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372:, Poland. Part of a former silver mine, the adit was used for removing water from the mine. It still carries water from old galleries to the nearest river. A part of it is open for tourists, who go 20 metres (66 ft) down the steps in one shaft, have a ride in a boat, and go up the stairs in another shaft.
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A "level" is a horizontal passage that branches off from a shaft and is used for access to the parts of the mine where the ore is being removed. In mines where the lodes have significant vertical extent there can be many numbered levels, one below the other. They can be connected by short vertical
183:
Most adits are designed to slope slightly upwards from the entrance so that water will flow freely out of the mine. Mines that have adits can be at least partly drained of water by gravity alone or power-assisted gravity. The depth to which a mine can be drained by gravity alone is defined by the
115:
Adits can only be driven into a mine where the local topography permits. There will be no opportunity to drive an adit to a mine situated on a large flat plain, for instance. Also if the ground is weak, the cost of shoring up a long adit may outweigh its possible advantages.
193:
will flood unless mechanical means are used for drainage. Until the invention of the steam engine this was the main restriction on deep mining. Adits are useful for deeper mines. Water only needs to be raised to the drainage adit rather than to the surface.
188:
is also common, at least in the United States. Workings above this level (known as "above adit") will remain unflooded as long as the adit does not become blocked. All mine workings below both the drainage adit ("below adit") and the
159:: in simple terms, cool air will enter through an adit, be warmed by the higher temperature underground and will naturally exhaust from vertical shafts, some of which are sunk specifically for this purpose.
140:. Less energy is required to transport miners and heavy equipment into and out of the mine. It is also much easier to bring ore or coal out of the mine. Horizontal travel by means of
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body is located inside the mountain but above the adjacent valley floor or coastal plain. In cases where the mineral vein outcrops at the surface, the adit may follow the
69:
is sometimes also used in the context of underground excavation for non-mining purposes; for example, to refer to smaller underground passageways excavated for underground
197:
Because of the great reduction in ongoing costs that a drainage adit can provide, they have sometimes been driven for great distances for this purpose. One example is the
351:. Started in 1897, it still discharges an average of 87 million litres (23 million US gallons) of water per day from the disused Halkyn District United Mines.
61:. Miners can use adits for access, drainage, ventilation, and extracting minerals at the lowest convenient level. Adits are also used to explore for
490:
A "drift" is a more general term for any near-horizontal underground passage in a mine. Unlike an adit, a drift need not break out to the surface.
663:
362:, created during its construction. The adits are very large and used to access the central point from which the hydro tunnels were constructed.
225:. A side benefit of driving such extensive adits is that previously unknown ore-bodies can be discovered, helping finance the enormous cost.
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or vein until it is worked out, in which case the adit is rarely straight. The use of adits for the extraction of ore is generally called
20:
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594:. United States Bureau of Mines Special Publications. U.S. Department of the Interior: Bureau of Mines. p. 1094
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502:". A level that reaches the surface, on a hillside or in a valley, for instance, is called an "adit level". In the
625:. United States Bureau of Mines Special Publications. U.S. Department of the Interior: Bureau of Mines. p. 12
522:
454:
271:
58:
638:. A horizontal or nearly horizontal passage driven from the surface for the working or unwatering of a mine.
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is also much safer and can move more people and ore than vertical elevators. In the past horses and
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because the ore-bearing veins are nearly vertical, thus acting as ingress channels for water.
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267:
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8:
664:"Environmental Risk and Impact Assessment: Proposed Changes to the Approved Project Land"
145:
746:
Cornish Mining: The
Techniques of Metal Mining in the West of England, Past and Present
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330:
205:
in
Cornwall, a 40-mile (64 km)-long network of adits that used to drain the whole
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89:
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Access to a mine by adit has many advantages over the vertical access shafts used in
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in North Wales, which is about ten miles (16 km) long. Other examples are the
172:
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Adits were used in
Cornwall before 1500, and were important to the tin and copper
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Adits are driven into the side of a hill or mountain, and are often used when an
38:
27:
514:, the levels were intentionally flooded and coal was transported on canal boats.
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is the use of drifts to extract ore - in this case the drifts follow the vein.
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In combination with shafts, adits form an important element in the
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deepest open adit which is known as the "drainage adit". The term
171:
Two
Brothers Adit, a small surviving mine entrance at the site of
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397:
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206:
411:
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222:
607:. An approximately horizontal passageway into a mine; an adit.
525:. The main purpose of a sough is to drain water from the mine.
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518:
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326:
748:(2nd ed.). St Austell: Cornish Hillside Publications.
716:"Mining Encyclopaedia (Adit, Drainage Adit, Deep Drainage)"
105:
65:. Although most strongly associated with mining, the term
101:
33:
356:
Snowy
Mountains hydroelectric and irrigation scheme
57:is a horizontal or nearly horizontal passage to an
622:A Dictionary of Mining, Mineral, and Related Terms
591:A Dictionary of Mining, Mineral, and Related Terms
764:
347:, a 10-mile long (16 km) drainage adit in
77:), and for access required during construction (
16:Horizontal entrance shaft to an underground mine
565:Ripley, George; Dana, Charles A., eds. (1879).
653:, American Institute of Mining Engineers, p.3.
209:mining area, and the 3.9 miles (6.3 km)
73:, to provide pedestrian access to stations (
457:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
274:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
651:Glossary of Mining and Metallurgical Terms
564:
21:Advanced Diploma in International Taxation
477:Learn how and when to remove this message
392:'s Underground Centre (Fecunis Adit), in
294:Learn how and when to remove this message
119:
37:Gated entrance of an abandoned adit near
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123:
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32:
26:For the Indonesian animated series, see
329:coal mine adit which terminated at the
128:Horse adit in the abandoned lead mine,
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710:
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588:Thrush, Paul W., ed. (1968). "stulm".
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619:Thrush, Paul W., ed. (1968). "adit".
406:for drainage and exploitation of the
318:in the 18th and early 19th centuries.
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560:
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455:adding citations to reliable sources
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272:adding citations to reliable sources
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536:Glossary of coal mining terminology
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718:. Mine-Explorer. Archived from
523:lead mining areas of Derbyshire
521:" is a term mainly used in the
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230:mines in Cornwall and Devon
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673:. 24 April 2018. p. 7
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504:Worsley Navigable Levels
323:Hollingwood Common Canal
574:The American Cyclopædia
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120:Access and ventilation
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649:R. W. Raymond, 1881,
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157:ventilation of a mine
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744:Earl, Bryan (1994).
690:Earl 1994, pp.64–65.
671:Victoria's Big Build
451:improve this section
339:Staveley, Derbyshire
268:improve this section
186:mine drainage tunnel
142:narrow gauge tramway
96:adit, Zabrze, Poland
132:, County Durham, UK
773:Underground mining
508:Greater Manchester
358:in the Australian
331:Chesterfield Canal
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79:construction adits
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19:For the ADIT, see
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308:Great County Adit
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384:British Columbia
366:Black Trout Adit
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236:Notable examples
173:Eylesbarrow mine
75:pedestrian adits
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53:, entrance) or
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39:Medford, Oregon
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419:Similar terms
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408:Comstock Lode
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724:. Retrieved
720:the original
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675:. Retrieved
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627:. Retrieved
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603:
596:. Retrieved
590:
583:
572:
568:"Adit"
492:Drift mining
473:
464:
449:Please help
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404:Sutro Tunnel
345:Milwr tunnel
290:
281:
266:Please help
254:
227:
211:Sutro Tunnel
199:Milwr tunnel
196:
182:
154:
138:shaft mining
135:
114:
110:drift mining
99:
94:Queen Louise
93:
85:Construction
78:
74:
66:
54:
50:
49:(from Latin
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44:
349:North Wales
335:Hollingwood
191:water table
152:were used.
767:Categories
726:2010-12-06
677:2024-02-15
547:References
150:pit ponies
541:Mine caps
438:does not
386:, Canada.
327:navigable
255:does not
146:cable car
530:See also
316:Cornwall
314:area of
177:Dartmoor
163:Drainage
130:Nenthead
738:Sources
629:22 June
598:22 June
512:England
459:removed
444:sources
398:Ontario
394:Onaping
380:Kelowna
337:, near
312:Gwennap
276:removed
261:sources
213:at the
207:Gwennap
179:, Devon
752:
500:winzes
412:Nevada
390:NORCAT
223:Nevada
51:aditus
667:(PDF)
605:stulm
519:Sough
378:near
55:stulm
750:ISBN
636:adit
631:2023
600:2023
442:any
440:cite
354:The
321:The
259:any
257:cite
106:lode
81:).
67:adit
47:adit
506:in
453:by
410:in
368:in
333:at
270:by
217:in
144:or
102:ore
45:An
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474:(
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465:(
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30:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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