2413:. This hypothesis had Agatha born in Hungary after her parents divorced, her mother being pregnant when she left Bulgaria, yet would entail her mother naming her after the mother of the Bulgarian prince who had just rejected her. Traditional dates of this divorce would seem to preclude the suggested relationship, but the article re-examined some long-standing assumptions about the chronology of Gavril Radomir's marriage to the Hungarian princess, and concludes that its dating to the late 980s is unsupportable, and that its dissolution belongs in c. 1009–1014. The argument was based almost exclusively on the onomastic precedent but is said to vindicate the intimate connection between Agatha and Hungary attested in the Medieval sources. Mladjov speculated further that the medieval testimony could largely be harmonized were one to posit that Agatha's mother was the same Hungarian princess who married
3455:. Ravilious and MichaelAnne Guido subsequently published an article setting forth further evidence concerning the hypothesized Polish parentage of Agatha, including the derivation of the name Agatha (and of her putative sister Gertrude of Poland) from the names of saints associated with the abbey of Nivelles. This argument is further supported by the replacement by Andrew I of Hungary (husband of Anastasia of Kiev) of his brother Béla as his heir apparent with his young son Salomon in 1057. If Agatha had been Andrew's sister-in-law, and aunt of Salomon, this act by King Andrew would have strengthened her bonds and those of her husband Edward to Hungary's future: however, if Agatha was a sister-in-law to Béla (husband of
2889:
and consequently likely to be less reliable than a source contemporary with her. Purely in an attempt to show that not all avenues have been fully pursued in the effort to identify Agatha, Parsons pointed to the documented existence of a German Count
Cristinus, whose given name might explain the name Christina for Agatha's daughter. Count Cristinus married a Saxon noblewoman, Oda of Haldensleben, who is hypothesized to have been maternally a granddaughter of Vladimir I of Kiev by a German kinswoman of Emperor Henry III. Parsons also noted that Edward could have married twice, with the contradictory primary record in part reflecting confusion between distinct wives.
1417:
27:
1014:
and
Giselle were indeed Agatha's parents, her offspring would have had a strong claim to the Hungarian crown. Actually, there is no indication in Hungarian sources that any of Stephen's children outlived him. Likewise, all of the solutions involving Henry II would seem to make Agatha much older than her husband, and prohibitively old at the time of the birth of her last child, Edgar.
2353:, that the tradition of imperial connections had confused which Empire was involved. However, he subsequently studied the sources and particularly the chronology of this dynasty in more detail and concluded that this solution was unlikely, though he did favor a reconstruction making Yaroslav the son, rather than the step-son, of the Byzantine princess
2349:
whether one accepts the testimony of John of
Worcester (Salian) or William of Malmesbury (Slavic) as representing the earliest, most accurate version of her ancestry. He would later point out the occurrence of the name Maria in the next generation of the Kievan dynasty, and suggested that Agatha could instead have been sister of the Byzantine wife of
2417:, his family fleeing to Kiev after his downfall, thereby allowing a Russian marriage for Agatha. He subsequently revised his hypothesis, suggesting that Agatha was instead daughter of Hungarian king Samuel Aba, whom he in turn hypothesized was son of Gavril and his Hungarian wife. This would conflict with the
4624:
It has been argued that
Ingigerd's original Christian name was Margaret. Whatever the truth, the names Margaret and Cristina were not explicitly recorded in Sweden before the twelfth century. For details, see: Ф.Б. Успенский. Скандинавы-Варяги-Русь: Историко-филологические очерки. Moscow, 2002. Pages
2400:
could possibly have been an ancestor of Edward the Exile's spouse. Some of the other names associated with Agatha and used to corroborate theories based in onomastics were present within the
Bulgarian ruling family at the time, including Mary and several Davids. Mladjov initially inferred that Agatha
2387:
was ever raised with regard to these marriages. He argued that the documentary testimony of Agatha's origins is tainted or late, and concurred with
Humphreys' evaluation that the names of the children and grandchildren of Agatha, so central to prior reevaluations, may have had non-family origins (for
2378:
In response to the recent flurry of activity on the subject, Ian
Mladjov reevaluated the question and presented an alternative Bulgarian origin for Agatha. He dismissed each of the prior theories in turn as insufficiently grounded and incompatible given the historical record, and further argued that
2348:
was one of the most popular books in eleventh-century Kiev, and it was a common name in the Greek-influenced
Orthodox tradition. Humphreys would review the two main types of hypotheses, which he called the Salian and the Slavic theories, and pointed out that the critical evidence in weighing them is
2888:
represents the earliest-surviving testimony, and argues that it was contemporary with Agatha and was very probably well informed in reporting an
Imperial kinship. Parsons stresses that the sources claiming Russian parentage for Agatha, and her kinship with a Hungarian queen, are of much later date,
2874:
This solution fails to conform with any of the relationships appearing in the primary record. It is inferred that the relative familiarity with
Germany and unfamiliarity with Hungary partly distorted the depiction of Agatha in the English sources; by this reconstruction she would have been niece of
1013:
As tempting as it may be to thus view St. Margaret as a granddaughter of another famous saint, Stephen of Hungary, this popular solution fails to explain why Stephen's death triggered a dynastic crisis in Hungary, or at least that Agatha's family failed to play a role in that strife. If St. Stephen
1405:. Following Jetté's logic, Edward's wife was another daughter of Yaroslav. In so doing, he mirrored a solution to Agatha's paternity put forward in 1894 by William Ferrand Felch, who had been led to examine the question upon learning that Elias Reusner writing in 1592 had placed her as daughter of
383:
names to be expected given her husband's membership of the royal family of Wessex, or else are names not typical of western Europe. There is speculation that the latter derive from Agatha's eastern European ancestry. Specifically, her own name, the names of her daughters Cristina and Margaret, and
2392:, having played a critical role in the marriage of Malcolm and Margaret, may have inspired their use of that name). However, he then focused in on the name of Agatha as being critical to determining her origin. He concluded that of the few contemporaries named Agatha, only
2883:
In 2002, in an article meant not only to refute the Kievan hypothesis, but also to broaden the field of possible alternatives beyond the competing German Imperial and Kievan reconstructions, John Carmi Parsons presented a novel possibility. He pointed out that the
4547:, Prosographica et Genealogica, Vol. 3 (2000), pp. 14-56, shows several genealogical groupings of individuals in Germany at this time with seemingly Eastern names, including another Agatha. He indicates several possible sources (e.g. the marriages of Emperor
4638:
of Kiev, in which he likened Vladimir (i.e., grandfather of Andrew's wife) to the victorious David and Yaroslav (i.e., Andrew's father-in-law) to the wise Solomon. The comparison became so popular that later historians assigned to Yaroslav the sobriquet
1489:—likewise extraordinary for Britain at that time, have also been suggested as clues. The names Margaret and Cristina are today associated with Sweden, the native country of Yaroslav's wife Ingigerd. The name of Margaret's son, David, mirrors that of
4610:
about the same time Edward would have married Agatha. If Agatha was Yaroslav's sister (rather than daughter as Jetté thought), she would still have close ties to the Hungarian royal family. For instance, one of Yaroslav's sisters was married to
189:. As the birth of her children is speculatively placed at around the year 1045, her own birth was probably before about 1030. She came to England with her husband and children in 1057, but was widowed shortly after her arrival. Following the
1041:, probably the former based on more favourable chronology. De Vajay reevaluated the chronology of the marriages and children of Gisela and concluded that Agatha was the daughter of Henry III's elder (uterine) half-brother,
218:
Agatha's origin is alluded to in numerous surviving medieval sources, but the information they provide is sometimes imprecise, often contradictory, and occasionally demonstrably false. The earliest-surviving source, the
4432:, Vol. 49, No.3 (September 2002), pp. 71-72. He follows Moriarty in discounting the Henry III connection of Herzog (and later de Vajay), instead leaning towards Saint Stephen as her father and Henry II her uncle.
378:
analysis has also been brought to bear on the question. The name Agatha itself is rare in western Europe at this time. Likewise, those of her children and grandchildren are either drawn from the pool of
748:
While various sources repeat the claims that Agatha was daughter or sister of either Emperor Henry, it seems unlikely that such a sibling or daughter would have been ignored by the German chroniclers.
4705:
Eврoпeӣcкият Югoизтoк Прeз Втopaтa Пoлoвина на X-начaлoтo на XI Вeк: Иcтopия и Култуpa (South-Eastern Europe in the Second Half of the 10th-the Beginning of the 11th Centuries: History and Culture)
185:
Nothing is known of Agatha's early life, and what speculation has appeared is inextricably linked to the contentious issue of Agatha's paternity, one of the unresolved questions of medieval
1029:
popularised another idea first suggested in 1939. In that year, Jozsef Herzog published an analysis suggesting that Agatha was daughter of one of Henry's half-brothers, born to his mother
4356:, vol. 7, no. 2 (Spring 1962), pp. 71-80; Gábor Klaniczay, Holy rulers and blessed princesses: dynastic cults in medieval central Europe, Cambridge University Press, 2002, p. 132-133
4496:. At the time of their marriages, both Harald and Andrew were just like Edward, landless claimants to foreign thrones who found shelter and support in distant but powerful Kiev.
4420:, vol. 152, (April 1998). Norman Ingham supported Jetté in two articles: "A Slavist's View of Agatha, Wife of Edward the Exile, as a Possible Daughter of Yaroslav the Wise" in
41:
1451:, and could thus reasonably be expected to be aware of their descent, recorded around 1120 that Edward went to the land of the Rus and that there he married a noblewoman.
4602:, seems to have been a German princess, who could have been described as "filia germani imperatoris Henrici". It is generally accepted that their daughter
3868:
2364:. The connection seems too notable to be omitted from contemporary sources, yet there is no indication that medieval chroniclers were aware of it. An
4428:, vol. 25 (1998 ), pp. 231-70. Gregory Lauder-Frost, summarized numerous early sources and the various theories: "Agatha-The Ancestry Dispute", in
4416:
4258:
4581:А.Ф. Литвина, Ф.Б. Успенский. Выбор имени у русских князей в X-XVI вв.: Династическая история сквозь призму антропонимики. Moscow: Indrik, 2006.
4458:(Frankfort: Nicholai Bassaei, 1592), part V, p. 3. Felch dismisses the connection on chronological grounds, but while Reusner names Agatha as
2875:
the King of Hungary (Stephen I), who was himself the brother-in-law of the Holy Roman Emperor (Henry II, and therefore kinsman of Henry III).
4292:
45:
4703:
Mladjov, Ian. "Bulgarians and Magyars as Allies and Rivals across the Early Medieval Frontier", in V. Gjuzelev and G. N. Nikolov, eds.,
4650:
Die ahnen der hochmitterlaterlichen deutschen Konige, Kaiser und ihrer Gemahlinnen, Ein kommetiertes Tafelwerk, Band I: 997-1137, Teil 2
4570:
Die ahnen der hochmitterlaterlichen deutschen Konige, Kaiser und ihrer Gemahlinnen, Ein kommetiertes Tafelwerk, Band I: 997-1137, Teil 2
4512:
Die ahnen der hochmitterlaterlichen deutschen Konige, Kaiser und ihrer Gemahlinnen, Ein kommetiertes Tafelwerk, Band I: 997-1137, Teil 2
1381:
and several later chronicles unambiguously state that Agatha's sister was a Queen of Hungary. From what is known about the biography of
4484:
It has been suggested that Agatha is one of four or five daughters of Yaroslav shown next to him in the eleventh-century fresco in the
4528:
Aedwardus accepit ibi uxorem ex nobili genere, de qua ortus est ei Eadgarus atheling et Margareta regina Scotie et Cristina soror eius
3451:
of Poland by his German wife, making her kinswoman of both Emperors Henry, as well as sister of a Hungarian queen, who was married to
2360:
One inference from the Kievan theory is that Edgar Ætheling and St. Margaret would have been, through their mother, first cousins of
1436:
4414:
supported the Liudolf connection, "The Origin of Agatha-The Debate Continues: The Parents of Agatha, Wife of Edward The Exile" in
2344:
The name of Margaret's other son, Alexander, may point to a variety of traditions, both occidental and oriental: the biography of
1017:
Based on a more strict translation of the Latin description used by John of Worcester and others as well as the supposition that
498:
174:
143:
2410:
1478:, while some members of his family were named after other members of the imperial dynasty. Agatha could have been one of these.
4846:
1471:
1448:
732:
393:
4841:
4811:
1432:
that, while living in Kiev, Edward took a native-born wife "of noble parentage" or that his father-in-law was a "Rus king".
4826:
4770:
2370:
regarding this relationship has been a factor leading critics of the Kievan theory to search for alternative explanations.
4836:
4462:
he used the name Cnut for both the king now remembered by that name and for his son Harthacnut, so his intent is unclear.
4160:
3859:
3456:
2589:
2393:
1493:, like his elder brother Solomon a son of Andrew I of Hungary and Anastasia of Kiev. Furthermore, the first saint of the
4598:
According to one theory, Agatha was not a daughter but sister of Yaroslav. Indeed, the last wife of Yaroslav's father,
4750:
MichaelAnne Guido and John P. Ravilious, "From Theophanu to St. Margaret of Scotland: A study of Agatha's ancestry",
4586:
4275:
3194:
67:
4661:
William Humphreys, "Agatha, mother of St. Margaret: the Slavic versus the Salian solutions - a critical overview",
4344:
vol. 53 (1939), pp. 1-42; Marcellus D. R. von Redlich, "The Parentage of Agatha, Wife of Prince Edward the Exile",
767:
specifies Henry III). Early attempts at reconstructing the relationship focused on the former. Georgio Pray (1764,
1393:
to Hungary in 1046 and staying at his court for many years. Andrew's wife and queen was Anastasia, a daughter of
49:
3459:) she and Edward would most likely have been inclined to leave Hungary in 1057 at the time of Béla's rebellion.
4357:
1402:
334:, while, less precisely, Ailred says of Margaret that she was derived from English and Hungarian royal blood (
4831:
4197:
4107:
3693:
3327:
3178:
2700:
2379:
many of the proposed solutions would have meant that later documented marriages would have fallen within the
1554:
1268:
1148:
1018:
756:
258:
249:
describe Agatha as a kinswoman of "Emperor Henry", the latter explicitly making her daughter of his brother (
4686:, vol. 11, Summer/Winter 2003, pp. 1-85. See also a summary in "The Bulgarian Descent of HM Simeon II", in
4801:
4791:
4485:
3875:
3850:
2380:
1439:, who was well informed on North-European affairs, noted around 1074 that Edward was exiled in Kievan Rus (
899:
752:
254:
1049:
solution to the problem, since which time opinion has been divided among several competing possibilities.
4816:
4247:(Journal of the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy), vol. 1, no. 4, July 2004, pp. 302–303, ISSN 1479-5078
3702:
2712:
1255:
1042:
751:
The description of Agatha as a blood relative of "Emperor Henry" may be applicable to a niece of either
4796:
4766:
4352:, vol. 106 (1952), pp. 52-60; Szabolcs de Vajay. "Agatha, Mother St. Margaret, Queen of Scotland", in
3589:
3447:
Recently, a Polish hypothesis has appeared. John P. Ravilious has proposed that Agatha was daughter of
2734:
1119:
1038:
509:
351:
indicate that while Edward was a guest of Kievan "king Malesclodus" he married a woman of noble birth (
331:
170:
138:
4821:
4397:
René Jetté, "Is the Mystery of the Origins of Agatha, Wife of Edward the Exile, Finally Solved?", in
4256:
René Jetté, "Is the Mystery of the Origins of Agatha, Wife of Edward the Exile, Finally Solved?", in
3841:
3722:
3004:
1246:
1237:
815:
347:
4539:
Pointedly criticized by John Carmi Parsons in his article "Edward the Aetheling's Wife, Agatha", in
2409:
by his short-lived first marriage to a Hungarian princess thought to have been the daughter of Duke
4806:
4123:
3684:
3613:
3233:
2907:
1410:
1055:
1034:
795:) tried to harmonise the German and Hungarian claims, making Agatha daughter of Henry II's sister
4319:
e.g. Sandor Fest, "The sons of Edmund Ironside Anglo-Saxon King at the Court of St. Stephen", in
4287:
1486:
1454:
Onomastics have been seen as supporting the Kievan theory. Among medieval royalty, Agatha's rare
1003:
707:
699:
523:
385:
36:
may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience
4775:
4559:, to Byzantine brides) for the introduction of these names into the western European dynasties.
4348:, vol. 28 (1940), pp. 105-109; G. Andrews Moriarty, "Agatha, wife of the Atheling Eadward", in
4114:
3974:
3224:
2366:
803:. This solution remained popular among scholars into the second half of the twentieth century.
2723:
2414:
1441:
Emund, vir bellicosus, in gratiam victoris sublatus est; filii eius in Ruzziam exilio dampnat
1374:
319:
221:
4323:
vol. 4 (1938), pp. 115-145; G. Andrews Moriarty, "Agatha, wife of the Atheling Eadward", in
4851:
4493:
3893:
2089:
1946:
930:
800:
692:
270:
4424:, vol. 152 (1998), pp. 216-23; "Has a Missing Daughter of Iaroslav Mudryi Been Found?" in
4151:
298:), although he places the marriage at a time when Edward is thought still to have been in
8:
4607:
3037:
2354:
2345:
2285:
2105:
1848:
1482:
1386:
772:
724:
716:
389:
194:
1447:, who had strong ties with Agatha's children, Queen Margaret of Scotland and her sister
4691:
4599:
4552:
4543:, Summer/Winter 2002, pp. 31-54. Donald C. Jackman, "A Greco-Roman Onomastic Fund", in
4411:
4144:
4135:
3965:
3448:
3030:
2576:
2397:
2361:
2350:
2294:
2145:
1839:
1459:
1435:
Eduard Hlawitschka also identifies Agatha as a daughter of Yaroslav, pointing out that
1354:
917:
828:
796:
685:
311:
246:
162:
108:
4327:, vol. 106 (1952), pp. 52-60; Gregory Lauder-Frost, "Agatha-The Ancestry Dispute", in
1045:. This theory saw broad acceptance for several decades until René Jetté resurrected a
4612:
4582:
4489:
4271:
3884:
3596:
3210:
2567:
2558:
2389:
2136:
2118:
1933:
1394:
1026:
908:
784:
760:
226:
125:
4669:, 1(2):74; William Humphreys, "Agatha ‘the Greek’ – Exploring the Slavic solution",
488:
166:
133:
4603:
3489:
3185:
2549:
2447:
2419:
2304:
1490:
1463:
1382:
1345:
1078:
1030:
408:
275:
238:
202:
158:
118:
4737:
John P. Ravilious, "The Ancestry of Agatha, Mother of St. Margaret of Scotland",
4556:
3952:
1687:
1674:
1564:
1429:
1425:
1416:
342:
303:
291:
283:
190:
4386:
Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists who came to New England between 1623 and 1650
4264:
The lost King of England : the East European adventures of Edward the Exile
2690:
2402:
1922:
1913:
1498:
1494:
1474:
married Yaroslav's father, he took the Christian name of the reigning emperor,
1455:
1406:
1046:
360:
299:
4441:
W. Ferrand Felch, "The Ancestry of Agatha: The Byzantine Ancestry of Agatha",
4785:
4267:
2384:
1424:
This Felch/Jetté theory accords with the seemingly incongruous statements of
48:
any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against
2864:
2127:
380:
4367:
Szabolcs de Vajay. "Agatha, Mother St. Margaret, Queen of Scotland", in
4219:
Lauder-Frost, Gregory M.S., FSA Scot.,"Agatha - The Ancestry Dispute" in
198:
1409:, a derivation also given Agatha without further explanation in 1634 by
1787:
233:
and its associated genealogical tables (sometimes named separately as
3709:
1581:
375:
186:
4682:
Mladjov, Ian. "Reconsidering Agatha, Wife of Eadward the Exile", in
4297:, Third Edition, Revised, Oxford:Clarendon Press, 1877, pp. 668-673.
3452:
1466:; it was also one of the most frequent feminine names in the Kievan
783:) each suggested that Agatha was the daughter of Henry II's brother
318:), even though he was actually a contemporary of Agatha's children.
2406:
1475:
177:. Her antecedents are unclear and the subject of much speculation.
4635:
4548:
4340:
Jozsef Herzog, "Skóciai Szent Margit származásának kérdése" , in
3580:
1467:
4634:
Current scholarship traces these names to the famous oration of
1481:
The names of Agatha's immediate descendants—Margaret, Cristina,
205:
carries what appears to be the last reference to her in 1070.
2424:
1420:
11th-century fresco representing the daughters of Yaroslav I
1398:
1390:
4717:
Anonymus, Notary of King Béla: The Deeds of the Hungarians
4728:
Parsons, "Edward the Aetheling's Wife, Agatha", pp 52-54.
396:, have been used as possible indicators of her origins.
4262:, vol. 150 (October 1996), pp. 417-432; Gabriel Ronay,
336:
de semine regio Anglorum et Hungariorum extitit oriunda
4488:. It is known that Yaroslav's other daughters married
791:, with no known issue), while Daniel Cornides (1778,
253:). It is not clear whether the "Henry" mentioned was
4350:
The New England Historical and Genealogical Register
4325:
The New England Historical and Genealogical Register
326:
states that Agatha's sister was a Queen of Hungary (
4572:, Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 2006, pp.629-630.
4524:
usque ad terram Rungorum, quam nos uocamus Russeaim
4266:, Woodbridge, Suffolk; Wolfeboro, N.H., USA :
2401:was granddaughter of Agatha Cryselia, daughter of
268:Later sources of dubious credibility such as the
4783:
4422:New England Historical and Genealogical Register
4417:New England Historical and Genealogical Register
4399:New England Historical and Genealogical Register
4388:, sixth edition, Walter Lee Sheppard, ed., p. 3.
4259:New England Historical and Genealogical Register
1385:, he apparently was in the political faction of
743:
4545:Onomastique et Parente dans l'Occident medieval
4652:, Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 2006, p.629.
4514:, Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 2006, p.622.
4223:, Edinburgh, Sept 2002, vol.xlix no.3, p.71-2.
4475:, (Woringen:Coloniæ Agrippinæ, 1634), p. 468.
4293:The History of the Norman Conquest of England
359:adding that the mother of St Margaret was of
197:, finding refuge under her future son-in-law
4331:, Vol. 49, No.3 (September 2002), pp. 71-72.
1497:(canonized ca. 1073) was Yaroslav's brother
310:is more specific, naming her father as king
4665:, 1(1):31-43; Joseph Edwards, "Editorial",
777:Geschichte Dänmarks, Norwegen und Holsteins
157:(before 1030 – after 1070) was married to
4371:, vol. 7, no. 2 (Spring 1962), pp. 71-80.
68:Learn how and when to remove this message
1415:
193:, in 1067 she fled with her children to
4555:, and the supposed marriage of Emperor
4346:National Genealogical Society Quarterly
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4784:
4456:Basilicon Opus Genealogicum Catholicum
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3320:
3318:
3302:
3300:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3258:
3232:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3193:
3191:
3184:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3129:
3099:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3073:
3071:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3053:
3036:
3029:
3024:
3022:
3020:
3018:
3016:
3014:
3012:
3010:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2985:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2928:
2917:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2746:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2722:
2720:
2718:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2698:
2689:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2609:
2588:
2575:
2573:
2566:
2564:
2557:
2555:
2548:
2478:
2461:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2302:
2300:
2293:
2291:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2153:
2144:
2142:
2135:
2126:
2124:
2117:
2104:
2102:
2097:
2088:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1945:
1932:
1930:
1921:
1919:
1912:
1860:
1847:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1824:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1793:
1791:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1752:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1686:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1528:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1353:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1254:
1252:
1245:
1243:
1236:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1178:
1147:
1135:
1118:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1077:
1054:
1002:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
984:
982:
980:
970:
968:
966:
964:
962:
960:
958:
956:
954:
952:
950:
948:
929:
916:
914:
907:
905:
898:
846:
827:
814:
812:
810:
808:
730:
728:
723:
721:
714:
712:
705:
703:
698:
696:
691:
689:
684:
682:
679:
541:
522:
507:
505:
496:
494:
487:
435:
418:
407:
405:
403:
401:
4771:Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England
2423:, which derives Samuel Aba from two
290:states that she was daughter of the
20:
4401:, vol. 150 (October 1996): 417-432.
2373:
365:ex genere et sanguine regum Rugorum
213:
13:
4499:
4321:Archivum Europae Centro-Orientalis
1501:, whose Christian name was David.
1021:was the Emperor designated in the
274:call her daughter of Henry, while
14:
4863:
4760:
4473:Annales Episcoporvm Slesvicencivm
2878:
251:filia germani imperatoris Henrici
1368:
781:Historia Critica Regum Hungariae
280:soror Henrici imperatoris Romani
278:calls her the emperor's sister (
161:, a candidate for the throne of
25:
4744:
4731:
4722:
4710:
4697:
4676:
4655:
4642:
4628:
4618:
4615:, a paternal uncle of Andrew I.
4592:
4575:
4562:
4533:
4517:
4478:
4465:
4448:
4435:
4404:
4391:
4374:
763:(although John of Worcester in
4361:
4334:
4313:
4300:
4281:
4250:
4238:
4226:
4213:
1458:name is first recorded in the
787:(an ecclesiastic described as
316:filiam Salomonis Regis Hunorum
1:
4847:11th-century Bulgarian people
744:German and Hungarian theories
370:
4842:11th-century Bulgarian women
4812:Family of Vladimir the Great
4754:, vol. 4 (2012), pp. 81-121.
4486:St. Sophia Cathedral in Kiev
4295:: its causes and its results
2381:prohibited degree of kinship
1033:by her earlier marriages to
50:Knowledge's inclusion policy
7:
4827:11th-century English people
4445:, 8th ser., v: 421-3, 461-2
1043:Liudolf, Margrave of Frisia
779:) and Istvan Katona (1779,
384:those of her grandchildren
330:) and is echoed in this by
10:
4868:
4837:11th-century English women
4684:The Plantagenet Connection
4541:The Plantagenet Connection
1443:i) and that the author of
332:Alberic of Trois-Fontaines
171:Saint Margaret of Scotland
4471:Iohanne Adolpho Cipraeo,
4184:
4182:
4172:
4170:
4168:
4157:
4141:
4120:
4096:
4094:
4092:
4090:
4088:
4086:
4084:
4078:
4076:
4074:
4072:
4070:
4068:
4066:
4064:
4062:
4060:
4058:
4048:
4044:
4042:
4040:
4038:
4036:
4034:
4032:
4030:
4028:
4026:
4024:
4022:
4020:
4018:
4016:
4010:
4008:
4006:
3994:
3992:
3971:
3939:
3937:
3917:
3915:
3905:
3890:
3865:
3830:
3828:
3826:
3820:
3818:
3816:
3814:
3812:
3810:
3808:
3798:
3794:
3792:
3790:
3786:
3778:
3774:
3772:
3770:
3764:
3762:
3760:
3748:
3746:
3706:
3690:
3675:
3673:
3653:
3651:
3643:
3641:
3593:
3586:
3569:
3567:
3565:
3563:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3555:
3553:
3551:
3549:
3541:
3537:
3535:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3523:
3521:
3519:
3517:
3515:
3394:
3392:
3354:
3338:
3312:
3310:
3308:
3298:
3294:
3292:
3290:
3286:
3270:
3268:
3254:
3252:
3230:
3216:
3200:
3182:
3167:
3165:
3163:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3127:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3097:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3069:
3067:
3049:
3034:
3027:
2983:
2981:
2961:
2959:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2926:
2924:
2915:
2913:
2813:
2811:
2761:
2755:
2753:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2696:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2657:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2613:
2611:
2605:
2599:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2510:
2506:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2474:
2468:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2244:
2242:
2214:
2210:
2208:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2170:
2168:
2162:
2160:
2151:
2133:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2095:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2030:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1966:
1960:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1884:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1856:
1845:
1822:
1820:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1750:
1746:
1740:
1714:
1708:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1637:
1633:
1631:
1625:
1623:
1607:
1605:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1526:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1445:Leges Edwardi confessoris
1362:
1351:
1310:
1308:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1218:
1216:
1204:
1202:
1194:
1186:
1184:
1174:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1156:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1133:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1116:
1114:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1086:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
974:
972:
944:
938:
927:
925:
923:
892:
890:
888:
882:
880:
878:
870:
866:
860:
858:
856:
854:
852:
842:
836:
825:
823:
821:
765:Regalis prosapia Anglorum
673:
671:
665:
663:
661:
655:
653:
651:
645:
643:
641:
635:
633:
631:
625:
623:
621:
615:
613:
611:
603:
599:
597:
595:
593:
591:
589:
587:
585:
583:
581:
579:
577:
575:
573:
571:
565:
563:
561:
559:
557:
555:
553:
551:
549:
547:
537:
531:
520:
518:
516:
481:
479:
477:
471:
469:
467:
459:
455:
449:
447:
445:
443:
441:
431:
425:
416:
414:
412:
348:Leges Edwardi Confessoris
263:Regalis prosapia Anglorum
235:Regalis prosapia Anglorum
208:
124:
114:
102:
87:
82:
4739:The Scottish Genealogist
4430:The Scottish Genealogist
4384:; Frederick Lewis Weis,
4382:The lost King of England
4329:The Scottish Genealogist
4308:The lost King of England
4221:The Scottish Genealogist
1379:De Gestis Regis Anglorum
324:De Gestis Regis Anglorum
308:Historiae Ecclesiasticae
292:Hungarian king and queen
16:Wife of Edward the Exile
4288:Edward Augustus Freeman
1373:Jetté pointed out that
769:Annales Regum Hungariae
180:
2367:argumentum ex silentio
1421:
231:Chronicon ex chronicis
4741:, vol. 56, pp. 70-84.
4690:: April 13, 2002 and
4648:Hlawitschka, Eduard,
4568:Hlawitschka, Eduard,
4510:Hlawitschka, Eduard,
4235:, vol.II, pp. 190–192
2886:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
2415:Samuel Aba of Hungary
1419:
1411:Johann Adolf Cypraeus
1389:, following him from
1375:William of Malmesbury
1023:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
320:William of Malmesbury
265:specifies Henry III.
222:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
4832:Bulgarian princesses
4707:, Sofia, 2015, 63-84
4494:Harald III of Norway
4208:Notes and references
801:Stephen I of Hungary
271:Chronicle of Melrose
4802:11th-century deaths
4792:Anglo-Saxon royalty
4608:Casimir I of Poland
4443:Notes & Queries
2355:Anna Porphyrogeneta
2346:Alexander the Great
1387:Andrew I of Hungary
288:Lestoire des Engles
4817:Cometopuli dynasty
4778:entry about Agatha
4553:Vladimir I of Kiev
4412:Douglas Richardson
3449:Mieszko II Lambert
2398:Samuel of Bulgaria
2362:Philip I of France
2351:Vsevolod I of Kiev
1460:Macedonian dynasty
1422:
1403:Ingigerd of Sweden
1039:Bruno of Brunswick
1035:Ernest I of Swabia
797:Giselle of Bavaria
759:, emperors of the
345:and the anonymous
247:Ailred of Rievaulx
243:thaes ceseres maga
4797:Anglo-Saxon women
4776:the Henry Project
4613:Ladislas the Bald
4490:Henry I of France
4205:
4204:
3457:Richeza of Poland
3445:
3444:
2872:
2871:
2390:Pope Alexander II
2342:
2341:
1472:Anna of Byzantium
1395:Yaroslav the Wise
1366:
1365:
1027:Szabolcs de Vajay
1011:
1010:
785:Bruno of Augsburg
761:Holy Roman Empire
741:
740:
227:John of Worcester
152:
151:
78:
77:
70:
4859:
4822:Russian nobility
4755:
4748:
4742:
4735:
4729:
4726:
4720:
4719:(ch. 32), p. 71.
4714:
4708:
4701:
4695:
4680:
4674:
4659:
4653:
4646:
4640:
4632:
4626:
4622:
4616:
4604:Maria Dobroniega
4596:
4590:
4579:
4573:
4566:
4560:
4537:
4531:
4521:
4515:
4508:
4497:
4482:
4476:
4469:
4463:
4454:Eliae Revsneri,
4452:
4446:
4439:
4433:
4410:David Faris and
4408:
4402:
4395:
4389:
4378:
4372:
4365:
4359:
4338:
4332:
4317:
4311:
4304:
4298:
4285:
4279:
4254:
4248:
4242:
4236:
4230:
4224:
4217:
3462:
3461:
2892:
2891:
2430:
2429:
2420:Gesta Hungarorum
2394:Agatha Chryselia
2374:Bulgarian theory
1504:
1503:
1491:David of Hungary
1383:Edward the Exile
1052:
1051:
1031:Gisela of Swabia
806:
805:
409:Edward the Exile
399:
398:
296:Li reis sa fille
276:Matthew of Paris
239:Symeon of Durham
214:Medieval sources
203:Simeon of Durham
165:, and mother of
159:Edward the Exile
119:Edward the Exile
98:
96:
80:
79:
73:
66:
62:
59:
53:
29:
28:
21:
4867:
4866:
4862:
4861:
4860:
4858:
4857:
4856:
4807:House of Wessex
4782:
4781:
4763:
4758:
4749:
4745:
4736:
4732:
4727:
4723:
4715:
4711:
4702:
4698:
4681:
4677:
4673:, 1(4):275-288.
4660:
4656:
4647:
4643:
4633:
4629:
4623:
4619:
4597:
4593:
4580:
4576:
4567:
4563:
4557:Louis the Blind
4538:
4534:
4522:
4518:
4509:
4500:
4483:
4479:
4470:
4466:
4453:
4449:
4440:
4436:
4426:Russian History
4409:
4405:
4396:
4392:
4379:
4375:
4369:Duquesne Review
4366:
4362:
4354:Duquesne Review
4339:
4335:
4318:
4314:
4305:
4301:
4286:
4282:
4255:
4251:
4243:
4239:
4231:
4227:
4218:
4214:
4210:
4162:
4153:
4137:
4128:
4116:
3967:
3954:
3895:
3886:
3878:
3861:
3853:
3843:
3724:
3711:
3696:
3686:
3615:
3598:
3582:
3436:
3349:
3342:
3238:
3226:
3212:
3196:
3187:
3039:
3006:
2930:
2920:
2909:
2881:
2748:
2736:
2726:
2714:
2704:
2692:
2593:
2578:
2570:
2561:
2552:
2463:
2452:
2449:
2411:Géza of Hungary
2376:
2308:
2296:
2288:
2155:
2148:
2138:
2130:
2121:
2107:
2099:
2091:
1951:
1948:
1936:
1924:
1915:
1850:
1842:
1703:
1689:
1677:
1675:Constantine VII
1470:dynasty. After
1430:Roger of Howden
1426:Geoffrey Gaimar
1371:
1356:
1347:
1270:
1257:
1248:
1239:
1150:
1121:
1080:
1057:
932:
919:
910:
901:
830:
818:Duke of Bavaria
817:
793:Regum Hungariae
789:beatae memoriae
746:
525:
512:
501:
490:
373:
353:nobili progenio
343:Roger of Howden
328:reginae sororem
304:Orderic Vitalis
284:Geoffrey Gaimar
216:
211:
191:Norman Conquest
183:
148:
107:
94:
92:
74:
63:
57:
54:
40:Please help by
39:
30:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4865:
4855:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4780:
4779:
4773:
4762:
4761:External links
4759:
4757:
4756:
4743:
4730:
4721:
4709:
4696:
4675:
4654:
4641:
4627:
4617:
4591:
4574:
4561:
4532:
4516:
4498:
4477:
4464:
4447:
4434:
4403:
4390:
4373:
4360:
4333:
4312:
4310:, pp. 109-121.
4299:
4280:
4249:
4237:
4233:Historia Regum
4225:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4200:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4183:
4181:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4165:
4158:
4156:
4149:
4147:
4142:
4140:
4133:
4131:
4121:
4119:
4112:
4110:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4095:
4093:
4091:
4089:
4087:
4085:
4083:
4081:
4079:
4077:
4075:
4073:
4071:
4069:
4067:
4065:
4063:
4061:
4059:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4047:
4045:
4043:
4041:
4039:
4037:
4035:
4033:
4031:
4029:
4027:
4025:
4023:
4021:
4019:
4017:
4015:
4013:
4011:
4009:
4007:
4005:
4003:
4001:
3999:
3997:
3995:
3993:
3991:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3972:
3970:
3963:
3961:
3959:
3957:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3932:
3930:
3928:
3926:
3924:
3922:
3920:
3918:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3906:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3898:
3891:
3889:
3882:
3880:
3873:
3871:
3866:
3864:
3857:
3855:
3848:
3846:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3829:
3827:
3825:
3823:
3821:
3819:
3817:
3815:
3813:
3811:
3809:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3797:
3795:
3793:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3785:
3783:
3781:
3779:
3777:
3775:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3761:
3759:
3757:
3755:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3735:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3727:
3720:
3718:
3716:
3714:
3712:Constantinople
3707:
3705:
3700:
3698:
3691:
3689:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3674:
3672:
3670:
3668:
3666:
3664:
3662:
3660:
3658:
3656:
3654:
3652:
3650:
3648:
3646:
3644:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3611:
3609:
3607:
3605:
3603:
3601:
3594:
3592:
3587:
3585:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3568:
3566:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3552:
3550:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3536:
3534:
3532:
3530:
3528:
3526:
3524:
3522:
3520:
3518:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3506:
3504:
3502:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3492:
3487:
3485:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3475:
3473:
3471:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3443:
3441:
3440:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3427:
3425:
3423:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3375:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3367:
3365:
3363:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3346:
3344:
3339:
3337:
3332:
3330:
3325:
3323:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3311:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3263:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3231:
3229:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3192:
3190:
3183:
3181:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3040:Porphyrogeneta
3035:
3033:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3019:
3017:
3015:
3013:
3011:
3009:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2927:
2925:
2923:
2916:
2914:
2912:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2880:
2879:Other theories
2877:
2870:
2868:
2867:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2697:
2695:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2574:
2572:
2565:
2563:
2556:
2554:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2403:Gavril Radomir
2375:
2372:
2340:
2338:
2337:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2301:
2299:
2292:
2290:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2152:
2150:
2143:
2141:
2134:
2132:
2125:
2123:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2103:
2101:
2096:
2094:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1952:(perhaps born
1944:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1931:
1929:
1920:
1918:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1851:Porphyrogeneta
1846:
1844:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1797:
1792:
1790:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1584:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1437:Adam of Bremen
1407:Cnut the Great
1370:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1352:
1350:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1253:
1251:
1244:
1242:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1025:, genealogist
1009:
1007:
1006:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
981:
978:
976:
975:
973:
971:
969:
967:
965:
963:
961:
959:
957:
955:
953:
951:
949:
946:
945:
943:
941:
939:
936:
935:
928:
926:
924:
922:
915:
913:
906:
904:
896:
895:
893:
891:
889:
887:
885:
883:
881:
879:
877:
875:
872:
871:
869:
867:
865:
863:
861:
859:
857:
855:
853:
851:
849:
847:
844:
843:
841:
839:
837:
834:
833:
826:
824:
822:
820:
813:
811:
809:
745:
742:
739:
737:
736:
729:
727:
722:
720:
713:
711:
704:
702:
697:
695:
690:
688:
683:
681:
677:
676:
674:
672:
670:
668:
666:
664:
662:
660:
658:
656:
654:
652:
650:
648:
646:
644:
642:
640:
638:
636:
634:
632:
630:
628:
626:
624:
622:
620:
618:
616:
614:
612:
610:
608:
605:
604:
602:
600:
598:
596:
594:
592:
590:
588:
586:
584:
582:
580:
578:
576:
574:
572:
570:
568:
566:
564:
562:
560:
558:
556:
554:
552:
550:
548:
546:
544:
542:
539:
538:
536:
534:
532:
529:
528:
521:
519:
517:
515:
506:
504:
495:
493:
485:
484:
482:
480:
478:
476:
474:
472:
470:
468:
466:
464:
461:
460:
458:
456:
454:
452:
450:
448:
446:
444:
442:
440:
438:
436:
433:
432:
430:
428:
426:
423:
422:
417:
415:
413:
411:
406:
404:
402:
372:
369:
215:
212:
210:
207:
182:
179:
167:Edgar Ætheling
150:
149:
147:
146:
141:
136:
134:Edgar Ætheling
130:
128:
122:
121:
116:
112:
111:
104:
100:
99:
89:
85:
84:
76:
75:
33:
31:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4864:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4789:
4787:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4768:
4765:
4764:
4753:
4747:
4740:
4734:
4725:
4718:
4713:
4706:
4700:
4693:
4689:
4685:
4679:
4672:
4668:
4664:
4658:
4651:
4645:
4637:
4631:
4621:
4614:
4609:
4605:
4601:
4595:
4588:
4587:5-85759-339-5
4584:
4578:
4571:
4565:
4558:
4554:
4550:
4546:
4542:
4536:
4529:
4525:
4520:
4513:
4507:
4505:
4503:
4495:
4491:
4487:
4481:
4474:
4468:
4461:
4457:
4451:
4444:
4438:
4431:
4427:
4423:
4419:
4418:
4413:
4407:
4400:
4394:
4387:
4383:
4377:
4370:
4364:
4358:
4355:
4351:
4347:
4343:
4337:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4316:
4309:
4303:
4296:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4278:, pp. 109-121
4277:
4276:0-85115-541-3
4273:
4269:
4268:Boydell Press
4265:
4261:
4260:
4253:
4246:
4241:
4234:
4229:
4222:
4216:
4212:
4202:
4199:
4191:
4189:
4175:
4167:
4164:
4155:
4146:
4139:
4130:
4126:
4118:
4109:
4101:
4098:
4082:
4080:
4056:
4054:
4053:
4046:
4014:
4012:
4004:
4002:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3979:
3976:
3969:
3956:
3946:
3944:
3908:
3903:
3901:
3900:
3897:
3888:
3877:
3870:
3863:
3852:
3845:
3835:
3832:
3824:
3822:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3796:
3788:
3776:
3768:
3766:
3758:
3756:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3732:
3730:
3729:
3726:
3713:
3704:
3695:
3688:
3682:
3680:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3623:
3621:
3620:
3617:
3600:
3591:
3584:
3574:
3571:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3539:
3527:
3525:
3513:
3511:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3442:
3439:
3401:
3399:
3357:
3353:
3336:
3329:
3317:
3314:
3306:
3305:
3296:
3288:
3257:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3240:
3236:
3228:
3214:
3198:
3189:
3180:
3172:
3169:
3153:
3151:
3143:
3135:
3133:
3132:
3125:
3103:
3101:
3095:
3087:
3085:
3052:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3041:
3032:
3008:
2990:
2988:
2944:
2934:
2922:
2911:
2893:
2890:
2887:
2876:
2869:
2866:
2818:
2816:
2764:
2759:
2757:
2752:
2738:
2725:
2716:
2703:
2702:
2694:
2688:
2685:
2675:
2673:
2663:
2661:
2660:
2655:
2647:
2645:
2633:
2631:
2608:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2580:
2569:
2560:
2551:
2547:
2544:
2536:
2534:
2526:
2524:
2516:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2504:
2502:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2451:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2422:
2421:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2399:
2396:, married to
2395:
2391:
2386:
2385:consanguinity
2382:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2356:
2352:
2347:
2339:
2336:
2307:
2306:
2298:
2287:
2271:
2268:
2260:
2258:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2212:
2206:
2204:
2194:
2192:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2166:
2164:
2159:
2147:
2140:
2129:
2120:
2109:
2093:
2087:
2084:
2068:
2066:
2058:
2056:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2028:
1998:
1996:
1982:
1980:
1969:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1955:
1950:
1935:
1928:
1927:
1917:
1911:
1908:
1900:
1898:
1890:
1888:
1887:
1882:
1874:
1872:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1855:
1852:
1841:
1829:
1827:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1789:
1769:
1766:
1758:
1756:
1755:
1748:
1744:
1742:
1738:
1736:
1717:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1702:
1691:
1676:
1658:
1655:
1643:
1641:
1640:
1635:
1629:
1627:
1621:
1619:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1566:
1557:
1556:
1547:
1544:
1534:
1532:
1531:
1524:
1514:
1512:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1418:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1369:Kievan theory
1361:
1358:
1349:
1315:
1313:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1259:
1250:
1241:
1235:
1232:
1224:
1222:
1221:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1172:
1170:
1164:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1139:
1137:
1131:
1123:
1105:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1059:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1008:
1005:
979:
977:
947:
942:
940:
937:
934:
921:
912:
903:
897:
894:
886:
884:
876:
874:
873:
868:
864:
862:
850:
848:
845:
840:
838:
835:
832:
819:
807:
804:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
749:
738:
735:
734:
726:
719:
718:
710:
709:
701:
694:
687:
678:
675:
669:
667:
659:
657:
649:
647:
639:
637:
629:
627:
619:
617:
609:
607:
606:
601:
569:
567:
545:
543:
540:
535:
533:
530:
527:
514:
511:
503:
500:
492:
486:
483:
475:
473:
465:
463:
462:
457:
453:
451:
439:
437:
434:
429:
427:
424:
421:
410:
400:
397:
395:
391:
387:
382:
377:
368:
366:
363:royal blood (
362:
358:
354:
350:
349:
344:
339:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
272:
266:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
225:, along with
224:
223:
206:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
178:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
132:
131:
129:
127:
123:
120:
117:
113:
110:
105:
101:
90:
86:
81:
72:
69:
61:
51:
47:
43:
37:
34:This article
32:
23:
22:
19:
4751:
4746:
4738:
4733:
4724:
4716:
4712:
4704:
4699:
4687:
4683:
4678:
4670:
4666:
4662:
4657:
4649:
4644:
4630:
4620:
4594:
4577:
4569:
4564:
4544:
4540:
4535:
4527:
4523:
4519:
4511:
4480:
4472:
4467:
4460:Cnuti Dani F
4459:
4455:
4450:
4442:
4437:
4429:
4425:
4421:
4415:
4406:
4398:
4393:
4385:
4381:
4380:e.g. Ronay,
4376:
4368:
4363:
4353:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4336:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4315:
4307:
4302:
4291:
4283:
4263:
4257:
4252:
4244:
4240:
4232:
4228:
4220:
4215:
4124:
3710:Theophanu of
3446:
3437:
3435:Diagnementia
3350:Haldensleben
3343:Haldensleben
3334:
3234:
3197:Haldensleben
3031:St. Vladimir
2918:
2885:
2882:
2873:
2865:Peter Delyan
2699:
2590:
2418:
2377:
2365:
2359:
2343:
2334:
2303:
1953:
1925:
1840:St. Vladimir
1794:
1700:
1553:
1480:
1453:
1444:
1440:
1434:
1423:
1378:
1372:
1022:
1016:
1012:
792:
788:
780:
776:
768:
764:
750:
747:
731:
715:
706:
508:
497:
419:
374:
364:
356:
352:
346:
340:
335:
327:
323:
315:
307:
295:
287:
279:
269:
267:
262:
250:
242:
234:
230:
220:
217:
184:
154:
153:
64:
58:January 2021
55:
42:spinning off
35:
18:
4852:1030 births
4752:Foundations
4671:Foundations
4667:Foundations
4663:Foundations
4589:. Page 463.
4245:Foundations
2579:of Bulgaria
931:St. Stephen
526:of Scotland
524:Malcolm III
381:Anglo-Saxon
261:, although
199:Malcolm III
91:before 1030
4786:Categories
4600:Vladimir I
4136:Iziaslav I
4127:Dobroniega
3966:Mieszko II
3896:of Hungary
3725:of Bavaria
3616:of Bavaria
3583:of England
3438:Margaretha
3237:Dobroniega
3219:Premislava
3213:of Hungary
3195:Bernard of
2921:identical)
2464:of Armenia
2405:, Tsar of
2297:of Hungary
2146:Vsevolod I
2108:of Hungary
2090:Harald III
1934:Yaroslav I
1788:Romanos II
1357:of Hungary
1004:St. Emeric
933:of Hungary
920:of Bavaria
799:, wife of
371:Onomastics
106:after 1070
46:relocating
4198:Henry III
4152:Béla I of
4117:of Poland
4115:Casimir I
4108:Conrad II
3968:of Poland
3894:Stephen I
3885:Gisela of
3694:Liutgarde
3685:Conrad of
3348:Conrad of
3335:Cristinus
3328:Henry III
3227:of Poland
3225:Casimir I
3188:of Swabia
3179:Conrad II
3007:of Swabia
3005:Herman II
2910:of Swabia
2747:Hungarian
2724:Miroslava
2693:Vladislav
2388:example,
2156:Monomacha
2154:Anastasia
2139:of France
2119:Anastasia
2098:Elizabeth
2092:of Norway
1949:of Sweden
1914:St. Boris
1582:Romanos I
1555:Alexander
1487:Alexander
1464:Byzantium
1348:of Swabia
1269:Henry III
1258:of Frisia
1249:of Swabia
1247:Herman IV
1240:of Swabia
1238:Ernest II
1149:Conrad II
1122:Brunswick
1081:of Swabia
1058:of Swabia
1019:Henry III
829:Gisela of
773:P.F. Suhm
757:Henry III
708:Alexander
386:Alexander
376:Onomastic
341:Finally,
259:Henry III
187:genealogy
4767:Agatha 2
4606:married
4270:, 1989,
4163:Adelaide
4161:Richeza/
4145:Gertrude
3953:Henry of
3876:Henry II
3862:Lorraine
3851:Otto III
3723:Henry II
3687:Lorraine
3599:of Italy
3597:Adelaide
3211:Ladislas
3203:daughter
3025:daughter
2931:Öhningen
2919:(perhaps
2908:Conrad I
2749:princess
2713:Theodora
2594:Cryselia
2462:Ripsimia
2427:chiefs.
2407:Bulgaria
2286:Adelaide
2106:Andrew I
1954:Margaret
1947:Ingigerd
1923:St. Gleb
1690:Lekapene
1476:Basil II
1449:Cristina
1120:Bruno of
1056:Ernest I
911:Augsburg
909:Bruno of
900:Henry II
831:Burgundy
816:Henry II
753:Henry II
693:Ethelred
510:Margaret
499:Cristina
491:Ætheling
302:, while
255:Henry II
195:Scotland
175:Cristina
144:Cristina
139:Margaret
4639:"Wise".
4636:Ilarion
4551:and of
4549:Otto II
4306:Ronay,
4154:Hungary
4138:of Kiev
4129:of Kiev
3975:Richeza
3887:Bavaria
3869:Matilda
3842:Otto of
3703:Otto II
3614:Henry I
3581:Eadgyth
3490:Henry I
3239:of Kiev
2929:Cuno of
2737:Radomir
2295:Solomon
2137:Henry I
1926:"David"
1916:"Roman"
1468:Rurikid
1355:Solomon
1271:Emperor
1256:Liudolf
1151:Emperor
918:Giselle
902:Emperor
775:(1777,
312:Solomon
163:England
109:England
93: (
4625:60-61.
4585:
4274:
3955:Speyer
3879:
3860:Ezo of
3854:
3697:
3590:Otto I
3453:Béla I
3341:Oda of
3186:Gisela
2735:Gavril
2727:
2715:Kosara
2705:
2591:Agatha
2577:Samuel
2571:
2562:
2553:
2453:
2450:Nikola
2448:Comita
2309:
2289:
2149:
2131:
2122:
2100:
1937:
1843:
1795:Agatha
1704:
1701:Agatha
1688:Helena
1678:
1565:Leo VI
1346:Judith
1079:Gisela
1047:Kievan
686:Edmund
680:Edward
513:
502:
420:Agatha
245:) and
209:Origin
155:Agatha
115:Spouse
83:Agatha
4342:Turul
4125:Maria
3844:Worms
3235:Maria
2701:Maria
2568:David
2559:Moses
2425:Cuman
2335:Maria
2305:David
1483:David
1456:Greek
725:Edith
717:David
700:Edgar
489:Edgar
390:David
357:Leges
126:Issue
4692:here
4688:Sega
4583:ISBN
4492:and
4272:ISBN
3038:Anna
2691:Ivan
2550:Aron
2128:Anna
1849:Anna
1499:Gleb
1485:and
1428:and
1399:Kiev
1391:Kiev
1037:and
733:Mary
394:Mary
392:and
300:Kiev
181:Life
173:and
103:Died
95:1030
88:Born
4769:at
1495:Rus
1462:of
1401:by
1397:of
1377:in
771:),
755:or
367:).
361:Rus
355:),
338:).
322:in
306:in
286:in
282:).
257:or
237:),
229:'s
44:or
4788::
4526:,
4501:^
4290:,
2357:.
1413:.
388:,
201:.
169:,
4694:.
4530:.
1956:)
314:(
294:(
241:(
97:)
71:)
65:(
60:)
56:(
52:.
38:.
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