Afro–Latin Americans

1817:, although most of them may not recognize it because the loss of culture in these places. Based on oral local history in San Jeronimo of Alta Vera Paz, it is told that a ship carrying enslaved people from Africa broke on the shores of Guatemala prior to the European invasion. The ship had broken on the shores and the enslaved people became free people with the enslavers dead. The oral history continues to claim that the name Alta Verapaz – the land of " High True Peace" was given to that territory by the Spaniards after conquering the people of African and Mayan descent through religion – the cross – and not the sword as in other parts of Guatemala. The reason is Africans and Mayans had joined forces and defeated the Spanish Sword. Africans and Mayans have also intermarried tracing back generations prior to the Garifuna along the Coast. Many more Africans joined VeraPaz once the Spaniards conquered the area through religion, bringing about large sugar cane plantations that required more laborers, and unfortunately enslaved peoples. 984:

the black population declined due to systematic efforts to reduce the black population in Argentina in order to mirror the racially homogeneous countries of Europe. However, the pilot census conducted in two neighborhoods of Argentina in 2006 on knowledge of ancestors from Sub-saharan Africa verified that 5% of the population knew of Black African ancestry, and another 20% thought that it was possible but were not sure. Given that European immigration accounted for more than half the growth of the Argentine population in 1960, some researchers argue that, rather than decrease, what occurred was a process of overlaying, creating the "invisibility" of the population of Afro-Argentines and their cultural roots.

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visibly "appear" to be of some other ethnicity. It should also be noted that Puerto Rico underwent a "whitening" process while under U.S. rule. The census-takers at the turn of the 20th Century recorded a huge disparity in the number of "black" and "white" Puerto Ricans (both, erroneous skin classifications) between the 1910 and 1920 censuses. The term "black" suddenly began to disappear from one census to another (within 10 years' time), possibly due to redefinition. It also appears that the "black" element within the culture was simply disappearing possibly due to the popular idea that in the U.S. one could only advance economically and socially if one were to pass for "white".

1460: 2578:. African ancestry, and Puerto Ricans of notable African descent are found throughout the island, although they might not regularly associate themselves with an American concept of blackness. Due to the DNA evidence that is being presented by UPR at Mayaguez, many African bloodlines have also been recorded in the central mountains of the island, though not written in the Spanish history books of the time. Consequently, Taino bloodlines have begun appearing in the coastal towns. All of this suggests that escaped enslaved Africans ran off to the mountains to escape the slaveowners, while some Tainos remained close to their main staple food, fish. 4438: 3578: 1274:, from the Revista de Pediatría de Chile determined an ancestry of 67.9% European, and 32.1% Native American. In 1994, a biological study determined that the Chilean composition was 64% European and 35% Amerindian. The recent study in the Candela Project establishes that the genetic composition of Chile is 52% of European origin, with 44% of the genome coming from Native Americans (Amerindians), and 4% coming from Africa, making Chile a primarily mestizo country with traces of African descent present in half of the population. Another genetic study conducted by the 1944: 1840: 137: 1076: 1238: 728: 174: 445: 301: 9657: 355: 265: 373: 337: 211: 427: 319: 100: 391: 247: 283: 3517: 2660: 155: 119: 903: 2438:, which is a French-based creole, is the local language widely spoken among the natives of the island and even the immigrants who have been living on the island for a couple of years. However, French, the official language, is still the most common language used and heard on the island. Used during more intimate/friendly conversations, Martinican people switch to French, which is their first and native language, when in public. 81: 409: 2363:, which is a French-based creole, is the local language widely spoken among the natives of the island and even the immigrants who have been living on the island for a couple of years. French, the official language, is still the most common language used and heard on the island. Used during more intimate/friendly conversations, Guadeloupean people switch to French, which is their first and native language, when in public. 193: 1546: 999: 229: 63: 9667: 895: 1088: 1590:, IVIC) in which the population was compared to the historical patterns of the colonial castes. According to the last population census in Venezuela conducted by the National Institute Estadististica (INE), 2.8% of the country's population identifies as afrodescendientes of the national total, which is 181 157 result in the number of Venezuelans with African racial characteristics. However, most 1501: 1821:

plantations and haciendas located on Guatemala's Pacific and Caribbean coasts. Slavery didn't last too long during those times and all slaves and servants brought were later freed. They spread to different locations, primarily Guatemala's north, south and east. It is said that these freed slaves later mixed with Europeans, Native Indigenous, and Creoles (Criollos) of non-African descent.

2460:, which is a French-based creole, is the local language widely spoken among the natives of the islands and even the immigrants who have been living on the island for a couple of years. Dominican and Saint Lucian people switch to English which is their official language to conduct business and education or speak in their native language French Creole, when in public. 2776:

themselves Afro-Latino. According to another Pew Research Center survey, "Afro-Latino: A deeply rooted identity among U.S. Hispanics" show some more statistics on how Afro-Latinos identify. As of October 2014, 39% of U.S. Afro-Latinos identify as white, 24% of them identify as just Hispanic, 18% as Black, 9% as mixed, and 4% as American Indian. Among the

1905:. From there they made their way along the Caribbean coast of Belize, mainland Honduras and Nicaragua. Large Garifuna settlements in Honduras today include Trujillo, La Ceiba, and Triunfo de la Cruz. Even though they only came to Honduras in 1797, the Garifuna are one of the seven officially recognized indigenous groups in Honduras. 1929:

dislocation from Africa means they have no great pre-Columbian civilization in the Americas to call upon as symbols of a glorious past. Thus Latin American states often end up with a primarily "Indo-Hispanic" mestizaje where the Indian is privileged as the roots of the nation and blackness is either minimized or completely erased."

964:. According to May 2022 Pew Research survey, Afro-Latinos in the United States were about 3 times more likely than other Latino adults to report being unfairly stopped by police, about half of the Afro-Latinos interviewed were told to go back to their country, and a third of them were called offensive names. 1486:. Afro-Peruvian music was actually well known in Peru since the 1600s but oppressed by the Peruvian elite, as was Andean religion and language. Afro-Peruvian culture has not only thrived but influenced all aspects of Peruvian culture despite lacking any acknowledgment from mainstream media or history. 2521:

Misinformation of ethnic populations within Puerto Rico also existed under Spanish rule, when the Native American (Taino) populations were recorded as being "extinct". Biological science has now rewritten their history books. These tribes were not voluntary travelers, but have since blended into the

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Some Afrocentric commentators and race/ethnicity scholars have been harshly critical of Dominicans of mixed racial background for their reluctance to self-identify as "Black". However, this reluctance is shared by many people of multiracial background, who find inappropriate to identify with only one

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Approximately 4.4 million Afro-Colombians actively recognize their own black ancestry as a result of inter-racial relations with white and indigenous Colombians. They have been historically absent from high level government positions. Many of their long-established settlements around the Pacific

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by which a person of African ancestry could be considered legally white so long as they could prove that at least one person per generation in the last four generations had also been legally white descent. Therefore, people of African ancestry with known European lineage were classified as "whites",

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Heinz, Tanja; Álvarez-Iglesias, Vanesa; Pardo-Seco, Jacobo; Taboada-Echalar, Patricia; Gómez-Carballa, Alberto; Torres-Balanza, Antonio; Rocabado, Omar; Carracedo, Ángel; Vullo, Carlos; Salas, Antonio (September 2013). "Ancestry analysis reveals a predominant Native American component with moderate

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According to the recent sources, 11% of the Dominican population is black, 16% is white and 73% is mixed from white European and black African and Native American ancestry. Other sources give similar figures, but also without naming a specific study. Other estimates puts the Dominican population at

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in several American countries shows a similar genetic composition for Chile, with a European contribution of 51.6%, an Amerindian contribution of 42.1%, and an African contribution of 6.3%. In 2015 another study established genetic composition in 57% European, 38% Native American, and 2.5% African.

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Brazil experienced a long internal struggle over abolition of slavery and was the last Latin American country to do so. In 1850 it finally banned the importation of new slaves from overseas, after two decades since the first official attempts to outlaw the human traffic (in spite of illegal parties

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to work in the mines. Slaves were brought as early as the 16th century in Bolivia to work in mines. In Potosí during the 17th century 30,000 Africans were brought to work in the mines from which the total population of Potosí which numbered around 200,000. Slaves were more expensive in Bolivia then

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Pena, Sérgio D. J.; Di Pietro, Giuliano; Fuchshuber-Moraes, Mateus; Genro, Julia Pasqualini; Hutz, Mara H.; Kehdy, Fernanda de Souza Gomes; Kohlrausch, Fabiana; Magno, Luiz Alexandre Viana; Montenegro, Raquel Carvalho; Moraes, Manoel Odorico; Moraes, Maria Elisabete Amaral de; Moraes, Milene Raiol

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These critics maintain that a majority of Puerto Ricans are ethnically mixed, but do not feel the need to identify as such. They argue, furthermore, that Puerto Ricans tend to assume that they are of African, Native American, and European ancestry and only identify themselves as "mixed" if parents

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Jounen Kwéyòl (Creole Day) is celebrated in the Caribbean islands of Dominica and Saint Lucia, on the last Friday of October and the last Sunday of October to celebrate the mixed culture of the Islands mainly highlighting their French background along with their French/African dialect known on the

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Haiti is an Afro-Latin nation with strong African contributions to the culture as well as its language, music and religion with a fusion of French and Taino, with a sizable degree of Spaniard; all relate and are not limited to its food, art, music, folk religion and other customs. Arab customs are

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According to the Argentina national census of the year 2010, the total Argentine population is 40,117,096, from which 149,493 are of African ancestry. Traditionally it has been argued that the black population in Argentina declined since the early 19th century to insignificance. Many believe that

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survey of Latino adults shows that one-quarter of all U.S. Latinos self-identify as Afro-Latino, Afro-Caribbean or of African descent with roots in Latin America. This is the first time a nationally representative survey in the U.S. has asked the Latino population directly whether they considered

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Many Afro-Latino immigrants have arrived, in waves, over decades, to the United States, especially from the Caribbean, Cuba, Haiti, Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico. In the state of California, the dominant population consisted of people of color, but as the years progressed the percentage has

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Only 0.13% of the population identifies as black in El Salvador. Approximately 10,000 African slaves were brought to El Salvador. The African population, creating Afro-Mestizos in the certain areas where the Africans were brought. El Salvador has no English Antillean (West Indian), Garifuna, and

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Over the course of the slave trade, approximately 95,000 slaves were brought into Peru, with the last group arriving in 1850. Today, Afro-Peruvians reside mainly on the central and south coasts. Afro-Peruvians can also be found in significant numbers on the northern coast. Recently, it has been

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Many persons of African descent in Puerto Rico are found along coastal areas, especially in the northeast of the island, areas traditionally associated with sugar cane plantations. These Afro-Puerto Ricans make up a significant percentage of the population especially in the cities and towns of

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In the late 18th century, Montevideo became a major arrival port for slaves, most brought from Portuguese colonies of Africa and bound for the Spanish colonies of the New World, the mines of Peru and Bolivia, and the fields of Uruguay. In the 19th century, when Uruguay joined other colonies in

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As of 2015, Mexico and Chile are the only two Latin American countries yet to formally recognize their Afro–Latin American population in their constitutions. This is in contrast to countries like Brazil and Colombia that lay out the constitutional rights of their African-descendant population.

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Many of the slaves brought from Africa during colonial times came to Guatemala to work on cotton, sugar cane, tobacco, and coffee plantations. Most were brought as slaves and also servants by European conquistadors. The main reason for slavery in Guatemala was because of the large sugar-cane

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All these circumstances led to a denial by many Hondurans of their Black African heritage which reflects in the census even to this day. "Blacks were more problematic as national symbols because at the time they were neither seen to represent modernity nor autochthony, and their history of

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Black people in Panama are the descendants of West African slaves as well as black people from Caribbean islands who arrived in the early 1900s for the construction of the Panama Canal. The Afro Colonials are the group of Hispanics, while the Antillanos are those of West Indian descent.

1805:, located on the Caribbean coast. Because of unemployment and lack of opportunities, many Garifuna from Guatemala have left the country and moved to Belize and the United States. Also many people of African descent are located in different regions of the country, but most notable are in 1518:

showed the genetic composition of Uruguay as primarily European, with Native American ancestry ranging from one to 20 percent and sub-Saharan African "from seven to 15 percent (depending on region)". Enslaved Africans and their descendants figured prominently in the founding of Uruguay.

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The national folk instrument, the marimba, has its origins in Africa and was brought to Guatemala and the rest of Central America by African slaves during colonial times. The melodies played on it show Native American, West African and European influences in both form and style.

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Afro-Colombians make up 9.34% of the population, almost 4.7 million people, according to a projection of the National Administration Department of Statistics (DANE). most of whom are concentrated on the northwest Caribbean coast and the Pacific coast in such departments as

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Black Paraguayans are descended from enslaved West Africans brought to Paraguay beginning in the 16th century. They became a significant presence in the country, and made up 11% of the population in 1785. Most Afro-Paraguayans established communities in towns such as

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Marcheco-Teruel, B; Parra, EJ; Fuentes-Smith, E; Salas, A; Buttenschøn, HN; Demontis, D; Torres-Español, M; Marín-Padrón, LC; Gómez-Cabezas, EJ; Alvarez-Iglesias, V; Mosquera-Miguel, A; Martínez-Fuentes, A; Carracedo, A; Børglum, AD; Mors, O (24 July 2014).

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Homburger, Julian R.; Moreno-Estrada, Andrés; Gignoux, Christopher R.; Nelson, Dominic; Sanchez, Elena; Ortiz-Tello, Patricia; Pons-Estel, Bernardo A.; Acevedo-Vasquez, Eduardo; Miranda, Pedro; Langefeld, Carl D.; Gravel, Simon (4 December 2015).

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Venezuela is a very racially mixed nation, which makes it difficult to individually identify and/or distinguish their ethno-racial background with precision. Research in 2001 on genetic diversity by the Venezuelan Institute of Scientific Research

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The population of Martinique, an overseas region of France, is 390,371 (1 January 2012 est.); 80% of the population has African and African-white-Indian mixture which emphasizes its diversity. Their West African ancestors were imported from the

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The population of Guadeloupe, an overseas region of France, is 405,739 (1 January 2013 est.); 80% of the population has African and African-white-Indian mixture which emphasizes its diversity. Their West African ancestors were imported from the

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Indians, forming a group referred to as the Zambo Miskito. Some Miskito consider themselves to be purely indigenous, denying this Black African heritage. They do not, however, identify as such but rather as mestizo. The Black Creoles of the

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Ruiz-Linares, Andrés; Adhikari, Kaustubh; Acuña-Alonzo, Victor; Quinto-Sanchez, Mirsha; Jaramillo, Claudia; Arias, William; Fuentes, Macarena; Pizarro, María; Everardo, Paola; Avila, Francisco de; Gómez-Valdés, Jorge (25 September 2014).

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The French were the first Europeans to settle on the islands. England and France fought 14 times for control of Saint Lucia and Dominica also went back and forth between France and Britain, and the rule of the islands changed frequently.

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Black Venezuelans are mostly descendants of enslaved Africans brought to Venezuela from the 17th to the 19th century to work the coffee and cocoa crops. Most Black Venezuelans live in the North-central region, in the coastal towns

2687:, an Afro-Mexican, issued an official decree abolishing slavery and emancipating all slaves in 1821, during his short term as president. He also attempted to change the Official Census by aiming to get rid of the "race" category. 2261:

Dominican culture is a mixture of Taino Amerindian, Spanish European, and West African origins. While Taino influences are present in many Dominican traditions, the European and West African influences are the most noticeable.

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The vast majority of contemporary Afro-Mexicans inhabit the south central & southern region of Mexico; those who migrated north in the colonial period assimilated into the general population. Some Afro-Mexican facts:

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refers to the intermixing or fusing of ethnicities, whether by mere custom or deliberate policy. In Latin America this happened extensively between all ethnic groups and cultures, but usually involved European men and

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de; Ojopi, Élida B.; Perini, Jamila A.; Racciopi, Clarice; Ribeiro-dos-Santos, Ândrea Kely Campos; Rios-Santos, Fabrício; Romano-Silva, Marco A.; Sortica, Vinicius A.; Suarez-Kurtz, Guilherme (16 February 2011).

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islands as Kwéyòl. Both islands host cultural events and festivals which showcase different elements of their heritage and culture and they spend time reflecting on the importance of protecting their heritage.

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representing more than 390,000 people spread nowadays all over the country, English-speaking descendants of 19th century Afro-Jamaican immigrant workers. The indigenous population numbers around 2.5%. In the

1609:. However, most of them do not describe themselves as Afro-Venezuelan, but as Latinos or Hispanics or simply Venezuelans. Afro-Venezuelans have also stood out in the arts, especially in music; for example: 948:

Afro–Latin Americans have limited media appearance; critics have accused the Latin American media of overlooking the African, indigenous and multiracial populations in favor of over-representation of often

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verified that the community with the greatest concentration of Afro-Peruvians is Yapatera in Morropón (Piura), made up of around 7,000 farmers who are largely descended from African slaves of "Malagasy" (

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are of West African and Caribbean origin, respectively; they are danced to during parties and West African-derived festivals. Most Puerto Ricans who have African ancestry are descendants of enslaved

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In 2006, Ecuador had a population of 13,547,510. According to the latest data from CIA World Factbook, the ethnic groups represented in Ecuador include mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white; 71.9%),

2117:, while 5.8 million considered themselves to be "mulatto" or "mestizo" or "javao" or "moro". Many Cubans still locate their origins in specific African ethnic groups or regions, particularly 620:) and are seen as part of the general Latin demographic, especially in countries where they have a considerable presence. Latin Americans of African ancestry may also be denoted by the prefix 7789:"Informe Alternativo – En relacion a la convencion internacional sobre la eliminacion de todas las formas de discriminacion racial – Afro Alianza Dominicana – "Desarrollo desde la Identidad"" 6997: 2690:

Race was considered for the first time by the Encuesto Intercensal in 2015, which revealed that 1.2% of Mexicans identify as Afro-Mexican. Over half of these individuals also identified as

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in 1547 to bring 300 slaves into Honduras. Honduras has the highest African ancestry in Central America from the Garifuna, Miskitos, Mulattoes, and Africans which make 30% of the country.

7791:[Alternative Report – In relation to the International Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discrimination – Afro Dominican Alliance – "Development of Identity"] 7550: 9377: 6950: 4617:

Mooney, Jazlyn A.; Huber, Christian D.; Service, Susan; Hoon Sul, Jae; Marsden, Clare D.; Zhang, Zhongyang; Sabatti, Chiara; Ruiz-Linares, Andrés; Bedoya, Gabriel (25 October 2018).

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The population of Saint Lucia is 179,651 (2021) and Dominica is 72,412 (2021); 75-85% of the population in both islands has African and African-white-Indian and Kaliango mixture.

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coast have remained underdeveloped. In Colombia's ongoing internal conflict, Afro-Colombians are both victims of violence or displacement and members of armed factions, such as the

6442: 5659: 1032:. They began to enslave the natives as workers in the mines. However, the health of the natives working in the mines became very poor, so the Spanish began to bring in enslaved 1955:

About 9% of Nicaragua's population is African and mainly reside on the country's sparsely populated Caribbean coast. Afro-Nicaraguans are found on the autonomous regions of

6220: 1326:. Afro-Colombians have played a role in contributing to the development of certain aspects of Colombian culture. For example, several of Colombia's musical genres, such as 1351: 4825: 2129:, but also Arará, Carabalí, Mandingo, Fula and others, as well as a small minority of people who migrated in from surrounding Caribbean countries like Haiti and Jamaica. 5861: 1165:. Brazilians have a complex classification system based on the prominence of skin and hair pigmentation, as well as other features associated with the concept of race ( 1122:

officers refused to order their troops to hunt runaway slaves, and in 1888 the Senate passed a law establishing immediate, unqualified emancipation. This law, known as

2478:, 17.1% of Puerto Ricans identified as being white, 7% of the population as being black or African American and 75.3% as mixed or of another ethnicity. An island-wide 2258:

side of their ancestry. Those people refuse to express a preference for any of the races that make up their background, and resent being ascribed to any single race.

4853: 1376:(7.4%), Amerindian (7%), white (6.1%), Afroecuadorian (4.3%), mulato (1.9%), and black (1%). The Afro-Ecuadorian culture is found in the northwest coastal region of 1855:: "Estimates of people of African descent in Honduras vary widely, from 100,000 to 320,000 (1.8 to 5.8 percent of the country's 5.8 million people in 1994)." 1531:, known as Ansina, a freed slave who composed musical odes about his commander's exploits and is regarded by Afro-Uruguayans as an unheralded father of the nation. 1037:

other parts of the Spanish colonies costing upwards to 800 pesos. This was due to the fact that they had to be bought from slave ports in the coastal region of the

9949: 5957: 6015: 5986: 5616:"Mexico Officially Recognizes 1.38 Million Afro-Mexicans in the National Census, as Black People Fight Against Racism and Invisibility Throughout Latin America" 9797: 6362:"Consideraciones acerca del uso de la variable etnia/Raza en investigación epidemiológica para la Salud Pública: A propósito de investigaciones en inequidades" 1482:. Since 2006, his birthday, 4 June, has been celebrated in Peru as a Day of Afro-Peruvian Culture. Another key figure in the revival of Afro-Peruvian music is 7818: 7130: 6548: 1114:

of Black African slaves that kept arriving until 1855). In 1864 Brazil emancipated the slaves, and on 28 September 1871, the Brazilian Congress approved the

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Afro-Dominicans can be found all over the island, but they makeup the vast majorities in the southwest, south, east, and the north parts of the country. In

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African descendants in Bolivia account for about 1% of the population. They were brought in during the Spanish colonial times and the majority live in the

5286: 7477:"The Use of Mitochondrial DNA to Discover Pre-Columbian Migrations to the Caribbean: Results for Puerto Rico and Expectations for the Dominican Republic" 5457: 1785:

According to the 2018 census, 0.3% of the Guatemalan population identifies as having African ancestry. The main community of African heritage is the

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The mix of these African cultures with the Spanish, Portuguese, French, and indigenous cultures of Latin America has produced many unique forms of

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gold deposits in western Honduras as early as 1534. The earliest black slaves consigned to Honduras were part of a license granted to the Bishop

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Miskito population, largely due to laws banning the immigration of Africans into the country in the 1930s; these laws were revoked in the 1980s.

1725:, on the Caribbean coast, is the center of West African culture in Belize, with its population being of mixed Black African, Maya, and European. 10184: 9703: 5596:

Roark, James L. The American Promise, Volume I: To 1877: A History of the United States. Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martins, 2012. Print. page 136

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Afro-Venezuelans have stood out as sportsmen. Many Afro-Venezuelans are in the Major League Baseball and other sports - for example, former

10012: 9997: 9954: 9929: 5194: 8196: 5562: 10189: 6706:"Substantial native American female contribution to the population of Tacuarembó, Uruguay, reveals past episodes of sex-biased gene flow" 6446: 1956: 931:, which refers to an indigenous – European mixture in all cases except for in Venezuela, where it is used in place of "pardo". The term 10260: 9873: 8348: 7788: 5649: 5243: 5211: 5088: 4889: 7276: 6705: 5737: 1917:

are today distinguished as an ethnic group for their racial difference from the mestizos and blacks, and their cultural difference as

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Johnson, Gaye T. M. (2002). "A Sifting of Centuries: Afro-Chicano Interaction and Popular Musical Culture in California, 1960–2000".

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declined severely (or at least the way Californian residents claim to identify themselves has shifted towards a White population). A

6044: 5069: 1960: 9489: 8853: 8286: 7744: 4677:"Admixture in Latin America: Geographic Structure, Phenotypic Diversity and Self-Perception of Ancestry Based on 7,342 Individuals" 4418: 2784:

survey stated that 12% of adult Latinos identified themselves as Afro-Latino, comprising an estimated total of six million people.

2323:, among others. However, there is no reliable procedure to ascertain the degree, if any, to which their ancestry is Black African. 7332: 2483: 10285: 10280: 10275: 10270: 10002: 9868: 9863: 9741: 9616: 9574: 6216: 3793: 3967: 2132:

An autosomal study from 2014 has found out the genetic ancestry in Cuba to be 72% European, 20% African and 8% Native American.

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in 1536 was a black slave working as a mercenary to earn his freedom. Alvarado sent his own slaves from Guatemala to work the

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According to a 2001 national census which surveyed 11.2 million Cubans, 1.1 million Cubans described themselves as

720:.) The Caribbean and South America received 95 percent of the Africans arriving in the Americas with only 5 percent going to 7261: 9807: 9736: 8320: 8248: 4839: 17: 8828: 8089:[In Uruguay, the majority of the 140,000 poor of African descent are children and youth] (in Spanish). Lr21.com.uy 6016:"Cuadro P42. Total del país. Población afrodescendiente en viviendas particulares por sexo, según grupo de edad. Año 2010" 5987:"Cuadro P42. Total del país. Población afrodescendiente en viviendas particulares por sexo, según grupo de edad. Año 2010" 5958:"Cuadro P42. Total del país. Población afrodescendiente en viviendas particulares por sexo, según grupo de edad. Año 2010" 5257:

Johnson, Ollie A. III (2012). "Race, Politics, and Afro-Latin Americans". In Kingstone, Peter; Yashar, Deborah J. (eds.).

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mainstream Puerto Rican population (as all the others have been) with Taino ancestry being the common thread that binds.

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Preto and pardo are among five ethnic categories used by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, along with

1129: 530: 469: 31: 8086: 7080:"Cuba: Exploring the History of Admixture and the Genetic Basis of Pigmentation Using Autosomal and Uniparental Markers" 6658:"Composición Étnica de las Tres Áreas culturales del Continente Americano al Comienzo del Siglo XXI. page. 228 (45 pdf)" 2498:

evidence showed Puerto Ricans' patrilineage to be approximately 75% European, 20% African, and less than 5% indigenous.

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definition of blackness, then blacks came to Honduras early in the colonial period. One of the mercenaries who aided

1697:

but only 21% of the population is considered to be of African descent. The main community of African descent are the

1514: 4027: 3937: 3546: 1267:. Today there are very few Afro-Chileans, at the most, fewer than 0.001% can be estimated from the 2006 population. 10201: 9939: 9902: 9787: 9494: 8678: 8399: 8372: 7830: 7134: 5262: 4203: 3678: 2285: 2051: 1211: 526: 465: 7681: 6174: 5909: 6245:"The Genomic Ancestry of Individuals from Different Geographical Regions of Brazil Is More Uniform Than Expected" 4156: 4033: 4003: 3955: 3799: 3763: 1323: 701: 700:, traditionally considered the first of many New World explorers of African descent, was a navigator in the 1492 674: 522: 6771: 6473: 2212: 10196: 9751: 8341: 5290: 4120: 3817: 3720: 3684: 3542: 7425: 6217:"Censo 2022: Pela 1ª vez, Brasil se declara mais pardo que branco; populações preta e indígena também crescem" 10172: 9689: 9235: 9198: 9098: 9029: 9015: 8759: 8693: 2160: 6925: 5817: 1810: 10162: 10108: 9990: 9985: 9128: 5488: 3907: 3805: 1153: 7182:

Torres-Saillant, Silvio (May 1998). "The Tribulations of Blackness: Stages in Dominican Racial Identity".

5693: 4499:"Tabela 1.3.1 – População residente, por cor ou raça, segundo o sexo e os grupos de idade – Brasil – 2010" 4141:– leading revolutionary general of the Mexican War of Independence who later served as President of Mexico 10145: 9817: 9519: 9474: 9402: 9049: 8663: 8134: 7703: 7307: 7158: 1739:

About 8% of the population is of African descent or Mulatto (mix of European and African) who are called

1677:

are mostly of Afro-Caribbean heritage. Many Afro-Caribbean islanders arrived in Panama to help build the

1582:

in the Andes, among others. They have kept their traditions and culture alive, especially through music.

1459: 7229: 657:

reports in which the subjects choose their own designation, because in various countries the concept of

10065: 10053: 9944: 9771: 9756: 9549: 9453: 9413: 9088: 8688: 8673: 8456: 7148: 5764: 5605:

Klein, Herbert S. African Slavery in Latin America and the Caribbean. New York: Oxford UP, 1986. Print.

4774: 4368: 4263: 2414: 2339: 1332:, have African origins or influences. Some Afro-Colombians have also been successful in sports such as 1311: 1157:(Native American). In 2022, 10.2% of the Brazilian population, some 20.7 million people, identified as 30:

For African-descended people of Hispanic/Latino heritage living in or native to the United States, see

8156: 2551: 2303:

Notable Dominicans whose physical features suggest full or predominant Black African ancestry include

1188:

to refer to Yoruba-speaking people. The Dahomey enslaved and sold large numbers of Yoruba, largely of

10140: 10125: 10075: 10070: 9660: 9300: 9153: 9148: 8334: 7747:[Ethnic Composition of Three Cultural Areas of the Americas at Beginning of the XXI Century] 7584:"México's Nobodies: The Cultural Legacy of the Soldadera and Afro-Mexican Women by Christine B. Arce" 6346:

Valenzuela C. (1984). Marco de Referencia Sociogenético para los Estudios de Salud Pública en Chile.

2752:(wolf). Today jarocho refers to all inhabitants of the state of Veracruz, without regard to ancestry. 2610: 2501:

An interesting anecdote to consider was that during this whole period, Puerto Rico had laws like the

1578:; but also in several towns and villages in areas in South Lake Maracaibo (Zulia State) and Northern 7745:"Composición Étnica de las Tres Áreas Culturales del Continente Americano al Comienzo del Siglo XXI" 5152: 2543: 1504:

Afro-Uruguayans are a frequent subject of Uruguayan street art, such as this mural near the Port of

1275: 10090: 10007: 9822: 9721: 9203: 8927: 8638: 5314:"The "Other" Latinx: The (Non)existent Representation of Afro-Latinx in Spanish Language Textbooks" 5001: 3649: 3527: 1914: 7518:

Not of Pure Blood: The Free People of Color and Racial Prejudice in Nineteenth-century Puerto Rico

5395: 5153:"Resultados principales del Censo de Población y Vivienda de 2012-Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia" 4760: 4129:– Peruvian singer-songwriter, teacher, folklorist, ethnomusicologist and Latin Grammy Award winner 1897:(or Black Caribs) origin, a people of Black African ancestry who were expelled from the island of 1350:

is a village in Colombia that is noted for maintaining many African traditions. It was declared a

689:, while some arrived as part of exploratory groups. A notable example of the latter was the black 10211: 9636: 9428: 9083: 8754: 6741: 6577: 6330: 5027: 4063:– Puerto Rican attorney, politician, and leading figure in the Puerto Rican independence movement 3898:– Mexican Roman Catholic priest and revolutionary rebel leader in the Mexican War of Independence 3895: 3531: 2780:/a population, people who are both Black and Chicano/a may identify as AfroChicano/a. A May 2022 2637: 2377:

The population of Haiti is 9.9 million, of which 80% are of African descent while 15-20% is

2224: 2176: 1347: 708:, as agricultural, domestic, and menial laborers and as mineworkers. They were also employed in 509: 477: 8249:"Supplementary Tables on Race and Hispanic Origin: 2020 Census Redistricting Data (P.L. 94-171)" 8020: 5191: 4840:"Supplementary Tables on Race and Hispanic Origin: 2020 Census Redistricting Data (P.L. 94-171)" 3901: 3577: 1875: 1445:, there is a community of 300 Afro-Paraguayan families in the Fernando de la Mora municipality. 1341: 10234: 10135: 10130: 10115: 10058: 9973: 9554: 9349: 9108: 8584: 8532: 8522: 8510: 8200: 7998: 7522: 7052:"Tabla II.3 Población por color de la piel y grupos de edades, según zona de residencia y sexo" 5566: 5106: 4363: 4313: 3738: 3629: 2486:

revealed that 61% of Puerto Ricans have maternal Native American ancestry, 26.4% have maternal

2011: 1992: 1898: 1698: 1118:

of Free Birth, which conditionally freed the children of slaves born from that day on. In 1887

1006: 809: 481: 7551:"How Puerto Rico Became White: An Analysis of Racial Statistics in the 1910 and 1920 Censuses" 7051: 7011: 5135: 4984: 2559: 2003:

descent. The Garífuna live along in Orinoco, La Fe and Marshall Point, communities settled at

1295: 653:

reporting on Afro–Latin Americans has been questioned, especially where they are derived from

10103: 9606: 9531: 9438: 9354: 9339: 9293: 9288: 9163: 8803: 8730: 8725: 8596: 8439: 8386: 8108: 7885: 7526: 5052: 4423: 4338: 4243: 4228: 2555: 2539: 2535: 2527: 2097: 1948: 1790: 1103: 961: 534: 6635: 5218: 5173:"Medición de Pueblos Indígenas y Afrodescendientes en el Censo de Población y Vivienda 2017" 2712: 1641:

The Afro–Latin Americans of Central America come from the Caribbean coast. The countries of

10239: 9564: 9344: 9143: 8893: 8224:"Estimación de personas extranjeras residentes habituales en Chile al 31 de diciembre 2019" 7976: 7682:"Premiere: Choosey And Exile ft. Aloe Blacc Yearn for a California Style Ride On "Low Low"" 6971: 6256: 5741: 5689: 5371:"CRS Report for Congress: Afro-Latinos in Latin America and Considerations for U.S. Policy" 4442: 4383: 4144: 3865: 2613:. After the abolition of slavery in 1873 and the Spanish–American War of 1898, a number of 2575: 2571: 2547: 2136: 2027: 2015: 1980: 1714: 1479: 1070: 888: 825: 705: 8042: 7699: 7399: 4526: 3811: 2730: 1610: 704:. Those who were directly from West Africa mostly arrived in Latin America as part of the 697: 8: 9322: 9313: 9278: 9054: 8683: 8488: 6124: 5654: 5073: 4060: 4043: 3997: 2781: 2772: 2583: 2567: 1976: 1867: 1745: 1527:

led an elite division of black troops against the colonists. One of his top advisors was

1381: 1303: 1042: 786: 597: 8471: 8182: 7768: 6682: 6260: 6098: 4042:– Brazilian politician, Governor of Rio de Janeiro State, Vice-president of Brazil then 3781: 2184: 1263:, about one-third of whom arrived before 1615; most were utilized in agriculture around 10098: 9596: 9479: 9245: 9208: 9168: 9103: 8818: 8255: 7611: 7340: 7281: 7207: 7199: 7106: 7079: 6770:(in Spanish). National Statistics Institute of Venezuela. 9 August 2012. Archived from 6733: 6613: 6525: 6496: 6419: 6394: 6279: 6244: 5480: 5329: 4711: 4676: 4651: 4618: 4594: 4559: 4373: 3847: 3623: 2863: 2563: 2531: 1859: 1814: 1798: 1434: 1133: 1033: 821: 661:

ancestry is viewed with differing attitudes. Afro-Latinos comprise the majority of the

560: 142: 8451: 4253: 1925:. There has been practically no ethnographic research conducted with this population. 1839: 1614: 1528: 1172:

The Africans brought to Brazil belonged to two major groups: the West African and the

9934: 9559: 9499: 9359: 9225: 9093: 8984: 8740: 8715: 7920: 7906: 7760: 7660: 7615: 7603: 7530: 7487: 7211: 7111: 6905: 6898: 6879: 6827: 6820: 6725: 6530: 6443:"Estudio genético en chilenos muestra desconocida herencia africana | El Dínamo" 6424: 6307: 6284: 6080: 5887: 5542: 5517: 5458:"Brazil in black and white? Race categories, the census, and the study of inequality" 5433: 5426: 5333: 5313: 5266: 5237: 5007: 4883: 4798: 4716: 4698: 4656: 4638: 4599: 4581: 4193: 4021: 3593: 2479: 2469: 2293: 2289: 2192: 2055: 1972: 1863: 1852: 1802: 1626: 1389: 1333: 501: 8764: 8295: 8087:"En Uruguay, la mayoría de los 140 mil pobres afrodescendientes son niños y jóvenes" 6737: 6378: 6361: 5484: 3991: 3617: 2621: 2140: 1753: 739:

Traditional terms for Afro–Latin Americans with their own developed culture include

9332: 9001: 8954: 8922: 8848: 8786: 8769: 8735: 8668: 8633: 8628: 8606: 8601: 8537: 8515: 8419: 8394: 8357: 7595: 7191: 7101: 7091: 6717: 6704:

Bonilla, C; Bertoni, B; González, S; Cardoso, H; Brum-Zorrilla, N; Sans, M (2004).

6520: 6510: 6414: 6406: 6373: 6274: 6264: 6072: 5935: 5839: 5472: 5321: 4706: 4688: 4646: 4630: 4589: 4571: 4333: 4318: 4303: 4298: 4293: 4273: 4268: 4198: 4138: 4054: 4009: 3979: 3931: 3775: 3696: 2684: 2633: 2625: 2614: 2457: 2435: 2425: 2360: 2350: 2023: 2004: 1943: 1918: 1740: 1734: 1505: 1400:. The best known cultural influence known outside Ecuador is a distinctive kind of 1147: 1141: 877: 721: 662: 581: 9257: 7945: 7375: 6470:"O impacto das migrações na constituição genética de populações latino-americanas" 5325: 3919: 3889: 2220: 2216: 2204: 2188: 2144: 1618: 1337: 10206: 9283: 9215: 9138: 9020: 8996: 8964: 8959: 8910: 8883: 8873: 8779: 8658: 8478: 8461: 8424: 8414: 8302: 7516: 7131:"La variable étnico racial en los censos de población en la República Dominicana" 7096: 7033: 6515: 6269: 6076: 5476: 5198: 4792: 4788: 4693: 4576: 4378: 4343: 4328: 4258: 4238: 4223: 4208: 4153:– Cuban artist who sought to portray and revive the Afro-Cuban spirit and culture 4048: 3883: 3752: 3605: 2986: 2691: 2664: 2629: 2421: 2346: 2304: 2248: 2168: 2085: 2075: 2063: 2031: 1938: 1894: 1786: 1780: 1765: 1710: 1702: 1602: 1559: 1540: 1423: 1410: 1367: 1066: 978: 891:

estimated that about 130 million people in Latin America are of African descent.

837: 782: 630: 613: 556: 485: 473: 5530: 4039: 3943: 3904:– Afro-Cuban revolutionary leader in the Cuban War of Independence against Spain 2390: 9626: 9611: 9123: 9113: 9071: 9039: 9034: 8974: 8878: 8823: 8813: 8774: 8616: 8611: 8500: 8409: 7512: 7195: 6045:"Blackout: How Argentina 'Eliminated' Africans From Its History And Conscience" 5587:

Gates, Henry Louis. Black in Latin America. New York: New York UP, 2011. Page 2

4634: 4398: 4358: 4323: 4308: 4283: 4218: 4102: 4099:– Brazilian professional footballer who played as a midfielder and as a forward 4015: 3853: 3757: 3748: 3732: 3645: 3599: 3585: 2668: 2491: 2172: 2156: 2022:

descendants of Spanish slaves and indigenous Central Americans who still speak

1909: 1794: 1666: 1622: 1495: 1288: 1227: 1119: 1115: 1080: 1062: 1038: 857: 805: 6657: 6061: 4673: 4132: 3611: 2228: 2208: 2180: 1550: 1478:

Afro-Peruvian music and culture was popularized in the 1950s by the performer

1237: 915:

Terms used within Latin America used in reference to African heritage include

10254: 9712: 9327: 9252: 9188: 9118: 8979: 8969: 8949: 8937: 8905: 8700: 8621: 8554: 8483: 8444: 7764: 7607: 7491: 6501: 6497:"Genomic Insights into the Ancestry and Demographic History of South America" 4702: 4642: 4585: 4560:"Genomic Insights into the Ancestry and Demographic History of South America" 4288: 4278: 4233: 4114: 3841: 3787: 3769: 3714: 3458: 3438: 3390: 3153: 2654: 2598: 2511: 2394: 2372: 2308: 2273: 2118: 2019: 1988: 1922: 1871: 1834: 1706: 1630: 1629:, Miss Venezuela Universe 2006, Jictzad Viña, and Miss Venezuela World 2006, 1454: 1222:

ethnic groups. Bantu people were also taken from coastal regions of Northern

1203: 1177: 1173: 1075: 1021: 993: 717: 642: 571: 505: 179: 7495: 5715: 4826:"El 32,8 % de la población de Panamá se reconoce como afrodescendiente" 4168: 4108: 4078: 4012:– Peruvian lay brother of the Dominican Order, beatified and later canonized 3844:– Costa Rican junior middleweight boxer with several international victories 2755:

According to the 2020 (INEGI census), the countries population is now 2.4-3%

2494:

ancestry, and 12.6% have maternal European ancestry. On the other hand, the

2152: 1438: 1192:

heritage. Slaves descended from the Yoruba are strongly associated with the

727: 9584: 9579: 9418: 9076: 9066: 8798: 8404: 8064: 7657:

Decolonial Voices: Chicana and Chicano Cultural Studies in the 21st Century

7583: 7234: 7153: 7115: 6729: 6534: 6288: 6084: 5795: 4720: 4660: 4619:"Understanding the Hidden Complexity of Latin American Population Isolates" 4603: 4353: 4213: 4090: 3961: 3835: 3823: 3726: 3654: 3641: 2697: 2594: 2495: 2429: 2354: 2330:

was imposed on Santo Domingo by Spain, as elsewhere in the Spanish Empire.

2236: 2232: 2122: 2114: 1996: 1797:. The rest are Afro-Caribbean and mulattoes who live in Puerto Barrios and 1694: 1678: 1606: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1524: 1405: 1385: 1307: 1254: 1231: 1215: 1107: 1050: 1002: 887:

In May 2022, the Project on Ethnicity and Race in Latin America (PERLA) at

845: 732: 693: 690: 658: 576: 551: 497: 7599: 6428: 5370: 4408: 2196: 1806: 1193: 1124: 813: 10120: 9681: 9601: 9443: 9267: 9230: 9220: 9193: 8808: 8720: 8429: 7797:

82nd Session of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination

6822:

Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience

6410: 6149: 5862:"Racial Bias Charged on Spanish-language Tv – tribunedigital-sunsentinel" 4969: 4248: 4188: 4174: 4162: 4150: 4126: 3829: 3744: 3702: 3666: 3128: 2913: 2602: 2487: 2475: 2277: 2126: 2108: 1882: 1844: 1722: 1591: 1483: 873: 833: 789:

is a term of Haitian origin denoting a Haitian of multiracial ethnicity.

709: 636: 625: 450: 306: 3949: 2740:

In the past, offspring of Black African/Amerindian mixtures were called

1984: 1658: 1625:, Pedro Eustache, Frank Quintero, and many others. Miss Venezuela 1998, 1594:

have some Sub-Saharan African heritage, even if they identify as white.

1442: 1096: 817: 801: 741: 10155: 9569: 9240: 9180: 8898: 8505: 8493: 7203: 6721: 4096: 4069:(born 1940) – Brazilian professional footballer who played as a forward 3690: 3635: 3079: 2962: 2937: 2704: 2606: 2320: 2312: 2148: 1749: 1748:, a significant portion of the population descends from a mix of local 1670: 1472: 1355: 1223: 1197: 1189: 1092: 1046: 1029: 958: 797: 713: 650: 360: 7076: 6796: 5536: 4907:"Resultado Básico del XIV Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda 2011" 1553:

was the first afrodescendiente to serve as head of state of Venezuela.

1441:. Many achieved their freedom during the Spanish rule. In the capital 9959: 8838: 3973: 3925: 3859: 3271: 3198: 3104: 3054: 2818: 2620:

Three of the most famous Afro–Latin Americans are Puerto Rican Boxer

2200: 2010:

Five main distinct ethnic groups exist: The Creoles who descend from

1901:

after an uprising against the English and in 1797 and were exiled to

1654: 1646: 1467:

Afro-Peruvians made up 9% of the Peruvian population (2,850 million)

1397: 894: 754: 746: 378: 342: 270: 216: 6360:

Vanegas l, Jairo; Villalón c, Marcelo; Valenzuela y, Carlos (2008).

5349:"Here's How the Merriam-Webster Dictionary is Erasing Black Latinxs" 4556: 4538: 4536: 3516: 2432:

for sugar cane plantation labor during the 17th and 18th centuries.

2357:

for sugar cane plantation labor during the 17th and 18th centuries.

2269:

one can find people of either European, Mixed, and African descent.

1885:(Antillean origin), descendants of indentured laborers brought from 1681:

and to Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica to work in the

1430: 1025: 8989: 8942: 8888: 8705: 8589: 8559: 8542: 8326: 6241: 5769: 4924: 4468:

have also been introduced as gender neutral alternatives. See also

3871: 3760:(born 1967) – American non-profit executive and political candidate 3342: 3223: 3006: 2734: 2726: 2722: 2672: 2659: 2266: 2059: 2039: 1964: 1718: 1650: 1567: 1373: 1272:

Sociogenetic Reference Framework for Public Health Studies in Chile

1264: 954: 902: 865: 793: 750: 686: 678: 574:

outside academic circles. Normally Afro–Latin Americans are called

432: 324: 105: 8434: 8229:(in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas (INE). p. 21 7819:"Población en Cuba por color de la piel – Momentos significativos" 5792:"Forum :: Blonde, Blue-Eyed, Euro-Cute Latinos on Spanish TV" 1752:, Africans and Spaniards. Most Afro-Costa Ricans are found in the 9631: 9621: 8307: 8013: 7821:[Population of Cuba by Skin Color – Significant Moments] 6951:"The Miskito Sambus and the transformation of the Miskito empire" 5541:. New York, N.Y.: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. p. 2665. 4533: 4403: 4393: 4084: 4072: 3913: 3366: 3318: 3294: 2777: 2378: 2047: 2000: 1968: 1886: 1662: 1563: 1545: 1401: 1377: 1219: 1185: 998: 396: 288: 252: 7991: 4504:(in Portuguese). Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística 4066: 3581: 2700:

founded the first free African township in the Americas in 1609.

1110:, and many more Brazilians have some degree of African descent. 8915: 8833: 8791: 8466: 6359: 5681: 5072:. Instituto Nacional de Estadística de Honduras. Archived from 4470: 3481: 3173: 3030: 2398: 2386: 2281: 2043: 1902: 1881:

The self-identifying black population in Honduras is mostly of

1682: 1674: 1642: 1328: 1260: 1207: 1014: 861: 829: 768: 763: 758: 654: 160: 124: 68: 8101: 7468: 7128:

Fuente: Encuesta Latin American Public Opinion Project, LAPOP,

5456:

Loveman, Mara; Muniz, Jeronimo O.; Bailey, Stanley R. (2011).

1523:

fighting for independence from Spain, Uruguayan national hero

1475:) origin. They are referred to as "malgaches" or "mangaches". 1087: 9308: 8932: 8287:"Oro Negro Foundation: Afro descendants organize themselves," 8263:"Infographic: Afrodescendants in Mexico | Wilson Center" 7543: 7359: 7357: 7303: 7133:(in Spanish). Oficina Nacional de Estadística. Archived from 6703: 4428: 3982:– Brazilian novelist, poet, playwright and short story writer 3708: 3414: 2838: 2708: 2589: 2382: 2327: 2297: 2035: 1890: 1500: 1393: 1242: 950: 869: 853: 849: 841: 778: 773: 682: 602: 586: 414: 86: 7969: 7630:"Afro-Latino: A deeply rooted identity among U.S. Hispanics" 7327: 7325: 3877: 1414:

music which is very different from marimba from Esmeraldas.

1352:

Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity

5158:. Instituto Nacional de Estadística de Bolivia. p. 50. 3247: 2888: 1299: 234: 198: 7354: 5864:. Articles.sun-sentinel.com. 6 August 2000. Archived from 5070:"Honduras - XVII Censo de Población y VI de Vivienda 2013" 4616: 1392:. They can be also found in Ecuador's two largest cities, 1102:

Around 10% of Brazil's 203 million people reported to the

7964: 7960: 7322: 6306:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp. 95–96. 6175:"The Real Histories Directory - Slavery in Latin America" 1598: 1354:

by UNESCO in 2005. The residents of Palenque still speak

7484:

Journal of Caribbean Amerindian History and Anthropology

7474: 3850:– Peruvian American Afro-Peruvian rapper & activist. 2066:, and the descendants of those enslaved by the Spanish. 1180:, who became known as the "nagô". The word derives from 7223: 7221: 3630:

Lt. General José Antonio de la Caridad Maceo y Grajales

2737:

were the main ports for the entrance of African slaves.

6675: 6549:"Poblacion negra, Afrocolombiana, raizal y palenquera" 6395:"Genetic epidemiology of single gene defects in Chile" 5950: 5113:. Langley, Virginia: Central Intelligence Agency. 2011 5650:"About 6 million U.S. adults identify as Afro-Latino" 4767: 4006:– Afro-Ecuadorian midwife and formerly enslaved woman 3632:– second-in-command of the Cuban Army of Independence 906:

18th-century painting showing a family of free blacks

7218: 7177: 7175: 6609:"A Language, Not Quite Spanish, With African Echoes" 5451: 5449: 5178:. Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas. November 2018. 3620:– Haitian anthropologist, journalist, and politician 1693:

Belizean culture is a mix of African, European, and

8057: 7940: 7938: 7936: 7934: 7932: 7930: 7505: 6926:"About Nicaragua | Health and Culture in Nicaragua" 6353: 6325: 6323: 5888:"Charles Victor Bell Critiques Blackelectorate.com" 5730: 4111:– Afro-Uruguayan percussionist, composer and singer 3506: 2381:and white. Slavery in Haiti was established by the 1588:

Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas

716:) and were even involved in conquest (for example, 6897: 6878: 6819: 5738:"Hugo Chavez – Venezuela – Profile of Hugo Chavez" 5455: 5425: 1380:and make up the majority (70%) in the province of 1196:religious tradition. Other slaves belonged to the 7742: 7172: 6789: 5708: 5446: 1024:discovered the silver mines in a city now called 910: 27:Latin Americans with Sub-Saharan African ancestry 10252: 7927: 7786: 7304:"Project RACE (Reclassify All Children Equally)" 7044: 6340: 6320: 5647: 5539:The Norton Anthology African American Literature 5130: 5128: 4979: 4977: 607: 8123: 7181: 6399:Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Chile 5537:Henry Louis Gates Jr., Nellie Y. McKay (1997). 5089:"Los afro- argentinos y el racismo que perdura" 3747:– Dominican-American former MLB player for the 2617:have also migrated and settled in Puerto Rico. 2389:colonialists. Many Haitians are descendants of 1176:people. The West Africans mostly belong to the 673:In the 15th and 16th centuries, many people of 170: 6541: 5686:Project on Ethnicity and Race in Latin America 5250: 5099: 4389:List of topics related to the African diaspora 3699:– Cuban-American singer-songwriter and actress 2135:Among the most famous Afro-Cubans are writers 943: 9697: 8342: 7827:National Statistical Office, Republic of Cuba 7659:. Indiana University Press. pp. 316–17. 6445:. Eldinamo.cl. 19 August 2013. Archived from 5396:"Características Étnico-raciais da População" 5259:Routledge Handbook of Latin American Politics 5125: 4974: 3602:– Dominican singer, reality star and activist 591: 8131:"Afrolatinos "The Untaught Story" – Bolivia" 7296: 7014:. Central Intelligence Agency. 11 April 2023 5417: 5318:Journal of Language Identity & Education 5045: 4901: 4899: 4667: 2813:Total Afro Latin American population (est.) 2711:from Spain, searched for the fabled city of 1298:, although considerable numbers are also in 8290:Nuestro.cl (Chilean Cultural Heritage Site) 8197:"CIA - The World Factbook -- French Guiana" 8035: 7738: 7736: 7734: 7732: 7730: 7728: 7726: 7724: 7722: 7720: 6870: 6600: 5932:"Film Description | Corpus | POV" 5794:. LatinoLA. 24 October 2010. Archived from 5643: 5641: 5639: 5637: 5510:Human Biology of Afro-Caribbean Populations 5503: 5501: 5311: 5305: 5187: 5185: 5064: 5062: 5020: 5003:La población Afro-uruguaya en el Censo 2011 4797:(in Spanish). Vol. 2. Editorial CSIC. 4521: 4519: 3644:– Honduran American Football coach for the 3545:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 2474:According to the 2020 U.S. Census taken in 2441: 1463:Afro-Peruvian man in El Carmen near Chincha 1161:, while 45.3% (92.1 million) identified as 1095:during a meeting in the capital of Brazil, 9711: 9704: 9690: 8349: 8335: 7511: 7268: 6840: 6811: 6756: 6472:. Universidade de Brasília. Archived from 6209: 6008: 5979: 5840:"What are Telenovelas? – Hispanic Culture" 5369:Seelke, Clare Ribando (21 November 2008). 5147: 5145: 4996: 4994: 4761:"Sociodemographic panorama of Mexico 2020" 4105:– American actress, of Afro-Cuban heritage 3741:– Afro-Nicaraguan-born American MLB Player 1128:(Golden Law) was sanctioned by the regent 96: 8159:[Bolivians of African Descent?]. 8084: 7262:"Afrodominicanos pugnan por su identidad" 7105: 7095: 6889: 6855: 6524: 6514: 6494: 6468:Godinho, Neide Maria de Oliveira (2008). 6418: 6392: 6386: 6377: 6278: 6268: 5364: 5362: 4896: 4787: 4775:"Dominican Republic — The World Factbook" 4710: 4692: 4650: 4593: 4575: 4165:– Cuban-born American MLB baseball player 3778:– award-winning Haitian American novelist 3565:Learn how and when to remove this message 2062:zambos a subset of the Miskito who speak 1908:Slaves on the north coast mixed with the 7717: 6065:Forensic Science International: Genetics 6018:. Censo2010.indec.gov.ar. Archived from 5989:. Censo2010.indec.gov.ar. Archived from 5960:. Censo2010.indec.gov.ar. Archived from 5910:"Pride or prejudice? – The Boston Globe" 5762: 5634: 5507: 5498: 5182: 5167: 5165: 5059: 4963: 4516: 4493: 4491: 4419:Spanish immigration to Equatorial Guinea 3576: 2658: 1942: 1838: 1544: 1499: 1458: 1236: 1086: 1074: 997: 901: 893: 726: 8215: 7679: 7654: 7581: 7442: 6495:Homburger, Julian; et al. (2015). 6467: 5423: 5256: 5192:Info Zuque. com. Se los llama Kamba Kua 5142: 4991: 4940: 4938: 4024:– Brazilian singer from Salvador, Bahia 2804:% Mixed Black African (official census) 2014:countries and many of whom still speak 927:(African – native – white mixture) and 14: 10253: 8308:Afro-Latin American Research Institute 7274: 7227: 6998:"Rama Cay people, culture and history" 6876: 6606: 6301: 5934:. PBS. 23 January 1999. Archived from 5512:. Cambridge University Press. p. 5368: 5359: 5242:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 5086: 4970:http://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/cpv/ 4888:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 4818: 2272:Most Afro-Dominicans descend from the 2254:90% Black and Mulatto, and 10% White. 2084:Famous Afro-Panamanians include boxer 1963:. The African population is mostly of 9685: 8330: 8282:(Afrodescendants Foundation in Chile) 8221: 7743:Lizcano Fernández, Francisco (2005). 6846: 6817: 6797:"Portal de Resultados del Censo 2018" 6766:[Basic results: Census 2011] 6223:from the original on 22 December 2023 5818:"Latinos not reflected on Spanish TV" 5740:. Worldnews.about.com. Archived from 5346: 5312:Padilla, Lillie; Vana, Rosti (2022). 5201:(in Spanish: They are call Kamba Kua) 5162: 4488: 4081:– Colombian professor of microbiology 2484:University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez 2405:also present in their society today. 2242: 1206:were mostly brought from present-day 1200:and other neighboring ethnic groups. 527:Afro-American peoples of the Americas 9666: 8356: 6895: 6861: 6650: 6588:from the original on 26 October 2007 5648:Gonzalez-Barrera, Ana (2 May 2022). 4935: 4544:"Grupos étnicos información técnica" 4051:– Venezuelan musician of salsa music 3543:adding citations to reliable sources 3510: 2707:(Steven the Black), a North African 1983:. There is also a smaller number of 1893:, and other Caribbean Islands or of 55:Regions with significant populations 7866:from the original on 26 August 2021 7680:Rosario, Richy (14 February 2019). 7456:from the original on 26 August 2021 6685:. Nicomedes Santa Cruz. 4 June 1975 5087:Perfil, Redacción (28 March 2015). 4931:Censo poblacional de Venezuela 2011 4794:Historia de la República Dominicana 4349:Black Hispanic and Latino Americans 3806:Frederico Rodrigues de Paula Santos 2766:Black Hispanic and Latino Americans 2581:The Puerto Rican musical genres of 1226:. They were sent in large scale to 1130:Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil 923:(indigenous – African mixture) and 32:Black Hispanic and Latino Americans 24: 8021:"CIA World Factbook – El Salvador" 7829:(in Spanish). 2003. Archived from 7275:Graham, Susan (13 February 2011). 7058:. Gobierno de la República de Cuba 6904:. Johns Hopkins University Press. 6461: 6063:European admixture in Bolivians". 5763:Quinonez, Ernesto (19 June 2003). 5565:. Slavevoyages.org. Archived from 4912:. Ine.gov.ve. May 2014. p. 29 1636: 735:population in the Americas (1901). 696:, who introduced wheat to Mexico. 25: 10297: 10261:African diaspora in Latin America 8273: 7999:"CIA World Factbook – Costa Rica" 7787:Chandrai Estévez (January 2013). 7475:Juan C. Martínez Cruzado (2002). 7310:from the original on 15 July 2011 6881:The Idea of Race in Latin America 6710:American Journal of Human Biology 6607:Romero, Simon (18 October 2007). 6405:(9). Santiago de Chile: 702–706. 5347:Velez, Ashley (15 October 2019). 5287:"Why Centering Blackness Matters" 3928:– Afro-Nicaraguan artist and poet 3922:(born 1991) – MLB baseball player 3826:– Brazilian singer and politician 2801:% Black African (official census) 1801:. All these places belong to the 1515:American Journal of Human Biology 1041:and had to trek from cities like 10266:Ethnic groups in Central America 9665: 9656: 9655: 8538:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 8241: 8189: 8175: 8157:"¿Afrodescendientes en Bolivia?" 8149: 8078: 7913: 7899: 7878: 7848: 7811: 7780: 7692: 7673: 7648: 7622: 7575: 7418: 7392: 7254: 7242:from the original on 22 May 2011 7228:Robles, Frances (13 June 2007). 7141: 7122: 6764:"Resultados Básicos: Censo 2011" 6337:, Vol. 47, Issue 8, August 1997. 5376:. Congressional Research Service 5136:"Guatemala — The World Factbook" 4985:"Nicaragua — The World Factbook" 4436: 4204:African diaspora in the Americas 3679:Carlos Gilberto Nascimento Silva 3515: 3507:Noted Afro–Latin American people 3400: 3397: 3378: 3354: 3259: 3138: 2972: 2969: 2947: 2944: 2873: 2870: 2848: 2845: 2759: 2643: 2286:Democratic Republic of the Congo 1971:of laborers brought mostly from 1184:, a derogatory term used by the 967: 443: 425: 407: 389: 371: 353: 335: 317: 299: 281: 263: 245: 227: 209: 191: 172: 153: 135: 117: 98: 79: 61: 8109:"CIA World Factbook – Paraguay" 7070: 7026: 7004: 6990: 6964: 6943: 6918: 6697: 6628: 6570: 6488: 6435: 6379:10.4067/S0034-98872008000500014 6295: 6235: 6192: 6167: 6142: 6117: 6091: 6055: 6037: 5924: 5902: 5880: 5854: 5832: 5810: 5784: 5756: 5696:from the original on 4 May 2022 5674: 5662:from the original on 6 May 2022 5608: 5599: 5590: 5581: 5555: 5388: 5340: 5279: 5204: 5080: 5053:"Honduras — The World Factbook" 4846: 4832: 4781: 4454: 2787: 2624:, Hall of Fame baseball player 2482:(mtDNA) study conducted by the 2328:system of racial stratification 10286:Ethnic groups in the Caribbean 10281:Ethnic groups in South America 10276:Ethnic groups in North America 10271:Ethnic groups in Latin America 8085:Comunidad (12 November 2011). 7946:"Informe Latinobarómetro 2018" 7556:. Ssc.wisc.edu. Archived from 6636:"The World Factbook – Ecuador" 5820:. Vida de Oro. 25 October 2010 4753: 4727: 4610: 4550: 2463: 1759: 911:Racial and ethnic distinctions 712:and exploration (for example, 13: 1: 7977:"CIA World Factbook – Panama" 6638:. Central Intelligence Agency 5428:Afro-Latin America, 1800–2000 5424:Andrews, George Reid (2004). 5326:10.1080/15348458.2021.2014845 4481: 4121:Sidnei Rechel da Silva Júnior 3721:Danilo dos Santos de Oliveira 3693:– Cuban singer of Latin music 2408: 2333: 1728: 9998:Central banks and currencies 7097:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004488 7038:Countries and Their Cultures 6516:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005602 6348:Revista Chilena de Pediatría 6270:10.1371/journal.pone.0017063 6077:10.1016/j.fsigen.2013.05.012 6049:International Business Times 5912:. Boston.com. 19 August 2004 5477:10.1080/01419870.2011.607503 5006:(in Spanish). 7 March 2021. 4694:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004572 4577:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005602 4527:"Haiti — The World Factbook" 4073:Ramires Santos do Nascimento 4018:– Afro-Cuban American Rapper 4010:Saint Martin de Porres, O.P. 3986:Marcelo Antônio Guedes Filho 3974:Maicosuel Reginaldo de Matos 3872:Jemerson de Jesus Nascimento 3717:– Dominican-American actress 2810:% Mixed Black African (est.) 2630:Bernie Williams-Figueroa Jr. 2091: 1932: 1774: 1685:and sugar-cane plantations. 1534: 1358:, a Spanish/African creole. 1241:Typical dress of women from 1151:("yellow", East Asian), and 972: 7: 9955:Liberalism and conservatism 7704:Central Intelligence Agency 7582:Márquez, Alejandra (2018). 7450:"United States 2020 Census" 7374:, June 2010, archived from 7365:"Martinique Heritage Trail" 7339:, June 2010, archived from 7184:Latin American Perspectives 7159:Central Intelligence Agency 6864:Espectro Racial de Honduras 6818:Gates, Henry Louis (1999). 6393:Cruz-Coke, Ricardo (1994). 6150:"Afro-Bolivian - Afropedea" 5716:"Venezuela – ETHNIC GROUPS" 5432:. Oxford University Press. 5032:United States Census Bureau 4181: 3934:– Mexican singer/songwriter 2683:Mexico's second president, 2179:; jazz musicians including 1828: 1417: 1282: 1259:Chile enslaved about 6,000 1234:, and Northeastern Brazil. 1083:in each department in 2022. 1005:is the current king of the 944:Representation in the media 919:(African – white mixture), 677:origin were brought to the 10: 10302: 9950:International peacekeeping 9757:Latin American integration 9550:African diaspora religions 8674:Indigenous Black Canadians 8323:Cambridge University Press 7856:"Puerto Rico: 2020 Census" 7333:"Population of Martinique" 7196:10.1177/0094582x9802500307 6900:Blackness and Race Mixture 6304:Encyclopedia of the Yoruba 4741:(in Spanish). 6 April 2020 4635:10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.09.013 4264:Afro-Dominicans (Dominica) 4004:María del Tránsito Sorroza 3709:Claudemir Jerônimo Barreto 2763: 2652: 2467: 2415:Demographics of Martinique 2412: 2370: 2340:Demographics of Guadeloupe 2337: 2246: 2207:; other musicians such as 2106: 2095: 2073: 1947:Afro-Nicaraguan creole in 1936: 1832: 1778: 1763: 1732: 1538: 1493: 1489: 1452: 1421: 1365: 1361: 1286: 1252: 1132:, daughter of the emperor 1060: 1028:, which is on the base of 991: 987: 976: 668: 29: 10230: 10180: 10171: 10089: 10037: 10030: 9981: 9972: 9922: 9915: 9898: 9891: 9831: 9780: 9729: 9720: 9651: 9540: 9525:African Hebrew Israelites 9510: 9464: 9401: 9390: 9370: 9301:Afro-Asians in South Asia 9266: 9179: 9014: 8864: 8649: 8575: 8385: 8371: 8364: 8321:Afro-Latin America Series 8133:. Cia.gov. Archived from 7277:"'Check One' Didn't Work" 6331:"Brazil's African Legacy" 5765:"Y Tu Black Mama Tambien" 5508:Madrigal, Lorena (2006). 5465:Ethnic and Racial Studies 4171:– Brazilian soccer player 4159:– Brazilian soccer player 4147:– Brazilian soccer player 4135:– Brazilian soccer player 4123:– Brazilian soccer player 4093:– Brazilian soccer player 4087:– Brazilian soccer player 4075:– Brazilian soccer player 4057:– Brazilian soccer player 4036:– Brazilian soccer player 4030:– Brazilian soccer player 4000:– Brazilian soccer player 3988:– Brazilian soccer player 3976:– Brazilian soccer player 3970:– Brazilian soccer player 3964:– Brazilian soccer player 3958:– Brazilian soccer player 3952:– Brazilian soccer player 3940:– Brazilian soccer player 3938:Kléber de Carvalho Corrêa 3916:– Brazilian soccer player 3910:– Brazilian soccer player 3892:– Brazilian soccer player 3880:– Brazilian soccer player 3874:– Brazilian soccer player 3868:– Haitian American artist 3862:– Brazilian soccer player 3856:– Brazilian soccer player 3820:– Brazilian soccer player 3814:– Brazilian soccer player 3808:– Brazilian soccer player 3802:– Brazilian soccer player 3796:– Brazilian soccer player 3784:– Brazilian soccer player 3766:– Brazilian soccer player 3723:– Brazilian soccer player 3711:– Brazilian soccer player 3687:– Brazilian soccer player 3681:– Brazilian soccer player 3675:– Brazilian soccer player 3669:– Brazilian soccer player 3663:– Brazilian soccer player 3657:– Brazilian soccer player 3638:– Brazilian soccer player 3626:– Brazilian soccer player 3614:– Brazilian soccer player 3608:– Brazilian soccer player 3596:– Brazilian soccer player 3488: 3470: 3465: 3421: 3403: 3373: 3349: 3331: 3301: 3283: 3278: 3254: 3230: 3111: 3037: 3013: 2975: 2926: 2648: 2317:José Alberto "El Canario" 2069: 1688: 1056: 1007:Afro-Bolivian Royal House 521: 516: 496: 491: 464: 459: 441: 423: 405: 387: 369: 351: 333: 315: 297: 279: 261: 243: 225: 207: 189: 169: 151: 133: 115: 95: 77: 59: 54: 47: 8567:Turks and Caicos Islands 8314: 8183:"French Guiana – People" 6179:www.realhistories.org.uk 4447: 4443:Latin America portal 4117:– Cuban-American actress 4034:Neuciano de Jesus Gusmão 3908:Juan Silveira dos Santos 3832:– Cuban-American actress 2514:" in the United States. 2442:Saint Lucia and Dominica 2366: 2165:Orlando "Cachaito" López 2016:Nicaragua English Creole 1967:(Antillean) origin, the 1756:and the Central Valley. 1721:) on the Caribbean Sea. 1665:heritage, as well as of 1661:, Afro-Caribbean and/or 1512:A 2009 DNA study in the 1270:In 1984, a study called 1248: 1214:, most belonging to the 10185:Countries by population 9742:Portuguese colonization 7759:(May–August): 185–232. 6366:Revista Médica de Chile 5055:. CIA. 31 January 2024. 4987:. CIA. 31 January 2024. 4946:"Población Afroperuana" 4777:. CIA. 31 January 2024. 4529:. CIA. 31 January 2024. 4157:Willian Borges da Silva 3764:Douglas Franco Teixeira 2611:West and Central Africa 2401:descendant population. 2397:who cohabited with the 2227:, Christina Milian and 2177:Buena Vista Social Club 2102: 1448: 1348:San Basilio de Palenque 510:Afro-American religions 478:Antillean Creole French 10059:Latin American studies 9555:Anti-African sentiment 8301:29 August 2021 at the 7523:Durham, North Carolina 6930:journeys.dartmouth.edu 6302:Falola, Toyin (2016). 5403:biblioteca.ibge.gov.br 4364:Demographics of Africa 4028:Moisés Roberto Barbosa 3998:Marcos Arouca da Silva 3994:– Brazilian MPB singer 3818:Gerson Santos da Silva 3685:Carlos Santos de Jesus 3589: 2807:% Black African (est.) 2675: 2292:), and as well as the 1979:when the region was a 1952: 1848: 1705:concentrated from the 1554: 1509: 1464: 1276:University of Brasília 1245: 1099: 1084: 1010: 907: 899: 736: 617: 608: 601: 592: 585: 570:is not widely used in 531:Black Latino Americans 9607:Civil rights movement 9495:Afro-Caribbean people 8804:Chestnut Ridge people 8726:African-American Jews 8528:Saint Kitts and Nevis 8199:. CIA. Archived from 7948:. latinobarometro.org 7921:"Martinique – People" 7907:"Guadeloupe – People" 7777:See table on page 218 7774:on 20 September 2008. 7600:10.1353/hsf.2018.0046 7527:Duke University Press 6976:Minority Rights Group 6972:"Garifuna (Garinagu)" 6877:Knight, Alan (1990). 6125:"Potosí Silver Mines" 6103:Minority Rights Group 5890:. Blackelectorate.com 5261:. Routledge. p. 4424:White Latin Americans 4414:São Tomé and Príncipe 4339:Asian Latin Americans 4229:Afro-Caribbean people 3782:Ebert Willian Amâncio 3580: 2662: 2622:Felix "Tito" Trinidad 2510:the opposite of the " 2213:Israel "Cachao" López 2098:Afro-Caribbean people 1949:Bluefields, Nicaragua 1946: 1843:Honduran Footballer, 1842: 1548: 1503: 1462: 1240: 1090: 1078: 1020:In 1544, the Spanish 1001: 962:white Latin Americans 905: 897: 730: 547:Black Latin Americans 517:Related ethnic groups 10013:Water and sanitation 9737:Spanish colonization 9565:Atlantic slave trade 9253:United Arab Emirates 7886:"Afro-Puerto Ricans" 7700:"The World Factbook" 7149:"Dominican Republic" 7022:– via CIA.gov. 6896:Wade, Peter (1993). 6862:Lang, Julio (1951). 6847:Helms, Mary (1977). 6578:"The Cultural Space" 6411:10.1136/jmg.31.9.702 6219:. 22 December 2023. 5868:on 15 September 2012 5690:Princeton University 5076:on 25 February 2021. 4384:List of Afro-Latinos 3902:Juan Gualberto Gómez 3866:Jean-Michel Basquiat 3539:improve this section 2028:Miskito Coast Creole 1987:, a people of mixed 1981:British protectorate 1876:Cristóbal de Pedraza 1868:conquest of Honduras 1715:Stann Creek District 1480:Nicomedes Santa Cruz 1342:María Isabel Urrutia 1071:Mixed-race Brazilian 1034:Sub-Saharan Africans 898:Map of Latin America 889:Princeton University 706:Atlantic slave trade 543:Afro–Latin Americans 49:Afrolatinoamericanos 43:Afro–Latin Americans 18:Afro-Latin Americans 9747:French colonization 9454:Sierra Leone Creole 9305:India and Pakistan 8550:Trinidad and Tobago 8400:Antigua and Barbuda 8296:Black Latin America 8222:Press, ed. (2020). 8203:on 23 December 2012 7137:on 1 November 2012. 6799:. Censopoblacion.gt 6744:on 11 December 2012 6261:2011PLoSO...617063P 5967:on 2 September 2011 5798:on 2 September 2017 5744:on 6 September 2015 5718:. Countrystudies.us 5655:Pew Research Center 5563:"Introductory Maps" 5494:on 2 February 2014. 5293:on 13 February 2023 5224:on 11 February 2016 4044:President of Brazil 3735:– Dominican actress 2782:Pew Research Center 2773:Pew Research Center 2426:West Central Africa 2351:West Central Africa 2319:, and basketballer 2280:of Central Africa ( 1746:Guanacaste Province 1669:heritage. Those of 1549:The late President 940:and African women. 702:Columbus expedition 568:Afro–Latin American 561:sub-Saharan African 44: 10081:Race and ethnicity 10047:Illegal drug trade 9597:Black Lives Matter 9204:Ethiopian Israelis 8854:African immigrants 8829:Louisiana Redbones 8765:Chickasaw freedmen 8694:African immigrants 8462:Dominican Republic 8310:Harvard University 8285:Virginia Rioseco, 8137:on 27 January 2010 7563:on 7 February 2012 7404:CIA World Factbook 7282:The New York Times 7154:The World Factbook 6777:on 3 December 2017 6722:10.1002/ajhb.20025 6683:"Coastal Folklore" 6663:(in Spanish). 2005 6614:The New York Times 5996:on 29 October 2013 5938:on 19 January 2016 5622:. 14 December 2015 5620:Atlanta Black Star 5405:. 24 February 2021 5197:2012-11-05 at the 5111:The World Factbook 4951:(in Spanish). 2017 4374:Fernandino peoples 4314:Afro–Puerto Ricans 4177:– American Actress 3968:Luiz Paulo Hilário 3896:José María Morelos 3860:Jair Ventura Filho 3848:Immortal Technique 3794:Fernando Luiz Roza 3705:– Brazilian singer 3590: 2864:Dominican Republic 2703:A Black man named 2676: 2243:Dominican Republic 2231:; and politicians 2225:Dámaso Pérez Prado 2046:, and shipwrecked 1953: 1849: 1789:, concentrated in 1555: 1510: 1465: 1312:San Andres Islands 1246: 1100: 1085: 1011: 908: 900: 737: 559:of full or mainly 143:Dominican Republic 42: 10248: 10247: 10226: 10225: 10222: 10221: 10026: 10025: 10018:Wealth inequality 9968: 9967: 9940:Drug legalization 9935:Conservative wave 9911: 9910: 9887: 9886: 9864:League of Nations 9832:Foreign relations 9679: 9678: 9647: 9646: 9560:Anti-Black racism 9500:British Jamaicans 9490:African Americans 9475:African Americans 9429:Americo-Liberians 9414:African Americans 9386: 9385: 9209:Sudanese refugees 9010: 9009: 8780:Seminole freedmen 8760:Cherokee freedmen 8741:Black Southerners 8716:African Americans 8664:African Americans 8185:. 6 January 2024. 7959:Via SPSS output: 7536:978-0-8223-1842-2 7427:Caribbean insight 6558:. 6 November 2019 6154:www.afropedea.org 5842:. Bellaonline.com 5569:on 6 October 2011 5548:978-0-8133-0071-9 5439:978-0-19-515232-6 5272:978-1-135-28029-1 5013:978-9974-32-625-5 4804:978-84-00-09240-5 4735:"Afrocolombianos" 4244:Afro–Costa Ricans 4194:African Americans 4022:Margareth Menezes 3950:Leônidas da Silva 3946:– Brazilian actor 3838:– Brazilian actor 3812:Gabriel Magalhães 3790:– Brazilian actor 3772:– Brazilian actor 3729:– Brazilian actor 3594:Alessandro Santos 3575: 3574: 3567: 3504: 3503: 2615:African Americans 2480:mitochondrial DNA 2470:Afro-Puerto Rican 2315:and salsa singer 2290:Republic of Congo 2193:Gonzalo Rubalcaba 1977:Caribbean islands 1864:Pedro de Alvarado 1803:Izabal department 1741:Afro-Costa Ricans 1627:Carolina Indriago 1611:Magdalena Sánchez 1390:Imbabura Province 1334:Faustino Asprilla 698:Pedro Alonso Niño 540: 539: 502:Roman Catholicism 16:(Redirected from 10293: 10202:Spanish language 10178: 10177: 10035: 10034: 9979: 9978: 9920: 9919: 9896: 9895: 9762:Great Depression 9727: 9726: 9706: 9699: 9692: 9683: 9682: 9669: 9668: 9659: 9658: 9399: 9398: 8787:Creoles of color 8770:Choctaw freedmen 8736:Black Mennonites 8669:Black Mennonites 8516:Jamaican Maroons 8472:Samaná Americans 8383: 8382: 8369: 8368: 8358:African diaspora 8351: 8344: 8337: 8328: 8327: 8267: 8266: 8259: 8253: 8252: 8245: 8239: 8238: 8236: 8234: 8228: 8219: 8213: 8212: 8210: 8208: 8193: 8187: 8186: 8179: 8173: 8172: 8170: 8168: 8163:. 5 January 2012 8153: 8147: 8146: 8144: 8142: 8127: 8121: 8120: 8118: 8116: 8105: 8099: 8098: 8096: 8094: 8082: 8076: 8075: 8073: 8071: 8061: 8055: 8054: 8052: 8050: 8039: 8033: 8032: 8030: 8028: 8017: 8011: 8010: 8008: 8006: 7995: 7989: 7988: 7986: 7984: 7973: 7967: 7957: 7955: 7953: 7942: 7925: 7924: 7917: 7911: 7910: 7903: 7897: 7896: 7894: 7892: 7882: 7876: 7875: 7873: 7871: 7860:US Census Bureau 7852: 7846: 7845: 7843: 7841: 7836:on 5 August 2019 7835: 7824: 7815: 7809: 7808: 7806: 7804: 7794: 7784: 7778: 7775: 7773: 7767:. Archived from 7750: 7740: 7715: 7714: 7712: 7710: 7696: 7690: 7689: 7677: 7671: 7670: 7652: 7646: 7645: 7643: 7641: 7626: 7620: 7619: 7579: 7573: 7572: 7570: 7568: 7562: 7555: 7547: 7541: 7540: 7509: 7503: 7502: 7501:on 22 June 2004. 7500: 7494:. Archived from 7481: 7472: 7466: 7465: 7463: 7461: 7446: 7440: 7439: 7437: 7435: 7422: 7416: 7415: 7413: 7411: 7396: 7390: 7389: 7388: 7386: 7380: 7369: 7361: 7352: 7351: 7350: 7348: 7343:on 29 April 2010 7337:WestCaraibes.com 7329: 7320: 7319: 7317: 7315: 7300: 7294: 7293: 7291: 7289: 7272: 7266: 7265: 7258: 7252: 7251: 7249: 7247: 7225: 7216: 7215: 7179: 7170: 7169: 7167: 7165: 7145: 7139: 7138: 7126: 7120: 7119: 7109: 7099: 7074: 7068: 7067: 7065: 7063: 7048: 7042: 7041: 7030: 7024: 7023: 7021: 7019: 7008: 7002: 7001: 6994: 6988: 6987: 6985: 6983: 6968: 6962: 6961: 6959: 6957: 6947: 6941: 6940: 6938: 6936: 6922: 6916: 6915: 6903: 6893: 6887: 6886: 6884: 6874: 6868: 6867: 6859: 6853: 6852: 6849:Negro or Indian? 6844: 6838: 6837: 6825: 6815: 6809: 6808: 6806: 6804: 6793: 6787: 6786: 6784: 6782: 6776: 6769: 6760: 6754: 6753: 6751: 6749: 6740:. Archived from 6701: 6695: 6694: 6692: 6690: 6679: 6673: 6672: 6670: 6668: 6662: 6654: 6648: 6647: 6645: 6643: 6632: 6626: 6625: 6623: 6621: 6604: 6598: 6597: 6595: 6593: 6574: 6568: 6567: 6565: 6563: 6553: 6545: 6539: 6538: 6528: 6518: 6492: 6486: 6485: 6483: 6481: 6465: 6459: 6458: 6456: 6454: 6439: 6433: 6432: 6422: 6390: 6384: 6383: 6381: 6357: 6351: 6344: 6338: 6327: 6318: 6317: 6299: 6293: 6292: 6282: 6272: 6239: 6233: 6232: 6230: 6228: 6213: 6207: 6206: 6204: 6196: 6190: 6189: 6187: 6185: 6171: 6165: 6164: 6162: 6160: 6146: 6140: 6139: 6137: 6135: 6121: 6115: 6114: 6112: 6110: 6099:"Afro-Bolivians" 6095: 6089: 6088: 6059: 6053: 6052: 6041: 6035: 6034: 6032: 6030: 6025:on 18 April 2014 6024: 6012: 6006: 6005: 6003: 6001: 5995: 5983: 5977: 5976: 5974: 5972: 5966: 5954: 5948: 5947: 5945: 5943: 5928: 5922: 5921: 5919: 5917: 5906: 5900: 5899: 5897: 5895: 5884: 5878: 5877: 5875: 5873: 5858: 5852: 5851: 5849: 5847: 5836: 5830: 5829: 5827: 5825: 5814: 5808: 5807: 5805: 5803: 5788: 5782: 5781: 5779: 5777: 5760: 5754: 5753: 5751: 5749: 5734: 5728: 5727: 5725: 5723: 5712: 5706: 5705: 5703: 5701: 5678: 5672: 5671: 5669: 5667: 5645: 5632: 5631: 5629: 5627: 5612: 5606: 5603: 5597: 5594: 5588: 5585: 5579: 5578: 5576: 5574: 5559: 5553: 5552: 5534: 5528: 5527: 5505: 5496: 5495: 5493: 5487:. Archived from 5471:(8): 1466–1483. 5462: 5453: 5444: 5443: 5431: 5421: 5415: 5414: 5412: 5410: 5400: 5392: 5386: 5385: 5383: 5381: 5375: 5366: 5357: 5356: 5344: 5338: 5337: 5309: 5303: 5302: 5300: 5298: 5289:. Archived from 5283: 5277: 5276: 5254: 5248: 5247: 5241: 5233: 5231: 5229: 5223: 5217:. Archived from 5216: 5208: 5202: 5189: 5180: 5179: 5177: 5169: 5160: 5159: 5157: 5149: 5140: 5139: 5132: 5123: 5122: 5120: 5118: 5103: 5097: 5096: 5084: 5078: 5077: 5066: 5057: 5056: 5049: 5043: 5042: 5040: 5038: 5024: 5018: 5017: 4998: 4989: 4988: 4981: 4972: 4967: 4961: 4960: 4958: 4956: 4950: 4942: 4933: 4928: 4922: 4921: 4919: 4917: 4911: 4903: 4894: 4893: 4887: 4879: 4877: 4875: 4869: 4863:. Archived from 4858: 4850: 4844: 4843: 4836: 4830: 4829: 4822: 4816: 4815: 4813: 4811: 4789:Moya Pons, Frank 4785: 4779: 4778: 4771: 4765: 4764: 4757: 4751: 4750: 4748: 4746: 4731: 4725: 4724: 4714: 4696: 4671: 4665: 4664: 4654: 4614: 4608: 4607: 4597: 4579: 4570:(12): e1005602. 4554: 4548: 4547: 4540: 4531: 4530: 4523: 4514: 4513: 4511: 4509: 4503: 4495: 4475: 4458: 4441: 4440: 4439: 4334:Afro-Venezuelans 4319:Afro-Salvadorans 4304:Afro-Paraguayans 4299:Afro-Panamanians 4294:Afro-Nicaraguans 4274:Afro-Guatemalans 4269:Afro-Ecuadorians 4199:African diaspora 4139:Vicente Guerrero 4055:Patrick de Paula 3980:Machado de Assis 3956:Lincoln Henrique 3932:Kalimba Marichal 3914:Jucilei da Silva 3886:– Mexican singer 3776:Edwidge Danticat 3697:Christina Milian 3570: 3563: 3559: 3556: 3550: 3519: 3511: 2795:Region / Country 2792: 2791: 2705:Esteban el Negro 2685:Vicente Guerrero 2663:Afromestizos in 2634:New York Yankees 2626:Roberto Clemente 2507:Gracias al Sacar 2458:Antillean Creole 2436:Antillean Creole 2361:Antillean Creole 2185:Mongo Santamaría 2050:) expelled from 2005:Laguna de Perlas 1858:If one uses the 1735:Afro-Costa Rican 1404:music. From the 1136:on 13 May 1888. 1081:Black Brazilians 864:) martial arts ( 722:Northern America 663:African diaspora 649:The accuracy of 624:plus a specific 611: 595: 504:, with minority 449: 447: 446: 431: 429: 428: 413: 411: 410: 395: 393: 392: 377: 375: 374: 359: 357: 356: 341: 339: 338: 323: 321: 320: 305: 303: 302: 287: 285: 284: 269: 267: 266: 251: 249: 248: 233: 231: 230: 215: 213: 212: 197: 195: 194: 182: 178: 176: 175: 159: 157: 156: 141: 139: 138: 123: 121: 120: 108: 104: 102: 101: 85: 83: 82: 67: 65: 64: 45: 41: 21: 10301: 10300: 10296: 10295: 10294: 10292: 10291: 10290: 10251: 10250: 10249: 10244: 10218: 10207:Latin Americans 10167: 10085: 10022: 10003:Stock exchanges 9964: 9907: 9883: 9827: 9776: 9716: 9710: 9680: 9675: 9643: 9617:Genetic history 9542: 9536: 9512: 9506: 9486:United Kingdom 9460: 9439:Afro-Brazilians 9394: 9392: 9382: 9366: 9271: 9262: 9175: 9018: 9006: 8866: 8860: 8731:Alabama Creoles 8651: 8645: 8577: 8571: 8376: 8360: 8355: 8317: 8303:Wayback Machine 8276: 8271: 8270: 8261: 8260: 8256: 8247: 8246: 8242: 8232: 8230: 8226: 8220: 8216: 8206: 8204: 8195: 8194: 8190: 8181: 8180: 8176: 8166: 8164: 8155: 8154: 8150: 8140: 8138: 8129: 8128: 8124: 8114: 8112: 8107: 8106: 8102: 8092: 8090: 8083: 8079: 8069: 8067: 8063: 8062: 8058: 8048: 8046: 8041: 8040: 8036: 8026: 8024: 8019: 8018: 8014: 8004: 8002: 7997: 7996: 7992: 7982: 7980: 7975: 7974: 7970: 7958: 7951: 7949: 7944: 7943: 7928: 7919: 7918: 7914: 7905: 7904: 7900: 7890: 7888: 7884: 7883: 7879: 7869: 7867: 7854: 7853: 7849: 7839: 7837: 7833: 7822: 7817: 7816: 7812: 7802: 7800: 7792: 7785: 7781: 7776: 7771: 7748: 7741: 7718: 7708: 7706: 7698: 7697: 7693: 7678: 7674: 7667: 7653: 7649: 7639: 7637: 7634:pewresearch.org 7628: 7627: 7623: 7580: 7576: 7566: 7564: 7560: 7553: 7549: 7548: 7544: 7537: 7513:Kinsbruner, Jay 7510: 7506: 7498: 7479: 7473: 7469: 7459: 7457: 7448: 7447: 7443: 7433: 7431: 7424: 7423: 7419: 7409: 7407: 7400:"Haiti: People" 7398: 7397: 7393: 7384: 7382: 7381:on 27 July 2011 7378: 7367: 7363: 7362: 7355: 7346: 7344: 7331: 7330: 7323: 7313: 7311: 7302: 7301: 7297: 7287: 7285: 7273: 7269: 7264:. 13 June 2007. 7260: 7259: 7255: 7245: 7243: 7226: 7219: 7180: 7173: 7163: 7161: 7147: 7146: 7142: 7129: 7127: 7123: 7090:(7): e1004488. 7075: 7071: 7061: 7059: 7050: 7049: 7045: 7032: 7031: 7027: 7017: 7015: 7010: 7009: 7005: 6996: 6995: 6991: 6981: 6979: 6970: 6969: 6965: 6955: 6953: 6949: 6948: 6944: 6934: 6932: 6924: 6923: 6919: 6912: 6894: 6890: 6875: 6871: 6860: 6856: 6845: 6841: 6834: 6816: 6812: 6802: 6800: 6795: 6794: 6790: 6780: 6778: 6774: 6767: 6762: 6761: 6757: 6747: 6745: 6702: 6698: 6688: 6686: 6681: 6680: 6676: 6666: 6664: 6660: 6656: 6655: 6651: 6641: 6639: 6634: 6633: 6629: 6619: 6617: 6605: 6601: 6591: 6589: 6576: 6575: 6571: 6561: 6559: 6551: 6547: 6546: 6542: 6509:(12). 1005602. 6493: 6489: 6479: 6477: 6466: 6462: 6452: 6450: 6441: 6440: 6436: 6391: 6387: 6358: 6354: 6345: 6341: 6328: 6321: 6314: 6300: 6296: 6240: 6236: 6226: 6224: 6215: 6214: 6210: 6202: 6198: 6197: 6193: 6183: 6181: 6173: 6172: 6168: 6158: 6156: 6148: 6147: 6143: 6133: 6131: 6123: 6122: 6118: 6108: 6106: 6097: 6096: 6092: 6060: 6056: 6043: 6042: 6038: 6028: 6026: 6022: 6014: 6013: 6009: 5999: 5997: 5993: 5985: 5984: 5980: 5970: 5968: 5964: 5956: 5955: 5951: 5941: 5939: 5930: 5929: 5925: 5915: 5913: 5908: 5907: 5903: 5893: 5891: 5886: 5885: 5881: 5871: 5869: 5860: 5859: 5855: 5845: 5843: 5838: 5837: 5833: 5823: 5821: 5816: 5815: 5811: 5801: 5799: 5790: 5789: 5785: 5775: 5773: 5761: 5757: 5747: 5745: 5736: 5735: 5731: 5721: 5719: 5714: 5713: 5709: 5699: 5697: 5680: 5679: 5675: 5665: 5663: 5646: 5635: 5625: 5623: 5614: 5613: 5609: 5604: 5600: 5595: 5591: 5586: 5582: 5572: 5570: 5561: 5560: 5556: 5549: 5535: 5531: 5524: 5506: 5499: 5491: 5460: 5454: 5447: 5440: 5422: 5418: 5408: 5406: 5398: 5394: 5393: 5389: 5379: 5377: 5373: 5367: 5360: 5345: 5341: 5310: 5306: 5296: 5294: 5285: 5284: 5280: 5273: 5255: 5251: 5235: 5234: 5227: 5225: 5221: 5214: 5212:"Archived copy" 5210: 5209: 5205: 5199:Wayback Machine 5190: 5183: 5175: 5171: 5170: 5163: 5155: 5151: 5150: 5143: 5134: 5133: 5126: 5116: 5114: 5105: 5104: 5100: 5085: 5081: 5068: 5067: 5060: 5051: 5050: 5046: 5036: 5034: 5026: 5025: 5021: 5014: 5000: 4999: 4992: 4983: 4982: 4975: 4968: 4964: 4954: 4952: 4948: 4944: 4943: 4936: 4929: 4925: 4915: 4913: 4909: 4905: 4904: 4897: 4881: 4880: 4873: 4871: 4867: 4856: 4854:"Archived copy" 4852: 4851: 4847: 4838: 4837: 4833: 4824: 4823: 4819: 4809: 4807: 4805: 4786: 4782: 4773: 4772: 4768: 4763:. 25 July 2020. 4759: 4758: 4754: 4744: 4742: 4733: 4732: 4728: 4687:(9): e1004572. 4672: 4668: 4615: 4611: 4555: 4551: 4542: 4541: 4534: 4525: 4524: 4517: 4507: 4505: 4501: 4497: 4496: 4489: 4484: 4479: 4478: 4459: 4455: 4450: 4437: 4435: 4433: 4379:Latin Americans 4344:Atlantic Creole 4329:Afro-Uruguayans 4259:Afro-Dominicans 4254:Afro-Curaçaoans 4239:Afro-Colombians 4224:Afro-Brazilians 4209:Afro-Argentines 4184: 4145:Vinícius Júnior 4061:Pedro A. Campos 3884:Johnny Laboriel 3753:Minnesota Twins 3606:Anderson Salles 3571: 3560: 3554: 3551: 3536: 3520: 3509: 3491: 3473: 3468: 3424: 3406: 3376: 3352: 3334: 3304: 3286: 3281: 3257: 3233: 3114: 3040: 3016: 2987:Central America 2978: 2929: 2790: 2768: 2762: 2665:Punta Maldonado 2657: 2651: 2646: 2636:outfielder and 2503:Regla del Sacar 2492:Central African 2472: 2466: 2444: 2422:Bight of Biafra 2417: 2411: 2375: 2369: 2347:Bight of Biafra 2342: 2336: 2296:people of west 2251: 2249:Afro-Dominicans 2245: 2169:Omara Portuondo 2137:Nicolás Guillén 2111: 2105: 2100: 2094: 2086:Eusebio Pedroza 2078: 2076:Afro-Panamanian 2072: 2064:Rama Cay Creole 2034:descendents of 2012:Anglo-Caribbean 1941: 1939:Afro-Nicaraguan 1935: 1837: 1831: 1783: 1781:Afro-Guatemalan 1777: 1768: 1766:Afro-Salvadoran 1762: 1737: 1731: 1711:Belize District 1691: 1639: 1637:Central America 1603:Houston Rockets 1543: 1541:Afro-Venezuelan 1537: 1529:Joaquín Lenzina 1498: 1492: 1457: 1451: 1426: 1424:Afro-Paraguayan 1420: 1411:Bomba (Ecuador) 1370: 1368:Afro-Ecuadorian 1364: 1291: 1285: 1257: 1251: 1073: 1067:Pardo Brazilian 1061:Main articles: 1059: 996: 990: 981: 979:Afro-Argentines 975: 970: 946: 913: 783:Central America 671: 557:Latin Americans 535:Afro-Caribbeans 444: 442: 426: 424: 408: 406: 390: 388: 372: 370: 354: 352: 336: 334: 318: 316: 300: 298: 282: 280: 264: 262: 246: 244: 228: 226: 210: 208: 192: 190: 173: 171: 154: 152: 136: 134: 118: 116: 99: 97: 80: 78: 62: 60: 50: 40: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10299: 10289: 10288: 10283: 10278: 10273: 10268: 10263: 10246: 10245: 10243: 10242: 10237: 10231: 10228: 10227: 10224: 10223: 10220: 10219: 10217: 10216: 10215: 10214: 10204: 10199: 10194: 10193: 10192: 10181: 10175: 10169: 10168: 10166: 10165: 10160: 10159: 10158: 10153: 10143: 10138: 10133: 10128: 10123: 10118: 10113: 10112: 10111: 10101: 10095: 10093: 10087: 10086: 10084: 10083: 10078: 10073: 10068: 10063: 10062: 10061: 10051: 10050: 10049: 10038: 10032: 10028: 10027: 10024: 10023: 10021: 10020: 10015: 10010: 10005: 10000: 9995: 9994: 9993: 9982: 9976: 9970: 9969: 9966: 9965: 9963: 9962: 9957: 9952: 9947: 9942: 9937: 9932: 9926: 9924: 9917: 9913: 9912: 9909: 9908: 9906: 9905: 9899: 9893: 9889: 9888: 9885: 9884: 9882: 9881: 9876: 9874:United Kingdom 9871: 9866: 9861: 9856: 9851: 9846: 9841: 9835: 9833: 9829: 9828: 9826: 9825: 9820: 9815: 9810: 9805: 9800: 9795: 9790: 9784: 9782: 9778: 9777: 9775: 9774: 9769: 9764: 9759: 9754: 9752:Decolonization 9749: 9744: 9739: 9733: 9731: 9724: 9718: 9717: 9715: articles 9709: 9708: 9701: 9694: 9686: 9677: 9676: 9674: 9673: 9663: 9652: 9649: 9648: 9645: 9644: 9642: 9641: 9640: 9639: 9629: 9627:Pan-Africanism 9624: 9619: 9614: 9612:Creole peoples 9609: 9604: 9599: 9594: 9593: 9592: 9587: 9582: 9577: 9572: 9562: 9557: 9552: 9546: 9544: 9538: 9537: 9535: 9534: 9529: 9528: 9527: 9516: 9514: 9508: 9507: 9505: 9504: 9503: 9502: 9497: 9492: 9484: 9483: 9482: 9477: 9468: 9466: 9462: 9461: 9459: 9458: 9457: 9456: 9448: 9447: 9446: 9441: 9433: 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8777: 8775:Creek freedmen 8772: 8767: 8762: 8748: 8746:Black Hispanic 8743: 8738: 8733: 8728: 8723: 8712:United States 8710: 8709: 8708: 8698: 8697: 8696: 8691: 8686: 8681: 8676: 8671: 8666: 8655: 8653: 8647: 8646: 8644: 8643: 8642: 8641: 8631: 8626: 8625: 8624: 8617:Miskito people 8614: 8609: 8604: 8599: 8594: 8593: 8592: 8581: 8579: 8573: 8572: 8570: 8569: 8564: 8563: 8562: 8557: 8547: 8546: 8545: 8535: 8530: 8525: 8520: 8519: 8518: 8513: 8508: 8498: 8497: 8496: 8491: 8481: 8476: 8475: 8474: 8469: 8459: 8454: 8449: 8448: 8447: 8442: 8437: 8427: 8425:Cayman Islands 8422: 8417: 8412: 8407: 8402: 8397: 8391: 8389: 8380: 8366: 8362: 8361: 8354: 8353: 8346: 8339: 8331: 8325: 8324: 8316: 8313: 8312: 8311: 8305: 8293: 8283: 8275: 8274:External links 8272: 8269: 8268: 8254: 8240: 8214: 8188: 8174: 8148: 8122: 8100: 8077: 8056: 8034: 8012: 7990: 7968: 7926: 7912: 7898: 7877: 7847: 7810: 7779: 7755:(in Spanish). 7716: 7691: 7672: 7665: 7647: 7636:. 1 March 2016 7621: 7594:(1): 147–148. 7574: 7542: 7535: 7504: 7467: 7441: 7430:. 21 July 2008 7417: 7391: 7372:Martinique.org 7353: 7321: 7295: 7267: 7253: 7230:"Black denial" 7217: 7171: 7140: 7121: 7069: 7056:www.cubagob.cu 7043: 7025: 7003: 6989: 6978:. 19 June 2015 6963: 6942: 6917: 6910: 6888: 6869: 6854: 6839: 6832: 6810: 6788: 6755: 6716:(3): 289–297. 6696: 6674: 6649: 6627: 6599: 6569: 6540: 6487: 6476:on 6 July 2011 6460: 6449:on 6 July 2014 6434: 6385: 6352: 6339: 6319: 6312: 6294: 6234: 6208: 6191: 6166: 6141: 6116: 6105:. 19 June 2015 6090: 6071:(5): 537–542. 6054: 6051:. 4 June 2013. 6036: 6007: 5978: 5949: 5923: 5901: 5879: 5853: 5831: 5809: 5783: 5755: 5729: 5707: 5673: 5633: 5607: 5598: 5589: 5580: 5554: 5547: 5529: 5522: 5497: 5445: 5438: 5416: 5387: 5358: 5339: 5304: 5278: 5271: 5249: 5203: 5181: 5161: 5141: 5124: 5098: 5079: 5058: 5044: 5019: 5012: 4990: 4973: 4962: 4934: 4923: 4895: 4870:on 3 June 2014 4845: 4831: 4817: 4803: 4780: 4766: 4752: 4739:encolombia.com 4726: 4666: 4629:(5): 707–726. 4609: 4549: 4532: 4515: 4486: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4477: 4476: 4452: 4451: 4449: 4446: 4432: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4371: 4366: 4361: 4356: 4351: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4331: 4326: 4324:Afro-Spaniards 4321: 4316: 4311: 4309:Afro-Peruvians 4306: 4301: 4296: 4291: 4286: 4284:Afro-Hondurans 4281: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4251: 4246: 4241: 4236: 4231: 4226: 4221: 4219:Afro-Bolivians 4216: 4211: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4185: 4183: 4180: 4179: 4178: 4172: 4166: 4160: 4154: 4148: 4142: 4136: 4130: 4124: 4118: 4112: 4106: 4103:Rosario Dawson 4100: 4094: 4088: 4082: 4076: 4070: 4064: 4058: 4052: 4046: 4037: 4031: 4025: 4019: 4016:Mellow Man Ace 4013: 4007: 4001: 3995: 3992:Maria Bethânia 3989: 3983: 3977: 3971: 3965: 3959: 3953: 3947: 3941: 3935: 3929: 3923: 3917: 3911: 3905: 3899: 3893: 3887: 3881: 3875: 3869: 3863: 3857: 3854:Hilton Moreira 3851: 3845: 3839: 3833: 3827: 3821: 3815: 3809: 3803: 3797: 3791: 3785: 3779: 3773: 3767: 3761: 3758:Dianne Morales 3755: 3749:Boston Red Sox 3742: 3736: 3733:Dascha Polanco 3730: 3724: 3718: 3712: 3706: 3700: 3694: 3688: 3682: 3676: 3673:Carlos Alberto 3670: 3664: 3661:Bruno Henrique 3658: 3652: 3646:Miami Dolphins 3639: 3633: 3627: 3621: 3618:Anténor Firmin 3615: 3609: 3603: 3600:Amara La Negra 3597: 3586:Afro-Brazilian 3573: 3572: 3523: 3521: 3514: 3508: 3505: 3502: 3501: 3498: 3495: 3492: 3489: 3487: 3484: 3478: 3477: 3474: 3471: 3469: 3466: 3464: 3461: 3455: 3454: 3451: 3449: 3447: 3445: 3443: 3441: 3435: 3434: 3431: 3428: 3425: 3422: 3420: 3417: 3411: 3410: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3396: 3393: 3387: 3386: 3383: 3380: 3377: 3374: 3372: 3369: 3363: 3362: 3359: 3356: 3353: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3339: 3338: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3324: 3321: 3315: 3314: 3311: 3308: 3305: 3302: 3300: 3297: 3291: 3290: 3287: 3284: 3282: 3279: 3277: 3274: 3268: 3267: 3264: 3261: 3258: 3255: 3253: 3250: 3244: 3243: 3240: 3237: 3234: 3231: 3229: 3226: 3220: 3219: 3216: 3213: 3210: 3207: 3204: 3201: 3195: 3194: 3191: 3188: 3185: 3182: 3179: 3176: 3170: 3169: 3166: 3164: 3162: 3160: 3158: 3156: 3150: 3149: 3146: 3143: 3140: 3137: 3134: 3131: 3125: 3124: 3121: 3118: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3101: 3100: 3097: 3094: 3091: 3088: 3085: 3082: 3076: 3075: 3072: 3069: 3066: 3063: 3060: 3057: 3051: 3050: 3047: 3044: 3041: 3038: 3036: 3033: 3027: 3026: 3023: 3020: 3017: 3014: 3012: 3009: 3003: 3002: 2999: 2997: 2995: 2993: 2991: 2989: 2983: 2982: 2979: 2976: 2974: 2971: 2968: 2965: 2959: 2958: 2955: 2952: 2949: 2946: 2943: 2940: 2934: 2933: 2930: 2927: 2925: 2922: 2919: 2916: 2910: 2909: 2906: 2903: 2900: 2897: 2894: 2891: 2885: 2884: 2881: 2878: 2875: 2872: 2869: 2866: 2860: 2859: 2856: 2853: 2850: 2847: 2844: 2841: 2835: 2834: 2831: 2829: 2827: 2825: 2823: 2821: 2815: 2814: 2811: 2808: 2805: 2802: 2799: 2796: 2789: 2786: 2764:Main article: 2761: 2758: 2757: 2756: 2753: 2738: 2720: 2717:Cabeza de Vaca 2701: 2695: 2688: 2669:Cuajinicuilapa 2653:Main article: 2650: 2647: 2645: 2642: 2638:jazz guitarist 2468:Main article: 2465: 2462: 2443: 2440: 2413:Main article: 2410: 2407: 2371:Main article: 2368: 2365: 2338:Main article: 2335: 2332: 2276:tribes of the 2247:Main article: 2244: 2241: 2173:Ibrahim Ferrer 2161:Rubén González 2157:Compay Segundo 2141:Gastón Baquero 2107:Main article: 2104: 2101: 2096:Main article: 2093: 2090: 2074:Main article: 2071: 2068: 2020:Miskito Sambus 1937:Main article: 1934: 1931: 1833:Main article: 1830: 1827: 1795:Puerto Barrios 1779:Main article: 1776: 1773: 1764:Main article: 1761: 1758: 1754:Limón Province 1733:Main article: 1730: 1727: 1690: 1687: 1638: 1635: 1623:Allan Phillips 1574:, and Eastern 1539:Main article: 1536: 1533: 1496:Afro-Uruguayan 1494:Main article: 1491: 1488: 1453:Main article: 1450: 1447: 1422:Main article: 1419: 1416: 1366:Main article: 1363: 1360: 1289:Afro-Colombian 1287:Main article: 1284: 1281: 1253:Main article: 1250: 1247: 1228:Rio de Janeiro 1116:Rio Branco Law 1079:Proportion of 1063:Afro-Brazilian 1058: 1055: 1039:Spanish empire 992:Main article: 989: 986: 977:Main article: 974: 971: 969: 966: 945: 942: 912: 909: 670: 667: 631:Afro-Brazilian 538: 537: 519: 518: 514: 513: 494: 493: 489: 488: 484:, and several 462: 461: 457: 456: 453: 439: 438: 435: 421: 420: 417: 403: 402: 399: 385: 384: 381: 367: 366: 363: 349: 348: 345: 331: 330: 327: 313: 312: 309: 295: 294: 291: 277: 276: 273: 259: 258: 255: 241: 240: 237: 223: 222: 219: 205: 204: 201: 187: 186: 183: 167: 166: 163: 149: 148: 145: 131: 130: 127: 113: 112: 109: 93: 92: 89: 75: 74: 71: 57: 56: 52: 51: 48: 38: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10298: 10287: 10284: 10282: 10279: 10277: 10274: 10272: 10269: 10267: 10264: 10262: 10259: 10258: 10256: 10241: 10238: 10236: 10233: 10232: 10229: 10213: 10210: 10209: 10208: 10205: 10203: 10200: 10198: 10197:Ethnic groups 10195: 10191: 10188: 10187: 10186: 10183: 10182: 10179: 10176: 10174: 10170: 10164: 10161: 10157: 10154: 10152: 10149: 10148: 10147: 10144: 10142: 10139: 10137: 10134: 10132: 10129: 10127: 10124: 10122: 10119: 10117: 10114: 10110: 10107: 10106: 10105: 10102: 10100: 10097: 10096: 10094: 10092: 10088: 10082: 10079: 10077: 10074: 10072: 10069: 10067: 10064: 10060: 10057: 10056: 10055: 10052: 10048: 10045: 10044: 10043: 10040: 10039: 10036: 10033: 10029: 10019: 10016: 10014: 10011: 10009: 10006: 10004: 10001: 9999: 9996: 9992: 9989: 9988: 9987: 9984: 9983: 9980: 9977: 9975: 9971: 9961: 9958: 9956: 9953: 9951: 9948: 9946: 9943: 9941: 9938: 9936: 9933: 9931: 9928: 9927: 9925: 9921: 9918: 9914: 9904: 9901: 9900: 9897: 9894: 9890: 9880: 9879:United States 9877: 9875: 9872: 9870: 9867: 9865: 9862: 9860: 9857: 9855: 9852: 9850: 9847: 9845: 9842: 9840: 9837: 9836: 9834: 9830: 9824: 9821: 9819: 9816: 9814: 9811: 9809: 9806: 9804: 9801: 9799: 9796: 9794: 9793:Environmental 9791: 9789: 9786: 9785: 9783: 9779: 9773: 9770: 9768: 9765: 9763: 9760: 9758: 9755: 9753: 9750: 9748: 9745: 9743: 9740: 9738: 9735: 9734: 9732: 9728: 9725: 9723: 9719: 9714: 9713:Latin America 9707: 9702: 9700: 9695: 9693: 9688: 9687: 9684: 9672: 9664: 9662: 9654: 9653: 9650: 9638: 9635: 9634: 9633: 9630: 9628: 9625: 9623: 9620: 9618: 9615: 9613: 9610: 9608: 9605: 9603: 9600: 9598: 9595: 9591: 9588: 9586: 9583: 9581: 9578: 9576: 9573: 9571: 9568: 9567: 9566: 9563: 9561: 9558: 9556: 9553: 9551: 9548: 9547: 9545: 9539: 9533: 9530: 9526: 9523: 9522: 9521: 9518: 9517: 9515: 9509: 9501: 9498: 9496: 9493: 9491: 9488: 9487: 9485: 9481: 9478: 9476: 9473: 9472: 9470: 9469: 9467: 9463: 9455: 9452: 9451: 9450:Sierra Leone 9449: 9445: 9442: 9440: 9437: 9436: 9434: 9430: 9427: 9426: 9424: 9420: 9417: 9415: 9412: 9411: 9409: 9408: 9406: 9404: 9400: 9397: 9393:Afro-American 9389: 9379: 9376: 9375: 9373: 9369: 9361: 9358: 9357: 9356: 9353: 9351: 9348: 9346: 9343: 9341: 9338: 9334: 9331: 9329: 9326: 9325: 9324: 9321: 9315: 9312: 9311: 9310: 9307: 9306: 9304: 9302: 9299: 9295: 9292: 9290: 9287: 9286: 9285: 9282: 9280: 9277: 9276: 9274: 9269: 9265: 9259: 9256: 9254: 9251: 9247: 9244: 9243: 9242: 9239: 9237: 9234: 9232: 9229: 9227: 9224: 9222: 9219: 9217: 9214: 9210: 9207: 9205: 9202: 9201: 9200: 9197: 9195: 9192: 9190: 9187: 9186: 9184: 9182: 9178: 9170: 9167: 9165: 9162: 9160: 9157: 9155: 9152: 9150: 9147: 9146: 9145: 9142: 9140: 9137: 9135: 9132: 9130: 9127: 9125: 9122: 9120: 9117: 9115: 9112: 9110: 9107: 9105: 9102: 9100: 9097: 9095: 9092: 9090: 9087: 9085: 9082: 9078: 9075: 9074: 9073: 9070: 9068: 9065: 9061: 9058: 9057: 9056: 9053: 9051: 9048: 9046: 9043: 9041: 9038: 9036: 9033: 9031: 9028: 9027: 9025: 9022: 9017: 9013: 9003: 9000: 8998: 8995: 8991: 8988: 8986: 8983: 8981: 8978: 8976: 8973: 8971: 8968: 8967: 8966: 8963: 8961: 8958: 8956: 8953: 8951: 8948: 8944: 8941: 8939: 8936: 8934: 8931: 8930: 8929: 8928:French Guiana 8926: 8924: 8921: 8917: 8914: 8913: 8912: 8909: 8907: 8904: 8900: 8897: 8895: 8892: 8890: 8887: 8886: 8885: 8882: 8880: 8877: 8875: 8872: 8871: 8869: 8863: 8855: 8852: 8850: 8847: 8845: 8844:Somali Bantus 8842: 8840: 8837: 8835: 8832: 8830: 8827: 8825: 8822: 8820: 8817: 8815: 8812: 8810: 8807: 8805: 8802: 8800: 8797: 8793: 8790: 8788: 8785: 8781: 8778: 8776: 8773: 8771: 8768: 8766: 8763: 8761: 8758: 8757: 8756: 8752: 8751:Black Indians 8749: 8747: 8744: 8742: 8739: 8737: 8734: 8732: 8729: 8727: 8724: 8722: 8721:Affrilachians 8719: 8718: 8717: 8714: 8713: 8711: 8707: 8704: 8703: 8702: 8699: 8695: 8692: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8679:New Brunswick 8677: 8675: 8672: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8662: 8661: 8660: 8657: 8656: 8654: 8648: 8640: 8637: 8636: 8635: 8632: 8630: 8627: 8623: 8622:Miskito Sambu 8620: 8619: 8618: 8615: 8613: 8610: 8608: 8605: 8603: 8600: 8598: 8595: 8591: 8588: 8587: 8586: 8583: 8582: 8580: 8574: 8568: 8565: 8561: 8558: 8556: 8555:Dougla people 8553: 8552: 8551: 8548: 8544: 8541: 8540: 8539: 8536: 8534: 8531: 8529: 8526: 8524: 8521: 8517: 8514: 8512: 8509: 8507: 8504: 8503: 8502: 8499: 8495: 8492: 8490: 8487: 8486: 8485: 8482: 8480: 8477: 8473: 8470: 8468: 8465: 8464: 8463: 8460: 8458: 8455: 8453: 8450: 8446: 8445:Ganga-Longoba 8443: 8441: 8438: 8436: 8433: 8432: 8431: 8428: 8426: 8423: 8421: 8418: 8416: 8413: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8403: 8401: 8398: 8396: 8393: 8392: 8390: 8388: 8384: 8381: 8379: 8378:Latin America 8374: 8370: 8367: 8363: 8359: 8352: 8347: 8345: 8340: 8338: 8333: 8332: 8329: 8322: 8319: 8318: 8309: 8306: 8304: 8300: 8297: 8294: 8291: 8288: 8284: 8281: 8278: 8277: 8264: 8258: 8250: 8244: 8225: 8218: 8202: 8198: 8192: 8184: 8178: 8162: 8158: 8152: 8136: 8132: 8126: 8110: 8104: 8088: 8081: 8066: 8060: 8044: 8038: 8022: 8016: 8000: 7994: 7978: 7972: 7966: 7962: 7947: 7941: 7939: 7937: 7935: 7933: 7931: 7922: 7916: 7908: 7902: 7887: 7881: 7865: 7861: 7857: 7851: 7832: 7828: 7820: 7814: 7798: 7790: 7783: 7770: 7766: 7762: 7758: 7754: 7746: 7739: 7737: 7735: 7733: 7731: 7729: 7727: 7725: 7723: 7721: 7705: 7701: 7695: 7687: 7683: 7676: 7668: 7666:9780253108814 7662: 7658: 7651: 7635: 7631: 7625: 7617: 7613: 7609: 7605: 7601: 7597: 7593: 7589: 7585: 7578: 7559: 7552: 7546: 7538: 7532: 7528: 7524: 7520: 7519: 7514: 7508: 7497: 7493: 7489: 7485: 7478: 7471: 7455: 7451: 7445: 7429: 7428: 7421: 7405: 7401: 7395: 7377: 7373: 7366: 7360: 7358: 7342: 7338: 7334: 7328: 7326: 7309: 7305: 7299: 7284: 7283: 7278: 7271: 7263: 7257: 7241: 7237: 7236: 7231: 7224: 7222: 7213: 7209: 7205: 7201: 7197: 7193: 7190:(3): 126–46. 7189: 7185: 7178: 7176: 7160: 7156: 7155: 7150: 7144: 7136: 7132: 7125: 7117: 7113: 7108: 7103: 7098: 7093: 7089: 7085: 7084:PLOS Genetics 7081: 7073: 7057: 7053: 7047: 7039: 7035: 7029: 7013: 7007: 6999: 6993: 6977: 6973: 6967: 6952: 6946: 6931: 6927: 6921: 6913: 6911:9780801844584 6907: 6902: 6901: 6892: 6883: 6882: 6873: 6865: 6858: 6850: 6843: 6835: 6833:9780465000715 6829: 6824: 6823: 6814: 6798: 6792: 6773: 6765: 6759: 6743: 6739: 6735: 6731: 6727: 6723: 6719: 6715: 6711: 6707: 6700: 6684: 6678: 6659: 6653: 6637: 6631: 6616: 6615: 6610: 6603: 6587: 6583: 6579: 6573: 6557: 6550: 6544: 6536: 6532: 6527: 6522: 6517: 6512: 6508: 6504: 6503: 6502:PLOS Genetics 6498: 6491: 6475: 6471: 6464: 6448: 6444: 6438: 6430: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6412: 6408: 6404: 6400: 6396: 6389: 6380: 6375: 6371: 6367: 6363: 6356: 6349: 6343: 6336: 6335:History Today 6332: 6329:John Geipel, 6326: 6324: 6315: 6313:9780253021441 6309: 6305: 6298: 6290: 6286: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6262: 6258: 6255:(2): e17063. 6254: 6250: 6246: 6238: 6222: 6218: 6212: 6201: 6195: 6180: 6176: 6170: 6155: 6151: 6145: 6130: 6129:Atlas Obscura 6126: 6120: 6104: 6100: 6094: 6086: 6082: 6078: 6074: 6070: 6066: 6058: 6050: 6046: 6040: 6021: 6017: 6011: 5992: 5988: 5982: 5963: 5959: 5953: 5937: 5933: 5927: 5911: 5905: 5889: 5883: 5867: 5863: 5857: 5841: 5835: 5819: 5813: 5797: 5793: 5787: 5772: 5771: 5766: 5759: 5743: 5739: 5733: 5717: 5711: 5695: 5691: 5687: 5683: 5677: 5661: 5657: 5656: 5651: 5644: 5642: 5640: 5638: 5621: 5617: 5611: 5602: 5593: 5584: 5568: 5564: 5558: 5550: 5544: 5540: 5533: 5525: 5523:0-5218-1931-8 5519: 5515: 5511: 5504: 5502: 5490: 5486: 5482: 5478: 5474: 5470: 5466: 5459: 5452: 5450: 5441: 5435: 5430: 5429: 5420: 5404: 5397: 5391: 5372: 5365: 5363: 5354: 5350: 5343: 5335: 5331: 5327: 5323: 5319: 5315: 5308: 5292: 5288: 5282: 5274: 5268: 5264: 5260: 5253: 5245: 5239: 5220: 5213: 5207: 5200: 5196: 5193: 5188: 5186: 5174: 5168: 5166: 5154: 5148: 5146: 5137: 5131: 5129: 5112: 5108: 5102: 5094: 5090: 5083: 5075: 5071: 5065: 5063: 5054: 5048: 5033: 5029: 5028:"Puerto Rico" 5023: 5015: 5009: 5005: 5004: 4997: 4995: 4986: 4980: 4978: 4971: 4966: 4947: 4941: 4939: 4932: 4927: 4908: 4902: 4900: 4891: 4885: 4866: 4862: 4855: 4849: 4841: 4835: 4828:. March 2023. 4827: 4821: 4806: 4800: 4796: 4795: 4790: 4784: 4776: 4770: 4762: 4756: 4740: 4736: 4730: 4722: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4695: 4690: 4686: 4682: 4681:PLOS Genetics 4678: 4670: 4662: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4644: 4640: 4636: 4632: 4628: 4624: 4623:PLOS Genetics 4620: 4613: 4605: 4601: 4596: 4591: 4587: 4583: 4578: 4573: 4569: 4565: 4564:PLOS Genetics 4561: 4553: 4545: 4539: 4537: 4528: 4522: 4520: 4500: 4494: 4492: 4487: 4473: 4472: 4467: 4463: 4457: 4453: 4445: 4444: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4289:Afro-Mexicans 4287: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4279:Afro-Haitians 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4234:Afro-Chileans 4232: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4222: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4190: 4187: 4186: 4176: 4173: 4170: 4167: 4164: 4161: 4158: 4155: 4152: 4149: 4146: 4143: 4140: 4137: 4134: 4131: 4128: 4125: 4122: 4119: 4116: 4115:Selenis Leyva 4113: 4110: 4107: 4104: 4101: 4098: 4095: 4092: 4089: 4086: 4083: 4080: 4077: 4074: 4071: 4068: 4065: 4062: 4059: 4056: 4053: 4050: 4047: 4045: 4041: 4038: 4035: 4032: 4029: 4026: 4023: 4020: 4017: 4014: 4011: 4008: 4005: 4002: 3999: 3996: 3993: 3990: 3987: 3984: 3981: 3978: 3975: 3972: 3969: 3966: 3963: 3960: 3957: 3954: 3951: 3948: 3945: 3942: 3939: 3936: 3933: 3930: 3927: 3924: 3921: 3920:Julio Teherán 3918: 3915: 3912: 3909: 3906: 3903: 3900: 3897: 3894: 3891: 3890:Jonathan Cafú 3888: 3885: 3882: 3879: 3876: 3873: 3870: 3867: 3864: 3861: 3858: 3855: 3852: 3849: 3846: 3843: 3842:Hanna Gabriel 3840: 3837: 3834: 3831: 3828: 3825: 3822: 3819: 3816: 3813: 3810: 3807: 3804: 3801: 3798: 3795: 3792: 3789: 3788:Eliezer Gomes 3786: 3783: 3780: 3777: 3774: 3771: 3770:Douglas Silva 3768: 3765: 3762: 3759: 3756: 3754: 3750: 3746: 3743: 3740: 3737: 3734: 3731: 3728: 3725: 3722: 3719: 3716: 3715:Dania Ramirez 3713: 3710: 3707: 3704: 3701: 3698: 3695: 3692: 3689: 3686: 3683: 3680: 3677: 3674: 3671: 3668: 3665: 3662: 3659: 3656: 3653: 3651: 3647: 3643: 3640: 3637: 3634: 3631: 3628: 3625: 3624:Antônio Géder 3622: 3619: 3616: 3613: 3610: 3607: 3604: 3601: 3598: 3595: 3592: 3591: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3569: 3566: 3558: 3555:February 2023 3548: 3544: 3540: 3534: 3533: 3529: 3524:This section 3522: 3518: 3513: 3512: 3499: 3496: 3493: 3485: 3483: 3480: 3479: 3475: 3462: 3460: 3459:United States 3457: 3456: 3452: 3450: 3448: 3446: 3444: 3442: 3440: 3439:North America 3437: 3436: 3432: 3429: 3426: 3418: 3416: 3413: 3412: 3408: 3394: 3392: 3391:French Guiana 3389: 3388: 3384: 3381: 3370: 3368: 3365: 3364: 3360: 3357: 3346: 3344: 3341: 3340: 3336: 3328: 3325: 3322: 3320: 3317: 3316: 3312: 3309: 3306: 3298: 3296: 3293: 3292: 3288: 3275: 3273: 3270: 3269: 3265: 3262: 3251: 3249: 3246: 3245: 3241: 3238: 3235: 3227: 3225: 3222: 3221: 3217: 3214: 3211: 3208: 3205: 3202: 3200: 3197: 3196: 3192: 3189: 3186: 3183: 3180: 3177: 3175: 3172: 3171: 3167: 3165: 3163: 3161: 3159: 3157: 3155: 3154:South America 3152: 3151: 3147: 3144: 3141: 3135: 3132: 3130: 3127: 3126: 3122: 3119: 3116: 3108: 3106: 3103: 3102: 3098: 3095: 3092: 3089: 3086: 3083: 3081: 3078: 3077: 3073: 3070: 3067: 3064: 3061: 3058: 3056: 3053: 3052: 3048: 3045: 3042: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3028: 3024: 3021: 3018: 3010: 3008: 3005: 3004: 3000: 2998: 2996: 2994: 2992: 2990: 2988: 2985: 2984: 2980: 2966: 2964: 2961: 2960: 2956: 2953: 2950: 2941: 2939: 2936: 2935: 2931: 2923: 2920: 2917: 2915: 2912: 2911: 2907: 2904: 2901: 2898: 2895: 2892: 2890: 2887: 2886: 2882: 2879: 2876: 2867: 2865: 2862: 2861: 2857: 2854: 2851: 2842: 2840: 2837: 2836: 2832: 2830: 2828: 2826: 2824: 2822: 2820: 2817: 2816: 2812: 2809: 2806: 2803: 2800: 2797: 2794: 2793: 2785: 2783: 2779: 2774: 2767: 2760:United States 2754: 2751: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2721: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2699: 2696: 2693: 2689: 2686: 2682: 2681: 2680: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2661: 2656: 2655:Afro-Mexicans 2644:North America 2641: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2618: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2591: 2586: 2585: 2579: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2513: 2512:one-drop rule 2508: 2504: 2499: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2471: 2461: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2439: 2437: 2433: 2431: 2430:Guinean Coast 2427: 2423: 2416: 2406: 2402: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2374: 2373:Afro-Haitians 2364: 2362: 2358: 2356: 2355:Guinean Coast 2352: 2348: 2341: 2331: 2329: 2324: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2311:, baseballer 2310: 2309:Antony Santos 2306: 2301: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2270: 2268: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2250: 2240: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2221:Richard Egües 2218: 2217:Orestes López 2214: 2210: 2206: 2205:Pablo Milanés 2202: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2189:Chucho Valdés 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2145:Nancy Morejón 2142: 2138: 2133: 2130: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2110: 2099: 2089: 2087: 2082: 2077: 2067: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2008: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1950: 1945: 1940: 1930: 1926: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1911: 1906: 1904: 1900: 1899:Saint Vincent 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1879: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1860:blood quantum 1856: 1854: 1851:According to 1846: 1841: 1836: 1835:Afro-Honduran 1826: 1822: 1818: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1782: 1772: 1767: 1757: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1742: 1736: 1726: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1707:Cayo District 1704: 1700: 1696: 1686: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1634: 1633:are mulatto. 1632: 1631:Susan Carrizo 1628: 1624: 1620: 1619:Morella Muñoz 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1595: 1593: 1589: 1583: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1572:Aragua States 1569: 1565: 1561: 1552: 1547: 1542: 1532: 1530: 1526: 1520: 1517: 1516: 1507: 1502: 1497: 1487: 1485: 1481: 1476: 1474: 1468: 1461: 1456: 1455:Afro-Peruvian 1446: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1425: 1415: 1413: 1412: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1369: 1359: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1343: 1339: 1338:Freddy Rincón 1335: 1331: 1330: 1325: 1321: 1315: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1290: 1280: 1277: 1273: 1268: 1266: 1262: 1256: 1244: 1239: 1235: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1178:Yoruba people 1175: 1170: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1155: 1150: 1149: 1144: 1143: 1137: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1126: 1121: 1117: 1111: 1109: 1105: 1098: 1094: 1089: 1082: 1077: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1054: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1022:Conquistadors 1018: 1016: 1008: 1004: 1000: 995: 994:Afro-Bolivian 985: 980: 968:South America 965: 963: 960: 956: 952: 941: 939: 934: 930: 926: 922: 918: 904: 896: 892: 890: 885: 881: 879: 875: 871: 867: 863: 859: 855: 851: 847: 843: 839: 835: 831: 827: 823: 819: 815: 811: 807: 803: 799: 795: 790: 788: 784: 780: 776: 775: 770: 766: 765: 760: 756: 752: 748: 744: 743: 734: 733:Black African 729: 725: 723: 719: 718:Juan Valiente 715: 711: 707: 703: 699: 695: 692: 688: 684: 680: 676: 666: 664: 660: 656: 652: 647: 645: 644: 639: 638: 633: 632: 627: 623: 619: 615: 610: 605: 604: 599: 594: 589: 588: 583: 579: 578: 573: 572:Latin America 569: 564: 562: 558: 554: 553: 548: 544: 536: 532: 528: 524: 520: 515: 511: 507: 506:Protestantism 503: 499: 495: 490: 487: 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 463: 458: 454: 452: 440: 436: 434: 422: 418: 416: 404: 400: 398: 386: 382: 380: 368: 364: 362: 350: 346: 344: 332: 328: 326: 314: 310: 308: 296: 292: 290: 278: 274: 272: 260: 256: 254: 242: 238: 236: 224: 220: 218: 206: 202: 200: 188: 184: 181: 180:United States 168: 164: 162: 150: 146: 144: 132: 128: 126: 114: 110: 107: 94: 90: 88: 76: 72: 70: 58: 53: 46: 37: 33: 19: 10173:Demographics 9767:World War II 9378:Saint Helena 9314:in Karnataka 9231:Saudi Arabia 8799:Brass Ankles 8440:Cape Verdean 8377: 8289: 8257: 8243: 8231:. Retrieved 8217: 8205:. Retrieved 8201:the original 8191: 8177: 8165:. Retrieved 8160: 8151: 8139:. Retrieved 8135:the original 8125: 8113:. Retrieved 8103: 8091:. Retrieved 8080: 8068:. Retrieved 8059: 8047:. Retrieved 8043:"Censo 2022" 8037: 8025:. Retrieved 8015: 8003:. Retrieved 7993: 7981:. Retrieved 7971: 7950:. Retrieved 7915: 7901: 7889:. Retrieved 7880: 7868:. Retrieved 7859: 7850: 7838:. Retrieved 7831:the original 7826: 7813: 7801:. Retrieved 7799:(in Spanish) 7796: 7782: 7769:the original 7756: 7753:Convergencia 7752: 7707:. Retrieved 7694: 7685: 7675: 7656: 7650: 7638:. Retrieved 7633: 7624: 7591: 7587: 7577: 7565:. Retrieved 7558:the original 7545: 7517: 7507: 7496:the original 7483: 7470: 7458:. Retrieved 7444: 7432:. Retrieved 7426: 7420: 7408:. Retrieved 7403: 7394: 7383:, retrieved 7376:the original 7371: 7345:, retrieved 7341:the original 7336: 7312:. Retrieved 7298: 7286:. Retrieved 7280: 7270: 7256: 7244:. Retrieved 7235:Miami Herald 7233: 7187: 7183: 7162:. 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Retrieved 4865:the original 4860: 4848: 4834: 4820: 4808:. Retrieved 4793: 4783: 4769: 4755: 4743:. Retrieved 4738: 4729: 4684: 4680: 4669: 4626: 4622: 4612: 4567: 4563: 4552: 4506:. Retrieved 4469: 4465: 4462:Afro-Latines 4461: 4456: 4434: 4369:Cape Verdean 4354:Black ladino 4214:Afro-Arubans 4091:Robson Bambu 4049:Oscar D'Leon 4040:Nilo Peçanha 3962:Luiz Adriano 3944:Lázaro Ramos 3836:Grande Otelo 3824:Gilberto Gil 3727:Darlan Cunha 3655:Bruno Cortez 3642:Brian Flores 3561: 3552: 3537:Please help 3525: 3168:137,824,000 2858:+10,896,000 2833:+29,504,000 2788:Distribution 2769: 2749: 2745: 2744:(wild pig), 2741: 2698:Gaspar Yanga 2677: 2619: 2588: 2582: 2580: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2506: 2502: 2500: 2496:Y chromosome 2473: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2445: 2434: 2418: 2403: 2376: 2359: 2343: 2325: 2302: 2278:Congo region 2271: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2237:Esteban Lazo 2233:Juan Almeida 2147:; musicians 2134: 2131: 2112: 2083: 2079: 2009: 1954: 1927: 1907: 1880: 1857: 1850: 1823: 1819: 1811:San Jerónimo 1784: 1769: 1738: 1692: 1679:Panama Canal 1640: 1615:Oscar D'León 1607:Carl Herrera 1596: 1587: 1584: 1580:Merida State 1576:Vargas State 1556: 1525:Jose Artigas 1521: 1513: 1511: 1477: 1469: 1466: 1427: 1409: 1406:Chota Valley 1386:Chota Valley 1371: 1346: 1327: 1316: 1308:Barranquilla 1292: 1271: 1269: 1258: 1255:Afro-Chilean 1232:Minas Gerais 1204:Bantu people 1202: 1181: 1171: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1152: 1146: 1140: 1138: 1123: 1112: 1101: 1053:to Bolivia. 1051:Buenos Aires 1019: 1012: 982: 947: 932: 928: 924: 920: 916: 914: 886: 882: 846:Palo de Mayo 791: 772: 762: 740: 738: 694:Juan Garrido 691:conquistador 672: 648: 643:Afro-Haitian 641: 635: 629: 621: 575: 567: 565: 552:Afro-Latinos 550: 546: 542: 541: 498:Christianity 39:Ethnic group 36: 10163:Video games 9991:Agroecology 9986:Agriculture 9869:South Korea 9772:Debt crisis 9637:Reparations 9602:Black power 9350:New Zealand 9181:Middle East 9134:Switzerland 9094:Netherlands 8809:Dominickers 8684:Nova Scotia 8602:El Salvador 8533:Saint Lucia 8523:Puerto Rico 7870:21 November 7588:Hispanófila 7460:21 November 7012:"Nicaragua" 6556:dane.gov.co 6453:22 December 6227:22 December 5297:3 September 5037:24 February 4916:8 September 4466:Afro-Latinx 4249:Afro-Cubans 4189:Africa Now! 4175:Zoe Saldana 4163:Yasiel Puig 4151:Wifredo Lam 4133:Vágner Love 4127:Susana Baca 3830:Gina Torres 3745:David Ortiz 3739:David Green 3703:Clara Nunes 3667:Bruno Viana 3612:André Bahia 3486:129,150,971 3463:337,341,954 3453:11,395,000 3242:12,334,000 3218:12,359,000 3193:99,066,000 3178:218,689,757 3129:El Salvador 2914:Puerto Rico 2554:, Culebra, 2476:Puerto Rico 2464:Puerto Rico 2229:Tata Güines 2209:Bebo Valdés 2181:Mario Bauzá 2109:Afro-Cubans 2052:St. Vincent 1969:descendants 1965:West Indian 1923:Protestants 1915:Bay Islands 1883:West Indian 1853:Henry Gates 1845:David Suazo 1760:El Salvador 1750:Amerindians 1723:Belize City 1592:Venezuelans 1562:, Northern 1551:Hugo Chávez 1484:Susana Baca 1145:("white"), 1104:2022 census 1093:Quilombolas 921:zambo/chino 731:Map of the 626:nationality 549:(sometimes 512:, or others 451:El Salvador 307:Puerto Rico 10255:Categories 10156:Telenovela 10146:Television 10126:Literature 9923:Governance 9808:Literature 9570:Coromantee 8985:Paramaccan 8899:Quilombola 8839:Melungeons 8597:Costa Rica 8506:Coromantee 8207:13 October 8167:29 January 8161:Otramérica 8141:15 October 8115:15 October 8093:24 January 8070:28 January 8027:15 October 8005:15 October 7983:15 October 7891:5 February 7709:26 January 7567:15 October 7434:14 October 7062:18 October 6781:24 January 6748:14 October 6689:14 October 6620:15 October 6029:15 October 6000:15 October 5971:15 October 5942:14 October 5916:14 October 5894:15 October 5872:14 October 5846:15 October 5824:14 October 5802:14 October 5748:14 October 5722:14 October 5626:18 October 5573:14 October 5380:15 October 5093:Perfil.com 4955:25 January 4874:11 January 4861:www.one.cu 4482:References 4460:The terms 4169:Zé Roberto 4109:Rubén Rada 4097:Ronaldinho 4079:Raúl Cuero 3878:João Alves 3691:Celia Cruz 3636:Ary Borges 3500:4,649,000 3476:6,746,000 3419:18,459,457 3371:12,186,079 3313:1,748,000 3299:17,483,326 3276:46,621,847 3266:3,146,000 3252:32,440,172 3228:49,336,454 3203:30,518,260 3099:1,082,000 3080:Costa Rica 3074:1,150,000 3059:17,980,803 3049:2,025,000 3025:2,043,000 3001:7,980,000 2963:Martinique 2938:Guadeloupe 2932:1,987,000 2908:6,811,000 2893:10,985,984 2883:9,172,000 2868:10,790,744 2843:11,470,271 2798:Population 2692:indigenous 2552:Río Grande 2409:Martinique 2334:Guadeloupe 2321:Al Horford 2313:Sammy Sosa 2153:Benny Moré 2149:Celia Cruz 2054:who speak 1975:and other 1921:-speaking 1791:Livingston 1729:Costa Rica 1671:Costa Rica 1560:Barlovento 1473:Madagascar 1439:Guarambaré 1382:Esmeraldas 1356:Palenquero 1224:Mozambique 1198:Fon people 1091:Brazilian 1047:Montevideo 1030:Cerro Rico 959:green-eyed 938:indigenous 798:Palenquero 714:Estevanico 687:Portuguese 651:statistics 637:Afro-Cuban 628:, such as 598:Portuguese 563:ancestry. 470:Portuguese 361:Costa Rica 147:1,704,000 91:10,896,000 73:20,656,458 10151:Companies 10066:Etiquette 10054:Education 9960:Pink tide 9945:Falangism 9930:Democracy 9892:Geography 9803:Libraries 9730:By period 9391:Secondary 9355:Sri Lanka 9333:Mardijker 9323:Indonesia 9294:Hong Kong 9289:Guangzhou 9279:Australia 9226:Palestine 9154:Liverpool 9149:Cambridge 9002:Venezuela 8874:Argentina 8629:Nicaragua 8607:Guatemala 8387:Caribbean 8365:Geography 8280:Oro Negro 8111:. Cia.gov 8065:"Uruguay" 8023:. Cia.gov 8001:. Cia.gov 7979:. Cia.gov 7765:1405-1435 7616:201341916 7608:2165-6185 7492:1562-5028 7406:. Cia.gov 7212:143800188 7157:. The US 6982:29 August 6935:29 August 5334:246049620 5228:31 August 5117:4 October 4703:1553-7404 4643:1553-7404 4586:1553-7404 4409:Négritude 3926:June Beer 3526:does not 3347:7,439,863 3323:3,416,264 3272:Argentina 3199:Venezuela 3133:6,602,370 3109:6,359,689 3105:Nicaragua 3084:5,256,612 3055:Guatemala 3035:4,404,108 3011:9,551,352 2918:3,057,311 2819:Caribbean 2544:Canóvanas 2201:X Alfonso 2197:Anga Díaz 2092:Caribbean 2032:Garifunas 1997:Congolese 1933:Nicaragua 1807:Amatitlán 1775:Guatemala 1657:, are of 1655:Nicaragua 1647:Guatemala 1535:Venezuela 1435:Emboscada 1408:there is 1398:Guayaquil 1304:Cartagena 1194:Candomblé 1125:Lei Áurea 1043:Cartagena 973:Argentina 933:mestizaje 814:Candomblé 810:religions 755:Guatemala 747:Nicaragua 566:The term 460:Languages 379:Guatemala 343:Argentina 271:Nicaragua 217:Venezuela 203:1,034,044 185:1,163,862 165:1,258,915 129:2,576,213 111:4,671,160 10235:Category 10141:Religion 10076:HIV/AIDS 10071:Feminism 9916:Politics 9818:Brujería 9813:Military 9788:Catholic 9781:By topic 9661:Category 9511:Asia and 9480:Haitians 9435:Nigeria 9425:Liberia 9395:diaspora 9371:Atlantic 9345:Malaysia 9246:Africans 9164:Scotland 9109:Portugal 9030:Abkhazia 8990:Saramaka 8965:Suriname 8955:Paraguay 8943:Saramaka 8911:Colombia 8889:Kalungas 8819:Garifuna 8755:Freedmen 8706:Mascogos 8639:Cimarrón 8612:Honduras 8590:Garifuna 8560:Merikins 8543:Garifuna 8457:Dominica 8415:Barbados 8395:Anguilla 8373:Americas 8299:Archived 8233:3 August 7864:Archived 7862:. 2020. 7840:10 March 7803:10 March 7640:29 March 7515:(1996). 7454:Archived 7410:11 March 7385:18 April 7347:18 April 7308:Archived 7240:Archived 7116:25058410 7034:"Panama" 7018:18 April 6956:18 April 6803:14 April 6738:34341356 6730:15101054 6586:Archived 6562:18 April 6535:26636962 6480:29 March 6289:21359226 6249:PLOS ONE 6221:Archived 6085:23948324 5770:Newsweek 5694:Archived 5660:Archived 5485:32438550 5353:The Root 5320:: 1–15. 5238:cite web 5195:Archived 4884:cite web 4791:(2010). 4721:25254375 4661:30401458 4604:26636962 4182:See also 3751:and the 3433:184,000 3409:194,000 3385:243,000 3361:260,000 3343:Paraguay 3337:286,000 3289:302,936 3224:Colombia 3148:508,000 3123:725,000 3007:Honduras 2981:319,000 2957:319,000 2735:Acapulco 2727:Campeche 2723:Veracruz 2673:Guerrero 2556:Luquillo 2540:Patillas 2536:Carolina 2528:San Juan 2428:and the 2353:and the 2267:El Cibao 2060:Rama Cay 2056:Garifuna 1985:Garífuna 1895:Garifuna 1829:Honduras 1787:Garifuna 1719:Dangriga 1703:Garifuna 1659:Garífuna 1651:Honduras 1605:forward 1568:Carabobo 1443:Asunción 1418:Paraguay 1384:and the 1374:Montubio 1322:and the 1283:Colombia 1265:Santiago 1261:Africans 1210:and the 1154:indígena 1134:Pedro II 1097:Brasília 878:merengue 866:capoeira 858:merengue 818:Santería 802:Garífuna 794:language 751:Honduras 742:garífuna 679:Americas 523:Africans 500:(mainly 492:Religion 433:Paraguay 325:Honduras 106:Colombia 10116:Cuisine 10091:Culture 10031:Society 10008:Tourism 9974:Economy 9903:Regions 9823:Slavery 9722:History 9671:Commons 9632:Slavery 9622:Maroons 9541:Related 9513:Oceania 9471:France 9360:Kaffirs 9272:Oceania 9139:Ukraine 9114:Romania 9084:Ireland 9067:Germany 9050:Finland 9045:Denmark 9040:Belgium 9035:Austria 8997:Uruguay 8975:Matawai 8923:Ecuador 8894:Macombo 8879:Bolivia 8867:America 8689:Ontario 8652:America 8578:America 8576:Central 8501:Jamaica 8489:Marabou 8479:Grenada 8452:Curaçao 8420:Bermuda 8410:Bahamas 8049:8 March 8045:. INDEC 7965:Image 2 7961:Image 1 7952:10 June 7314:13 June 7288:13 June 7246:13 June 7204:2634170 7164:13 June 7107:4109857 6667:5 March 6642:7 March 6526:4670080 6429:7815439 6420:1050080 6280:3040205 6257:Bibcode 6205:. 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