724:
905:
935:, who reached and besieged Bijapur, but was ultimately unsuccessful. The greatest threat to Bijapur's security was, from the late 16th century, the expansion of the Mughal Empire into the Deccan. Various agreements and treaties imposed Mughal suzerainty on the Adil Shahs, by stages, until Bijapur's forced recognition of Mughal authority in 1636 from another invasion, forcing them to pay tribute to the Mughal emperor. As a reward for this gesture, the recent Mughal conquest of Ahmednagar was partitioned between the two states. It was after this humiliation of recognizing Mughal suzerainty, however, that Bijapur reached its territorial peak, when it stretched from the
897:
of influence such that the latter was let to conquer the Berar
Sultanate, provided the Adil Shahis could expand southwards into the territory of the decaying Vijayanagara Empire without the hindrance of the Nizam Shahis. However, as Bidar did not fall under either of these spheres of influence, Malik Ambar, then de facto ruler of Ahmednagar, grew irate, and invaded Bijapur, reaching the capital relatively unopposed, but later withdrew. The sultan, in addition to his work on Nauraspur, constructed many architectural works near Bijapur which composed the
518:. The greatest threat to Bijapur's security was, from the late 16th century, the expansion of the Mughal Empire into the Deccan. Although it was the case that the Mughals destroyed the Adilshahi, it was Shivaji's revolt which weakened the Adilshahi control. Various agreements and treaties imposed Mughal suzerainty on the Adil Shahs, by stages, until Bijapur's formal recognition of Mughal authority in 1636. The demands of their Mughal overlords sapped the Adil Shahs of their wealth until the Mughal conquest of Bijapur in 1686.
527:
997:, the last Adil Shahi sultan, ruled next for fourteen troublesome years. His reign saw multiple civil wars and much internal strife and unrest, particularly over who should be his regent, as he was only four at the time of his accession. Khawas Khan, Sikandar Adil Shah's initial regent and leader of the Deccani faction, was the same as Muhammad's during his regency, but was quickly removed from power. Shivaji formally founded an independent Maratha Kingdom, which went on to become the
49:
824:
650:; though initially successful and having an advantage in artillery, the first major appearance of which in a South Asian battle, Ismail was routed by the Vijayanagara forces in a surprise counter-attack, scattering much of his forces. The battle contained a contingent of Portuguese mercenaries, which were opposed to the Adil Shahis following their encounters a decade prior. Not long after Ismail's retreat, Krishnadevaraya captured the fort of
1278:
1045:
780:
was a shell of its former self. With this victory, Ali I then fortified
Bijapur with a city wall, which facilitated the further centralization of authority. Subsequent architectural projects gave way to the growth of the city and its skilled class. Another conflict between Ahmednagar and Bijapur arose in 1567; Ali invaded the former and his forces occupied multiple forts, but the war ended up inconclusive. In 1570, a
698:, but did not seize any territory in the long-term and returned home only with non-territorial rewards. In another conflict with the Portuguese, Ibrahim was forced to cede two ports in the fear that trade through Goa might be cut off from the Adil Shahis. His kingdom was invaded four times by the forces of the Ahmednagar Sultanate in his reign, who were the Sultanate's greatest adversary; Sultan
1978:
971:, multiple other forts, and reached Bijapur, though were forced to retreat before they could lay siege to the city; Aurangzeb was nevertheless able to annex much of the occupied territory, including Bidar. The stability of the Bijapur Sultante was again affected by further troubles with the Marathas, who persisted with raids and rebellions.
715:
freedom to expand in the territory of Bidar provided
Bijapur could have the same freedom to annex lands from Vijayanagara; thus Ibrahim imprisoned Ali Barid Shahi of Bidar despite their former alliance, though he was later freed by Jamsheed out of his yearning for a buffer state in the Deccan. Burhan Nizam Shah four times laid siege to
763:
by Ali, but his forces voluntarily raised the siege; Hussain too was forced to abandon his siege of
Kaliyani, and the only profiteer of the conflict was Vijayanagara, who gained territory from an invasion of Golconda. Vijayanagara additionally gained land from Bijapur through persuasion; this included the cities of
1001:, in 1674, and by then had de facto control over much of the Adil Shahis' original territory in the Deccan. He after this undid almost all of the southern Bijapuri conquests, and annexed this territory into his own state, including the recently captured Tanjore. On 12 September 1686, the Mughal armies under
2998:
The official language of the court at Bījāpūr during the ʿĀdelšāhī period and until the end of Mughal rule in 1274/1858 was
Persian. Indeed, Yūsof ʿĀdelšāh (895–916/1489–1510) and his son Esmāʿīl themselves wrote poetry in Persian, Esmāʿīl under the pen name Wafāʾī. The ʿĀdelšāhīs established Shiʿism
896:
of western India. Bijapur, under
Ibrahim II, conquered the neighbouring Bidar Sultanate in 1619, although effective control over the state had been achieved as early as 1580. This was preceded by an agreement between the rulers of Bijapur and the Ahmednagar Sultanate, where they divided their spheres
779:
states prompted the emigration of much of
Vijayanagara's populace to Bijapur. The entire Raichur Doab and the surrounding area were returned to Bijapur. The Vijayanagara military was demolished, and the power of the kingdom had been significantly diminished from the effects of the battle and as such
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of
Ahmednagar. In 1597, despite their past quarrels, the Adil Shahis formed an alliance with Ahmednagar and Golconda to deter further Mughal advance in the Deccan, who had recently conquered Berar from Ahmednagar. Their alliance, led under a Bijapuri general, was defeated in their attempts to defeat
693:
succeeded Mallu as the son of Ismail in 1535. He reestablished the state religion as
Sunnism, and made drastic anti-Westerner court changes by abolishing the use of the Persian language in certain administrative tasks, though retaining it as the official language of the Sultanate and expelling many
762:
and other cities in the kingdom. Hussain sued for peace in 1561, and in return was forced to submit to Rama Raya and return
Kaliyani to Ali Adil Shah. In 1563 Hussain attempted to regain Kaliyani and again laid siege to it. Another conflict ensued with the same belligerents; Ahmednagar was besieged
943:
through continued southern conquests. The Sultanate of Bijapur would come however into rapid political and general decline halfway through Muhammad's reign, primarily due to the strain in relations with nobles and landholders, many of whom later deserted to work for the Mughal bureaucracy, and the
714:
of Berar. The war comprised numerous invasions by the belligerents of their opponents' states, and was a defeat for the Bijapuri–Bidar side, who were forced to cede one of the northern districts of the Bijapur Sultanate to Ahmednagar. Burhan and Ibrahim agreed to a policy of allowing Ahmednagar
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attempted to intervene in the conflict to seek mediation, but was unsuccessful. Amir Barid, in exchange for his life following his capture, gave up the fort of Bidar, which was subsequently looted by Ismail and his troops. Another campaign the following year saw Ismail recapture Raichur and
719:
throughout these conflicts, but did not successfully retain it until a third invasion, where territory on the southern border was additionally occupied. Burhan advanced in a fourth invasion in 1553 with Vijayanagara almost to the Bijapuri capital, but retreated due to his failing health.
851:
was set on the throne, then only nine years of age in 1580. Control of the regency was constantly fought over in the years following his accession; there were many years when his regent was the influential Kamal Khan, while later in his minority absolute control was wielded by the
801:
writes that his "armies destroyed two to three hundred Hindu temples" and that he replaced many of these with Shia religious buildings. By 1576, the land gained under Ali I's reign had doubled the sultanate's holdings. Ali furthermore commenced diplomatic relations with the
856:
Dilawar Khan, who reverted the official sect of the sultanate back to Sunni Islam, the final change in creed the state would undergo. Dilawar's supremacy ended with his deposition by Ibrahim II in 1590. Ibrahim's ensuing unhindered rule was one of prosperity and patronage;
784:
began in the hopes of expelling them completely from India; this did not go according to plan, however, and Ali was defeated after multiple encounters in 1571. He subsequently annexed more land from Vijayanagara in a campaign lasting until 1575, in which he conquered
2635:
956:
commander in the service of Mohammed Adil Shah who had been employed in the Karnatak campaigns. Muhammad Adil Shah died in 1656, though was effectively powerless in the last decade of his life from a paralyzing illness which first affected him in 1646.
637:
it soon after Ismail's accession in 1510; Ismail retook the settlement two months later, however, but the Portuguese again conquered it in November of that year. In 1514 a dispute over Gulbaraga province led the rulers of the Ahmednagar, Golconda, and
869:, additionally reached its zenith under Ibrahim's rule, while the capital became one of the most prosperous in India; population estimates of the city in the latter half of Ibrahim's rule range as high as one million, and contrasting accounts from a
749:
and Kaliyani, both of which had been taken from the Sultanate in past Ahmednagari invasions, given the domestic and foreign strife Ahmednagar had been facing, but was declined. He subsequently invaded the Nizam Shahi kingdom, with assistance from
671:
from Vijayanagara, whose monarch Krishnadevaraya had recently died. Amir Barid, as he was present at the engagement, there agreed with Ismail to cede him the forts of Kalyani and Qandhar in exchange for Ismail's relinquishment of Bidar.
873:
in Ali I's rule and a Mughal diplomat in the same period of Ibrahim's rule show the increase of wealth of the commoners and city. In 1594, Ibrahim suppressed a rebellion of his brother Ismail, who had been aided in his efforts by
771:. Wary of the growing power of Vijayanagara, Ali aligned his forces with the Sultans of Golconda, Ahmednagar and Bidar, despite their past conflicts, and together brought down the Vijayanagara Empire in 1565 in the decisive
1203:
in style. In contrast to North Indian contemporary painting, it almost never depicted events and scenes of war, and rather focused on atmospheres and picturesque fantasies and dreams, straying away from logic in general.
887:
in 1599, three kilometers west of Bijapur as a planned great center of learning and art as a garden and palace city, but it was never fully completed and was destroyed in 1624. In 1618, the sultan lost the fortress of
1071:, influenced by that of the Middle East. Adil Shahi architecture was of high sculptrual quality, attained through its localized and unique nature. Characteristic of Adil Shahi architecture was large domes and
926:
succeeded his father Ibrahim II in 1627. Under Muhammad's reign, the Sultanate of Bijapur reached its peak, territorially and in power and economic prosperity. He created his own mausoleum in Bijapur, the
621:
was still a boy. Ismail's regent at the time, Kamal Khan, staged a coup against him, but was unsuccessful and was killed. Ismail thus became the full ruler of Bijapur. A colonial expedition of the
931:, and repelled another invasion by the Ahmednagar Sultanate early in his rule. The first invasion of the Sultanate of Bijapur by the Mughal Empire also took place under Muhammad's rule in 1631 by
694:
of the Westernerns and replacing them with the opposing faction, the Deccanis. Ibrahim also invaded the Vijayanagara Empire in his reign; he pillaged multiple cities and besieged their capital,
654:. A later diplomatic conflict saw Krishnadevaraya occupy the capital of Bijapur for an extended period through the sultan's insistence to not see the emperor. Ismail invaded the territory of
775:. Rama Raya was beheaded after being captured by the Deccani side. Vijayanagara and nearby cities were sacked and looted, the former city for a period of five to six months, which historian
2257:, were a faction within the Deccani and Bahmani courts which included anyone not native to the subcontinent (hence "west" of it), and were typically Persian-speaking and of the Shi'a faith.
1149:
and a massive dome, the largest in the Islamic world upon its near-completion upon Muhammad's death in 1656. The last main Adil Shahi architectural project was the unfinished mausoleum of
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2221:. 'Khan', meaning 'Chief' in various Central Asian cultures and adopted in Persian, conferred a lower status than 'Shah', indicating royal rank. Only with the rule of Yusuf's grandson,
879:
the Mughal forces despite outnumbering them three to one. Ahmednagar fully fell to Mughal sovereignty in 1600, but Ibrahim continued to support the later successful revival efforts of
355:, the collective name of the five successor states of the Bahmani Sultanate. At its peak, the Sultanate of Bijapur was one of the most powerful states in South Asia, second to the
723:
683:, and is noted for his lack of competence. His indifference to taking care of the responsibilities of his role as sultan led Vijayanagara to invade the Sultanate and seize the
646:. The siege would continue for three months until the emperor's encounter with Ismail, who attempted to relieve the siege. Ismail was defeated by Krishnadevaraya there in the
642:
Sultanates to invade the provinces of Ismail Adil Shah, but they were deterred and Ismail emerged victorious. In 1520, Krishnadevaraya laid siege to the Bijapuri fort of
502:
Incessant conflicts with the Sultanate's neighbours curtailed the development of the Bijapur state. The Deccan sultanates allied to achieve victory over Vijayanagara at
598:; after which he, for the first time, proclaimed Shia Islam to be the official religion of his territorial holdings. He married Punji, the sister of a Maratha Raja of
293:
279:
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Chapter on "Persian Literature in Bijapur Sultanate" in The Rise, Growth And Decline of Indo-Persian Literature by R.M. Chopra, Iran Culture House, New Delhi, 2012.
381:
The Bijapur Sultanate's borders changed considerably throughout its history. Its northern boundary remained relatively stable, straddling contemporary Southern
4740:
909:
4735:
1129:, the sultanate's most prolfific patron, the aspects of Adil Shahi architecture evolved to focus on intricate carvings and detail and adopted a style of
2382:
The Adil Shahi rulers of Bijapur used written Marathi for local government, including revenue collection and judicial matters, as did the Nizam Shahis.
983:
with Shivaji. Despite further Maratha advances in the north, Ali continued his southern campaigns in the Karnatak and Carnatic, in which he captured
48:
861:
thrived under his reign, with its adherents and many people of talent flocking to Bijapur, largely due to his own talent as a musician and poet.
582:. In 1490, Yusuf took advantage of the decline of Bahmani power to establish himself as an independent sultan at Bijapur, pursuing the same goal
1133:; this change is seen in the Malika Jahan Begum mosque built by the sultan in 1586. His most notable commissioned work though was the eponymous
1239:, who after entering Ibrahim's service in 1604 and gaining his trust, on the sultan's suggestion wrote his history of the medieval Deccan, the
1033:
2154:
975:, a Bijapuri general, was sent to subdue Shivaji in 1659, but his expedition ended a disaster, as he was murdered and his home fort of
2125:
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prior to its independence in 1490 and before the former's political decline in the last quarter of the 15th century. It was one of the
378:. In 1490, he created a de facto independent Bijapur state, before becoming formally independent with the Bahmanis' collapse in 1518.
2508:
In 1481, Yusuf 'Adil Khan, a Persian slave who claimed to descend from the Ottoman sultan Murad III, became the governor of Bijapur.
491:), further adorned Bijapur with palaces, mosques, a mausoleum and other structures, considered to be some of the finest examples of
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374:, after emigrating to the Bahmani Sultanate, rose his position within the state and was appointed governor of the province of
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allied himself initially with Bidar in his first invasion, which saw no territorial losses for Bijapur, but Bidar, ruled by
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remained the capital of the Sultanate throughout its existence. After modest earlier developments, Ibrahim Adil Shah I and
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Shaheen, Shagufta; Shahid, Sajjad (2018). "The Unique Literary Traditions of Dakhnī". In Azam, Kousar J. (ed.).
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Mondini, Sara (2020). "The Jami Masjid Miḥrāb of Bijapur: Inscribing Turkic Identities in a Contested Space".
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which the city had undergone since April of the previous year, and the Sultanate of Bijapur came to an end.
562:, although this is considered unfounded by modern historians. Another theory states he was a Turkman of the
1211:, and Bijapur was one of the centers for its early literary evolution. Ibrahim II was a skillful writer of
2284:
2113:
1121:, and was commissioned in 1576. The largest of any structure of its type in the Deccan at its inception,
3593:
1265:
Nine sultans ruled the Sultanate of Bijapur from 1490 to 1686, their title being the Sultan of Bijapur.
706:, later allied itself with Bijapur in the second invasion. This saw a quadruple alliance of Ahmednagar,
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4755:
4350:
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2140:
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634:
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1243:, which serves as the basis for much of the modern historiography on the region and period. The later
1137:, completed in 1626, comprising a mosque built in honour of his wife and a mausoleum for his dynasty.
1068:
496:
17:
2089:
741:, who next ascended the throne in 1558, reestablished Shiism as the state religion. He inquired of
583:
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Local States in an Imperial World : Identity, Society and Politics in the Early Modern Deccan
1145:, his own mausoleum and one of the greatest monuments in Bijapur. It is supported by large arched
510:
in 1619. The Sultanate was thereafter relatively stable, although it was damaged by the revolt of
3412:
2034:
1105:
to them. The first building to fully employ the characteristics of Adil Shahi architecture was a
963:
inherited a troubled kingdom. His state was invaded by Mughal forces in 1657, under then viceroy
707:
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1997:
1187:. Miniature painting was virtually nonexistant in the Bijapur Sultanate prior to the reign of
2039:
2019:
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591:
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in Bījāpūr and actively encouraged the immigration of Persian writers and religious figures.
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Architecture and Art of the Deccan Sultanates (The New Cambridge History of India Vol. I:7)
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1219:, a Deccani musical poetry work, and patronized many poets and their works of art. His
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for the greater cause of pushing back the Mughals. Ibrahim II also founded the city of
828:
772:
503:
424:. Bijapur, for most of its history, was bounded on the west by the Portuguese state of
398:
168:
4656:
793:; Ali embarked on a monarch-transcending campaign to capture and subjugate all of the
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in 1534, whose reign was short-lived. He was installed by a prominent Bijapuri noble,
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4617:
4538:
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4429:"'Kiss My Foot,' Said the King: Firearms, Diplomacy and the Battle for Raichur, 1520"
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A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: From Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century
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A painting of "The House of Bijapur" completed in the year 1680, during the reign of
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245:
4554:"Book Culture, Royal Libraries, and Persianate Painting in Bijapur, circa 1580‒1630"
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calls it "one of the most imposing and magnificent structures in the Deccan." Under
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of Bidar in 1529; he cut off the supply lines to the city and began to besiege it.
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in his reign, and Eaton opines that these actions brought the sultanate into the
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in 1565. The state would further expand through its conquest of the neighbouring
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Courtly Encounters: Translating Courtliness and Violence in Early Modern Eurasia
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from the Adil Shahis. Mallu Adil Shah was soon blinded and removed from power.
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Alam, Muzaffar (1998). "The pursuit of Persian: Language in Mughal Politics".
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Iran and the Surrounding World: Interactions in Culture and Cultural Politics
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514:, who would found an independent Maratha Kingdom which went on to become the
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Map of the Adil Shahi dynasty of the Bijapur Sultanate at its greatest extent
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1039:
816:
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420:), extended Bijapur's formal borders and nominal authority as far south as
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183:
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The Courts of the Deccan Sultanates: Living Well in the Persian Cosmopolis
2523:
A History of the Muslim World since 1260: The Making of a Global Community
4297:"Iran and the Deccan: Persianate Art, Culture, and Talent in Circulation"
2360:"Persian in the Villages, or, the Language of Jamiat Rai's Account Books"
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as well the same year, where his zealotry for Shiism was put on display;
731:, a manuscript on astrology and metaphysics completed under the reign of
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origin. According to the narrative presented by contemporary historian
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386:
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2289:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 147, map XIV.4 (k).
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A Social History of the Deccan, 1300-1761 : Eight Indian Lives
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389:. The Sultanate expanded southward, first with the conquest of the
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The Adil Shahi sultans promoted the development of writing in the
1093:, the first sultan, began his work by expanding on two dargahs at
1044:
454:) remodelled Bijapur, providing the citadel and city walls, and a
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and his successors. The Bijapur school of painting was rooted in
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War, Culture and Society in Early Modern South Asia, 1740-1849
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Architecture of the Deccan sultanates § Bijapur Sultanate
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Yusuf's bravery and personality raised him rapidly in Sultan
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1247:, one of the foremost Deccani poets, wrote the romance work
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come into common use. Even then, Bijapur rulers recognized
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578:'s favour, resulting in his appointment as the Governor of
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2740:"The Safavids and Mughal Relations with the Deccan States"
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Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient
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3537:
3513:
3351:
3268:
3244:
3232:
3205:
3055:
3031:
3004:
2936:
2934:
2914:
2770:
2690:
2654:
2567:
2493:
Medieval Islamic Civilization, Volume 1 An Encyclopedia
2471:
4669:
History of Medieval Deccan (1295–1724) : Volume I
4661:. Krishnavas International Printers, Hyderabad Deccan.
4206:
4007:
3636:
3525:
3491:
3489:
3476:
3474:
3472:
3387:
3222:
3220:
3193:
3130:
3106:
2963:
2961:
542:, may have been a Georgian slave who was purchased by
3995:
3802:
3747:
3684:
3280:
2902:
2878:
2624:. International Journal of Social Studies 4 (1): 423.
2444:
2412:
1157:, which stopped construction upon his death in 1672.
3735:
3723:
3660:
3082:
2931:
2830:
2818:
2666:
4582:, ed. (1974). "The Five Sultanates of the Deccan".
4534:
The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent
4398:Eaton, Richard M. (2008). "Rama Raya (1484–1565)".
3501:
3486:
3469:
3457:
3445:
3319:
3307:
3295:
3217:
3181:
3169:
3118:
3094:
2958:
2946:
2806:
2794:
2719:
2678:
629:, exerted pressure on the major Adil Shahi port of
594:, Yusuf conquered and annexed the Bahmani taraf of
586:had the same year. In 1504, following the death of
3624:
3429:
4609:
4110:
4055:
4028:
3989:
3977:
3965:
3950:
3938:
3926:
3880:
3772:
3705:
3579:
3381:
3076:
4727:
534:in 1525, the Sultanate of Bijapur in center-left
4658:The Bahmanis of the Deccan – An Objective Study
2519:
842:
4299:. Indiana University Press. pp. 44, 409.
2600:. University of Washington Press. p. 25.
4741:States and territories disestablished in 1686
4630:
4200:
3411:Asher, Catherine B.; Talbor, Cynthia (2006).
2148:
1257:, and a narrative of the sultan's conquests.
4634:Languages and Literary Cultures in Hyderabad
2450:
2311:Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals
2282:
605:Yusuf died in 1510, in a confrontation with
4720:The Adil Shahi Kingdom (1510 CE to 1686 CE)
3410:
2708:
754:, then de facto ruler of Vijayanagara, and
4736:States and territories established in 1490
4610:Mitchell, George; Zebrowski, Mark (1999).
4441:(1). Cambridge University Press: 289–313.
4313:
4164:"Deccani Paintings: The School of Bijapur"
3437:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
3427:
3417:. Cambridge University Press. p. 169.
2744:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
2589:
2587:
2331:(2). Cambridge University Press: 317–349.
2155:
2141:
1927:
1915:
1899:
1887:
1871:
1859:
1842:
1830:
1814:
1802:
1786:
1774:
1758:
1746:
1730:
1718:
1702:
1691:
1160:
47:
4616:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2457:. Harvard University Press. p. 101.
2375:
439:The former Bahmani provincial capital of
4665:
4651:
4592:
4578:
4282:
4224:
4168:The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs
3909:
3868:
3844:
3832:
3820:
3796:
3784:
3717:
3678:
3654:
3618:
3567:
3555:
3543:
3519:
3360:
3262:
3211:
3163:
3151:
3061:
3049:
3037:
3025:
3013:
2925:
2896:
2776:
2712:Studies in Indology and Medieval History
2696:
2660:
2640:. Pearson Education India. p. 174.
2633:
2578:
2540:
2477:
1937:
1676:
1276:
1043:
903:
822:
722:
558:, Yusuf was a son of the Ottoman Sultan
525:
27:Indian kingdom in the Deccan (1490–1686)
4676:
4551:
4474:
4349:
4294:
4263:
4212:
4067:
4013:
3693:
3642:
3531:
3289:
2908:
2884:
2788:
2584:
2433:The Peacock Throne by Waldemar Hansen.
1993:Political history of medieval Karnataka
1117:, however, was built under the rule of
831:, showing the nine Bijapur sultans and
14:
4728:
4457:India in the Persianate Age, 1000–1765
4356:History of Medieval India 800–1700 A.D
4122:
3591:
3406:
3404:
3402:
2357:
1199:painting and culture, and was usually
570:Founding and consolidation (1490–1580)
4530:
4495:
4453:
4426:
4397:
4373:
4236:
4040:
4001:
3856:
3808:
3753:
3741:
3729:
3666:
3630:
3507:
3495:
3480:
3463:
3451:
3393:
3325:
3313:
3301:
3226:
3199:
3187:
3136:
3112:
3088:
2967:
2952:
2940:
2872:
2860:
2848:
2836:
2824:
2737:
2725:
2672:
2594:Nikki R. Keddie,Rudi Matthee (2011).
2513:
2421:
2396:A Textbook of Medieval Indian History
2191:
2189:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1628:
1626:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1583:
1581:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1538:
1536:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1493:
1491:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1470:
1468:
1457:
1439:
1437:
1421:
1406:
1404:
1393:
1375:
1373:
1355:
1349:
1347:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1304:
1302:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1235:. Another employed by the sultan was
1059:The architecture of the Sultanate of
4595:"Eighty Years of Dakani Scholarship"
4516:
4243:. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 383.
4161:
4129:Journal of the Royal Society of Arts
4071:Turkish History and Culture in India
3274:
3250:
3238:
3175:
3124:
3100:
2812:
2800:
2715:. Joshi & Lokhande. p. 176.
2684:
2550:Historic Cities of the Islamic World
2489:
2322:
2249:The "Westerners", alternatively the
546:. Other historians mentioned him of
3892:
3399:
2393:
2387:
136:
24:
4701:
4460:. University of California Press.
4125:"Indian Paintings from the Deccan"
2483:
2313:, Part II, (Har-Anand, 2009), 210.
2204:Written only, for local government
2186:
25:
4772:
4713:
4523:Cambridge History Of India Vol. 2
4319:
2979:
2547:Clifford Edmund Bosworth (2007).
1260:
4683:Bidar, Its History and Monuments
4288:
4257:
4230:
4155:
4116:
4061:
3886:
3598:. Association Press (Y.M.C.A.).
2286:A Historical atlas of South Asia
2283:Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978).
1976:
1141:facilitated the creation of the
1023:Deccan sultanates § Bijapur
847:Ali I had no son, so his nephew
401:in 1565. Later campaigns in the
291:
277:
263:
238:
120:(1490–1504, 1534–58, after 1582)
4672:. Government of Andhra Pradesh.
4380:The Sufis of Bijapur, 1300-1700
3592:Bailey, Thomas Grahame (1932).
3585:
3421:
3331:
2973:
2731:
2702:
2627:
2614:
2243:
2227:
2207:
2174:Adil Shahi–Portuguese conflicts
1936:
1027:
710:of Golconda, Vijayanagara, and
486:
475:
464:
449:
415:
4666:Sherwani, Haroon Khan (1973).
4502:. Cambridge University Press.
4481:. Edinburgh University Press.
4404:. Cambridge University Press.
4383:. Princeton University Press.
2634:Farooqui, Salma Ahmed (2011).
2427:
2351:
2316:
2303:
2276:
2198:
409:, notably during the reign of
370:The founder of the Sultanate,
13:
1:
4526:. Cambridge University Press.
4295:Overton, Keelan, ed. (2020).
4264:Hambley, Gavin R. G. (1999).
4111:Mitchell & Zebrowski 1999
4056:Mitchell & Zebrowski 1999
4029:Mitchell & Zebrowski 1999
3990:Mitchell & Zebrowski 1999
3978:Mitchell & Zebrowski 1999
3966:Mitchell & Zebrowski 1999
3951:Mitchell & Zebrowski 1999
3939:Mitchell & Zebrowski 1999
3927:Mitchell & Zebrowski 1999
3881:Mitchell & Zebrowski 1999
3773:Mitchell & Zebrowski 1999
3706:Mitchell & Zebrowski 1999
3580:Mitchell & Zebrowski 1999
3382:Mitchell & Zebrowski 1999
3077:Mitchell & Zebrowski 1999
2451:Subrahmanyam, Sanjay (2012).
2398:. Primus Books. p. 119.
2264:
1662:
908:Painting by Bijapuri painter
3595:A History of Urdu Literature
2269:
2240:suzerainty over their realm.
1932:
1921:
1909:
1904:
1893:
1881:
1876:
1865:
1853:
1848:
1836:
1824:
1819:
1808:
1796:
1791:
1780:
1768:
1763:
1752:
1740:
1735:
1724:
1712:
1707:
1696:
1685:
1281:Genealogy of Yusuf Adil Shah
1052:in Bijapur, commissioned by
843:Peak and decline (1580–1686)
782:conflict with the Portuguese
538:The founder of the dynasty,
393:following the defeat of the
343:dynasty. Bijapur had been a
7:
4686:. Oxford University Press.
4593:Matthews, David J. (1993).
2217:, generally used the title
1952:
1175:The Adil Shahis partook in
944:revolt of then governor of
10:
4777:
4722:by Dr. (Mrs) Jyotsna Kamat
4599:The Annual of Urdu Studies
4454:Eaton, Richard M. (2019).
4427:Eaton, Richard M. (2009).
4343:
3344:Metropolitan Museum of Art
2622:"Turks in Karnataka" (PDF)
2496:. Routledge. p. 108.
1998:Origin of Karnataka's name
1164:
1109:built during the reign of
1037:
1031:
1020:
1016:
987:and other cities from the
745:that he may be given back
521:
432:, and to the north by the
4588:. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.
4537:. Yale University Press.
4240:The Kingdom of Ahmadnagar
4201:Shaheen & Shahid 2018
4080:10.1163/9789004437364_011
2377:10.1163/15685209-12341551
2337:10.1017/s0026749x98002947
1624:
1622:
1579:
1577:
1534:
1532:
1489:
1487:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1435:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1371:
1367:
1361:
1318:
1316:
1069:Indo-Islamic architecture
497:Indo-Islamic architecture
307:
217:
213:
203:
193:
189:
179:
175:
162:
149:
145:
135:
127:
104:
78:
68:
58:
46:
41:
34:
4552:Overton, Keelan (2016).
4531:Harle, James C. (1994).
4475:Fischel, Roy S. (2020).
2738:Anwar, M. Siraj (1991).
2620:Bolar, Varija R (2012).
2520:Vernon O. Egger (2016).
2179:
2090:Unification of Karnataka
1671:
1668:
1665:
1005:overpowered the city of
675:Ismail was succeeded by
584:Malik Ahmad Nizam Shah I
4496:Flatt, Emma J. (2019).
3899:. Taylor & Francis.
3428:Hardy, P. (1960–2005).
2490:Meri, Josef W. (2006).
2394:Sen, Sailendra (2013).
2358:Sheikh, Samira (2021).
2035:Western Chalukya Empire
1253:under the patronage of
1213:Deccani Urdu literature
1161:Painting and literature
1131:Hindu–Muslim syncretism
708:Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah
327:kingdom in the western
69:Official languages
4751:History of Maharashtra
4123:Binney, Edwin (1979).
4074:. BRILL. p. 294.
3441:. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
3339:"The House of Bijapur"
2988:. Encyclopædia Iranica
2080:Nayakas of Chitradurga
1677:Independence from the
1282:
1115:Jami Masjid of Bijapur
1056:
920:
839:
735:
535:
205:• Disestablished
4653:Sherwani, Haroon Khan
4237:Shyam, adhey (2008).
3893:Roy, Kaushik (2011).
2553:. BRILL. p. 55.
1843:ابراہیم عادل شاہ دوئم
1280:
1179:painting through the
1047:
952:, whose father was a
907:
826:
726:
627:Afonso de Albuquerque
529:
456:congregational mosque
430:Sultanate of Golconda
428:, on the east by the
114:(1504–34 and 1558–82)
79:Common languages
4746:Sultanate of Bijapur
4434:Modern Asian Studies
4359:. Orient BlackSwan.
4326:Encyclopædia Iranica
4270:Encyclopædia Iranica
4162:Gray, Basil (1938).
2709:G. H. Khare (1974).
2325:Modern Asian Studies
2232:), did the title of
2060:Sultanate of Bijapur
1970:History of Karnataka
1838:Ibrahim Adil Shah II
1787:ابراہیم عادل شاہ اول
1510:Ibrahim Adil Shah II
1065:Deccani architecture
1054:Ibrahim Adil Shah II
914:Ibrahim Adil Shah II
865:, both cultural and
758:, and laid siege to
743:Hussain Nizam Shah I
460:Ibrahim Adil Shah II
458:. Their successors,
434:Ahmednagar Sultanate
321:Sultanate of Bijapur
36:Sultanate of Bijapur
3912:, pp. 462–463.
3859:, pp. 190–191.
3847:, pp. 459–460.
3835:, pp. 258–259.
3799:, pp. 459–463.
3414:India Before Europe
3277:, pp. 453–454.
3253:, pp. 452–453.
3241:, pp. 451–452.
3166:, pp. 424–426.
3154:, pp. 423–424.
3052:, pp. 418–420.
3028:, pp. 417–418.
2899:, pp. 448–449.
2875:, pp. 306–307.
2863:, pp. 304–305.
2851:, pp. 302–303.
2791:, pp. 156–157.
2223:Ibrahim Adil Shah I
2213:Yusuf and his son,
2169:Islam in South Asia
2050:Vijayanagara Empire
1782:Ibrahim Adil Shah I
1409:Ibrahim Adil Shah I
1271:Adil Shahi dynasty
1111:Ibrahim Adil Shah I
1067:, was a variant of
999:Maratha Confederacy
892:to the independent
700:Burhan Nizam Shah I
691:Ibrahim Adil Shah I
516:Maratha Confederacy
287:Maratha Confederacy
195:• Established
4320:Eaton, Richard M.
3265:, p. 333–334.
2040:Southern Kalachuri
2030:Rashtrakuta Empire
1923:Sikandar Adil Shah
1867:Mohammed Adil Shah
1645:Sikandar Adil Shah
1555:Mohammed Adil Shah
1283:
1231:, a collection of
1139:Mohammed Adil Shah
1057:
995:Sikandar Adil Shah
979:was captured in a
924:Muhammad Adil Shah
921:
840:
829:Sikandar Adil Shah
773:Battle of Talikota
736:
536:
471:Mohammed Adil Shah
411:Mohammed Adil Shah
399:Battle of Talikota
347:(province) of the
169:Sikandar Adil Shah
4761:Deccan sultanates
4756:Former sultanates
4585:The Mughul Empire
4411:978-0-521-71627-7
4375:Eaton, Richard M.
4266:"FEREŠTA,TĀRĪḴ-E"
4227:, pp. 92–93.
4135:(5280): 784–804.
4089:978-90-04-43736-4
4058:, pp. 92–93.
4043:, pp. 94–95.
3941:, pp. 86–87.
3883:, pp. 14–16.
3605:978-81-7000-080-8
3396:, pp. 70–71.
3202:, pp. 98–99.
3139:, pp. 97–98.
3115:, pp. 96–97.
2986:iranicaonline.org
2980:Baqir, Muhammad.
2647:978-81-317-3202-1
2503:978-0-415-96691-7
2464:978-0-674-06736-3
2439:978-81-208-0225-4
2405:978-9-38060-734-4
2165:
2164:
2075:Nayakas of Keladi
2065:Kingdom of Mysore
2055:Bahmani Sultanate
1950:
1949:
1930:
1918:
1902:
1900:علی عادل شاہ دوئم
1890:
1874:
1862:
1845:
1833:
1817:
1805:
1789:
1777:
1761:
1749:
1733:
1721:
1705:
1694:
1679:Bahmani Sultanate
1661:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1241:Tarikh-i Firishta
1197:Persian miniature
1063:, as a subset of
756:Ibrahim Qutb Shah
660:Aladdin Imad Shah
648:Battle of Raichur
623:Portuguese Empire
576:Muhammad Shah III
532:Deccan sultanates
363:it in 1686 under
353:Deccan sultanates
349:Bahmani Sultanate
317:
316:
303:
302:
299:
298:
251:
250:
246:Bahmani Sultanate
164:• 1672–1686
151:• 1490–1510
16:(Redirected from
4768:
4697:
4673:
4662:
4648:
4627:
4606:
4589:
4575:
4548:
4527:
4513:
4492:
4471:
4450:
4423:
4394:
4370:
4337:
4336:
4334:
4332:
4317:
4311:
4310:
4292:
4286:
4280:
4274:
4273:
4261:
4255:
4254:
4234:
4228:
4222:
4216:
4210:
4204:
4198:
4192:
4191:
4159:
4153:
4152:
4120:
4114:
4108:
4102:
4101:
4065:
4059:
4053:
4044:
4038:
4032:
4026:
4017:
4011:
4005:
3999:
3993:
3987:
3981:
3975:
3969:
3963:
3954:
3948:
3942:
3936:
3930:
3924:
3913:
3907:
3901:
3900:
3890:
3884:
3878:
3872:
3866:
3860:
3854:
3848:
3842:
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3830:
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3818:
3812:
3806:
3800:
3794:
3788:
3782:
3776:
3770:
3757:
3751:
3745:
3739:
3733:
3727:
3721:
3715:
3709:
3703:
3697:
3691:
3682:
3676:
3670:
3664:
3658:
3652:
3646:
3640:
3634:
3628:
3622:
3616:
3610:
3609:
3589:
3583:
3577:
3571:
3565:
3559:
3553:
3547:
3541:
3535:
3529:
3523:
3517:
3511:
3505:
3499:
3493:
3484:
3478:
3467:
3461:
3455:
3449:
3443:
3442:
3433:
3425:
3419:
3418:
3408:
3397:
3391:
3385:
3379:
3364:
3358:
3349:
3348:
3335:
3329:
3323:
3317:
3311:
3305:
3299:
3293:
3287:
3278:
3272:
3266:
3260:
3254:
3248:
3242:
3236:
3230:
3224:
3215:
3209:
3203:
3197:
3191:
3185:
3179:
3173:
3167:
3161:
3155:
3149:
3140:
3134:
3128:
3122:
3116:
3110:
3104:
3098:
3092:
3086:
3080:
3074:
3065:
3059:
3053:
3047:
3041:
3035:
3029:
3023:
3017:
3011:
3002:
3001:
2995:
2993:
2977:
2971:
2965:
2956:
2950:
2944:
2938:
2929:
2923:
2912:
2906:
2900:
2894:
2888:
2882:
2876:
2870:
2864:
2858:
2852:
2846:
2840:
2834:
2828:
2822:
2816:
2810:
2804:
2798:
2792:
2786:
2780:
2774:
2768:
2767:
2735:
2729:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2706:
2700:
2694:
2688:
2682:
2676:
2670:
2664:
2658:
2652:
2651:
2631:
2625:
2618:
2612:
2611:
2591:
2582:
2576:
2565:
2564:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2487:
2481:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2448:
2442:
2431:
2425:
2424:, p. xxiii.
2419:
2410:
2409:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2379:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2320:
2314:
2309:Satish Chandra,
2307:
2301:
2300:
2280:
2258:
2247:
2241:
2231:
2230: 1534–1558
2229:
2211:
2205:
2202:
2196:
2193:
2157:
2150:
2143:
1980:
1957:
1956:
1929:
1926:
1917:
1914:
1901:
1898:
1895:Ali Adil Shah II
1889:
1886:
1873:
1870:
1861:
1858:
1844:
1841:
1832:
1829:
1816:
1815:علی عادل شاہ اول
1813:
1804:
1801:
1788:
1785:
1776:
1773:
1760:
1757:
1748:
1745:
1732:
1731:اسماعیل عادل شاہ
1729:
1726:Ismail Adil Shah
1720:
1717:
1704:
1701:
1693:
1690:
1663:
1600:Ali Adil Shah II
1339:Ismail Adil Shah
1285:
1284:
1268:
1267:
1255:Ali Adil Shah II
1209:Deccani language
1185:Deccani painting
1171:Deccani language
1151:Ali Adil Shah II
1011:siege of Bijapur
961:Ali Adil Shah II
799:Richard M. Eaton
789:and much of the
704:Ali Barid Shah I
619:Ismail Adil Shah
490:
489: 1656–1672
488:
482:Ali Adil Shah II
479:
478: 1627–1656
477:
468:
467: 1579–1627
466:
453:
452: 1558–1579
451:
419:
418: 1627–1656
417:
295:
294:
281:
280:
273:Portuguese India
267:
266:
255:
254:
242:
241:
235:
234:
219:
218:
51:
32:
31:
21:
4776:
4775:
4771:
4770:
4769:
4767:
4766:
4765:
4726:
4725:
4716:
4711:
4704:
4702:Further reading
4694:
4678:Yazdani, Ghulam
4645:
4624:
4545:
4510:
4489:
4468:
4412:
4391:
4367:
4351:Chandra, Satish
4346:
4341:
4340:
4330:
4328:
4318:
4314:
4307:
4293:
4289:
4281:
4277:
4262:
4258:
4251:
4235:
4231:
4223:
4219:
4211:
4207:
4199:
4195:
4160:
4156:
4121:
4117:
4109:
4105:
4090:
4066:
4062:
4054:
4047:
4039:
4035:
4027:
4020:
4012:
4008:
4000:
3996:
3988:
3984:
3976:
3972:
3964:
3957:
3949:
3945:
3937:
3933:
3929:, pp. 1–2.
3925:
3916:
3908:
3904:
3891:
3887:
3879:
3875:
3867:
3863:
3855:
3851:
3843:
3839:
3831:
3827:
3819:
3815:
3807:
3803:
3795:
3791:
3783:
3779:
3771:
3760:
3752:
3748:
3740:
3736:
3728:
3724:
3716:
3712:
3704:
3700:
3692:
3685:
3677:
3673:
3665:
3661:
3653:
3649:
3641:
3637:
3629:
3625:
3617:
3613:
3606:
3590:
3586:
3578:
3574:
3566:
3562:
3554:
3550:
3542:
3538:
3530:
3526:
3518:
3514:
3506:
3502:
3494:
3487:
3479:
3470:
3462:
3458:
3450:
3446:
3431:"ʿĀdil-S̲h̲āhs"
3426:
3422:
3409:
3400:
3392:
3388:
3380:
3367:
3359:
3352:
3337:
3336:
3332:
3324:
3320:
3312:
3308:
3300:
3296:
3288:
3281:
3273:
3269:
3261:
3257:
3249:
3245:
3237:
3233:
3225:
3218:
3210:
3206:
3198:
3194:
3186:
3182:
3174:
3170:
3162:
3158:
3150:
3143:
3135:
3131:
3123:
3119:
3111:
3107:
3099:
3095:
3087:
3083:
3075:
3068:
3060:
3056:
3048:
3044:
3036:
3032:
3024:
3020:
3012:
3005:
2991:
2989:
2978:
2974:
2966:
2959:
2951:
2947:
2939:
2932:
2924:
2915:
2907:
2903:
2895:
2891:
2883:
2879:
2871:
2867:
2859:
2855:
2847:
2843:
2835:
2831:
2823:
2819:
2811:
2807:
2799:
2795:
2787:
2783:
2775:
2771:
2736:
2732:
2724:
2720:
2707:
2703:
2695:
2691:
2683:
2679:
2671:
2667:
2659:
2655:
2648:
2632:
2628:
2619:
2615:
2608:
2592:
2585:
2577:
2568:
2561:
2545:
2541:
2534:
2518:
2514:
2504:
2488:
2484:
2476:
2472:
2465:
2449:
2445:
2432:
2428:
2420:
2413:
2406:
2392:
2388:
2356:
2352:
2321:
2317:
2308:
2304:
2297:
2281:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2261:
2248:
2244:
2238:Safavid Persian
2226:
2212:
2208:
2203:
2199:
2194:
2187:
2182:
2161:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2103:
2095:
2094:
2070:Hyderabad State
2045:Hoysala Kingdom
2025:Chalukya Empire
2011:
2003:
2002:
1988:
1955:
1928:سکندر عادل شاہ
1925:
1919:
1913:
1897:
1891:
1885:
1869:
1863:
1857:
1846:
1840:
1834:
1828:
1812:
1810:Ali Adil Shah I
1806:
1800:
1784:
1778:
1772:
1756:
1754:Mallu Adil Shah
1750:
1744:
1728:
1722:
1716:
1700:
1698:Yusuf Adil Shah
1689:
1650:
1648:
1605:
1603:
1560:
1558:
1515:
1513:
1465:
1463:
1460:Ali Adil Shah I
1414:
1412:
1401:
1399:
1396:Mallu Adil Shah
1344:
1342:
1299:
1297:
1294:Yusuf Adil Shah
1263:
1250:Gulshan-i 'Ishq
1225:Muhammad Zuhuri
1173:
1167:Deccan painting
1165:Main articles:
1163:
1091:Yusuf Adil Shah
1042:
1036:
1030:
1025:
1019:
845:
837:Safavid dynasty
739:Ali Adil Shah I
733:Ali Adil Shah I
712:Darya Imad Shah
677:Mallu Adil Shah
617:, when his son
607:Krishnadevaraya
572:
540:Yusuf Adil Shah
524:
508:Bidar Sultanate
485:
474:
463:
448:
445:Ali Adil Shah I
414:
372:Yusuf Adil Shah
335:, ruled by the
292:
278:
264:
239:
206:
196:
165:
156:Yusuf Adil Shah
152:
123:
100:
54:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4774:
4764:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4724:
4723:
4715:
4714:External links
4712:
4710:
4709:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4699:
4698:
4692:
4674:
4663:
4649:
4643:
4628:
4622:
4607:
4590:
4580:Majumdar, R.C.
4576:
4549:
4543:
4528:
4518:Haig, Wolseley
4514:
4508:
4493:
4487:
4472:
4466:
4451:
4424:
4410:
4395:
4389:
4371:
4365:
4345:
4342:
4339:
4338:
4312:
4305:
4287:
4275:
4256:
4250:978-8120826519
4249:
4229:
4217:
4205:
4203:, p. 100.
4193:
4174:(425): 74–77.
4154:
4115:
4103:
4088:
4060:
4045:
4033:
4018:
4006:
4004:, p. 434.
3994:
3982:
3970:
3955:
3943:
3931:
3914:
3902:
3885:
3873:
3871:, p. 461.
3861:
3849:
3837:
3825:
3823:, p. 459.
3813:
3811:, p. 181.
3801:
3789:
3787:, p. 252.
3777:
3758:
3756:, p. 190.
3746:
3744:, p. 177.
3734:
3732:, p. 179.
3722:
3720:, p. 457.
3710:
3698:
3683:
3681:, p. 456.
3671:
3669:, p. 120.
3659:
3657:, p. 458.
3647:
3645:, p. 259.
3635:
3623:
3621:, p. 468.
3611:
3604:
3584:
3572:
3570:, p. 455.
3560:
3558:, p. 435.
3548:
3546:, p. 434.
3536:
3534:, p. 264.
3524:
3522:, p. 454.
3512:
3500:
3485:
3468:
3456:
3444:
3420:
3398:
3386:
3365:
3363:, p. 337.
3350:
3330:
3318:
3306:
3294:
3279:
3267:
3255:
3243:
3231:
3216:
3214:, p. 246.
3204:
3192:
3180:
3178:, p. 449.
3168:
3156:
3141:
3129:
3127:, p. 445.
3117:
3105:
3103:, p. 444.
3093:
3091:, p. 152.
3081:
3079:, p. 161.
3066:
3064:, p. 420.
3054:
3042:
3040:, p. 419.
3030:
3018:
3016:, p. 450.
3003:
2972:
2957:
2945:
2943:, p. 140.
2930:
2928:, p. 449.
2913:
2901:
2889:
2877:
2865:
2853:
2841:
2839:, p. 289.
2829:
2827:, p. 299.
2817:
2815:, p. 430.
2805:
2803:, p. 434.
2793:
2781:
2779:, p. 447.
2769:
2730:
2718:
2701:
2699:, p. 446.
2689:
2687:, p. 429.
2677:
2675:, p. 151.
2665:
2663:, p. 342.
2653:
2646:
2626:
2613:
2606:
2583:
2581:, p. 291.
2566:
2560:978-9004153882
2559:
2539:
2532:
2512:
2502:
2482:
2480:, p. 445.
2470:
2463:
2443:
2426:
2411:
2404:
2386:
2350:
2315:
2302:
2295:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
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2259:
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2206:
2197:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2171:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2152:
2145:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2087:
2085:Haleri Kingdom
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1973:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1920:
1907:
1906:
1903:
1892:
1879:
1878:
1875:
1872:محمد عادل شاہ
1864:
1851:
1850:
1847:
1835:
1822:
1821:
1818:
1807:
1794:
1793:
1790:
1779:
1766:
1765:
1762:
1751:
1738:
1737:
1734:
1723:
1710:
1709:
1706:
1695:
1683:
1682:
1674:
1673:
1670:
1669:Personal Name
1667:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1652:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1607:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1562:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1517:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1450:
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1444:
1441:
1440:
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1417:
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1403:
1391:
1390:
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1386:
1384:
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1376:
1374:
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1370:
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1364:
1362:
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1356:
1353:
1351:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1290:
1288:
1273:
1272:
1262:
1261:List of rulers
1259:
1217:Kitab-e-Navras
1162:
1159:
1113:. The primary
1097:commemorating
1032:Main article:
1029:
1026:
1018:
1015:
991:from 1659–63.
969:captured Bidar
844:
841:
727:Page from the
571:
568:
530:India and the
523:
520:
397:empire at the
315:
314:
309:
305:
304:
301:
300:
297:
296:
289:
283:
282:
275:
269:
268:
261:
252:
249:
248:
243:
231:
230:
225:
215:
214:
211:
210:
207:
204:
201:
200:
197:
194:
191:
190:
187:
186:
181:
180:Historical era
177:
176:
173:
172:
166:
163:
160:
159:
153:
150:
147:
146:
143:
142:
139:
133:
132:
129:
125:
124:
122:
121:
115:
108:
106:
102:
101:
99:
98:
93:
88:
82:
80:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
60:
56:
55:
52:
44:
43:
39:
38:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4773:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4733:
4731:
4721:
4718:
4717:
4707:
4706:
4695:
4693:9788120810716
4689:
4685:
4684:
4679:
4675:
4671:
4670:
4664:
4660:
4659:
4654:
4650:
4646:
4644:9781351393997
4640:
4637:. Routledge.
4636:
4635:
4629:
4625:
4623:0-521-56321-6
4619:
4615:
4614:
4608:
4604:
4600:
4596:
4591:
4587:
4586:
4581:
4577:
4573:
4569:
4565:
4561:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4546:
4544:9780300062175
4540:
4536:
4535:
4529:
4525:
4524:
4519:
4515:
4511:
4509:9781108481939
4505:
4501:
4500:
4494:
4490:
4488:9781474436090
4484:
4480:
4479:
4473:
4469:
4467:9780520325128
4463:
4459:
4458:
4452:
4448:
4444:
4440:
4436:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4421:
4417:
4413:
4407:
4403:
4402:
4396:
4392:
4390:9781400868155
4386:
4382:
4381:
4376:
4372:
4368:
4366:9788125032267
4362:
4358:
4357:
4352:
4348:
4347:
4327:
4323:
4316:
4308:
4306:9780253048943
4302:
4298:
4291:
4285:, p. 92.
4284:
4283:Matthews 1993
4279:
4271:
4267:
4260:
4252:
4246:
4242:
4241:
4233:
4226:
4225:Matthews 1993
4221:
4215:, p. 74.
4214:
4209:
4202:
4197:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4158:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4138:
4134:
4130:
4126:
4119:
4113:, p. 96.
4112:
4107:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4085:
4081:
4077:
4073:
4072:
4064:
4057:
4052:
4050:
4042:
4037:
4031:, p. 90.
4030:
4025:
4023:
4016:, p. 91.
4015:
4010:
4003:
3998:
3992:, p. 88.
3991:
3986:
3980:, p. 86.
3979:
3974:
3968:, p. 87.
3967:
3962:
3960:
3953:, p. 91.
3952:
3947:
3940:
3935:
3928:
3923:
3921:
3919:
3911:
3910:Majumdar 1974
3906:
3898:
3897:
3889:
3882:
3877:
3870:
3869:Majumdar 1974
3865:
3858:
3853:
3846:
3845:Majumdar 1974
3841:
3834:
3833:Majumdar 1974
3829:
3822:
3821:Majumdar 1974
3817:
3810:
3805:
3798:
3797:Majumdar 1974
3793:
3786:
3785:Majumdar 1974
3781:
3775:, p. 16.
3774:
3769:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3755:
3750:
3743:
3738:
3731:
3726:
3719:
3718:Majumdar 1974
3714:
3708:, p. 15.
3707:
3702:
3696:, p. 70.
3695:
3690:
3688:
3680:
3679:Majumdar 1974
3675:
3668:
3663:
3656:
3655:Majumdar 1974
3651:
3644:
3639:
3632:
3627:
3620:
3619:Majumdar 1974
3615:
3607:
3601:
3597:
3596:
3588:
3582:, p. 42.
3581:
3576:
3569:
3568:Majumdar 1974
3564:
3557:
3556:Majumdar 1974
3552:
3545:
3544:Majumdar 1974
3540:
3533:
3528:
3521:
3520:Majumdar 1974
3516:
3510:, p. 90.
3509:
3504:
3498:, p. 89.
3497:
3492:
3490:
3483:, p. 98.
3482:
3477:
3475:
3473:
3466:, p. 71.
3465:
3460:
3454:, p. 63.
3453:
3448:
3440:
3438:
3432:
3424:
3416:
3415:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3395:
3390:
3384:, p. 14.
3383:
3378:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3370:
3362:
3361:Sherwani 1973
3357:
3355:
3346:
3345:
3340:
3334:
3328:, p. 88.
3327:
3322:
3316:, p. 84.
3315:
3310:
3304:, p. 68.
3303:
3298:
3292:, p. 69.
3291:
3286:
3284:
3276:
3271:
3264:
3263:Sherwani 1973
3259:
3252:
3247:
3240:
3235:
3229:, p. 86.
3228:
3223:
3221:
3213:
3212:Majumdar 1974
3208:
3201:
3196:
3190:, p. 97.
3189:
3184:
3177:
3172:
3165:
3164:Majumdar 1974
3160:
3153:
3152:Majumdar 1974
3148:
3146:
3138:
3133:
3126:
3121:
3114:
3109:
3102:
3097:
3090:
3085:
3078:
3073:
3071:
3063:
3062:Majumdar 1974
3058:
3051:
3050:Majumdar 1974
3046:
3039:
3038:Majumdar 1974
3034:
3027:
3026:Majumdar 1974
3022:
3015:
3014:Majumdar 1974
3010:
3008:
3000:
2987:
2983:
2976:
2970:, p. 91.
2969:
2964:
2962:
2955:, p. 61.
2954:
2949:
2942:
2937:
2935:
2927:
2926:Majumdar 1974
2922:
2920:
2918:
2911:, p. 13.
2910:
2905:
2898:
2897:Majumdar 1974
2893:
2887:, p. 12.
2886:
2881:
2874:
2869:
2862:
2857:
2850:
2845:
2838:
2833:
2826:
2821:
2814:
2809:
2802:
2797:
2790:
2785:
2778:
2777:Majumdar 1974
2773:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2734:
2728:, p. 88.
2727:
2722:
2714:
2713:
2705:
2698:
2697:Majumdar 1974
2693:
2686:
2681:
2674:
2669:
2662:
2661:Sherwani 1946
2657:
2649:
2643:
2639:
2638:
2630:
2623:
2617:
2609:
2607:9780295800240
2603:
2599:
2598:
2590:
2588:
2580:
2579:Sherwani 1973
2575:
2573:
2571:
2562:
2556:
2552:
2551:
2543:
2535:
2533:9781315511078
2529:
2526:. Routledge.
2525:
2524:
2516:
2509:
2505:
2499:
2495:
2494:
2486:
2479:
2478:Majumdar 1974
2474:
2466:
2460:
2456:
2455:
2447:
2440:
2436:
2430:
2423:
2418:
2416:
2407:
2401:
2397:
2390:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2354:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2319:
2312:
2306:
2298:
2292:
2288:
2287:
2279:
2275:
2256:
2252:
2246:
2239:
2235:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2210:
2201:
2192:
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2185:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2158:
2153:
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2139:
2138:
2136:
2135:
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2122:
2119:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2099:
2098:
2091:
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2083:
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2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
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2056:
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2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2007:
2006:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1958:
1945:
1944:Mughal Empire
1941:
1938:Conquered by
1924:
1912:
1908:
1896:
1884:
1880:
1868:
1856:
1852:
1839:
1827:
1823:
1811:
1799:
1795:
1783:
1771:
1767:
1755:
1743:
1739:
1727:
1715:
1711:
1703:یوسف عادل شاہ
1699:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1675:
1666:Titular Name
1664:
1654:
1647:
1646:
1633:
1631:
1611:
1609:
1602:
1601:
1588:
1586:
1566:
1564:
1557:
1556:
1543:
1541:
1521:
1519:
1512:
1511:
1498:
1496:
1476:
1474:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1453:
1445:
1443:
1442:
1433:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1411:
1410:
1398:
1397:
1392:
1389:
1381:
1379:
1378:
1369:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1341:
1340:
1331:
1329:
1309:
1307:
1296:
1295:
1286:
1279:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1269:
1266:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1221:poet laureate
1218:
1214:
1210:
1205:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1172:
1168:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1135:Ibrahim Rauza
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1055:
1051:
1050:Ibrahim Rauza
1046:
1041:
1035:
1024:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
990:
986:
982:
981:confrontation
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
955:
951:
947:
942:
941:Bay of Bengal
938:
934:
930:
925:
919:
916:venerating a
915:
911:
906:
902:
900:
899:Ibrahim Rauza
895:
891:
886:
882:
877:
872:
868:
864:
860:
855:
850:
838:
834:
830:
825:
821:
819:
818:
813:
809:
805:
800:
796:
792:
788:
783:
778:
777:Hermann Goetz
774:
770:
766:
761:
757:
753:
748:
744:
740:
734:
730:
729:Nujum-ul-Ulum
725:
721:
718:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
692:
688:
686:
682:
678:
673:
670:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
603:
601:
597:
593:
589:
588:Qasim Barid I
585:
581:
577:
567:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
533:
528:
519:
517:
513:
509:
505:
500:
498:
494:
483:
472:
461:
457:
446:
442:
437:
435:
431:
427:
423:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
385:and Northern
384:
379:
377:
373:
368:
366:
362:
358:
357:Mughal Empire
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
313:
310:
308:Today part of
306:
290:
288:
285:
284:
276:
274:
271:
270:
262:
260:
259:Mughal Empire
257:
256:
253:
247:
244:
237:
236:
233:
232:
229:
226:
224:
221:
220:
216:
212:
208:
202:
198:
192:
188:
185:
182:
178:
174:
170:
167:
161:
157:
154:
148:
144:
140:
138:
134:
130:
126:
119:
116:
113:
110:
109:
107:
103:
97:
94:
92:
89:
87:
84:
83:
81:
77:
74:
71:
67:
64:
61:
57:
50:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
4682:
4668:
4657:
4633:
4612:
4602:
4598:
4584:
4563:
4557:
4533:
4522:
4498:
4477:
4456:
4438:
4432:
4400:
4379:
4355:
4329:. Retrieved
4325:
4322:"ʿĀDELŠĀHĪS"
4315:
4290:
4278:
4269:
4259:
4239:
4232:
4220:
4213:Fischel 2020
4208:
4196:
4171:
4167:
4157:
4132:
4128:
4118:
4106:
4070:
4063:
4036:
4014:Overton 2016
4009:
3997:
3985:
3973:
3946:
3934:
3905:
3895:
3888:
3876:
3864:
3852:
3840:
3828:
3816:
3804:
3792:
3780:
3749:
3737:
3725:
3713:
3701:
3694:Fischel 2020
3674:
3662:
3650:
3643:Chandra 2014
3638:
3633:, p. 9.
3626:
3614:
3594:
3587:
3575:
3563:
3551:
3539:
3532:Chandra 2014
3527:
3515:
3503:
3459:
3447:
3435:
3423:
3413:
3389:
3342:
3333:
3321:
3309:
3297:
3290:Fischel 2020
3270:
3258:
3246:
3234:
3207:
3195:
3183:
3171:
3159:
3132:
3120:
3108:
3096:
3084:
3057:
3045:
3033:
3021:
2997:
2990:. Retrieved
2985:
2975:
2948:
2909:Yazdani 1947
2904:
2892:
2885:Yazdani 1947
2880:
2868:
2856:
2844:
2832:
2820:
2808:
2796:
2789:Chandra 2014
2784:
2772:
2747:
2743:
2733:
2721:
2711:
2704:
2692:
2680:
2668:
2656:
2636:
2629:
2616:
2596:
2549:
2542:
2522:
2515:
2507:
2492:
2485:
2473:
2453:
2446:
2429:
2395:
2389:
2381:
2370:(5–6): 704.
2367:
2363:
2353:
2328:
2324:
2318:
2310:
2305:
2285:
2278:
2254:
2250:
2245:
2233:
2218:
2209:
2200:
2109:Architecture
2059:
1910:
1882:
1854:
1825:
1797:
1769:
1759:ملو عادل شاہ
1741:
1713:
1686:
1643:
1598:
1553:
1508:
1458:
1407:
1394:
1337:
1292:
1264:
1248:
1240:
1233:lyric poetry
1228:
1227:, wrote the
1216:
1206:
1174:
1101:, and added
1089:
1058:
1040:Bijapur Fort
1028:Architecture
1009:through the
993:
959:
922:
894:Habshi state
846:
817:dar al-islam
815:
737:
696:Vijayanagara
689:
685:Raichur Doab
674:
656:Amir Barid I
611:Vijayanagara
604:
573:
544:Mahmud Gawan
537:
501:
438:
395:Vijayanagara
391:Raichur Doab
380:
369:
340:
336:
325:early modern
320:
318:
228:Succeeded by
227:
222:
184:Early modern
29:
2750:: 255–262.
1651:R.1672-1686
1606:R.1656-1672
1561:R.1627-1656
1516:R.1580-1627
1466:R.1558-1580
1415:R.1534-1558
1402:R.1534–1535
1345:R.1510-1534
1300:R.1490-1510
1107:Jama Masjid
937:Arabian Sea
881:Malik Ambar
833:Shah Ismail
383:Maharashtra
333:South India
223:Preceded by
118:Sunni Islam
4730:Categories
4566:: 91–154.
4041:Eaton 1978
4002:Harle 1994
3857:Eaton 1978
3809:Eaton 1978
3754:Eaton 1978
3742:Eaton 1978
3730:Eaton 1978
3667:Eaton 1978
3631:Flatt 2019
3508:Eaton 1978
3496:Eaton 1978
3481:Eaton 1978
3464:Eaton 1978
3452:Eaton 1978
3439:(12 vols.)
3394:Eaton 1978
3326:Eaton 1978
3314:Eaton 1978
3302:Eaton 1978
3227:Eaton 1978
3200:Eaton 2008
3188:Eaton 1978
3137:Eaton 2008
3113:Eaton 2008
3089:Eaton 2019
2992:8 February
2968:Eaton 2008
2953:Eaton 2008
2941:Flatt 2019
2873:Eaton 2009
2861:Eaton 2009
2849:Eaton 2009
2837:Eaton 2009
2825:Eaton 2009
2726:Eaton 2008
2673:Eaton 2019
2422:Eaton 1978
2296:0226742210
2265:References
2195:After 1535
2102:Categories
1933:1672–1686
1911:Adil Khani
1905:1656–1672
1883:Adil Khani
1877:1627–1656
1855:Adil Khani
1849:1580–1627
1826:Adil Khani
1820:1558–1580
1798:Adil Khani
1792:1535–1558
1770:Adil Khani
1764:1534–1535
1742:Adil Khani
1736:1510–1534
1714:Adil Khani
1708:1490–1510
1223:, Persian
1193:Ibrahim II
1183:school of
1155:Bara Kaman
1143:Gol Gumbaz
1127:Ibrahim II
1085:tholobates
1075:, complex
1038:See also:
1021:See also:
977:Pratapgarh
973:Afzal Khan
933:Shah Jahan
929:Gol Gumbaz
918:Sufi saint
863:Syncretism
849:Ibrahim II
760:Ahmednagar
564:Aq-Quyunlu
337:Adil Shahi
128:Government
112:Shia Islam
4420:226973152
4180:0951-0788
4141:0035-9114
4098:234656650
3275:Haig 1925
3251:Haig 1925
3239:Haig 1925
3176:Haig 1925
3125:Haig 1925
3101:Haig 1925
2982:"BĪJĀPŪR"
2813:Haig 1925
2801:Haig 1925
2756:2249-1937
2685:Haig 1925
2441:. p. 468.
2345:146630389
2270:Citations
2234:Adil Shah
2219:Adil Khan
2126:Societies
2121:Economies
1946:in 1686.
1940:Aurangzeb
1916:عادل خانی
1888:عادل خانی
1860:عادل خانی
1831:عادل خانی
1803:عادل خانی
1775:عادل خانی
1747:عادل خانی
1719:عادل خانی
1177:miniature
1003:Aurangzeb
965:Aurangzeb
885:Nauraspur
876:Burhan II
867:religious
769:Bagalkote
752:Rama Raya
681:Asad Khan
635:conquered
625:, led by
615:Koilkonda
387:Karnataka
365:Aurangzeb
361:conquered
341:Adilshahi
105:Religion
42:1490–1686
18:Adilshahi
4680:(1947).
4655:(1946).
4572:26551683
4559:Muqarnas
4520:(1925).
4447:20488080
4377:(1978).
4353:(2014).
4149:41373866
2764:44142611
2016:Kadambas
2010:Polities
1962:a series
1960:Part of
1953:See also
1237:Firishta
1229:Saqinama
1147:recesses
1103:minarets
1095:Gulbarga
912:showing
910:Ali Riza
812:Safavids
808:Ottomans
795:Karnatak
791:Carnatic
596:Gulbarga
592:Golconda
560:Murad II
556:Firishta
504:Talikota
407:Carnatic
403:Karnatak
359:, which
131:Monarchy
4344:Sources
2251:gharibs
1942:of the
1681:(1490)
1471:Tahmasp
1245:Nusrati
1201:baroque
1181:Bijapur
1081:friezes
1077:turrets
1073:dargahs
1061:Bijapur
1017:Culture
1007:Bijapur
989:Nayakas
985:Tanjore
954:Maratha
950:Shivaji
939:to the
890:Janjira
835:of the
804:Mughals
747:Solapur
717:Solapur
652:Raichur
644:Raichur
600:Indapur
580:Bijapur
552:Turkmen
548:Persian
522:History
512:Shivaji
493:Deccani
441:Bijapur
422:Tanjore
376:Bijapur
323:was an
158:(first)
96:Marathi
91:Kannada
86:Deccani
73:Persian
63:Bijapur
59:Capital
4690:
4641:
4620:
4570:
4541:
4506:
4485:
4464:
4445:
4418:
4408:
4387:
4363:
4331:3 July
4303:
4247:
4188:867457
4186:
4178:
4147:
4139:
4096:
4086:
3602:
2762:
2754:
2644:
2604:
2557:
2530:
2500:
2461:
2437:
2402:
2343:
2293:
2255:afaqis
2215:Ismail
2020:Gangas
1987:Topics
1964:on the
1672:Reign
1153:, the
967:, who
871:Jesuit
859:Sufism
854:Habshi
810:, and
765:Yadgir
669:Mudgal
480:) and
329:Deccan
171:(last)
141:
137:Sultan
4568:JSTOR
4443:JSTOR
4184:JSTOR
4145:JSTOR
4094:S2CID
2760:JSTOR
2341:S2CID
2180:Notes
2114:Forts
1189:Ali I
1123:Eaton
1119:Ali I
1099:Sufis
787:Adoni
664:Berar
640:Bidar
345:taraf
312:India
4688:ISBN
4639:ISBN
4618:ISBN
4539:ISBN
4504:ISBN
4483:ISBN
4462:ISBN
4416:OCLC
4406:ISBN
4385:ISBN
4361:ISBN
4333:2024
4301:ISBN
4245:ISBN
4176:ISSN
4137:ISSN
4084:ISBN
3600:ISBN
2994:2017
2752:ISSN
2642:ISBN
2602:ISBN
2555:ISBN
2528:ISBN
2498:ISBN
2459:ISBN
2435:ISBN
2400:ISBN
2291:ISBN
2018:and
1692:أمیر
1687:Amir
1649:(9)
1604:(8)
1559:(7)
1514:(6)
1464:(5)
1413:(4)
1400:(3)
1343:(2)
1298:(1)
1169:and
1048:The
946:Pune
767:and
633:and
495:and
405:and
331:and
319:The
209:1686
199:1490
4133:127
4076:doi
2372:doi
2333:doi
2253:or
1083:of
662:of
631:Goa
613:at
609:of
602:.
590:of
566:.
550:or
469:),
426:Goa
339:or
4732::
4601:.
4597:.
4564:33
4562:.
4556:.
4439:43
4437:.
4431:.
4414:.
4324:.
4268:.
4182:.
4172:73
4170:.
4166:.
4143:.
4131:.
4127:.
4092:.
4082:.
4048:^
4021:^
3958:^
3917:^
3761:^
3686:^
3488:^
3471:^
3434:.
3401:^
3368:^
3353:^
3341:.
3282:^
3219:^
3144:^
3069:^
3006:^
2996:.
2984:.
2960:^
2933:^
2916:^
2758:.
2748:52
2746:.
2742:.
2586:^
2569:^
2506:.
2414:^
2380:.
2368:64
2366:.
2362:.
2339:.
2329:32
2327:.
2228:r.
2188:^
1087:.
948:,
901:.
820:.
806:,
499:.
487:r.
476:r.
465:r.
450:r.
436:.
416:r.
367:.
4696:.
4647:.
4626:.
4605:.
4603:9
4574:.
4547:.
4512:.
4491:.
4470:.
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