677:(1632–1640 AD): this palace surmounts the largest bastion of Agra Fort on the riverside, facing the East. It was originally built of red stone by Akbar who used it for jharokha darshan, as well as for sun worship, every day at sunrise. Jehangir also used it as jharokha, as is faithfully shown in his painting made in 1620. He also instituted his 'Adl-i-Janjir'(the chain of justice) on its south side. Owing to its octagonal plan, it was called 'Muthamman Burj'. It has also been mentioned as 'Shah-Burj'(the imperial or king's tower) by Persian historians and foreign travellers. Its name jasmine tower or 'Samman-Burj' as recorded by the contemporary historian Lahauri is a misnomer. It was rebuilt with white marble by Shah Jehan around 1632–1640 AD. He also used it for jharokha darshan which was an indispensable a Mughal institution as was 'Durbar'. It is an octagonal building, five external sides of which make a dalan overlooking the river. Each side has pillar and bracket openings, the easternmost side projects forward and accommodates a jharokha majestically. On the western side of this palace is a spacious dalan with Shah-Nasin (alcoves). A shallow water-basin (kunda) is sunk in its pavement. It is profusely inlaid. This dalan opens on a court which has a
667:(c. 1605 AD): this is the spot where Mughal king Jahangir instituted his 'chain of justice'(Zanjir-i-Adl) in c. 1605 AD. He records in his memoir that after his accession, the first order he gave, "was for the fastening up of the chain of justice so that if those engaged in the administration of justice should delay or practice hypocrisy, the aggrieved might come to this chain and shake it so that its noise might attract my attention". It was made of pure gold. It was 80' in length and had 60 bells. Its weight was 1 Quintal. One end was fastened to the battlements of the Shah-Burj and the other end to a stone post on the bank of the river. This is not a myth. Contemporary foreign travellers like William Hawkins personally saw it. It has also been depicted in a contemporary painting made in 1620 AD. This was a way to redress the grievances of the people who could approach the king, the highest judicial authority of the empire, directly, without fee, fear or formality for immediate relief. There was no distinction of caste or creed or between poor and rich. Jahangir's administration of justice 'Adl-i-Jahangir' became a legend in Indian history.
629:(1628–35 AD): it is situated in between the white marble Khas Mahal and the red stone Jahangiri Mahal and is set transitionally in between these two residential complexes of two different ages. It is the earliest attempt of the Mughal emperor Shahjahan to convert an existing red stone building in accordance with his taste and it was his earliest palace in Agra Fort. It has a large hall, side rooms and an octagonal tower on the riverside. The skeletal construction of brick and red stone was all redone with a thick white stucco plaster and colourfully painted in floral designs. The whole palace once glistened white like white marble. On the face towards the Khas Mahal, is a large spacious white marble dalan, composed of five arches, supported on double pillars and protected externally by a chhajja. Its closed western bay houses, the Ghaznin gate, Babur's baoli and a well are situated beneath it.
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claim was made just to win the goodwill of the Indian people. The gate is, in fact, made of local deodar wood of Ghazni and not of sandalwood. The style of decoration bears no resemblance to ancient
Gujrati woodwork. There is also an Arabic inscription carved on the upper part. It mentions Mahmud with his epithets. Sir John Marshall had placed here a notice-board which described the whole episode about this gate. It is 16.5 feet high and 13.5 feet broad and its weight is about half a ton. It is made up of geometrical, hexagonal and octagonal panels which have been fixed, one with the help of the other into the frame without rivets. The idea to restore it at Somnath was ultimately given up and the gate was abandoned. Since then, it is stored in a room.
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monotony. Dados have repetitive stylized creepers inlaid on borders and carved plants on the centre pillars, brackets and lintels also bear exquisitely inlaid designs and it is one of the most ornamented buildings of Shah Jehan. This palace is directly connected to the Diwan-i-Khas, Shish Mahal, Khas Mahal, and other palaces. and it was from here that the Mughal emperor governed the whole country. This burj offers full and majestic view of Taj Mahal and Shah Jehan spent eight years (1658–1666 AD) of his imprisonment in this complex, and it is said that he died here. His body was taken by boat to the Taj Mahal and buried.
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696:(1631–40 AD): it was built by Mughal Emperor Shahjahan as a part of summer palace. Its most distinctive feature is glass mosaic work done on its walls and ceiling. These glass pieces have high mirror quality which glittered and twinkled in thousand ways in semi-dark interior. The glass was imported from Haleb of Syria. Shahjahan built glass palace also at
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with their riders – added another layer of security. The drawbridge, slight ascent, and 90-degree turn between the outer and inner gates make the entrance impregnable. During a siege, attackers would employ elephants to crush a fort's gates. Without a level, straight run-up to gather speed, however,
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to make way for his white marble palaces. Most of the others were destroyed by the
British troops of East India Company between 1803 and 1862 for raising barracks. Hardly thirty Mughal buildings have survived on the south-eastern side, facing the river, such as the Delhi Gate and Akbar Gate and one
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at Ghazni. It was brought from there by the
British in 1842. Lord Ellenborough, the Governor General, in historic proclamation claimed, that these were the sandalwood gates of Somnath which Mahmud had taken to Ghazni in 1025, and the British had thus avenged an insult of 800 years back. This false
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of Akbar's palace. In 1843 AD and later it was placed in front of Diwan-e-Am. In 1862, it was shifted to public garden (Company Bagh) where it suffered much damage. Later, Sir John
Marshall brought it back to Agra Fort and placed there. Due to this hauz, the palace became famous as Jahangiri Mahal
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projected by a jali screen, on its northern side, a series of rooms leading to Shish Mahal on its western side; and a colonnade (dalan) with a room attached to its on the southern side. It is, thus, a large complex entirely built of white marble. It has deep niches on the walls, to break the
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and string courses. Four gates were provided on its four sides, one Khizri gate opening on to the river. Two of the fort's gates are notable: the "Delhi Gate" and the "Lahore Gate". The Lahore Gate is also popularly also known as the "Amar Singh Gate," for
305:(1487–1517 CE) shifted his capital from Delhi and constructed a few buildings in the preexisting fort at Agra. After the first battle of Panipat (1526 CE), Mughals captured the fort and ruled from it. In 1530 CE,
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The 380,000 m (94-acre) fort has a semicircular plan, its chord lies parallel to the river Yamuna and its walls are seventy feet high. Double ramparts have massive circular bastions at intervals, with
271:. It was also known as the "Lal-Qila" or "Qila-i-Akbari". Before being captured by the British, the last Indian rulers to have occupied it were the Marathas. In 1983, the Agra fort was inscribed as a
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The northern portion of the fort is still used by the Indian military (the
Parachute Brigade in particular), so the Delhi Gate cannot be used by the public. Tourists enter via the Amar Singh Gate.
417:. Architects laid the foundation and it was built with bricks in the inner core with sandstone on external surfaces. Some 4,000 builders worked on it daily for eight years, completing it in 1573.
608:(tank) (1610 AD): this monolithic tank (hauz) was used for bathing. It is 5 feet high, 8 feet in diameter and 25 feet in circumference. On the external side of the rim there is an inscription in
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771:. In the audience, he was deliberately placed behind men of lower rank. Insulted, he stormed out of the imperial audience and was confined to Jai Singh's quarters on 12 May 1666.
539:'s time. It was built circa 1568 both to enhance security and as the king's formal gate, and includes features related to both. It is embellished with intricate inlay work in
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was used to cross the moat and reach the gate from the mainland; inside, an inner gateway called Hathi Pol ("Elephant Gate") – guarded by two life-sized stone
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Akbar
Darwazza (Akbar Gate) was renamed Amar Singh Gate by Shah Jahan. The gate is similar in design to the Delhi Gate. Both are built of red sandstone.
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was crowned in it. The fort was given its present appearance during the reign of Akbar (1556–1605 CE). Later, this fort was under the rule of
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The monumental Delhi Gate, which faces the city on the western side of the fort, is considered the grandest of the four gates and a masterpiece of
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in the early 18th century. Thereafter, it changed hands between the
Marathas and their foes many times. After their catastrophic defeat at
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because of its importance during Mughal rule. It is about 2.5 kilometers (1.6 mi) northwest of its more famous sister monument, the
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1228:. New Delhi: The Director of Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. pp. 78–80.
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Realising the importance of its central situation, Akbar made it his capital and arrived in Agra in 1558. His historian,
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from 1565 and the present-day structure was completed in 1573. It served as the main residence of the rulers of the
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for 13 years. In the fort, they built the 'Ratan Singh ki Haveli'. The fort was invaded and captured by the
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On 30 November 1871, thirty six people died when a cartridge factory located inside the fort exploded.
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was victorious among his all brothers, then he imprisoned Shah Jahan in 1658 in the same fort only.
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The
Architectural Work of Le Corbusier, an Outstanding Contribution to the Modern Movement
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Kaur, Gurmeet; Singh, Sakoon N.; Ahuja, Anuvinder; Singh, Noor
Dasmesh (24 May 2020).
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The
Bengali Mahal is built of red sandstone and is now split into Akbari Mahal and
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Department of Image Collections, National Gallery of Art Library, Washington, D.C.
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was crowned at this fort in 1530. It was later renovated by the Mughal emperor
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in 1761, Marathas remained out of the region for the next decade. Finally
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1317:. Vol. 6. The Illustrated London News. 6 January 1872. pp. 9–10
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Delhi, Agra, Fatehpur Sikri: Monuments, Cities and Connected Histories
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stayed in the fort, in the palace of Ibrahim Lodi. He later built a
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1264:"Agra Fort (1983), Uttar Pradesh – Archaeological Survey of India"
297:'s invasion is unclear. However, in the 15th century, the Chauhan
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479:'s rule in India and led to a century of direct rule in India by
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occupied it. Soon after, Agra assumed the status of capital when
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Agra Fort (1983), Uttar Pradesh – Archaeological Survey of India
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Scene of the gunpowder explosion at Agra Fort, 29 November 1871
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The site is very important in terms of architectural history.
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took the fort in 1785. It was lost by the Marathas to the
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Like the rest of Agra, the history of Agra Fort prior to
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were built in the fort. Some of them were demolished by
656:(1030 AD): the gate originally belonged to the tomb of
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recorded that five hundred buildings in the designs of
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in 1803. The fort was the site of a battle during the
371:, was crowned in the fort in 1530. He was defeated at
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until 1638, when the capital was shifted from Agra to
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Moidams – the Mound-Burial System of the Ahom Dynasty
348:", 1863–1869, photograph mounted on cardboard sheet,
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Rani-ki-Vav (the Queen's Stepwell) at Patan, Gujarat
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Natural Stone and World Heritage: Delhi-Agra, India
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738:The Agra Fort was featured in the music video for
420:It was only during the reign of Akbar's grandson,
1826:Victorian Gothic and Art Deco Ensembles of Mumbai
1442:
801:Exterior of Diwan-i-Am or Hall of Public Audience
637:The Ghaznin Gate, taken in 1842 from the tomb of
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1684:Kakatiya Rudreshwara (Ramappa) Temple, Telangana
813:Interior of Diwan I Am (Hall of Public Audience)
1563:Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks
1542:Great Himalayan National Park Conservation Area
939:Weeks Edwin Gate of the Fortress at Agra India
843:Agra Fort Diwan I Am (Hall of Public Audience)
789:Plan of Agra Fort on display at the fort, 2012
1862:
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1041:Agra Fort: Hon'ble John Russell Colvin's Tomb
1651:Brihadisvara Temple, Gangaikonda Cholapuram
621:though it is part of Akbar's Bengali mahal.
16:Historic site in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
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1855:
1435:
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1499:Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara
718:issued a stamp to commemorate this event.
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1017:Anguri Bagh, the garden in the courtyard
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413:from Barauli area Dhaulpur district, in
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1734:Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park
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721:The Agra Fort plays a key role in the
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1494:Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya
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1568:Qutub Minar and its Monuments, Delhi
951:Inside the Fort's extensive compound
1668:Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram
1250:"The Akbarnama of Abul Fazl Vol. 2"
1208:
616:. It was first discovered near the
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13:
1409:(from Murray's travel guide, 1909)
1368:from the original on 10 April 2020
1194:. Orient Longman. pp. 66–67.
1156:"Agra Fort - World HeritageCentre"
552:that is prevented by this layout.
367:(step well) in it. His successor,
14:
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1903:United Provinces of Agra and Oudh
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1166:from the original on 17 July 2010
891:Delhi gate, by Seeta Ram, 1814–15
755:came to Agra in 1666 as per the "
508:Murray's Handbooks for Travellers
506:Plan of the Red Fort, Agra, from
1689:Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysalas
1673:Group of Monuments at Pattadakal
1362:"The Bengali-Mahal, adfagra.org"
1289:Sinha, Shashank Shekhar (2021).
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712:Aga Khan Award for Architecture
1656:Brihadisvara Temple, Thanjavur
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1096:List of forts in Uttar Pradesh
1:
2207:World Heritage Sites in India
1613:Khangchendzonga National Park
1444:World Heritage Sites in India
1293:. Pan Macmillan. p. 88.
1116:
1744:Churches and convents of Goa
1739:Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus
1488:Darjeeling Himalayan Railway
1470:Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi
1465:Khajuraho Group of Monuments
475:which caused the end of the
7:
1663:Group of Monuments at Hampi
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665:Jahangir's Chain of Justice
10:
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1838:Mountain Railways of India
1801:Historic City of Ahmadabad
1641:Great Living Chola Temples
1460:Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka
927:Decorations on the ceiling
775:
575:palace – "Bengali Mahal".
477:British East India Company
346:The Fort. Delhi Gate. Agra
320:
147:UNESCO World Heritage Site
2153:
2007:
1911:
1885:
1834:
1816:The Jantar Mantar, Jaipur
1749:Dholavira:a Harappan city
1719:
1631:
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1478:
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1340:. CRC Press. p. 84.
1191:Military History of India
757:Treaty of Purandar (1665)
742:, a hit song of Egyptian
497:
401:, Hall of Public Audience
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185:
173:
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40:
28:
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1678:Nilgiri Mountain Railway
1618:Manas Wildlife Sanctuary
1514:Sundarbans National Park
597:Jahangir's Hauz, 1916–18
473:Indian rebellion of 1857
469:Second Anglo-Maratha War
1764:Hill Forts of Rajasthan
1608:Kaziranga National Park
1315:"The Explosion at Agra"
453:Third Battle of Panipat
439:The fort was under the
357:First Battle of Panipat
209:27.179542°N 78.021101°E
1806:Jaipur City, Rajasthan
1552:Keoladeo National Park
1029:Agra Fort: Shish Mahal
710:The Agra Fort won the
691:
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598:
511:
491:
402:
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335:Battle of Delhi (1556)
329:Agra Fort captured by
64:Architectural style(s)
2202:Mughal fortifications
1547:Humayun's Tomb, Delhi
1224:Verma, Amrit (1985).
855:Amar Singh Gate, Agra
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612:which mentions it as
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505:
489:
397:
389:Battle of Tughlaqabad
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59:38 ha (94 acres)
1694:Chennakeshava Temple
1646:Airavatesvara Temple
1588:Complexe du Capitole
1557:Kalka–Shimla railway
963:Rampart of Agra Fort
759:" entered into with
728:The Sign of the Four
214:27.179542; 78.021101
159:Cultural: (iii)
1699:Hoysaleswara Temple
1135:www.tajmahal.gov.in
975:Bathtub of Jahangir
317:for 13 years.
276:World Heritage Site
205: /
128:Government of India
116:Maratha Confederacy
1509:Sun Temple, Konark
1387:Agra Museum notice
1270:on 3 December 2009
733:Arthur Conan Doyle
705:In popular culture
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673:(Shah-Burj) &
671:The Muthamman Burj
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530:Amar Singh Rathore
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303:Sikandar Khan Lodi
243:) is a historical
130:(1947–present day)
122:British Government
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903:Agra Fort insides
457:Ahmad Shah Abdali
255:. Mughal emperor
233:
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1794:Ranthambore Fort
1573:Red Fort Complex
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1266:. Archived from
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626:Shahjahani Mahal
589:Historical sites
344:Samuel Bourne, "
295:Mahmud of Ghazni
251:, also known as
225:Map of Agra Fort
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1101:Bibi Ka Maqbara
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46:
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27:
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19:
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2050:Chhai Pokhar
2025:Barauli Ahir
1774:Chittor Fort
1759:Ellora Caves
1729:Ajanta Caves
1531:
1504:Santiniketan
1382:
1370:. Retrieved
1356:
1337:
1331:
1319:. Retrieved
1309:
1290:
1284:
1272:. Retrieved
1268:the original
1258:
1244:
1225:
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1180:
1168:. Retrieved
1159:
1150:
1138:. Retrieved
1134:
1125:
1059:in Agra Fort
879:Diwan-i-Khas
831:in Agra Fort
769:Diwan-i-Khas
747:Hisham Abbas
726:
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654:Ghaznin Gate
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541:white marble
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430:white marble
426:Mumtaz Mahal
419:
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383:'s general,
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236:
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92:Suri Dynasty
80:Lodi Dynasty
18:
2140:Sarokhipura
1984:Nainana Jat
1789:Kumbhalgarh
1779:Gagron Fort
1321:28 December
1170:26 December
1140:23 February
1131:"Agra Fort"
1081:Lahore Fort
1071:Jama Masjid
1057:calligraphy
829:Calligraphy
761:Jai Singh I
694:Shish Mahal
690:Shish Mahal
647:Afghanistan
543:. A wooden
517:battlements
467:during the
399:Diwan-i-Aam
375:in 1540 by
333:before the
212: /
187:Coordinates
174:Inscription
124:(1803–1947)
118:(1785–1803)
112:(1774–1785)
106:(1761–1774)
100:(1556–1761)
94:(1540–1555)
88:(1526–1540)
82:(1504–1526)
2186:Categories
2115:Purabirbal
1160:UNESCO.ORG
1117:References
740:Habibi Dah
716:India Post
700:and Delhi.
572:Shah Jahan
560:Abul Fazal
545:drawbridge
521:embrasures
443:rulers of
422:Shah Jahan
355:After the
288:Shah Jahan
200:78°01′16″E
197:27°10′46″N
177:1984 (8th
2192:Agra Fort
2171:Taj Mahal
2161:Agra Fort
2154:Buildings
2145:Tarrakpur
2055:Daultabad
2040:Beesalpur
2035:Bateshwar
2015:Chamrauli
1999:Swamibagh
1994:Shamsabad
1974:Kheragarh
1959:Fatehabad
1944:Dayalbagh
1836:^part of
1769:Amer Fort
1600:Northeast
1578:Taj Mahal
1532:Agra Fort
1091:Taj Mahal
988:Taj Mahal
765:Aurangzeb
731:, by Sir
714:in 2004.
679:chabutara
618:courtyard
549:elephants
445:Bharatpur
434:Aurangzeb
415:Rajasthan
411:sandstone
407:Abul Fazl
359:in 1526,
315:Bharatpur
284:renovated
280:Taj Mahal
241:Qila Agra
237:Agra Fort
164:Reference
35:Agra Fort
24:Agra Fort
2135:Sakatpur
2120:Rudhmuli
2110:Midhakur
2095:Karahara
2080:Holipura
2065:Digrauta
2060:Dhimsiri
2045:Bichpuri
2008:Villages
1954:Etmadpur
1949:Dhanauli
1919:Achhnera
1372:11 April
1366:Archived
1188:(1960).
1164:Archived
1086:Red Fort
1065:See also
763:to meet
744:pop star
725:mystery
675:Jharokha
604:Jahangir
155:Criteria
41:Location
2090:Kagarol
1989:Pinahat
1979:Kiraoli
1929:Azizpur
1886:History
1452:Central
1252:. 1907.
1054:Persian
826:Persian
776:Gallery
767:in the
753:Shivaji
610:Persian
606:'s Hauz
568:Gujarat
481:Britain
465:British
432:. When
373:Bilgram
369:Humayun
321:History
307:Humayun
299:Rajputs
257:Humayun
179:Session
51:, India
2130:Saivan
2125:Sahara
2100:Khanwa
2030:Barhan
2020:Barara
1969:Jagner
1939:Barhan
1880:topics
1344:
1297:
1274:19 May
1232:
1198:
1005:inside
698:Lahore
643:Ghazni
564:Bengal
498:Layout
273:UNESCO
68:Mughal
2197:Akbar
2105:Meoli
2085:Jarar
2070:Doora
1893:Akbar
1633:South
1524:North
537:Akbar
365:baoli
361:Babur
269:Delhi
261:Akbar
74:Owner
1924:Agra
1721:West
1480:East
1374:2020
1342:ISBN
1323:2020
1295:ISBN
1276:2013
1230:ISBN
1196:ISBN
1172:2019
1142:2022
566:and
510:1911
385:Hemu
331:Hemu
311:Jats
249:Agra
245:fort
235:The
56:Area
45:Agra
1934:Bah
641:in
455:by
441:Jat
313:of
286:by
168:251
2188::
1364:.
1210:^
1162:.
1158:.
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645:,
585:.
532:.
523:,
519:,
483:.
391:.
290:.
47:,
1870:e
1863:t
1856:v
1680:^
1559:^
1490:^
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1429:t
1422:v
1376:.
1350:.
1325:.
1303:.
1278:.
1238:.
1204:.
1174:.
1144:.
749:.
735:.
239:(
181:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
