712:
322:). During his tenure in Lyon, Amalarius worked to impose liturgical reforms upon the archdiocese of Lyon. Amalarius' reforms were characterized by a heavy reliance upon allegorical and symbolic representations within the Mass. Agobard, on the other hand, disdained Amalarius' reforms as "theatrical" and "showy" and favored a more plain liturgy. Amalarius' reforms were also opposed by Agobard's disciple
240:" ("children of the devil") was indicative of the developing anti-Jewish strain of medieval Christian thought. As Jeremy Cohen has claimed, Agobard's response was paradoxically both stereotypical and knowledgeable (he showed a great knowledge of contemporary Judaism, while maintaining and perpetuating stereotypes).
268:
In the 820s, Agobard had already shown his willingness to challenge Louis the Pious on the subject of Jews and on secular holdings of church land. Agobard continued to confront the emperor, particularly on the issues of royal succession and the matter of land ownership. Agobard accused the emperor of
180:
son of
Charlemagne, including a prohibition on Christian proselytizing. Louis appointed a magister Iudaeorum to ensure Jewish legal protection, and did not force Jews to allow baptism for their slaves. Agobard found this last provision particularly galling, and wrote his first anti-Jewish tract on
147:
did not object to the appointment, some of the other bishops did, calling a synod at Arles to protest the elevation of a new bishop while the old bishop still lived. Archbishop
Leidrad died in 816, and the controversy fizzled out, leaving Agobard as the new archbishop. Soon after taking office, he
192:). For the rest of the decade, Agobard campaigned against what he saw as the dangerous growth in power and influence of Jews in the kingdom that was contrary to canon law. It was during this time that he wrote such works as
269:
abandoning his 817 Ordinatio imperii decree, which promoted an all-encompassing unity of church and empire. In both of the two rebellions against Louis, 830 and 833, Agobard supported the ill-fated revolt of Louis' son
353:("On Hail and Thunder"). A passage in it mentions the popular belief in ships in the clouds whose sailors were thought to take crops damaged by hail or storms to their land of
143:, or assistant bishop. Controversy arose in 814, when the aging Leidrad retired into a monastery, appointing Agobard as his successor. While Carolingian emperor
346:
During his life, Agobard wrote more works on other issues, including several against pagan practices, two on the role of clergy, and a treatise on icons.
885:
168:
Agobard is notorious for his vocal attacks on the local Jewish population and their religious practices. Jewish communities living in the
880:
732:
860:
727:
275:
A Comparison of
Ecclesiastical and Political Government and Wherein the Dignity of the Church Outshines the Majesty of Empires
865:
402:
273:. In 833, when Lothair launched his second revolt, Agobard published his support for Lothair once more in several works:
875:
823:
870:
338:. When he returned to Lyon, Agobard worked to roll back Amalarius' actions, with the support of Florus.
260:, came out in opposition to Dungal's method of using secular knowledge to justify veneration of images.
326:; Amalarius was deposed and accused of heresy in 838. Agobard wrote three works against Amalarius:
89:
818:
804:
Wemple, S. "Claudius of Turin's
Organic Metaphor or the Carolingian Doctrine of Incorporation."
543:
S. Wemple, "Claudius of Turin's
Organic Metaphor or the Carolingian Doctrine of Incorporation,"
298:
717:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
850:
294:
93:
8:
855:
354:
157:
97:
373:
365:
173:
113:
85:
59:
377:
305:
249:
410:
290:
253:
832:
361:
177:
149:
144:
323:
153:
844:
723:
718:
128:
A native of Spain, Agobard moved to Lyon in 792. He was ordained as a priest
248:
In the 820s, a controversy emerged over the iconoclastic policies of bishop
101:
736:. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 380.
302:
140:
92:. The author of multiple treatises, ranging in subject matter from the
270:
799:
Antisemitism: A historical encyclopedia of prejudice and persecution
532:
Living
Letters of the Law: Ideas of the Jew in Medieval Christianity
778:
Living Letter of the Law: Ideas of the Jew in
Medieval Christianity
349:
Agobard also wrote a treatise arguing against weather magic called
169:
136:
109:
105:
372:
in 1666. Agobard's complete works can be found in Volume 104 of
369:
448:
Against the Dogma of Felix: Adversus dogma
Felicis Urgellensis
364:, when a manuscript was discovered in Lyons and published by
117:
81:
44:
534:, (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999), 144–5.
289:
After Louis was restored to his power, backed by his sons
236:). Agobard's rhetoric, which included describing Jews as "
104:
royal family, Agobard is best known for his critiques of
551:(Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2009), 40.
472:, (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1953), 46–7.
139:(r. 799–816). At some point, Agobard was ordained as a
750:, L. Van Acker, ed. CCCM 52 (Turnhout: Brepols, 1981).
766:. Ed. L. Van Acker. CCCM 52. Turnhout: Brepols, 1981.
794:. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2009.
297:, Agobard was suspended from his episcopate by the
256:at the request of Louis the Pious. Agobard, in his
176:realm had been granted considerable freedoms under
148:confronted several issues, which included opposing
564:, (Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 2008),68-9.
780:. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999.
842:
381:, and, in a more recent edition, in Van Acker's
135:, and was well-liked by the archbishop of Lyon,
108:religious practices and political power in the
824:Complete works of Agobard, J.P. Migne, ed.
787:. Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 2008.
281:in defense of the rebelling sons of Louis.
549:Westminster Handbook to Medieval Theology,
792:Westminster Handbook to Medieval Theology
653:Westminster Handbook to Medieval Theology
722:
227:De Cavendo Convictu et Societate Judaica
16:9th-century Spanish archbishop and saint
785:History of Theology II: The Middle Ages
614:History of Theology II: The Middle Ages
562:History of Theology II: The Middle Ages
843:
771:Agobard of Lyons: Churchman and Critic
470:Agobard of Lyons: Churchman and Critic
163:
547:49 (1974): 222–37; James R. Ginther,
394:
263:
332:On the Correction of the Antiphonary
886:Writers from the Carolingian Empire
284:
13:
881:Saints from the Carolingian Empire
756:
183:De Baptismo Judaicorum Mancipiorum
14:
897:
861:Bishops in the Carolingian Empire
812:
400:
764:Agobardi Lugdunensis Opera Omnia
748:Agobardi Lugdunensis Opera Omnia
710:
686:De privilegio et jure sacerdotii
383:Agobardi Lugdunensis Opera Omnia
740:
703:
691:
682:De modo regiminis ecclesiastici
675:
670:De quorumdam inclusion signorum
658:
645:
632:
619:
606:
593:
580:
567:
554:
537:
524:
511:
152:, and, in 818, writing against
801:(Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO, 2005) p. 6.
502:
493:
484:
475:
462:
453:
441:
424:
341:
1:
388:
316:
309:
252:. This stance was opposed by
230:
219:
208:
197:
186:
129:
123:
74:
37:
866:9th-century writers in Latin
360:Many of his works were lost
301:and exiled, replaced by the
258:Book on Paintings and Images
216:De Judaicis Superstitionibus
7:
819:Jewish Encyclopedia article
116:realm. He was succeeded by
54:840 (aged 70–71)
10:
902:
828:, with analytical indexes
588:Living Letters of the Law
58:
50:
33:
28:
21:
876:Critics of witch hunting
666:De grandine et tonitruis
432:Adversus legem Gundobadi
351:De Grandine et Tonitruis
243:
194:Contra Praeceptum Impium
783:D'Onofrio, Giulio, ed.
733:Encyclopædia Britannica
668:(PL 104:147A-158C) and
640:Early Medieval Theology
627:Early Medieval Theology
519:Early Medieval Theology
434:(PL:104:113B-126B) and
90:Carolingian Renaissance
797:Levy, Richard S., ed.
560:Giulio D'Onofrio, ed.
205:De Insolentia Judeorum
94:iconoclast controversy
438:(PL 104: 249C- 287C).
299:Council of Thionville
700:(PL 104: 199B-228A).
688:(PL 104: 127A-148A).
684:(PL 104:189A-200A);
295:Pepin I of Aquitaine
100:to critiques of the
871:Archbishops of Lyon
672:(PL 104:179A-186A).
436:Contra judicium Dei
407:Patron Saints Index
164:Anti-Jewish polemic
158:Spanish Adoptionist
98:Spanish Adoptionism
808:49 (1974): 222–37.
790:Ginther, James R.
413:on 9 February 2007
328:On Divine Psalmody
315: –
279:Liber Apologeticus
264:Political problems
86:archbishop of Lyon
826:Patrologia Latina
773:. Syracuse, 1954.
769:Cabaniss, Allen.
762:Agobard of Lyon,
746:Agobard of Lyon,
378:Patrologia Latina
306:Amalarius of Metz
250:Claudius of Turin
84:-born priest and
68:
67:
893:
751:
744:
738:
737:
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713:
707:
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695:
689:
679:
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643:
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630:
623:
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610:
604:
601:Agobard of Lyons
597:
591:
584:
578:
575:Agobard of Lyons
571:
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558:
552:
541:
535:
528:
522:
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509:
508:PL 104:107A-114B
506:
500:
497:
491:
488:
482:
481:PL 104:173D-178C
479:
473:
468:Allen Cabaniss,
466:
460:
457:
451:
445:
439:
428:
422:
421:
419:
418:
409:. Archived from
398:
336:Liber officialis
321:
318:
314:
311:
291:Louis the German
285:Exile and return
254:Dungal of Bobbio
235:
232:
224:
221:
213:
210:
202:
199:
191:
188:
150:trials by ordeal
134:
131:
79:
76:
42:
39:
19:
18:
901:
900:
896:
895:
894:
892:
891:
890:
841:
840:
835:Editio princeps
815:
776:Cohen, Jeremy.
759:
757:Further reading
754:
745:
741:
726:, ed. (1911). "
711:
709:
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499:PL 104:77A-100C
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459:PL 104:99D-106B
458:
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450:PL:104:29C-70A.
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429:
425:
416:
414:
399:
395:
391:
368:, and again by
366:Papirius Masson
344:
319:
312:
287:
266:
246:
233:
222:
211:
200:
189:
178:Louis the Pious
166:
145:Louis the Pious
132:
126:
77:
71:Agobard of Lyon
43:
40:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
899:
889:
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839:
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813:External links
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739:
724:Chisholm, Hugh
702:
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631:
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605:
592:
579:
566:
553:
536:
530:Jeremy Cohen,
523:
510:
501:
492:
490:PL 104:69B-76B
483:
474:
461:
452:
440:
423:
401:Jones, Terry.
392:
390:
387:
343:
340:
324:Florus of Lyon
286:
283:
265:
262:
245:
242:
165:
162:
154:Felix of Urgel
125:
122:
118:Amulo of Lyons
66:
65:
62:
56:
55:
52:
48:
47:
35:
31:
30:
26:
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22:
15:
9:
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761:
760:
749:
743:
735:
734:
729:
725:
720:
719:public domain
706:
699:
698:De imaginibus
694:
687:
683:
678:
671:
667:
661:
654:
648:
641:
635:
628:
622:
615:
609:
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527:
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496:
487:
478:
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456:
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433:
430:For example,
427:
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238:filii diaboli
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195:
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175:
171:
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160:Christology.
159:
155:
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146:
142:
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121:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
88:, during the
87:
83:
72:
63:
61:
57:
53:
49:
46:
36:
32:
27:
23:Saint Agobard
20:
834:
833:1605 online
825:
805:
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784:
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770:
763:
747:
742:
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697:
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664:For example,
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415:. Retrieved
411:the original
406:
396:
382:
376:
374:J.P. Migne's
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335:
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288:
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267:
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182:
181:the matter:
167:
127:
80:–840) was a
70:
69:
851:770s births
638:McCracken,
625:McCracken,
612:D'Onofrio,
517:McCracken,
342:Other works
174:Carolingian
114:Carolingian
102:Carolingian
856:840 deaths
845:Categories
599:Cabaniss,
573:Cabaniss,
417:2007-03-18
389:References
362:until 1605
320: 850
313: 775
303:chorbishop
234: 827
223: 827
212: 827
201: 826
190: 823
141:chorbishop
133: 804
124:Early life
78: 769
41: 769
29:Archbishop
651:Ginther,
403:"Agobard"
271:Lothair I
806:Speculum
590:, 138-9.
545:Speculum
277:and the
170:Frankish
110:Frankish
728:Agobard
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603:, 85-9.
586:Cohen,
355:Magonia
225:), and
137:Leidrad
82:Spanish
715:
642:, 330.
629:, 331.
521:, 329.
370:Baluze
334:, and
106:Jewish
64:6 June
616:, 68.
577:, 85.
244:Icons
60:Feast
45:Spain
655:, 9.
293:and
51:Died
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203:),
172:or
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385:.
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