48:
appointed his half-brother Fuas
Roupinho to the title in 1184), it seems to have been of only a temporary character, for fleets assembled in times of war. The exception was perhaps Nuno Fernandes Cogominho who seems to have been appointed admiral by King Denis in 1307, and still had that title at
139:(and a relative of the Pessanhas), and made it hereditary in the Azevedo family. That line having lost male issue by 1646, it was passed via female lines to D. Luís de Portugal, Count of Vimioso, and then after his death in 1660, it passed on by female line to the
78:. The title then passed on through Lançarote's sons Manuel II and then Carlos II, the last of the male line. Carlos II had no male heirs, but only two daughters (Genebra & Brites) and a niece (Catarina, daughter of his late brother Antonio, who had died at
555:
Pereira & Rodrigues, p.937. According to
Caetano de Sousa (vol. 1, p.208), Lopo Vaz de Azevedo was son of Gonçalo Gomes de Azevedo, alcaide of Alenquer, and Isabel Vaz Pessanha, the sister of Nuno Vaz de Castelo-Branco and daughter of Catarina
57:
were under his jurisdiction. The conditions of the
Pessanha's title stipulated that he must maintain a corps of at least 20 Genoese naval officers at all times and was obliged to serve the king in military service on land as well as sea.
65:
became a hereditary benefice in the
Pessanha family - passing successively through his sons Carlos, Bartolomeu and Lançarote. After the disastrous handling of the Portuguese fleet in the blockade of Seville in 1369, Pessanha's son
206:. However, the letter appointing Ruy de Mello da Cunha as 'admiral' in 1453 temporarily restored his authority, including the 'alto-bordo' ships. In 1460, the admiral was deprived of his jurisdiction over
536:
Baquero Moreno, p.754. According to
Caetano de Sousa (vol. 1, p.208), Nuno Vaz's mother, Catarina Pessanha, was the daughter of Antonio Pessanha (died Aljubarrota, 1385), the son of the admiral Lançarote
253:("Admiral of the Seas of Arabia, Persia, India and all the Orient" - or 'Admiral of the Indies' for short). The original 'Admiral' title became thereafter referred to narrowly as Admiral of the "
97:. After Menezes death in 1437, the title was passed on to his nephew Lançarote da Cunha (the young son of Carlos II Pessanha's other daughter, Brites Pereira), but the office was
348:
342:
117:
113:
336:
102:
366:
330:
298:
67:
354:
317:
311:
125:
360:
292:
132:
167:
241:
felt that if the
Spanish had an admiral sailing around, then surely Portuguese should have one too. So, in January 1502, just before the departure of the
378:
397:
372:
286:
711:
179:
305:
71:
49:
his death in 1316, although the conditions are unclear. Nonetheless, Manuel
Pessanha was the first person known to hold the title of
504:
324:
242:
94:
520:
706:
716:
261:) (or simply, "Admiral of Portugal"). The Admiral of the Indies title remained hereditary with Gama's descendants, the
594:
Décadas da Ásia: Dos feitos, que os
Portuguezes fizeram no descubrimento, e conquista, dos mares, e terras do Oriente
686:
Vasconcelos de
Saldanha, A. (1988) "O Almirante de Portugal: estatuto quatrocentista e quinhentista de um cargo",
607:
158:('high-sided', or sail-powered) ships of the fleet, leaving the Admiral exclusively in charge of the oar-powered
464:
Quintella, p.18; Vasconcelos de
Saldanha (1988); Caetano de Sousa, 1735, vol. 1, p.207. Exact date is ambiguous.
660:
Portugal; diccionario historico, chorographico, heraldico, biographico, bibliographico, numismatico e artistico
175:
273:
The following is the list of title-holders of the "Admiral of the Reign/Portugal/Lusitanian Sea":
75:
116:, the king's chamberlain and son of Catarina Pessanha, who in turn passed it on to his own son
691:
680:
655:
516:
524:
440:
79:
670:
128:
in 1483. But Albuquerque himself fell into intrigues and was soon deprived of the position.
262:
238:
226:
45:
140:
8:
445:
121:
21:
44:(Emanuele Pessagno). Although there is evidence that such a title existed before (e.g.
183:
171:
625:
230:
37:
33:
213:
The title of 'Admiral' was made more specific with the establishment in 1502 of the
222:
190:, covering the royal galleys and infringing on the traditional jurisdiction of the
280:
41:
29:
608:"O almirantado e a jurisdição sobre os homens do mar em Portugal na Idade Média"
412:
D. Luís Manuel Benedito da Natividade de Castro Pamplona, 5th Count of Resende.
120:, c.1476. After the treason and assassination of Lopo Vaz de Castelo Branco,
700:
246:
136:
53:(Chief Admiral) as a permanent office for a permanent fleet. All the king's
93:
in the marriage of Genebra Pereira (daughter of Carlos II Pessanha) to D.
675:
Severim de Faria, M. "Da Milicia Maritima e do officio de Almirante", in
277:
Nuno Fernandes Cogominho (not normally counted in the admiral numbering).
229:
had been granted the ornate title of 'Admiral of the Ocean Sea' by the
254:
105:. Being pre-deceased by his son, Rui de Mello was appointed admiral
154:), initially a complementary position, covering the command of the
146:
Around 1373 (exact date uncertain), the King created the office of
546:
Pereira & Rodrigues (p.142); Caetano de Sousa (vol.1, p.246)
251:
Almirante dos mares de Arabia, Persia, India e de todo o Oriente
186:). The letter appointing Avranches designates a more extensive
642:
A Batalha de Alfarrobeira: antecedentes e significado histórico
159:
54:
234:
90:
658:" in J.M. Esteves Pereira and G. Rodrigues, editors, (1904)
415:
D. Manuel Benedito de Castro Pamplona, 6th Count of Resende.
406:
D. Luís Inocêncio Benedito de Castro, 3rd Count of Resende.
424:
D. Maria José de Castro Pamplona, 9th Countess of Resende.
677:
Noticias de Portugal ecritas por Manoel Severim de Faria
482:
Quintella, 1839: p.19-20; Vasconcelos de Saldanha, 1988
221:), a second, separate Portuguese admiral title for the
427:
D. Maria Benedita de Castro, 10th Countess of Resende.
210:(fishing boats), which were passed to local councils.
418:
D. António de Castro Pamplona, 7th Count of Resende.
409:
D. António Benedito de Castro, 4th Count of Resende.
430:
D. João de Castro de Mendia, 11th Count of Resende.
268:
194:, thus suggesting that by this time, the title of
421:D. João de Castro Pamplona, 8th Count of Resende.
112:After Mello's death in 1467, the title passed to
698:
669:, 2 vols, Lisbon: Academia Real das Sciencias.
178:(appointment date uncertain) and, in 1423, by
131:In 1485, John II gave the title of admiral to
403:D. José Luís de Castro, 2nd Count of Resende.
202:high naval command had been absconded by the
649:Historia Genealogica Da Casa Real Portugueza
245:, Manuel I bestowed upon the fleet captain
325:Pedro de Menezes, 1st Count of Vila Real
712:14th-century establishments in Portugal
306:João Afonso Telo, 6th Count of Barcelos
72:João Afonso Telo, 6th Count of Barcelos
699:
473:Pereira and Rodrigues (1904: p.313-15)
467:
70:temporarily lost the admiral title to
665:Quintella, Ignaco da Costa (1839–40)
662:Lisbon: Romano Torres. p. 313-14
198:had become purely honorific, and the
626:"Crimes do Mar e Justiças da Terra"
13:
688:Revista da Universidade de Coimbra
623:
18:Admiral of the Kingdom of Portugal
14:
728:
605:
74:, but was later restored by King
527:, Vasconcelos de Saldanha (1988)
491:Caetano de Sousa, (vol. 3, p.54)
269:List of the Admirals of Portugal
647:Caetano de Sousa, A. (1735–37)
617:
599:
586:
577:
568:
559:
396:D. António José de Castro, 1st
101:exercised by Brites's husband,
583:Pereira & Rodrigues, p.739
549:
540:
530:
509:
494:
485:
476:
458:
26:Almirante do Reino de Portugal
1:
707:1317 establishments in Europe
451:
717:Maritime history of Portugal
667:Annaes da Marinha Portugueza
393:D. Luís Inocêncio de Castro.
174:, Tenreiro was succeeded by
7:
690:, vol. 34, p. 137-56.
519:; Caetano de Sousa, vol. 1
434:
40:nobleman and naval officer
10:
733:
640:Baquero Moreno, H. (1980)
349:Lopo Vaz de Castelo Branco
343:Nuno Vaz de Castelo Branco
176:Afonso Furtado de Mendonça
148:captain-major of the fleet
118:Lopo Vaz de Castelo Branco
114:Nuno Vaz de Castelo Branco
36:in 1317 (or 1322) for the
592:João de Barros (1552–59)
249:the overwrought title of
679:Lisbon: A Gomes vol. 1,
390:D. João José de Castro.
387:D. Francisco de Castro.
170:. During the reign of
85:In 1433, the title of
624:Duarte, Luís Miguel.
596:. Dec. I, Lib 6, p.24
441:Constable of Portugal
337:Rui de Mello da Cunha
215:Admiral of the Indies
143:(Counts of Resende).
103:Rui de Mello da Cunha
76:Ferdinand of Portugal
28:) as the head of the
355:Pedro de Albuquerque
318:Carlos (II) Pessanha
312:Manuel (II) Pessanha
263:Counts of Vidigueira
239:Manuel I of Portugal
227:Christopher Columbus
219:Almirante das Indias
180:Álvaro Vaz de Almada
152:capitão-mor da frota
126:Pedro de Albuquerque
124:handed the title to
32:was created by King
501:Monumenta Henricina
446:Marshal of Portugal
361:Lopo Vaz de Azevedo
293:Bartolomeu Pessanha
237:. Evidently, King
133:Lopo Vaz de Azevedo
122:John II of Portugal
16:The high office of
574:Quintella, p.41-42
384:D. João de Castro.
367:António de Azevedo
331:Lançarote da Cunha
299:Lançarote Pessanha
184:Count of Avranches
172:John I of Portugal
135:, a knight of the
68:Lançarote Pessanha
231:Catholic monarchs
225:. Back in 1492,
34:Denis of Portugal
724:
633:
632:
631:(in Portuguese).
630:
621:
615:
614:
613:(in Portuguese).
612:
603:
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590:
584:
581:
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572:
566:
563:
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547:
544:
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489:
483:
480:
474:
471:
465:
462:
398:Count of Resende
243:4th India Armada
168:Gonçalo Tenreiro
95:Pedro de Menezes
732:
731:
727:
726:
725:
723:
722:
721:
697:
696:
637:
636:
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569:
565:Quintella, p.32
564:
560:
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550:
545:
541:
535:
531:
515:Baquero Moreno
514:
510:
499:
495:
490:
486:
481:
477:
472:
468:
463:
459:
454:
437:
379:João de Azevedo
373:Lopo de Azevedo
287:Carlos Pessanha
281:Manuel Pessanha
271:
141:House of Castro
42:Manuel Pessanha
30:Portuguese navy
12:
11:
5:
730:
720:
719:
714:
709:
695:
694:
684:
673:
663:
652:
645:
635:
634:
616:
606:Viana, Mário.
598:
585:
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567:
558:
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346:
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309:
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270:
267:
61:The office of
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
729:
718:
715:
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702:
693:
689:
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609:
602:
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562:
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543:
533:
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522:
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512:
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502:
497:
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297:
294:
291:
288:
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256:
252:
248:
247:Vasco da Gama
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
211:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
192:almirante-mor
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
144:
142:
138:
137:Order of Aviz
134:
129:
127:
123:
119:
115:
110:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
83:
81:
77:
73:
69:
64:
63:Almirante-mor
59:
56:
52:
51:Almirante-mor
47:
43:
39:
35:
31:
27:
23:
19:
687:
676:
666:
659:
648:
641:
619:
601:
593:
588:
579:
570:
561:
551:
542:
532:
511:
500:
496:
487:
478:
469:
460:
272:
259:mar lusitano
258:
250:
218:
214:
212:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
163:
162:. The first
155:
151:
147:
145:
130:
111:
106:
98:
86:
84:
62:
60:
50:
25:
17:
15:
503:, vol. IV,
223:East Indies
204:capitão-mor
188:capitão-mor
164:capitão-mor
80:Aljubarrota
701:Categories
452:References
255:Lusitanian
156:alto-bordo
22:Portuguese
656:Almirante
651:, 3 vols.
644:, 2 vols.
556:Pessanha.
537:Pessanha.
523:; vol. 3
196:almirante
109:in 1453.
692:offprint
517:p.863-65
435:See also
200:de facto
99:de facto
89:went as
46:Afonso I
160:galleys
107:de jure
87:Admiral
55:galleys
38:Genoese
681:p. 139
671:vol. 1
257:Sea" (
208:arraes
629:(PDF)
611:(PDF)
521:p.209
505:p.211
235:Spain
91:dowry
525:p.54
166:was
323:D.
304:D.
233:of
82:).
703::
265:.
24::
683:.
654:"
400:.
381:.
375:.
369:.
363:.
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351:.
345:.
339:.
333:.
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314:.
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295:.
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283:.
217:(
182:(
150:(
20:(
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