168:
8131:
8127:
8118:
8114:
8100:
8074:
8070:
8049:
8045:
8009:
8003:
7964:
7960:
7939:
7935:
7926:
7922:
7898:
7887:
7877:
7845:
7841:
7821:
7811:
7807:
7770:
7764:
7751:
7747:
7734:
7730:
7718:Bibliography
7704:
7692:
7659:
7647:
7635:
7598:
7586:
7559:
7547:
7535:
7508:
7479:
7467:
7445:Shpinev 2012
7428:Shpinev 2006
7408:
7401:Shpinev 2014
7396:
7384:
7372:
7360:
7348:
7336:
7324:
7312:
7307:, p. 6.
7292:, p. 7.
7285:
7273:
7261:
7219:
7190:
7185:, p. 1.
7166:, p. 2.
7101:Barbour 1914
7015:
6951:Shpinev 2012
6870:Shpinev 2012
6851:Shpinev 2014
6846:
6834:
6805:
6747:
6735:
6691:Størmer 1955
6686:
6681:, p. 4.
6666:, p. 5.
6569:Størmer 1955
6564:
6559:, p. 3.
6552:
6494:
6482:
6441:
6439:
6430:
6423:
6417:
6413:
6409:
6401:
6399:
6393:
6387:
6366:
6362:
6360:
6353:
6350:euarthropods
6345:
6318:
6313:
6307:
6300:
6294:
6278:
6272:
6262:
6258:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6242:
6227:branchiopods
6218:
6214:
6209:
6207:
6198:
6185:
6181:
6179:
6175:
6169:
6148:of Germany (
6141:
6139:
6135:
6130:
6121:
6109:
6107:
6103:
6098:
6094:
6091:A. sievertsi
6090:
6086:
6082:
6078:
6072:
6058:
6052:
6048:
6043:
6039:
6032:
6026:
6013:Paleoecology
6005:
6003:
5987:
5983:
5982:
5972:
5968:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5955:
5951:
5947:
5944:A. sellardsi
5943:
5939:
5935:
5931:
5927:
5923:
5919:
5915:
5911:
5909:
5905:
5900:
5896:Unionopterus
5894:
5890:
5882:monophyletic
5877:
5876:
5872:
5866:
5862:
5860:
5756:
5755:
5754:
5739:
5738:
5737:
5715:
5714:
5713:
5691:
5690:
5689:
5667:
5666:
5665:
5643:
5642:
5641:
5620:A. sievertsi
5619:
5618:
5617:
5604:
5603:
5589:
5588:
5565:
5564:
5514:
5513:
5497:
5496:
5466:
5465:
5433:Orcanopterus
5431:
5430:
5409:
5404:
5400:
5394:
5390:A. sievertsi
5389:
5388:
5384:
5375:
5369:
5365:
5359:
5355:
5353:
5349:
5342:
5338:Grossopterus
5336:
5332:Orcanopterus
5330:
5326:
5324:
5318:
5310:
5308:
5303:
5301:
5295:
5279:
5181:
5180:
5164:
5163:
5140:
5139:
5118:Erettopterus
5116:
5115:
5092:
5091:
5068:
5067:
5046:Hughmilleria
5044:
5043:
4982:
4981:
4980:
4964:
4963:
4940:
4939:
4907:
4906:
4890:
4889:
4859:
4858:
4809:Grossopterus
4807:
4806:
4790:
4789:
4768:Orcanopterus
4766:
4765:
4734:
4728:
4722:
4718:
4714:Orcanopterus
4712:
4710:
4706:
4690:
4684:
4678:
4672:
4666:
4660:
4648:
4647:
4642:
4630:
4614:
4608:
4602:
4598:
4595:coal forests
4591:
4586:
4582:
4577:
4573:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4558:A. sievertsi
4557:
4554:A. sellardsi
4553:
4549:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4529:A. sellardsi
4528:
4524:
4520:
4513:A. douvillei
4512:
4509:A. chinensis
4508:
4501:A. douvillei
4500:
4496:
4488:
4486:
4478:
4445:
4437:
4434:A. chinensis
4433:
4429:
4425:
4421:
4417:
4413:
4409:
4405:
4401:
4397:
4393:
4389:
4385:
4381:
4375:
4366:
4362:
4357:
4348:
4340:
4332:
4324:
4320:
4308:
4301:Glencartholm
4296:
4288:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4223:
4219:
4216:
4211:
4208:
4200:
4192:
4190:
4184:
4168:
4145:
4136:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4117:H. dewalquei
4116:
4110:
4098:
4090:
4088:
4081:
4075:
4059:
4055:
4051:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4033:
4028:
4025:A. sievertsi
4024:
4009:A. sievertsi
4008:
4004:
3982:
3939:
3923:
3908:
3906:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3884:
3882:
3877:
3857:
3855:
3850:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3820:
3811:Unionopterus
3809:
3801:
3798:Soviet Union
3793:
3789:
3772:
3771:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3746:
3742:
3740:
3734:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3705:in 1983 (as
3702:
3698:
3694:
3692:
3687:
3678:
3677:The species
3676:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3664:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3584:
3580:
3572:
3568:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3550:
3546:A. sellardsi
3545:
3541:
3538:A. sellardsi
3537:
3533:
3529:
3528:The species
3527:
3517:
3515:
3510:
3506:
3494:
3490:
3484:
3481:
3477:
3471:
3467:AndrĂŠ Dumont
3462:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3410:
3406:
3405:The species
3404:
3399:
3395:
3388:nebraskensis
3387:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3374:
3369:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3346:
3342:
3340:
3331:
3327:
3313:
3312:in Portugal.
3305:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3280:
3276:
3270:
3267:
3259:
3255:
3252:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3220:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3207:
3205:
3197:
3193:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3143:
3135:
3127:
3123:
3113:
3108:
3104:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3085:
3081:
3079:
3065:
3061:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3031:
3023:
3014:
3006:
3004:
2994:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2937:
2934:
2920:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2881:
2878:
2864:
2857:A. sievertsi
2856:
2852:
2829:
2823:
2815:
2812:A. sellardsi
2811:
2808:A. sievertsi
2807:
2801:
2775:
2768:A. sellardsi
2767:
2764:A. chinensis
2763:
2759:
2755:
2752:A. sellardsi
2751:
2747:
2730:
2727:
2713:
2705:
2679:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2658:
2636:
2630:
2622:
2605:
2602:
2588:
2580:
2575:
2571:
2549:
2542:
2537:
2529:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2515:
2494:
2480:
2472:
2446:
2439:A. sellardsi
2438:
2434:
2424:A. sellardsi
2423:
2409:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2359:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2311:
2305:
2301:
2275:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2257:
2251:
2228:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2178:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2141:
2127:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2078:
2075:
2061:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2042:A. sievertsi
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2022:A. sellardsi
2021:
2017:
2013:
2008:
2002:
1995:
1975:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1956:A. sellardsi
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1927:
1924:
1910:
1881:
1875:
1871:
1845:
1833:
1825:
1821:
1796:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1750:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1731:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1696:
1689:
1680:
1677:
1661:
1653:
1623:
1615:
1598:
1595:
1581:
1573:
1546:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1492:
1484:
1467:
1464:
1450:
1444:
1440:
1437:
1433:
1421:
1407:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1370:
1367:
1353:
1345:
1341:
1315:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1265:
1235:
1232:
1222:
1214:
1198:
1182:
1172:
1166:
1164:
1158:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1096:A. sievertsi
1095:
1088:A. douvillei
1087:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1066:
1057:
1049:
1044:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1005:A. douvillei
1004:
1000:
999:
994:
978:
976:
959:
953:
950:cosmopolitan
945:
925:
923:
906:
894:
881:
880:
879:
870:Decker, 1938
865:
858:A. sellardsi
857:
856:Synonyms of
839:
832:A. sievertsi
831:
830:Synonyms of
816:
808:
807:Synonyms of
790:
782:
781:Synonyms of
764:
756:
755:Synonyms of
741:
732:
723:
714:
688:PĹibyl, 1952
682:
681:
670:
669:
658:
657:
647:A. sievertsi
646:
645:
635:A. sellardsi
634:
633:
622:
621:
613:
606:
605:
594:
593:
582:
581:
570:
569:
564:(Hall, 1877)
558:
557:
546:
545:
534:
533:
522:
521:
516:(Hall, 1877)
510:
509:
498:
497:
486:
485:
474:
473:
462:
461:
450:
449:
438:
437:
426:
425:
420:Jordan, 1854
414:
413:
402:
401:
390:
389:
379:A. douvillei
378:
377:
366:
365:
355:A. chinensis
354:
353:
342:
341:
330:
329:
324:(Bell, 1922)
318:
317:
306:
305:
294:
293:
268:
261:
260:
251:Type species
241:
234:
233:
123:
24:
18:
9409:Palmichnium
9386:Ichnogenera
9284:Carcinosoma
8978:Eurypterina
8871:Stylonurina
8809:Prosomapoda
8791:Chelicerata
8789:Subphylum:
8767:Eurypterids
8589:(1): 1â20.
8431:(1): 3â12.
8121:(3): 1â278.
7773:: 164â181.
7501:Tetlie 2007
7389:Dunbar 1924
7353:Laurie 1895
7195:Dunbar 1924
6489:stylonurine
6333:vertebrates
6269:Respiration
6194:Belinuridae
6190:xiphosurans
6065:fresh water
5969:A. granosus
5936:A. kidstoni
5928:A. pruvosti
5924:A. cambieri
5884:, and thus
5716:A. granosus
5436:(outgroup)
4892:Bassipterus
4694:Eurypterina
4674:Bassipterus
4641:Fossils of
4442:Carnic Alps
4418:A. pruvosti
4398:A. kidstoni
4394:A. asturica
4386:A. granosus
4382:A. raniceps
4371:Westphalian
4363:Anthracomya
4333:A. cambieri
4313:Krasnoyarsk
4305:Tournaisian
4164:Stylonurina
3747:Rhenopterus
3666:A. asturica
3636:Lepidoderma
3581:A. pruvosti
3567:, Belgium.
3525:first one.
3507:A. kidstoni
3439:A. granosus
3423:counterpart
3198:G. kidstoni
3171:A. raniceps
3140:Mazon Creek
3105:Lepidoderma
3094:Lepidoderma
3082:A. granosus
3066:Lepidoderma
3047:A. granosus
3011:SaarbrĂźcken
2995:A. granosus
2959:A. granosus
2944:15 cm
2888:20 cm
2853:Rhenopterus
2848:(Devonian)
2842:15 cm
2803:Rhenopterus
2797:(Devonian)
2791:18 cm
2684:Goldenberg
2653:Tournaisian
2623:Lepidoderma
2422:Synonym of
2398:A. granosus
2327:12 cm
2291:22 cm
2194:18 cm
2158:(Devonian)
2114:A. kidstoni
2102:A. kidstoni
2030:A. granosus
1940:(Devonian)
1934:32 cm
1901:Tournaisian
1897:13 cm
1872:Lepidoderma
1828:are on the
1826:A. granosus
1822:A. granosus
1812:15 cm
1497:Chernyshev
1420:Synonym of
1400:A. kidstoni
1396:A. kidstoni
1346:A. asturica
1342:Lepidoderma
1287:(Devonian)
1203:opisthosoma
1112:A. granosus
1054:eurypterids
1035:Description
966:during the
924:Fossils of
919:Stylonurina
911:Eurypterina
843:trapezoides
821:Peach, 1882
746:Peach, 1882
719:Reuss, 1855
715:Lepidoderma
623:A. raniceps
595:A. pruvosti
475:A. kidstoni
415:A. granosus
331:A. cambieri
307:A. asturica
195:Eurypterida
182:Chelicerata
178:Subphylum:
9581:Categories
9375:Stylonurus
9361:Pterygotus
9340:Mixopterus
9333:Megarachne
9298:Eurypterus
9183:Ordovician
9139:Slimonidae
9050:Infraorder
8827:Dekatriata
8818:Planaterga
8785:Arthropoda
8705:glosbe.com
8385:B0043KRIVC
8202:: 317â325.
7814:: 119â130.
7754:: 159â167.
7067:Wills 1964
6968:Peach 1882
6932:Reuss 1855
6504:References
6496:Pterygotus
6367:A. pyrrhae
6346:A. pyrrhae
6321:trabeculae
6314:A. pyrrhae
6287:book gills
6279:A. pyrrhae
6235:millipedes
6126:coal swamp
6114:Bashkirian
5956:A. moyseyi
5940:A. wilsoni
5920:A. corneti
5891:A. dumonti
5757:A. dumonti
5740:A. moyseyi
5366:N. patteni
5315:Slimonidae
5278:Fossil of
5166:Acutiramus
5142:Pterygotus
4533:Artinskian
4438:A. piussii
4426:A. dumonti
4422:A. wilsoni
4410:A. moyseyi
4341:A. corneti
4329:Bashkirian
4325:A. pyrrhae
4183:Fossil of
4133:stylonurid
4125:A. lohesti
4121:A. lohesti
4099:A. lohesti
4083:Pterygotus
4077:Acutiramus
3997:Euramerica
3965:Euramerica
3940:A. pyrrhae
3917:phosphatic
3858:A. piussii
3816:Kazakhstan
3733:Fossil of
3719:A. lohesti
3711:A. lohesti
3707:A. lohesti
3699:E. lohesti
3695:Eurypterus
3615:A. corneti
3591:, France).
3431:Eurypterus
3427:considered
3407:A. dumonti
3380:Eurypterus
3370:A. moyseyi
3363:E. moyseyi
3355:E. moyseyi
3333:Eurypterus
3328:A. dumonti
3245:mansfieldi
3237:Eurypterus
3229:James Hall
3136:Eurypterus
3122:described
3060:Fossil of
3025:Eurypterus
2948:Bashkirian
2907:A. wilsoni
2899:Eurypterus
2743:(Permian)
2741:Artinskian
2692:Uncertain
2664:A. pyrrhae
2659:A. pyrrhae
2649:7 cm
2581:A. wilsoni
2572:A. piussii
2565:4 cm
2500:affinities
2493:Uncertain
2473:Eurypterus
2462:8 cm
2381:(Permian)
2375:6 cm
2350:A. moyseyi
2338:Eurypterus
2264:A. dumonti
2244:8 cm
2200:(Permian)
2167:A. lohesti
2163:Eurypterus
2147:affinities
2145:stylonurid
2140:Uncertain
2118:A. wilsoni
2038:A. wilsoni
1993:15 cm
1785:A. dumonti
1777:Eurypterus
1766:6 cm
1723:A. wilsoni
1715:A. moyseyi
1687:18 cm
1654:Eurypterus
1649:(Permian)
1639:4 cm
1609:Bashkirian
1569:(Permian)
1523:Eurypterus
1516:Kasimovian
1512:Bashkirian
1505:Uncertain
1478:Bashkirian
1381:Kasimovian
1292:Eurypterus
1281:7 cm
1187:anteriorly
1148:A. dumonti
1132:A. moyseyi
1108:A. wilsoni
1045:A. irinae.
955:Pterygotus
891:arthropods
887:eurypterid
841:Eurypterus
794:derbiensis
792:Eurypterus
783:A. moyseyi
772:Hall, 1884
766:Eurypterus
671:A. wilsoni
607:A. pyrrhae
583:A. piussii
535:A. moyseyi
487:A. lohesti
403:A. dumonti
367:A. corneti
286:33 species
172:Arthropoda
128:James Hall
9452:Metastoma
9436:Xiphosura
9426:Arachnida
9213:Geography
8777:Kingdom:
8685:128745616
8644:140535807
8603:130931651
8574:130625350
8496:0031-0182
8447:1860-1014
8366:128596620
8300:128763113
8156:131526496
8148:2053-5945
8091:131123467
8036:221590821
7795:225748023
6798:Bell 1922
6509:Citations
6425:Cordaites
6337:arachnids
6325:hemolymph
6283:phosphate
6231:ostracods
6150:Moscovian
6118:Moscovian
5973:A. imhofi
5916:A. zadrai
5912:A. imhofi
5292:carapaces
4604:Hastimima
4517:Sakmarian
4402:A. imhofi
4378:Moscovian
4349:A. zadrai
4345:Quaregnon
4337:Charleroi
4321:A. irinae
4309:A. irinae
4197:Paleozoic
4095:Famennian
4048:A. dubius
3993:Laurentia
3973:Laurentia
3936:Deucalion
3902:A. dubius
3856:In 2013,
3841:) of the
3831:A. dubius
3825:in 2012;
3773:A. irinae
3619:Quaregnon
3569:A. zadrai
3565:Charleroi
3553:A. zadrai
3443:A. imhofi
3202:Ben Peach
3103:The name
3074:Frankfurt
3062:A. imhofi
2971:A. zadrai
2967:A. zadrai
2963:A. zadrai
2955:A. zadrai
2938:A. imhofi
2892:Moscovian
2882:A. imhofi
2869:Woodward
2731:A. imhofi
2699:Moscovian
2635:Lamsdell
2616:Moscovian
2606:A. imhofi
2496:Possible
2466:Moscovian
2379:Sakmarian
2331:Moscovian
2316:Woodward
2295:Moscovian
2213:A. imhofi
2156:Famennian
2143:Possible
2132:Dewalque
2089:Moscovian
2079:A. imhofi
2054:A. dubius
2026:A. imhofi
1968:A. dubius
1952:A. moysei
1865:Moscovian
1830:sternites
1816:Moscovian
1770:Moscovian
1755:Stainier
1735:A. dubius
1727:A. zadrai
1703:A. dubius
1647:Sakmarian
1599:A. imhofi
1468:A. imhofi
1371:A. imhofi
1335:Moscovian
1320:Melendez
1285:Famennian
1211:laterally
1195:metastoma
1128:A. irinae
1116:A. zadrai
1025:phylogeny
942:Australia
683:A. zadrai
612:Lamsdell
439:A. irinae
427:A. imhofi
391:A. dubius
158:Kingdom:
152:Eukaryota
9511:Q4682031
9505:Wikidata
9473:Category
9395:Arcuites
9368:Slimonia
9193:Devonian
9188:Silurian
8975:Suborder
8868:Suborder
8845:Taxonomy
8783:Phylum:
8779:Animalia
8694:Websites
8525:59488956
8469:: 79â90.
8333:91741388
8271:84097923
8242:84858705
8215:: 81â83.
8028:32916114
7991:19828493
6451:See also
6434:salinity
6291:lamellae
6273:Through
6061:brackish
5870:certain.
5094:Slimonia
4700:and the
4493:Asselian
4268:Scotland
4064:Frasnian
3989:Avalonia
3977:Avalonia
3955:Devonian
3874:carapace
3870:Pontebba
3835:dubius =
3204:in 1882.
3132:subgenus
3043:grÄnĹsus
3039:granosus
2846:Frasnian
2780:Størmer
2536:than in
2364:Barbour
2198:Asselian
1982:Shpinev
1938:Givetian
1886:Shpinev
1838:tergites
1668:Shpinev
1643:Asselian
1628:de Lima
1586:Pruvost
1567:Asselian
1455:Pruvost
1242:Species
1179:carapace
1168:Slimonia
1092:Devonian
1062:nektonic
1056:such as
987:carapace
983:holotype
698:Synonyms
277:Species
214:Family:
168:Phylum:
162:Animalia
148:Domain:
9551:3581791
9538:1206363
9525:4650061
9241:Oceania
9203:Permian
8665:Bibcode
8624:Bibcode
7982:2865068
7948:1304420
7929:: 1â15.
7850:Bibcode
7775:Bibcode
6443:Limulus
6419:Walchia
6389:Limulus
6386:(genus
6223:insects
6192:of the
6144:in the
5290:Fossil
4505:Bussaco
4450:Permian
4360:bivalve
4260:England
4248:Germany
4240:Ukraine
4236:Belgium
4141:Siberia
4107:Belgium
3985:Baltica
3969:Baltica
3920:nodules
3878:piussii
3806:Ukraine
3780:of the
3463:dumonti
3419:Campine
3335:dumonti
3310:Bussaco
3109:lepidus
2925:PĹibyl
2828:Tetlie
2718:Dunbar
2414:Decker
1801:Jordan
1551:Grabau
1254:Length
1251:Status
1245:Author
1207:abdomen
1177:), the
1085:Permian
1079:known,
972:Permian
964:Pangaea
901:to the
616:., 2020
267:Jordan
240:Jordan
227:Genus:
188:Order:
9231:Europe
9221:Africa
8852:Genera
8683:
8642:
8601:
8572:
8523:
8494:
8445:
8383:
8364:
8331:
8298:
8269:
8240:
8154:
8146:
8089:
8034:
8026:
7989:
7979:
7946:
7906:
7829:
7793:
6162:uplift
6069:marine
6023:telson
4317:Russia
4272:France
4256:Russia
4250:, the
4017:Emsian
3786:Russia
3602:Donets
3577:Berlin
3503:Canada
3415:boring
2933:Valid
2877:Valid
2839:Valid
2830:et al.
2795:Emsian
2788:Valid
2726:Valid
2646:Valid
2637:et al.
2601:Valid
2562:Valid
2509:VisĂŠan
2485:Peach
2459:Valid
2372:Valid
2324:Valid
2288:Valid
2241:Valid
2191:Valid
2074:Valid
2066:Peach
1990:Valid
1923:Valid
1894:Valid
1858:Valid
1850:Reuss
1763:Valid
1676:Valid
1636:Valid
1594:Valid
1559:Valid
1463:Valid
1412:Peach
1402:does.
1366:Valid
1328:Valid
1278:Valid
1219:telson
1191:ocelli
1019:as a "
934:Europe
768:stylus
9564:18949
9533:IRMNG
8832:Clade
8823:Clade
8814:Clade
8805:Clade
8796:Clade
8681:S2CID
8640:S2CID
8599:S2CID
8570:S2CID
8537:(PDF)
8521:S2CID
8459:(PDF)
8362:S2CID
8329:S2CID
8296:S2CID
8267:S2CID
8238:S2CID
8152:S2CID
8087:S2CID
8032:S2CID
7944:JSTOR
7874:(PDF)
7791:S2CID
6341:lungs
6339:with
6329:blood
6304:'
6173:them.
4343:from
4335:from
4307:-age
4276:Italy
4264:Wales
4244:China
4232:Spain
4103:Liège
4011:from
3866:Udine
3862:Italy
3814:from
3804:from
2737:? cm
2695:? cm
2612:? cm
2505:? cm
2451:Hall
2233:Hall
2152:? cm
2085:? cm
1861:? cm
1605:? cm
1562:? cm
1508:? cm
1474:? cm
1377:? cm
1358:Bell
1331:? cm
1248:Year
614:et al
9520:GBIF
9226:Asia
8492:ISSN
8443:ISSN
8381:ASIN
8144:ISSN
8024:PMID
7987:PMID
7904:ISBN
7827:ISBN
6281:. A
6237:and
6116:and
6033:The
5954:and
5942:and
5399:and
5341:and
4721:and
4683:and
4607:and
4552:and
4537:Elmo
4384:and
4376:The
4339:and
4274:and
4080:and
4046:and
3991:and
3975:and
3900:and
3829:and
3808:and
3638:and
3589:Lens
3445:and
3398:(or
3258:(as
3219:(as
3196:and
3153:and
3118:and
2929:1952
2873:1888
2835:2004
2814:and
2784:1969
2722:1924
2688:1873
2670:and
2642:2020
2597:1948
2558:2013
2489:1882
2455:1877
2418:1938
2368:1914
2320:1907
2284:1868
2237:1877
2215:and
2187:1981
2136:1889
2070:1888
2052:and
2040:and
1986:2012
1966:and
1954:and
1919:2018
1890:2006
1854:1855
1805:1854
1759:1915
1741:and
1672:2012
1632:1890
1590:1939
1555:1920
1501:1933
1459:1930
1416:1882
1362:1922
1324:1971
1274:1888
1171:and
1114:and
970:and
940:and
938:Asia
48:Preę
8673:doi
8632:doi
8591:doi
8562:doi
8513:doi
8484:doi
8480:252
8433:doi
8406:doi
8354:doi
8321:doi
8288:doi
8259:doi
8230:doi
8177:doi
8136:doi
8079:doi
8054:doi
8050:119
8014:doi
7977:PMC
7969:doi
7858:doi
7783:doi
6331:of
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