African immigration to Israel

795:, whose mission is "supporting Israel around the world – through education and fighting anti-Semitism", states that "most of the migrants came to Israel seeking work opportunities, not as refugees escaping war"; as StandWithUs elaborates, "unlike refugees who are fleeing war or persecution, economic migrants leave their countries in search of better work opportunities." However, globally, national authorities have found asylum seekers from Eritrea deserving of refugee status in 84% of applications, and have granted refugee status to Sudanese asylum seekers 56% of the time, whereas Israel has only granted 1% of asylum petitions from these asylum seekers. Mandatory lifetime conscription is among the human-rights abuses in Eritrea from which they may be fleeing. The 119:(UNHCR) that Eritrea has a difficult internal situation and a forced recruitment and therefore the Eritrean immigrants are defined as a "temporary humanitarian protection group". Israeli authorities have stated that they could not deport Sudanese directly back to Sudan because Israel has no diplomatic ties to Sudan. Accordingly, the Israeli authorities grant temporary residence through "conditional release permits" which must be renewed every one to four months, depending on the discretion of the individual immigration official. Various authorities in Israel estimate that 80–90% of the undocumented workers live primarily in two centers: more than 60% in 196:

undocumented workers who immigrated from Africa to Israel by crossing the Egyptian border. In 2006 about 1,000 undocumented workers were detained; in 2007 about 5,000 were detained; in 2008 about 8,700 were detained; and in 2009 about 5,000 were detained. In the first half of 2010 the migration rate even further increased in the first seven months when over 8,000 undocumented workers were caught. The total number of undocumented workers is clearly greater than these figures, because many were not apprehended. The early wave of undocumented workers came mainly from Sudan, while in 2009 the majority of the immigrants were from

544:–Israel). The ruling said that conditions at the facility were an "unbearable violation of basic rights, first and foremost the right to freedom and the right to dignity". Illegal migrants can no longer be detained for up to a year without trial, however detention continues within legal boundaries. The detentions in Holot continued, with illegal immigrants being detained for a year and then prevented from living in Tel Aviv and Eilat upon their release. In November 2017, the Israeli government announced that it would be closing the Holot Detention Center within four months. 829: 733: 448:

migrant and the rape of 83-year-old Ester Nahman by a 17-year-old Eritrean migrant in 2013. There was also a rise in crimes committed by migrants against members of their own communities. According to the local police commander of south Tel Aviv, the number of police officers rose from four or five before the wave of immigrants, to over than 200 in 2017, and they were on duty around the clock. He stated that most of the crimes involved theft, drug sales and domestic violence.

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summonses of African migrants to the Holot facility, and froze others until appeals could be heard. Judges also criticized the summons process for fundamental problems, including the failure to examine individual circumstances and the lack of hearings. The government stated that hearings were not necessary because ordering the migrants to travel to Holot did not violate their human rights.

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status for fleeing forced, open-ended conscription in Eritrea or ethnic cleansing in the Darfur region of Sudan, but the government of Israel maintains that these areas merely have a poor human rights record, which does not automatically entitle one to asylum. To qualify, applicants must establish that they face the risk of personal harm or persecution if they return to their country. The

22: 345:(RSD) Unit that works closely with the United Nations. The Israeli Immigration and Border Authority processes all asylum requests and authorizes temporary group protection. Most of the Sudanese and Eritrean refugees fell into the latter category, a categorization that significantly delays registration as refugees. 268:, and murder. Both male and female migrants have also reported many cases of sexual and physical assault, rape, and the forced removal of bodily organs (kidneys, for example). Another danger for the migrants includes the Egyptian army policy shooting at them in order to prevent crossing the Egypt/Israel border. 211:. Officially, the visa allows them only to stay in the country, but in practice the state also allows the refugees to work and avoids imposing fines on the Israeli employers who employ them. This special visa requires renewal every three months. The Israeli immigration police patrols the neighborhoods of south 385:

As of April 2012, 59,858 illegal immigrants who were never imprisoned in detention facilities have illegally entered into Israel (in August 2010 the number of the imprisoned was 1,900). Several thousand of them did not end up staying in the country. The Israeli department of immigration does not keep

439:

in the general population, there was a dramatic increase among the illegal immigrants. Due to a rise in crime and the feeling of insecurity among residents of southern Tel Aviv, the police established a new station near the central bus station and the Shapira neighborhood. The station was staffed by

315:

The rapid increase in the number of Eritrean and Sudanese immigrants beginning in 2006 changed the Israeli policy towards refugees from these two countries. From then on, the Israeli government began to work towards creating an environment that would be undesirable to refugees. However, in 2007, the

159:

According to the government, the majority of the migrants are seeking economic opportunity. This is not the case among Israel's allies such as the United States, where the vast majority of Eritrean and Sudanese applicants are accepted as refugees. Once in Israel, African migrants have sought refugee

82:

Israeli citizens living in neighborhoods with large refugee populations have mixed attitudes towards them. Some have claimed refugees are "rapists" and "criminals", while others living in the same neighborhood described them as "peaceful" and "kind." With tensions rising and shifting Israeli policy,

622:

a member of Knesset attended the protest and described the Sudanese as a "cancer" in our body. This protest became violent leading to assault and destruction of property and businesses owned by Sudanese and Eritrean people. In 2015, an immigrant from Eritrea, Habtom Zarhum, was beaten to death by a

494:

Israel also began deporting illegal immigrants. In 2017 Israel announced its intent to deport thousands of illegal immigrants by March 2018. African migrants were told to choose between returning to their home countries or being sent to Rwanda and Uganda. Those who did not leave by March 2018 would

447:

Mass protests were held supporting the immigrants and their remaining in Israel. Other Israelis called for their deportation due to the rise in crime. The cases cited included the murder of 68-year-old Esther Galili who was beaten to death near her South Tel Aviv home in 2010 by a drunken Sudanese

352:

to deter the illegal migration of African refugees. The fence has significantly decreased the influx of Sudanese and Eritrean refugees into Israel. Later that same year, an emergency plan was set in motion to deport refugees to their home countries. Voluntary deportees would be given an opportunity

319:

This policy ensured that refugees were protected from deportation to their countries of origin, but they could not legally work in Israel. Due to the precarious legal work status of refugees, they are often discriminated against for job opportunities and have to rely on infrequent jobs to make ends

672:

economic reporter Nehemiah Strassler wrote that illegal immigrants take the place of manual workers, causing loss of jobs and a reduction in wages. He also said that they burden the health care, welfare and education systems. "We would never be able to raise the standard of living of the needy and

490:

along sections of its border with Egypt to curb the influx of refugees from African countries. Construction was completed in January 2013. 230 km of fence have been built. While 9,570 Africans entered Israel illegally in the first half of 2012, only 34 entered in the first six months of 2013

328:

Prior to 2006 and throughout 2007, Israeli policy was to detain all refugees from "enemy states" for months at a time. This policy was later discontinued. In addition, there existed a policy to return refugees to the Sinai desert if they had crossed the border into Israel, but this policy was also

195:

The Israeli government originally tolerated the new arrivals from Africa. It allowed their entry and many migrants found menial jobs in hotels and restaurants. But after their numbers swelled, concerns were raised. In the second half of the 2000s, there was a significant increase in the number of

275:

commenced in 2012 and was completed in 2015. 9,570 citizens of various African countries entered Israel illegally in the first half of 2012, while only 34 did the same in the first six months of 2013, after construction of the main section of the barrier was completed. After the entire fence was

690:

In mid-2010, Eilat residents demonstrated against the inaction of the Israeli government saying they were afraid to walk outside at night in certain neighborhoods. In the Shapira and Kiryat Shalom neighborhoods in southern Tel Aviv a number of real estate agents stated that they would not rent

519:

declared that long-term custody in Sahronim was unconstitutional, the government opened Holot detention center in December 2013. The 1,800 residents at Holot were allowed to leave but were required to sign in once a day and return for an evening curfew. Israeli courts temporarily cancelled the

617:

In 2010, Israelis protested the construction of the Holot detention facility, stating that its construction goes against Human Rights values. At the same time, residents of South Tel Aviv demonstrated against the presence of foreigners in their communities. In 2012, nearly 1,000 Israelis from

613:

The situation underscores the tension between two strong feelings in Israel. Israel was founded in the wake of the Holocaust and has provided refuge to Jews fleeing oppression around the world. On one hand, many Israelis feel Israel has a special responsibility to assist refugees in such dire

98:

As of January 2018, according to the Population and Immigration Authority (PIBA) there were 37,288 African migrants in Israel, not including children born to migrants in Israel. Most African migrants are regarded to be legitimate asylum seekers by human rights organizations, but the Israeli

791:, whose Israeli branch has been actively assisting African asylum seekers, has vocally opposed the Israeli government's policy toward the asylum seekers and has called on Israel to evaluate their refugee status claims in accordance with international law. The Los Angeles-based organization 595:, located in south Tel Aviv, has helped asylum seekers as well as Israeli citizens understand refugee rights, and has undertaken advocacy and educational activities including frequent trips for Israelis to visit the Holot Detention Center. Most of these organization are funded by the 523:

On 22 September 2014, the High Court struck down the anti-infiltration law and ordered the state to close Holot within 90 days. The court addressed whether to limit the detention of migrants and whether to close Holot. On both measures, the court sided with the petitioners (the

799:, the clergy organization of Conservative Judaism, passed a resolution in 2016 stating that "Israel’s Ministry of the Interior has been very reluctant to grant refugee status to bona fide asylum seekers" and calling on Israel to do so. The rabbinic human-rights organization 187:, although since then the validity of this status has expired. Regarding the other asylum requests filed by citizens of other countries and examined individually, the Interior Ministry stated that only a fraction of them were actually eligible for refugee status. 728:

In a Channel 2 interview in November 2013, Tel Aviv Mayor Ron Huldai scoffed at government policy, saying, "Can 50,000 people be a demographic threat? That's a mockery. ... The truth is they will remain here. They are human beings and I must take care of them."

316:

Israeli government was still issuing three-month renewable "conditional release" visas, which allowed Eritrean and Sudanese refugees to work. Beginning 2010, all visas upon renewal were issued with a stamp indicating that "this visa is not a working permit."

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does not keep detailed documentation regarding their place of residence, but according to estimates from 2011, which are based on data from the Israeli police, the local authorities and the NGOs, circa 15,000–17,000 illegal immigrants lived in

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On 15 January 2014, the Knesset Committee on Foreign Workers met to discuss the Immigration and Border Authority policy and its impact on the business sector. African migrants participated in the Knesset meeting. They were supported by MK

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said that migrants received adequate food and medical care and were not mistreated, but said that sending migrants there instead of prisoners was inhumane, though Israeli officials maintained that conditions there were adequate. After the

377:(UNHCR) to relocate many refugees into western nations over a period of five years. Israel agreed to grant temporary residency to those who remained. The deal soon fell apart due to pressure from within Netanyahu's own government. 171:. Israel does not review the status of the individual immigrants originating from Eritrea or Sudan, who constitute about 83% of the total people coming to Israel across the Egyptian border, and instead automatically grants them a 386:

continuous supervision over their place of residence but, according to estimates based on data from the Israeli police, the local authorities and the aid organizations, approximately 34,000 illegal immigrants originated from

599:. Relief organizations have been involved in discussions held in Knesset committees on this issue and have submitted a petition against the measures the state has taken to put a halt to the phenomenon of immigration. 293:(UNHCR). Until 2006, there were no challenges to this system due to the low number of refugees. Later, a new law was established in which the UNHCR would process asylum applications and send a recommendation to the 1907: 566:

to expel around 16,000 African migrants to Western countries in exchange for granting temporary residency in Israel to the same number. Shortly after, however, the deal was cancelled by the Israeli government.

361:

By 2015, the Israeli government began giving Sudanese and Eritrean refugees a choice to either return to their home countries, move to another state, or be imprisoned. Many migrants lived in facilities such as

1146: 114:

cannot be forcibly deported from Israel. Under international law, Eritrean citizens (who, since 2009, form the majority of the undocumented workers in Israel) cannot be deported due to the opinion of the

2099: 83:

both deterrence and support for the refugees has increased. Israeli policy toward African refugees have been heavily influenced by the advocacy and legal work of several nonprofits, including the

2539: 1776: 294: 44:

in order to settle or reside there. This phenomenon began in the second half of the 2000s, when a large number of people from Africa entered Israel, mainly through the then-lightly fenced

440:

100-150 police officers. According to the Israeli Police report to the Knesset in March 2012, there was a steady increase in crime among the illegal immigrants from 2007. In 2011, 1,200

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status. This status allows these people to have temporary residence right within Israel, which must be renewed every 3 months; usually this also means that they would be eligible for a

4803: 1657:[Victims of exploitation for sexual purposes and slavery among the infiltrators and asylum seekers in Israel] (in Hebrew). Knesset Research and Information Center. 8 June 2010 779:

story and call attention to the plight of the migrants. Similar seders were held in support of the migrants in Tel Aviv and Washington. Similar events took place in 2015 and 2016.

304:

granted only 170 permits of this kind between 2002-2005. Moreover, individuals identified as "citizens of enemy states" were not allowed to seek asylum. This was the status of all

680:, who headed the government committee on issue of illegal asylum seekers, proposed establishing a city near the Egyptian border where the immigrants would live until deportation. 75:. Israeli policy concerning these refugees has evolved from a policy of neutrality to a policy of deterrence. These refugees began arriving in Israel in the 21st century, led by 260:

smugglers to transfer them to the border between Egypt and Israel. There have been cases of abuse against male and female migrants committed by the Bedouin smugglers, including

996: 395: 342: 657:

warned that the migrants could serve as informants or operatives of terrorist organizations. He stated that they were contributing to congestion in the cities and a rise in

203:

In early May 2010, it was estimated that 24,339 undocumented workers resided in Israel, of whom the number of Sudanese and Eritrean refugees who are not deportable under

3430: 2610: 289:

Prior to 2000, the Israeli government had not created any specific policies for handling incoming refugees. The determination of refugee status was outsourced to the

502:

passed an "anti-infiltration law" which meant that many Africans who entered after the bill's passage or those whose visas have expired were sent to the neighboring

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issued a condemnation of the violence and called to refrain from racism and incitement. He said: "Hatred of foreigners contradicts the fundamental principles of

1679: 1866: 650:. In late 2017, early 2018, North American Jewish organizations joined with Israeli NGOs to decry Israel's decision to close Holot and deport asylum seekers. 1885: 1056: 2543: 1773: 444:

were opened against illegal immigrants from Africa, half of them in the Tel Aviv district. This was an increase of 54% in comparison to the previous year.

887: 3655: 1355: 1260: 592: 207:

was 18,959: 5,649 Sudanese and 13,310 Eritreans. 16,766 of them received a special visa (ס 2א 5) granted to illegal immigrants who are non-deportable

56:, 26,635 people arrived illegally in this way by July 2010, and over 55,000 by January 2012. In an attempt to curb the influx, Israel constructed the 3562: 1171: 1042: 172: 2904: 1221: 60:. Since its completion in December 2013, the barrier has almost completely stopped the immigration of Africans into Israel across the Sinai border. 470:

stated that regardless of the level of crime committed by infiltrators, the distress of residents of South Tel Aviv should not be underestimated.

2922: 3062: 1109: 745: 2791: 147:

in Israel. Lack of a valid work permit severely limits their economic opportunities. There was a case of a riot targeting African refugees in

618:

neighborhoods in South Tel Aviv staged a protest against illegal immigrants demanding the deportation and expulsion of migrants from Africa,

374: 290: 168: 116: 103: 3166: 1474: 1196: 229:

According to the IDF's Operations Division in 2008, most of the countries from where the illegal immigrants came are (in descending order):

1688:(in Hebrew). Research Center, National Defense College and Chaikin Chair in Geostrategy, University of Haifa. December 2009. Archived from 1024: 725:. I am well aware of the difficulties faced by the residents of south Tel Aviv and other similar areas, but violence is not the solution." 2595: 614:

conditions. On the other hand, many Israelis fear the continued migration of immigrants and refugees would threaten the Jewish majority.

1583:[Data on crimes made by illegal immigrants and asylum seekers and of crimes made against illegal immigrants and asylum seekers] 973:[Data on crimes made by illegal immigrants and asylum seekers and of crimes made against illegal immigrants and asylum seekers] 3774: 3114: 2039: 451:

In 2012, the police reported difficulties dealing with crimes committed by this sector due to a lack of interpreters proficient in the

1315: 5015: 4470: 4915: 4279: 1929: 1423: 665:. He predicted that failing to stop the illegal immigration waves at an early stage would lead to much larger waves in the future. 5042: 5000: 3192: 943: 5152: 4485: 2878: 1340: 1084: 842: 677: 588: 537: 525: 92: 3014: 4584: 3975: 3045: 3000: 2635: 2147: 1517: 1488: 602:

Unitaf creates early-childhood programs for refugee and stateless children living in Israel; the President of the board is

4254: 5117: 4950: 4171: 3992: 756:

detention facilities. Migrants said they feared their lives would be in danger if they returned to their home countries.

584: 215:

regularly and arrests asylum seekers who do not carry a valid visa; the punishment can be one to three months in prison.

2557: 1954: 4176: 3737: 3504: 1804: 580: 2273: 5096: 4559: 4269: 3953: 2668: 576: 529: 84: 3700: 1689: 4920: 4104: 3825: 3798: 1982: 740:

Demonstrations and rallies supporting the refugees have also been held. On 28 December 2013 thousands protested in

179:

in Israel. In the past Israel also granted an automatic "temporary protection group" status to all citizens of the

5122: 2486: 1382: 3604: 2715: 2324: 3767: 3536: 895: 803:, based in New York, has made it a priority to encourage Israel to evaluate all asylum seekers' claims fairly. 624: 3478: 2457: 366:

and similar ones, where they are free to leave during the day, but must return at night or face imprisonment.

4661: 4524: 4455: 4441: 4185: 4119: 2827: 2349: 1712: 161: 53: 1825:"Ordered disorder: African asylum seekers in Israel and discursive challenges to an emerging refugee regime" 4554: 1289: 867: 427:

range from 400 to 600 illegal immigrants. As of 2017, only 39,274 of those who entered the country remain.

2809: 2687: 5147: 4945: 4900: 4828: 4475: 4089: 3087: 305: 1707: 5127: 4975: 4879: 4839: 4514: 4114: 4099: 3882: 2429: 1761: 1627: 309: 167:

Most migrants request refugee status after arriving in Israel, in accordance with the United Nations's

45: 3456: 5086: 4726: 4579: 4574: 3760: 79:

smugglers. As of 2018, the non-Jewish African refugee population in Israel is approximately 36,000.

5142: 5137: 4629: 4353: 4064: 3803: 3032:

Sabar, Galia; Tsurkov, Elizabeth (May 2015). "Israel's Policies towards Asylum-Seekers:2012–2014".

487: 349: 272: 57: 748:

in South Tel Aviv to city center, decrying the detention without trial of African refugees in the

300:

Approved refugees received temporary residency and temporary work permits in Israel. However, the

5062: 4854: 4509: 4180: 3403: 3402:

Yoni Hirsch; Shlomo Cesana; Yori Yalon; Itsik Saban; Gideon Allon; Yael Branovsky (25 May 2012).

2436: 2406: 1652: 516: 330: 1867:"Netanyahu Defends Egypt Border Fence: Influx of African Migrants More Dangerous Than Terrorism" 5132: 4980: 4775: 4534: 4010: 3958: 3948: 3936: 3377:[Pandemonium and arrests at the demonstration in south Tel Aviv: Foreigners attacked]. 2370: 2015:[Crime of infiltrators and asylum seekers and against infiltrators and asylum seekers] 847: 662: 5032: 4957: 4864: 4780: 4765: 4719: 4714: 4589: 4229: 4156: 4151: 4022: 3865: 3812: 2852: 2199: 2173: 2121: 1740:[The southern border phenomenon: the Egyptian army shoots infiltrators] (in Hebrew). 1319: 541: 3518: 1792: 4990: 4770: 4569: 4319: 1383:""Infiltrators" or Refugees? An Analysis of Israel's Policy Towards African Asylum-Seekers" 403:(mainly in southern Tel Aviv, though the number also includes illegal immigrants living in 151:, although the Israeli government has arrested and subsequently punished the perpetrators. 3675: 3372: 3310: 3279: 3248: 2514: 2298: 2247: 2079: 8: 4748: 4739: 4704: 4480: 4109: 3914: 2770: 2741: 2400: 1850: 1834:. Research Paper No. 205: 1–21 – via United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 1029: 857: 852: 796: 715: 3897: 917: 744:

against detention of asylum seekers from Sudan and Eritrea. The protesters marched from

5022: 4905: 4671: 4634: 4594: 4529: 4244: 2982: 2491: 1293: 1043:

Israel Completes 245 Mile, NIS 1.6 Billion Security Fence Along Sinai Border with Egypt

638:. Support is also demonstrated through the work of non-profit organizations, including 556: 370: 301: 64: 3877: 1845: 353:

for self-removal and receive 1,000 Euro to assist in repatriation to their homelands.

4985: 4925: 4785: 4651: 4519: 4410: 4166: 4141: 3041: 2974: 2643: 2590: 2010: 1578: 1547: 1405: 1103: 968: 452: 265: 204: 4190: 3341: 1606: 4758: 4427: 4380: 4348: 4274: 4212: 4195: 4161: 4094: 4059: 4054: 4032: 4027: 3963: 3941: 3845: 3820: 3783: 3018: 2540:"99.6% Drop in the Number of Infiltrators Entering Israel Due to Government Action" 1397: 1124: 862: 547:

A law passed in 2017 required that employers impose a 20 per cent deduction on the

503: 363: 4683: 435:

In December 2010, Police commissioner Dudi Cohen stated that despite a decline in

4709: 4641: 4564: 4446: 4422: 4390: 4385: 4336: 4309: 4299: 4205: 4084: 3904: 3887: 3850: 3840: 3284:[Huldai to Netanyahu: Residents abandoned in front of the infiltrators]. 2823: 1780: 1774:

99.6% Drop in the Number of Infiltrators Entering Israel Due to Government Action

711: 695: 596: 559:

of 16 per cent. This money is accessible to workers only when they leave Israel.

49: 16:

Movement from Africa to Israel of people that are not natives or Israeli citizens

2225: 5052: 5037: 4549: 4539: 4497: 4465: 4460: 4400: 4304: 4249: 4239: 4200: 4042: 4037: 3926: 3835: 3746:"unitaf, Aid Organization for Refugees and stateless children living in Israel" 3346:[Realtors in south Tel Aviv: illegal aliens will not rent apartments]. 3140: 772: 631: 563: 223: 208: 3253:[MK Katz: ball at the top of the Bedouins who help the infiltrators]. 3217: 2792:"In dramatic ruling, High Court rejects Israel's policies on illegal migrants" 1824: 1147:"Israel scraps contested plan to deport tens of thousands of African migrants" 5111: 4753: 4678: 4614: 4544: 4405: 4395: 4375: 4363: 4331: 4126: 4047: 3980: 3909: 3870: 3401: 2978: 2647: 1409: 834: 820: 732: 441: 2905:"Israel reaches deal with U.N. to resettle asylum seekers in Western states" 2771:"High Court orders closure of detention facility for African asylum seekers" 2742:"Judges nix summonses of illegal immigrants, slam Israel's detention policy" 2669:"The new 'choice' for asylum seekers: Deportation or prison | +972 Magazine" 491:

after construction of the barrier. This represented a decrease of over 99%.

5010: 5005: 4844: 4502: 4492: 4224: 3830: 3408: 2562: 2046: 1524: 1172:"South Tel Aviv residents show mixed emotions about African refugee crisis" 1061: 761: 718: 707: 654: 603: 511: 424: 139:. Most non-Jewish African refugees have been granted "conditional release" 136: 72: 3701:"Resolution on African Asylum Seekers in Israel | The Rabbinical Assembly" 2923:"Netanyahu completes about-face on migrants, says UNHCR deal is cancelled" 1005:(in Hebrew). Israeli authority of population and immigration. January 2012 673:

reduce the gaps, if we keep on absorbing more and more destitute people."

5027: 4869: 4693: 4656: 4646: 4619: 4234: 4146: 3855: 2518: 792: 703: 482:

The entrance to Holot immigration detention center, Negev desert, Israel.

478: 242: 184: 180: 176: 144: 140: 41: 2986: 2586:"Israel begins deporting Eritrean refugees to troubled African homeland" 1735: 1381:

Yaron, Hadas; Hashimshony-Yaffe, Nurit; Campbell, John (15 April 2013).

555:. The deducted money is deposited in a fund along with an employer paid 4995: 4666: 4606: 4324: 3931: 3919: 3630: 3434: 2148:"South Tel Aviv Being Overtaken by Illegal Immigrants, Media is Silent" 1991:(in Hebrew). Israel Population and Immigration Authority. November 2011 1401: 699: 684: 619: 533: 467: 88: 2946:[The strategy 'Dawa' of the New Israel Fund] (in Hebrew). MIDA 2611:"Israel Tells African Migrants, Asylum-Seekers To Leave Or Go To Jail" 2558:"Israel planning to deport African migrants to 'east African country'" 575:

Israel has a number of organizations focused legal aid, including the

276:

completed, the number of migrant crossings had dropped to 16 in 2016.

4264: 800: 749: 507: 436: 420: 408: 132: 3605:"HIAS Calls for Protection of Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Israel" 1963:(in Hebrew). Israel Population and Immigration Authority. April 2012 1497:(in Hebrew). Israel Population and Immigration Authority. April 2012 1472: 4415: 4368: 4314: 4131: 4015: 3985: 3968: 3752: 3730:"ASSAF, Aid Organization for Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Israel" 3576: 3063:"Thousands in Tel Aviv Protest Plan for Refugee Detention Facility" 1908:"Israeli government to refugees: Go back to Africa or go to prison" 776: 741: 736:

Eritrean asylum seekers at Levinsky Park, Tel Aviv. January 8, 2014

635: 400: 238: 219: 212: 148: 120: 3860: 3167:"CTIVISTS HOLD SEDER FOR AFRICAN ASYLUM-SEEKERS AT HOLOT FACILITY" 2542:. Benjamin Netanyahu Official Website. 1 July 2013. Archived from 2325:"African migrant murdered in south Tel Aviv | The Times of Israel" 2226:"תושבת דרום תל אביב מאשימה את המשטרה: "היה אפשר למנוע את רצח אמי"" 1448: 639: 63:

The African refugee population in Israel is composed primarily of

5057: 5047: 3431:"Africans face uncertain Israeli future after perilous migration" 3348: 3224: 2775: 2462: 2019:(in Hebrew). Knesset Research and Information Center. 25 May 2011 1654:קורבנות ניצול למטרות מין ועבדות בקרב המסתננים ומבקשי המקלט בישראל 1607:"America Team for Displaced Eritreans » Surviving in Israel" 1580:נתונים על פשיעה של מסתננים ומבקשי מקלט וכנגד מסת ננים ומבקשי מקלט 1556:(in Hebrew). Knesset Research and Information Center. 26 May 2010 970:נתונים על פשיעה של מסתננים ומבקשי מקלט וכנגד מסת ננים ומבקשי מקלט 722: 669: 499: 456: 404: 387: 257: 246: 230: 197: 107: 102:

Many of the migrants seek asylum status under the United Nations

76: 68: 687:

demanded that the government take "immediate emergency action."

647: 4341: 4259: 4217: 3892: 3537:"Week after ban, African migrants take part in Knesset meeting" 2853:"Government approves closure of Holot facility within 4 months" 2299:"Eritrean Immigrant Held on Rape, Robbery of Disabled TA Woman" 1741: 1222:"20,000 Israelis Protest Deportation of African Asylum Seekers" 1125:"African Migration to Israel: Debt, Employment and Remittances" 765: 643: 459:. The Israeli legal system reported a similar problem in 2014. 416: 128: 37: 33: 3315:[Refugees want to stay in Eilat, "not all Sudanese"]. 2636:"Rwanda, Uganda Deny Deal With Israel to Take Africa Migrants" 1380: 396:

Administration of Border Crossings, Population and Immigration

4734: 4358: 3404:"No place for violence against African migrants and refugees" 3193:"NORTH AMERICAN JEWISH LEADERS: PLEASE DON'T DEPORT AFRICANS" 2174:"Masses expected to attend Tel Aviv migrant solidarity rally" 1930:"Israeli Leader Is Forced to Retreat on African Migrant Deal" 1341:

African migrants reel as Israeli law cuts into their salaries

1316:"Israel: New detention law violates rights of asylum-seekers" 1083:

AM, Yardena Schwartz On 10/13/15 at 10:54 (13 October 2015).

753: 658: 552: 548: 463: 412: 391: 271:

To contain the illegal entry of persons, construction of the

253: 234: 124: 111: 3141:"Two Dead, 11 Wounded in Shooting Attack in Southern Israel" 1552:[Treatment infiltrators from the border with Egypt] 1057:"Israel's border fence with Egypt has transformed the south" 99:

government says most of them are job seeking work-migrants.

3379: 3317: 3286: 3255: 3222:[Nehemiah Strassler | 4- Infiltrators a day]. 2074: 788: 694:

On 23 May 2012, over a thousand people demonstrated in the

261: 164:

has failed to review the vast majority of asylum requests.

3745: 3729: 2073:[Police: up 23% of crime is foreign] (in Hebrew). 1708:"Human Rights Watch faults Egypt's 'shoot-to-stop' policy" 1684:[Refugees or migrant workers from African states] 21: 3519:

TA: Thousands protest against detention of asylum seekers

3115:"Demonstrators Attack African Migrants in South Tel Aviv" 2405:[State of Israel v. Byena Smarhart] (in Hebrew). 1424:"Violent Riots Target African Nationals Living In Israel" 256:, and then pay sums of up to twenty thousand dollars for 40:

of people that are not natives or do not possess Israeli

3479:"Muslim Refugees Demonstrating in Israel To Support Icc" 2122:"20,000 asylum seekers, supporters, protest in Tel Aviv" 2092:"Thousands of Africans protest Israeli deportation plan" 1793:

Israel to trade arms for migrants with African countries

1255: 1253: 1251: 1249: 1247: 1245: 1243: 1123:

Furst-Nichols, Rebecca; Jacobsen, Karen (January 2011).

775:

with asylum seekers at the Holot facility to recall the

394:

and 10,000 originated from other countries. The Israeli

3370: 2080:

http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/1,7340,L-4204802,00.html

1473:

David Mac Dougall and Josef Federman (7 January 2014).

2828:"Israel frees 1,200 migrants, bans them from Tel Aviv" 2012:פשיעה של מסתננים ומבקשי מקלט וכנגד מסתננים ומבקשי מקלט 1783:, Israeli Prime Minister official website. 1 July 2013 963: 961: 634:

have been held each year during the Jewish holiday of

623:

mob after being misidentified as the perpetrator in a

2274:"Charge: Eritrean raped and beat 83-yr-old for hours" 1573: 1571: 1240: 1197:"Israel to African refugees: You're not welcome here" 1122: 423:

range from 1,000 to 8,000 illegal immigrants, and in

3563:"מבקשי המקלט שכלואים ב״חולות״ מחכים לחג החירות שלהם" 2487:"PM tours South, heralds completion of border fence" 810: 562:

In April 2018, Israel reached an agreement with the

2688:"Israeli: Detention center for Africans a 'prison'" 1886:"Israel rounds up African migrants for deportation" 1085:"Non-Jewish Refugees Get a Cold Shoulder in Israel" 958: 2879:"African migrant families battle hunger in Israel" 1568: 551:of workers who entered the country illegally from 297:, which was tasked with deciding refugee status. 3001:"Who Will Save the Refugee Children of Tel Aviv?" 2200:"3 Africans suspected of raping 15-year-old girl" 1674: 1672: 419:range from 1,500 to 2,000 illegal immigrants, in 249:. Most of the illegal immigrants (85%) were men. 5109: 2716:"African migrants in Israel hold Passover seder" 787:The Maryland-based refugee rights organization 3525:, 28 December 2013, Retrieved 29 December 2013 2789: 2713: 2512: 1805:ISRAEL COMPLETES HEIGHTENED EGYPT BORDER FENCE 1669: 1374: 1017: 3768: 3670: 3668: 3501:"African Refugees Protest in Israel protests" 2458:"Israel completes bulk of Egypt border fence" 2350:"Sudanese minor found dead in south Tel Aviv" 1818: 1816: 1814: 1812: 1515: 1475:"African migrants in Israel have little hope" 1036: 625:terrorist attack at the Beersheva bus station 473: 375:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 291:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 169:Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees 117:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 104:Convention relating to the Status of Refugees 3534: 3395: 3339: 3312:הפליטים רוצים להישאר באילת: "לא כולם סודנים" 3031: 2939: 1737:תופעה בגבול הדרומי: הצבא המצרי יורה במסתננים 1350: 1348: 3374:מהומה ועצורים בהפגנה בדרום ת"א: זרים הותקפו 3308: 3281:חולדאי לנתניהו: תושבים מופקרים מול המסתננים 3277: 3250:ח"כ כ"ץ: כדור בראש לבדואים שעוזרים למסתננים 3015:"President of the Board at unitaf - unitaf" 2810:"Netanyahu, ministers mull new migrant law" 2484: 2068: 1733: 1108:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 3775: 3761: 3665: 3628: 3246: 3017:. unitaf.org. 8 April 2020. Archived from 2685: 2515:"New Data Shows 99% Drop in Illegal Entry" 1809: 1705: 1290:"Israel: Asylum Seekers Blocked at Border" 369:During the spring of 2018, Prime Minister 348:In 2012, Israel built a fence along their 25:African migrants demonstrating in Tel Aviv 3371:Neri Brenner; Boaz Feiler (23 May 2012). 3343:מתווכים בדרום ת"א: לא נשכיר דירות לשב"חים 3138: 2768: 2764: 2762: 2739: 2037: 1864: 1345: 894:. Oxford University Press. Archived from 782: 714:spoke. Later the protest turned violent. 341:In 2009, the Israeli government formed a 71:refugees migrating to Israel through the 3656:"African Migrants in Israel – Factsheet" 3599: 3597: 3190: 2709: 2707: 2705: 1927: 1883: 1762:New Data Shows 99% Drop in Illegal Entry 946:. London, England: Refugee Council. 2016 731: 477: 20: 3423: 3088:"Israel: Amend 'Anti-Infiltration' Law" 2943:אסטרטגיית ה'דעווה' של הקרן החדשה לישראל 2802: 2373:אם מישהו מפחד לצאת, יהיה כוח שייגש אליו 1468: 1466: 1464: 1462: 977:(in Hebrew). 11 October 2010. p. 3 5110: 3164: 2822: 2759: 2679: 1522:[Agitators against refugees]. 1144: 1054: 843:African Hebrew Israelites of Jerusalem 589:Association for Civil Rights in Israel 526:Association for Civil Rights in Israel 93:Association for Civil Rights in Israel 3756: 3594: 2702: 2427: 1923: 1921: 1905: 1901: 1899: 1025:Sharon presses for fence across Sinai 771:In April 2014, activists organized a 608: 295:Israeli National Status Granting Body 5092: 3782: 3560: 3139:Ben Zikri, Almog (19 October 2015). 3112: 3060: 2790:Marissa Newman (22 September 2014). 2608: 1681:פליטים או מהגרי עבודה ממדינות אפריקה 1459: 1268:Population and Immigration Authority 1134:: 1–20 – via Tufts University. 683:In December 2011, Mayor of Tel Aviv 570: 430: 3738:"Hotline for Refugees and Migrants" 3676:"Asylum Seekers in Israel | T'ruah" 3219:נחמיה שטרסלר | 40 מסתננים ליום 3191:Eisenbud, Daniel (9 January 2018). 2248:"Murders by Illegals go Unreported" 1822: 1045:Algemeiner, 4 December 2013 2:58 PM 936: 591:. The secular Jewish organization 585:African Refugees Development Center 329:ended later by the decision of the 13: 1918: 1896: 1884:Hamilton, Douglas (11 June 2012). 1865:Ben Zikri, Almog (20 March 2018). 1628:"Migration data in Eastern Africa" 1516:Zahava Galeon (12 November 2010). 1082: 1055:Lappin, Yaakov (15 January 2019). 691:apartments to illegal immigrants. 581:Physicians for Human Rights-Israel 538:Physicians for Human Rights–Israel 252:Most migrants initially arrive in 14: 5164: 3722: 2965:"National Jewish Organizations". 2609:Cook, Jesselyn (5 January 2018). 2428:Arbel, Edna (16 September 2013). 2071:המשטרה: עלייה של 23% בפשיעת הזרים 1928:Kershner, Isabel (2 April 2018). 577:Hotline for Refugees and Migrants 530:Hotline for Refugees and Migrants 486:In 2010, Israel began building a 85:Hotline for Refugees and Migrants 32:is the international movement to 5091: 5082: 5081: 3964:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 3693: 3648: 3622: 3569: 3554: 3535:Lazar Berman (15 January 2014). 3528: 3511: 3493: 3471: 3449: 3165:Sharon, Jeremy (17 April 2016). 2714:Tia Goldenberg (11 April 2014). 1846:"Refugee Law and Policy: Israel" 827: 813: 495:be jailed until leaving Israel. 466:, Israeli Supreme Court justice 3481:. World News Inc. 11 March 2009 3364: 3333: 3302: 3278:Gilad Morag (4 December 2011). 3271: 3247:Roni Sofer (28 December 2010). 3240: 3210: 3184: 3158: 3132: 3106: 3080: 3061:Lior, Ilan (24 December 2010). 3054: 3034:Instituto Affari Internazionali 3025: 3007: 2993: 2958: 2940:Akiva Bigman (1 January 2014). 2933: 2915: 2897: 2871: 2845: 2816: 2783: 2769:Ilan Lior (22 September 2014). 2733: 2661: 2628: 2602: 2578: 2566:. Associated Press. 3 June 2013 2550: 2532: 2506: 2478: 2450: 2421: 2393: 2363: 2342: 2317: 2291: 2266: 2240: 2218: 2192: 2166: 2140: 2114: 2084: 2062: 2044:[Fear in the streets]. 2031: 2003: 1987:[Israeli Foreign Data] 1975: 1947: 1877: 1858: 1838: 1798: 1786: 1767: 1755: 1727: 1706:Liam Stack (13 November 2008). 1699: 1645: 1620: 1599: 1540: 1509: 1493:[Israeli foreign data] 1481: 1441: 1416: 1334: 1308: 1282: 1214: 1189: 1164: 1138: 1116: 1001:[Israeli foreign data] 506:without trial. After visiting 464:Holot "open detention facility" 390:, about 15,000 originated from 380: 154: 52:. According to the data of the 46:border between Israel and Egypt 3340:Noah Koshrik (2 August 2010). 3228:(in Hebrew). 24 September 2010 2740:Ilan Lior (20 February 2014). 2594:. 15 July 2013. Archived from 2513:Maayana Miskin (2 July 2013). 2485:Herb Keinon (2 January 2013). 2278:The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com 2069:Omri Efraim (19 March 2012). 1959:[Israel Foreign Data] 1906:Booth, William (14 May 2015). 1832:New Issues in Refugee Research 1734:Amir Bohbot (2 October 2011). 1453:United Nations Population Fund 1176:The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com 1145:Eglash, Ruth (25 April 2018). 1132:Feinstein International Center 1076: 1048: 989: 910: 880: 1: 5153:Illegal immigration to Israel 3561:פולס, ישראל (29 April 2016). 2967:The American Jewish Year Book 1713:The Christian Science Monitor 873: 30:African immigration to Israel 3309:Ahuva Mamus (11 July 2010). 2402:מדינת ישראל נגד ביינה סמרהרט 1823:Paz, Yonathan (March 2011). 1587:(in Hebrew). 11 October 2010 1356:"Make Their Lives Miserable" 868:Refugee kidnappings in Sinai 640:Kav LaOved (Worker's Hotline 411:) and 4,000–8,000 living in 356: 343:Refugee Status Determination 336: 323: 310:have no diplomatic relations 284: 218:141 immigrants, mostly from 173:"temporary protection group" 7: 3437:. Reuters. 22 December 2013 2686:Diaa Hadid (14 July 2013). 1795:, Ynetnews.com. 9 July 2013 1549:הטיפול במסתננים מגבול מצרים 806: 306:Sudanese refugees in Israel 279: 10: 5169: 5118:African diaspora in Israel 4976:African diaspora religions 4100:Indigenous Black Canadians 3705:www.rabbinicalassembly.org 3113:Lior, Ilan (24 May 2012). 2642:. Associated Press. 2018. 1764:, Arutz Sheva. 2 July 2013 1062:South Florida Sun-Sentinel 474:Handling of asylum seekers 190: 5077: 4966: 4951:African Hebrew Israelites 4936: 4890: 4827: 4816: 4796: 4727:Afro-Asians in South Asia 4692: 4605: 4440: 4290: 4075: 4001: 3811: 3797: 3790: 2038:Avi Cohen (18 May 2012). 1779:30 September 2013 at the 1270:(in Hebrew). January 2018 415:. While the estimates in 264:, kidnapping for ransom, 54:Israeli Interior Ministry 3993:Turks and Caicos Islands 3373: 3342: 3311: 3280: 3249: 3218: 3003:. Haaretz. 5 April 2015. 2942: 2401: 2070: 2040: 2011: 1983: 1955: 1736: 1680: 1653: 1579: 1548: 1518: 1489: 997: 969: 944:"Who's who: Definitions" 373:reached a deal with the 2437:Supreme Court of Israel 2407:Supreme Court of Israel 1390:International Migration 517:Supreme Court of Israel 5123:Demographics of Israel 4981:Anti-African sentiment 3631:"StandWithUs About Us" 2812:. AFP. 7 October 2014. 2096:www.washingtonpost.com 892:OxfordDictionaries.com 848:Demographics of Israel 783:International response 737: 483: 143:, which are not valid 26: 5033:Civil rights movement 4921:Afro-Caribbean people 4230:Chestnut Ridge people 4152:African-American Jews 3954:Saint Kitts and Nevis 3021:on 28 September 2020. 2546:on 30 September 2013. 2430:"Adam v. The Knesset" 2329:www.timesofisrael.com 1632:Migration data portal 1320:Amnesty International 924:. Merriam-Webster, In 735: 542:Amnesty International 481: 462:In her ruling on the 331:Israeli Supreme Court 308:since both countries 24: 4991:Atlantic slave trade 4679:United Arab Emirates 2303:Israel National News 2252:Israel National News 661:, and constituted a 653:Israeli demographer 273:Egypt–Israel barrier 58:Egypt–Israel barrier 4880:Sierra Leone Creole 4731:India and Pakistan 3976:Trinidad and Tobago 3826:Antigua and Barbuda 3635:www.standwithus.com 3541:The Times of Israel 2883:Middle East Monitor 2796:The Times of Israel 2720:The Times of Israel 2675:. 13 December 2017. 1912:The Washington Post 1851:Library of Congress 1477:. Associated Press. 1261:"נתוני זרים בישראל" 1151:The Washington Post 1030:The Daily Telegraph 922:Merriam-Webster.com 858:Illegal immigration 853:Geography of Israel 797:Rabbinical Assembly 5148:Refugees in Israel 5023:Black Lives Matter 4630:Ethiopian Israelis 4280:African immigrants 4255:Louisiana Redbones 4191:Chickasaw freedmen 4120:African immigrants 3888:Dominican Republic 3092:Human Rights Watch 2859:. 19 November 2017 2690:. Associated Press 2640:The New York Times 2492:The Jerusalem Post 2180:. 23 February 2018 2128:. 25 February 2018 1934:The New York Times 1695:on 14 August 2011. 1402:10.1111/imig.12070 1362:. 9 September 2014 1360:Human Rights Watch 1294:Human Rights Watch 1228:. 24 February 2018 1033:, 7 December 2005. 898:on 5 November 2013 738: 663:demographic threat 609:Response in Israel 484: 371:Benjamin Netanyahu 302:Israeli government 123:and more than 20% 27: 5128:Economy of Israel 5105: 5104: 5073: 5072: 4986:Anti-Black racism 4926:British Jamaicans 4916:African Americans 4901:African Americans 4855:Americo-Liberians 4840:African Americans 4812: 4811: 4635:Sudanese refugees 4436: 4435: 4206:Seminole freedmen 4186:Cherokee freedmen 4167:Black Southerners 4142:African Americans 4090:African Americans 3517:Itay Blumenthal, 3047:978-88-98650-44-6 2973:: 467–524. 1996. 2885:. 8 November 2018 2591:Los Angeles Times 1984:נתוני זרים בישראל 1956:נתוני זרים בישראל 1519:מסיתים נגד פליטים 1490:נתוני זרים בישראל 1322:. 10 January 2012 571:Aid organizations 453:Tigrinya language 431:Criminal activity 350:border with Egypt 205:international law 162:Interior Ministry 5160: 5095: 5094: 5085: 5084: 4825: 4824: 4213:Creoles of color 4196:Choctaw freedmen 4162:Black Mennonites 4095:Black Mennonites 3942:Jamaican Maroons 3898:Samaná Americans 3809: 3808: 3795: 3794: 3784:African diaspora 3777: 3770: 3763: 3754: 3753: 3749: 3741: 3733: 3716: 3715: 3713: 3711: 3697: 3691: 3690: 3688: 3686: 3672: 3663: 3662: 3660: 3652: 3646: 3645: 3643: 3641: 3629:HagaiZamir.com. 3626: 3620: 3619: 3617: 3615: 3601: 3592: 3591: 3589: 3587: 3577:"HIAS in Israel" 3573: 3567: 3566: 3558: 3552: 3551: 3549: 3547: 3532: 3526: 3515: 3509: 3508: 3507:on 29 July 2011. 3503:. 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597:New Israel Fund 573: 476: 433: 383: 359: 339: 326: 287: 282: 193: 157: 50:Sinai Peninsula 17: 12: 11: 5: 5166: 5156: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5120: 5103: 5102: 5100: 5099: 5089: 5078: 5075: 5074: 5071: 5070: 5068: 5067: 5066: 5065: 5055: 5053:Pan-Africanism 5050: 5045: 5040: 5038:Creole peoples 5035: 5030: 5025: 5020: 5019: 5018: 5013: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4972: 4970: 4964: 4963: 4961: 4960: 4955: 4954: 4953: 4942: 4940: 4934: 4933: 4931: 4930: 4929: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4910: 4909: 4908: 4903: 4894: 4892: 4888: 4887: 4885: 4884: 4883: 4882: 4874: 4873: 4872: 4867: 4859: 4858: 4857: 4849: 4848: 4847: 4842: 4833: 4831: 4822: 4814: 4813: 4810: 4809: 4807: 4806: 4800: 4798: 4794: 4793: 4791: 4790: 4789: 4788: 4778: 4773: 4768: 4763: 4762: 4761: 4756: 4754:Black Dutchmen 4746: 4745: 4744: 4743: 4742: 4729: 4724: 4723: 4722: 4717: 4707: 4701: 4699: 4690: 4689: 4687: 4686: 4681: 4676: 4675: 4674: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4638: 4637: 4632: 4622: 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Citizens of 95:, and others. 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5165: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5133:Law of Israel 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5115: 5113: 5098: 5090: 5088: 5080: 5079: 5076: 5064: 5061: 5060: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4993: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4973: 4971: 4965: 4959: 4956: 4952: 4949: 4948: 4947: 4944: 4943: 4941: 4935: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4913: 4911: 4907: 4904: 4902: 4899: 4898: 4896: 4895: 4893: 4889: 4881: 4878: 4877: 4876:Sierra Leone 4875: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4863: 4862: 4860: 4856: 4853: 4852: 4850: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4837: 4835: 4834: 4832: 4830: 4826: 4823: 4819:Afro-American 4815: 4805: 4802: 4801: 4799: 4795: 4787: 4784: 4783: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4767: 4764: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4751: 4750: 4747: 4741: 4738: 4737: 4736: 4733: 4732: 4730: 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4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4297: 4295: 4289: 4281: 4278: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4270:Somali Bantus 4268: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4248: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4231: 4228: 4226: 4223: 4219: 4216: 4214: 4211: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4183: 4182: 4178: 4177:Black Indians 4175: 4173: 4170: 4168: 4165: 4163: 4160: 4158: 4155: 4153: 4150: 4148: 4147:Affrilachians 4145: 4144: 4143: 4140: 4139: 4137: 4133: 4130: 4129: 4128: 4125: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4111: 4108: 4106: 4105:New Brunswick 4103: 4101: 4098: 4096: 4093: 4091: 4088: 4087: 4086: 4083: 4082: 4080: 4074: 4066: 4063: 4062: 4061: 4058: 4056: 4053: 4049: 4048:Miskito Sambu 4046: 4045: 4044: 4041: 4039: 4036: 4034: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4024: 4021: 4017: 4014: 4013: 4012: 4009: 4008: 4006: 4000: 3994: 3991: 3987: 3984: 3982: 3981:Dougla people 3979: 3978: 3977: 3974: 3970: 3967: 3966: 3965: 3962: 3960: 3957: 3955: 3952: 3950: 3947: 3943: 3940: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3930: 3929: 3928: 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Park 743: 734: 730: 726: 724: 720: 717: 713: 709: 705: 701: 697: 692: 688: 686: 681: 679: 674: 671: 666: 664: 660: 656: 651: 649: 645: 641: 637: 633: 628: 626: 621: 615: 606: 605: 600: 598: 594: 590: 586: 582: 578: 568: 565: 560: 558: 554: 550: 545: 543: 539: 535: 531: 527: 521: 518: 513: 509: 505: 501: 498:In 2012, the 496: 492: 489: 480: 471: 469: 465: 460: 458: 454: 449: 445: 443: 438: 428: 426: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 397: 393: 389: 378: 376: 372: 367: 365: 354: 351: 346: 344: 334: 332: 321: 317: 313: 311: 307: 303: 298: 296: 292: 277: 274: 269: 267: 263: 259: 255: 250: 248: 244: 240: 236: 232: 227: 225: 221: 216: 214: 210: 206: 201: 199: 188: 186: 182: 178: 174: 170: 165: 163: 152: 150: 146: 142: 138: 134: 130: 126: 122: 118: 113: 109: 105: 100: 96: 94: 90: 86: 80: 78: 74: 70: 66: 61: 59: 55: 51: 47: 43: 39: 35: 31: 23: 19: 4804:Saint Helena 4740:in Karnataka 4657:Saudi Arabia 4624: 4225:Brass Ankles 3866:Cape Verdean 3708:. 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Retrieved 2005: 1995:16 September 1993:. Retrieved 1977: 1967:16 September 1965:. Retrieved 1949: 1937:. Retrieved 1933: 1911: 1889: 1879: 1870: 1860: 1849: 1840: 1831: 1800: 1788: 1769: 1757: 1747:16 September 1745:. Retrieved 1729: 1719:16 September 1717:. Retrieved 1711: 1701: 1690:the original 1661:16 September 1659:. Retrieved 1647: 1635:. Retrieved 1631: 1622: 1610:. Retrieved 1601: 1591:16 September 1589:. Retrieved 1560:16 September 1558:. Retrieved 1542: 1532:16 September 1530:. Retrieved 1525:Israel HaYom 1523: 1511: 1501:16 September 1499:. Retrieved 1483: 1452: 1443: 1431:. Retrieved 1427: 1418: 1393: 1389: 1376: 1364:. Retrieved 1359: 1336: 1326:16 September 1324:. Retrieved 1310: 1300:16 September 1298:. Retrieved 1284: 1272:. Retrieved 1267: 1230:. Retrieved 1225: 1216: 1204:. Retrieved 1200: 1191: 1179:. Retrieved 1175: 1166: 1154:. Retrieved 1150: 1140: 1131: 1118: 1092:. Retrieved 1088: 1078: 1066:. Retrieved 1060: 1050: 1038: 1028: 1019: 1009:16 September 1007:. 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African immigration to Israel

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