1238:
1248:
22:
187:
can distinguish between facultative anaerobes and aerotolerant organisms. If the organism is using fermentation in an anaerobic environment, the addition of oxygen will cause facultative anaerobes to suspend fermentation and begin using oxygen for respiration. Aerotolerant organisms must continue
84:
environment. The ability to exhibit aerobic respiration may yield benefits to the aerobic organism, as aerobic respiration yields more energy than anaerobic respiration. Energy production of the cell involves the synthesis of
51:
can grow with or without oxygen because they can metabolise energy aerobically or anaerobically. They gather mostly at the top because aerobic respiration generates more ATP than either fermentation or anaerobic respiration.
266:
In
Oxidative phosphorylation, ATP is synthesized from ADP and a phosphate using ATP synthase. ATP synthase is powered by a proton-motive force created by using the energy generated from the electron transport chain. A
334:
58:
need oxygen because they cannot ferment or respire anaerobically. However, they are poisoned by high concentrations of oxygen. They gather in the upper part of the test tube but not the very top.
64:
do not require oxygen as they metabolise energy anaerobically. Unlike obligate anaerobes however, they are not poisoned by oxygen. They can be found evenly spread throughout the test tube.
271:(H) has a positive charge and if separated by a cellular membrane, it creates a difference in charge between the inside and outside of the membrane. Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the
441:"These Microbes May Have Survived 100 Million Years Beneath the Seafloor - Rescued from their cold, cramped and nutrient-poor homes, the bacteria awoke in the lab and grew"
93:. In aerobic respiration, ATP synthase is coupled with an electron transport chain in which oxygen acts as a terminal electron acceptor. In July 2020,
286:
because it acts as the terminal electron acceptor in prokaryotes' electron transport chain. Molecular Oxygen is reduced to water in this process.
39:
need oxygen because they cannot ferment or respire anaerobically. They gather at the top of the tube where the oxygen concentration is highest.
363:
1177:
339:
944:
684:
603:
563:
188:
fermentation in the presence of oxygen. Facultative organisms grow in both oxygen rich media and oxygen free media.
118:
934:
861:
440:
1058:
789:
156:
1272:
1282:
45:
are poisoned by oxygen, so they gather at the bottom of the tube where the oxygen concentration is lowest.
315:
305:
899:
1251:
224:
1053:
976:
939:
735:
169:
require oxygen for energy production, but are harmed by atmospheric concentrations of oxygen (21% O
620:
1129:
1048:
1027:
677:
260:
86:
183:
When an organism is able to survive in both oxygen and anaerobic environments, the use of the
1277:
1169:
811:
248:
48:
1009:
884:
867:
705:
478:
134:
30:
8:
1134:
1019:
1014:
907:
877:
730:
715:
300:
102:
482:
1164:
1063:
872:
784:
777:
499:
467:"Aerobic microbial life persists in oxic marine sediment as old as 101.5 million years"
466:
416:
391:
197:
160:
114:
61:
619:
Borisov, Vitaliy B.; Verkhovsky, Michael I. (23 October 2015). Stewart, Valley (ed.).
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220:
211:
This equation is a summary of what happens in three series of biochemical reactions:
42:
956:
832:
632:
494:
486:
411:
403:
528:
465:
Morono Y, Ito M, Hoshino T, Terada T, Hori T, Ikehara M, et al. (July 2020).
1182:
1081:
966:
842:
772:
725:
558:(4 ed.). Galveston, Texas: University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston.
130:
36:
837:
801:
490:
205:
184:
166:
94:
55:
553:
552:
Hentges DJ (1996). "17: Anaerobes:General
Characteristics". In Baron S (ed.).
373:
1266:
1191:
1076:
1032:
1004:
995:
985:
961:
857:
644:
272:
98:
392:"The aerobic mitochondrial ATP synthesis from a comprehensive point of view"
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827:
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508:
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353:
268:
176:
90:
1109:
662:
216:
407:
1216:
1201:
1119:
852:
212:
1211:
1042:
1000:
912:
806:
276:
138:
720:
697:
106:
77:
26:
1150:
1114:
750:
201:
355:
Metals, Microbes, and
Minerals - The Biogeochemical Side of Life
1196:
951:
150:
110:
81:
1124:
142:
21:
117:(SPG) ("the deadest spot in the ocean"), and could be the
146:
464:
358:(1st ed.). Berlin: de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG.
208:) is oxidized to power the electron transport chain:
389:
109:, up to 101.5 million years old, 250 feet below the
29:can be identified by growing them in test tubes of
351:
16:Organism that thrives in an oxygenated environment
618:
1264:
390:Morelli AM, Ravera S, Panfoli I (October 2020).
678:
527:Todar K. "Nutrition and Growth of Bacteria".
159:use oxygen if it is available, but also have
179:do not use oxygen but are not harmed by it.
133:need oxygen to grow. In a process known as
692:
685:
671:
458:
432:
596:Principles of Biochemistry and Biophysics
498:
415:
352:Kroneck PM, Sosa Torres ME, eds. (2021).
200:to create ATP from ADP and a phosphate.
20:
593:
551:
530:Todar's Online Textbook of Bacteriology
522:
520:
518:
196:Aerobic organisms use a process called
1265:
587:
545:
191:
666:
1247:
515:
385:
383:
598:. Laxmi Publications. p. 530.
13:
438:
14:
1294:
526:
380:
1246:
1237:
1236:
637:10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0012-2015
137:, these organisms use oxygen to
80:that can survive and grow in an
935:Bacterial cellular morphologies
631:(2): ecosalplus.ESP–0012–2015.
612:
345:
328:
1:
321:
163:methods of energy production.
340:Dorland's Medical Dictionary
7:
316:Oxygenation (environmental)
306:Fermentation (biochemistry)
289:
282:Aerobic respiration needs O
10:
1299:
1178:Bacteria (classifications)
900:Primary nutritional groups
491:10.1038/s41467-020-17330-1
107:organically poor sediments
1232:
1163:
1143:
1095:
984:
975:
927:
820:
758:
744:
704:
225:oxidative phosphorylation
119:longest-living life forms
103:quasi-suspended animation
1054:Bacterial outer membrane
141:substrates (for example
124:
1049:Gram-negative bacteria
1028:Gram-positive bacteria
439:Wu KJ (28 July 2020).
251:+ 38 phosphate → 6 CO
177:Aerotolerant anaerobes
97:reported that aerobic
65:
62:Aerotolerant organisms
25:Aerobic and anaerobic
904:Substrate preference
471:Nature Communications
157:Facultative anaerobes
49:Facultative anaerobes
24:
1273:Cellular respiration
885:Microbial metabolism
621:"Oxygen as Acceptor"
555:Medical Microbiology
192:Aerobic Respiration
135:cellular respiration
89:by an enzyme called
31:thioglycollate broth
1283:Biology terminology
1135:Non-motile bacteria
731:Pathogenic bacteria
594:Chauhan BS (2008).
483:2020NatCo..11.3626M
408:10.1098/rsob.200224
301:Anaerobic digestion
219:(also known as the
198:aerobic respiration
1064:Lipopolysaccharide
445:The New York Times
115:South Pacific Gyre
66:
43:Obligate anaerobes
1260:
1259:
1159:
1158:
1105:Bacterial capsule
1071:Periplasmic space
1038:Lipoteichoic acid
923:
922:
895:Microbial ecology
890:Nitrogen fixation
365:978-3-11-058890-3
311:Aerobic vaginitis
296:Aerobic digestion
221:Citric acid cycle
105:", were found in
95:marine biologists
1290:
1250:
1249:
1240:
1239:
1188:Former groupings
982:
981:
833:Human microbiome
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131:Obligate aerobes
70:aerobic organism
37:Obligate aerobes
1298:
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1263:
1262:
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1228:
1183:Bacterial phyla
1167:
1155:
1139:
1097:
1091:
1082:Arabinogalactan
987:
971:
919:
816:
760:
748:
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726:Lysogenic cycle
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167:Microaerophiles
149:) and generate
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56:Microaerophiles
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12:
11:
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940:cell structure
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913:Saccharophilic
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855:
850:
845:
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824:
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802:Microaerophile
799:
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605:978-8131803226
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402:(10): 200224.
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206:monosaccharide
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185:Pasteur effect
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101:(mainly), in "
99:microorganisms
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1192:Schizomycetes
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1033:Teichoic acid
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1021:
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1016:
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1005:Peptidoglycan
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565:9780963117212
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28:
23:
19:
1278:Microbiology
1222:Mendosicutes
1207:Gracilicutes
1187:
1087:Mycolic acid
1077:Mycobacteria
1075:
1047:
1026:
962:Coccobacilli
862:in pregnancy
828:Extremophile
812:Aerotolerant
767:
746:Biochemistry
708:microbiology
694:Microbiology
628:
624:
614:
595:
589:
577:. Retrieved
554:
547:
535:. Retrieved
529:
474:
470:
460:
448:. Retrieved
444:
434:
399:
396:Open Biology
395:
354:
347:
338:
330:
281:
273:mitochondria
269:hydrogen ion
265:
210:
195:
182:
121:ever found.
91:ATP synthase
73:
69:
67:
18:
1110:Slime layer
790:Facultative
778:Facultative
625:EcoSal Plus
533:. p. 4
477:(1): 3626.
217:Krebs cycle
1267:Categories
1217:Mollicutes
1212:Firmicutes
1202:Prokaryota
1120:Glycocalyx
945:plasticity
908:Lipophilic
761:preference
736:Resistance
374:1201187551
322:References
277:eukaryotes
213:glycolysis
82:oxygenated
1170:evolution
1144:Composite
1043:Endospore
1001:Cell wall
977:Structure
868:Placental
807:Nanaerobe
785:Anaerobic
716:Infection
645:2324-6200
161:anaerobic
1242:Category
1165:Taxonomy
1098:envelope
988:envelope
878:Salivary
795:Obligate
773:Obligate
721:Exotoxin
698:Bacteria
653:26734697
574:21413255
509:32724059
426:33081639
335:"aerobe"
290:See also
111:seafloor
78:organism
27:bacteria
1252:Commons
1151:Biofilm
1130:Fimbria
1115:S-layer
1096:Outside
957:Bacilli
873:Uterine
858:Vaginal
768:Aerobic
751:ecology
706:Medical
579:24 July
537:24 July
500:7387439
479:Bibcode
450:31 July
417:7653358
259:O + 38
223:), and
202:Glucose
139:oxidize
113:in the
1197:Monera
967:Spiral
759:Oxygen
651:
643:
602:
572:
562:
507:
497:
424:
414:
372:
362:
255:+ 44 H
215:, the
151:energy
143:sugars
76:is an
74:aerobe
1125:Pilus
1079:only:
1059:Porin
1051:only:
1030:only:
952:Cocci
928:Shape
848:Mouth
821:Other
247:+ 38
243:+ 6 O
125:Types
1168:and
986:Cell
853:Skin
843:Lung
749:and
649:PMID
641:ISSN
600:ISBN
581:2016
570:PMID
560:ISBN
539:2016
505:PMID
452:2020
422:PMID
370:OCLC
360:ISBN
147:fats
145:and
1020:DAP
1015:NAG
1010:NAM
838:Gut
633:doi
495:PMC
487:doi
412:PMC
404:doi
337:at
279:.
275:of
261:ATP
249:ADP
204:(a
87:ATP
72:or
68:An
60:5:
54:4:
47:3:
41:2:
35:1:
1269::
1190::
1003::
696::
647:.
639:.
627:.
623:.
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517:^
503:.
493:.
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475:11
473:.
469:.
443:.
420:.
410:.
400:10
398:.
394:.
382:^
368:.
237:12
227:.
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860:(
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583:.
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406::
376:.
284:2
257:2
253:2
245:2
241:6
239:O
235:H
233:6
231:C
171:2
153:.
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