313:
2012); 1,151,526 tons of tomatoes (1,392,700 tons in 2012); 15,766 tons of sweet potatoes (20,000 tons in 2012); 373,131 tons of wheat (59,000 tons in 2012); 333,000 tons of olives (627,000 tons in 2013); 151,650 tons of rice (184,100 tons in 2012); 215,337 tons of oranges (183,400 tons in 2012). Wine, particularly Port and
Madeira from the Douro region and the Madeira islands, is an important agricultural export; production totalled 679,000 tons in 1999, down from 1,137,000 tons in 1990. Portugal, as of 2013, is the world's tenth-largest producer of wine, although Portugal's wines are mostly unknown internationally apart from Port and Rosé. Under the influence of EU policies, vineyard areas have been reduced in recent years. In 2012, the food deficit (food imports minus food exports) was of €3.33 billion.
234:
17:
698:
1742:
1044:
an initial stage. The
Portuguese are growing more conscious of health and the environment, which explains the rising interest in natural foods and fibres. Their increasing purchasing power encourages this development. However, these positive factors for the expansion of organic production may not be enough to guarantee a continuous increase in the future, since several obstacles hinder the farmers’ performance.
263:
estimates, about 9,000 km (2,200,000 acres) of agricultural land were occupied between April 1974 and
December 1975 in the name of land reform; about 32% of the occupations were ruled illegal. In January 1976, the government pledged to restore the illegally occupied land to its owners, and in 1977, it promulgated the Land Reform Review Law. Restoration of illegally occupied land began in 1978.
593:
195:
267:
986:
Local manufacturers felt the squeeze on profit margins as big retailers preferred to cut costs by buying from neighboring countries. France and Spain dominate consumer-ready frozen and non-frozen food products. Spanish fruits and horticultural products are easily found all over
Portugal's hypermarket
229:
Portugal's overall agricultural performance was unfavourable when viewed in the context of the country's natural resources and climatic conditions. Agricultural productivity (gross farm output per person employed) was well below that of the other West
European countries in 1985, at half of the levels
312:
In 1998, 28% of the land was considered arable. Of the 26,000 km (7 million acres), 74% was cultivated with seasonal crops and 26% was under permanent crops. In 2001, the gross agricultural product accounted for 4% of GDP. In 1999, Portugal produced 949,117 tons of potatoes (389,800 tons in
1043:
regions, traditional farming approximates organic farming methods, which eases conversion. With horticulture or orchards, the change is not so easy, and therefore there are not as many farmers converting. The supply is still less than the demand, reflecting the fact that organic farming is still at
688:
In 2017, Portugal produced 876,215 tons of olives; 868,635 tons of grapes; 329,371 tons of apples; 319,743 tons of oranges; 202,277 tons of pears, 41,646 tons of peaches and nectarines; 39,588 tons of melons; 39,052 tons of tangerines, mandarins, clementines and satsumas; 35,411 tons of kiwifruit;
1030:
has steadily increased in the past years. From only 73 producers in 1993, it rapidly grew to more than 1,500 in 2005. Today, more than 2,000 km are managed organically, which testifies to the prevailing dynamics. The farmers’ sudden interest in organic agriculture clearly has to do with the
257:
A number of factors contributed to
Portugal's poor agricultural performance. First, the level of investment in agriculture was traditionally very low. The number of tractors and the quantity of fertilizer used per unit area was one-third the European Community average in the mid-1980s. Second,
1192:
In the mid-1980s, agricultural productivity was half that of the levels in Greece and Spain and a quarter of the EC average. The land tenure system was polarized between two extremes: small and fragmented family farms in the north and large collective farms in the south that proved incapable of
1014:
Hypermarkets and supermarkets, including joint ventures between the
Portuguese and French, control over 50 percent of retail food sales. The Portuguese government put the brakes on the tremendous growth of hypermarkets in an effort to protect smaller retailers. With their high buying power, the
262:
of 25 April 1974, proved incapable of modernizing, and their efficiency declined. Fourth, poor productivity was associated with the low level of education of farmers. Finally, distribution channels and economic infrastructure were inadequate in parts of the country. According to government
1010:
store, traditional wholesaler or from retailer associations and cooperatives. The associations and cooperatives, made up mostly of small store owners, help members increase purchasing power, compete with larger stores and access training and trade seminars. But the role of import agents and
959:
Competitors are always well represented at
Portuguese agricultural fairs and food-related shows. Other nations advertise in Portugal's food magazines and on television, and join with hotels in weekly menu promotions, complete with food products, cooks, exhibits and decorations.
186:. The land area of slightly more than 9.2 million hectares was classified as follows (in thousands of hectares): 2,755 arable land and permanent crops (including 710 in permanent crops), 530 permanent pasture, 3,640 forest and woodland, and 2,270 other land.
479:
Portugal's cereals production only meets 20% of consumption. Oats production meets 67.6% of consumption; rye production meets 44.7% of consumption; corn production meets 26.8% of consumption and wheat production meets 4% of consumption.
258:
farms in the north were small and fragmented; half of them were less than one hectare in size, and 86 percent less than five hectares. Third, the collective farms set up in the south after the 1974–75 expropriations following the
226:(EC) members. Portugal's agro-food deficit (attributable mainly to grain, oilseed, and meat imports) represented about 2.5 percent of GDP, but its surplus on forestry products (wood, cork, and paper pulp) offset its food deficit.
1193:
modernizing. The decollectivization of agriculture, which began in modest form in the late 1970s and accelerated in the late 1980s, promised to increase the efficiency of human and land resources in the south during the 1990s.
963:
Competition also heats up among
Portuguese and foreign firms over extremely expensive hypermarket shelf space. Suppliers fight to maintain and expand exposure of their products as the number of
967:
boomed since the 1990s. The struggle is getting even more intense as larger stores continue to carry more private label products, constricting shelf space even more for branded products.
2304:
2552:
2567:
2519:
2524:
2376:
2529:
1322:
2446:
2386:
1103:, is among the oldest, largest and most prestigious in the country regarding both the teaching of agricultural sciences and research. Other public universities like the
2557:
2562:
2509:
998:, Portugal maintains quite a varied distribution network. The food distribution structure includes wholesalers, retailers (hypermarkets, supermarkets, cooperatives,
2547:
2254:
2572:
2514:
2401:
2391:
1006:), institutions and associations. Portuguese retailers generally make their purchases through a broker from the manufacturer or directly from a distributor,
843:
These are the most protected wine and indicates a specific vineyard, such as Port Wine, Vinhos Verdes, and
Alentejo Wines. These wines are labeled D.O.C. (
1641:
1422:
991:
chains. The European Union, South America, the Middle East and China also compete with dried fruits, tree nuts, pulses and prepared product markets.
1244:
1112:
1075:
institutes (there are 15 across the country), have a school of agriculture awarding bachelor's and master's degrees in the subject. The
1223:
1461:
2155:
1347:
1159:
2354:
2228:
2125:
214:'s labour force but accounted for only 6.2 percent of GDP in 1990. With the principal exception of the alluvial soils of the
2284:
1890:
1124:
527:
1077:
301:(CAP). With the reform of CAP, a significant reduction in the number of producers through consolidation (especially in the
1828:
1787:
1576:
1941:
1885:
1656:
1631:
1591:
597:'Rocha' Pear is a native Portuguese variety of pear which gained success in the Portuguese export-oriented fruit market.
2181:
1959:
1474:
1290:
1082:
178:
producers in the world and is the fourth biggest exporter. The country is also one of the world's largest exporters of
2593:
2491:
1015:
hypermarkets can be more competitive in pricing and could easily squeeze smaller businesses out of the marketplace.
2614:
2329:
1797:
1091:
791:
522:
489:
1269:
689:
30,957 tons of watermelons; 29,875 tons of chestnuts 29,784 tons of plums and sloes and 27,844 tons of bananas.
2416:
2411:
1969:
1491:
1100:
31:
is based on small to medium-sized family-owned dispersed units; however, the sector also includes larger-scale
796:
1843:
1802:
1767:
1454:
1676:
2150:
1993:
1931:
1717:
1712:
1060:
536:
2135:
1863:
1777:
1671:
1586:
1571:
852:
Wines that have more regulations placed upon them but are not in a DOC region fall under the category of
673:(oranges), are examples of well-known Portuguese certified products. Portugal is the largest producer of
286:
2476:
2221:
1792:
1762:
1646:
1616:
1248:
1007:
298:
1205:
2406:
2366:
2269:
1782:
1722:
1696:
1666:
1661:
1104:
892:
60:
2381:
2065:
2030:
2010:
1868:
1833:
1581:
1447:
1089:
awarding bachelor's, masters' and doctorate degrees in varied agricultural science subfields. The
2577:
2461:
2456:
2289:
2093:
2040:
2015:
1880:
1873:
1686:
666:
568:
131:
126:
has also played an important economic role among the rural communities and industry (namely the
2486:
2436:
2396:
2349:
2344:
2334:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2294:
2279:
2274:
2264:
2259:
2249:
2120:
1848:
1681:
1626:
1621:
1601:
1160:
https://florestas.pt/valorizar/de-portugal-para-o-mundo-produtos-florestais-lideres-de-mercado/
1072:
302:
1108:
1047:
In 2011, more than 220,000 hectares were managed organically while there were 5938 producers.
2481:
2471:
2451:
2441:
2426:
2421:
2371:
2339:
2324:
2299:
2214:
2115:
2045:
2020:
1979:
1895:
1853:
1838:
1750:
1727:
1606:
1394:
540:
405:
are competitive. Improved marketing practices since the 1990s increased the demand for fresh
20:
Portugal has about 530 thousand hectares of permanent pasture, including this pasture in the
321:
Portugal's climatic and topographic conditions allow for a large number of crops, including
2466:
2361:
2140:
2050:
1816:
1691:
1064:
259:
1408:
532:
362:
147:
8:
2174:
2085:
2060:
2035:
1974:
1949:
1909:
1566:
1560:
1482:
1134:
1129:
1011:
traditional brokers declined, and retailers are becoming more adept at direct importing.
972:
552:
2103:
2098:
2025:
1954:
1936:
1549:
1351:
1171:
1003:
432:(778 thousand tons). The country also produced, in the same year, 713 thousand tons of
223:
560:
139:
2190:
2145:
2130:
2075:
2055:
2005:
1926:
1772:
1596:
968:
920:
726:
246:
199:
32:
2070:
1554:
1111:, have departments for both agronomy and agriculture, or related engineerings. The
1040:
827:
786:
306:
76:
21:
1423:"Agricultura biológica aumentou 20 vezes a área em apenas década e meia – PÚBLICO"
1085:, is the oldest polytechnic institution of agriculture. There is also a number of
2195:
2108:
1964:
1858:
1348:"Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) / Protected Geographical Indication (PGI)"
1036:
1023:
904:
737:
398:
309:
regions) resulted in the end of traditional, subsistence-like based agriculture.
294:
270:
203:
159:
135:
120:
504:, Carne da Charneca, Carne de Bovino Cruzado dos Lameiros do Barroso, Carne dos
1636:
1323:"Custo de produção dos cereais está a aumentar, agricultores estão preocupados"
1158:
De Portugal para o mundo: produtos florestais lĂderes de mercado, Florestas.pt
1032:
999:
870:
carries with it only the producer and the designation that it is from Portugal.
623:
548:
544:
501:
441:
374:
354:
290:
127:
924:
233:
2608:
1611:
772:
767:
Pork is also a very popular meat in Portugal. Pork meat is often served with
759:
715:
406:
222:, crop yields and animal productivity remained well below those of the other
72:
16:
657:
1651:
1183:
1086:
943:
producers in Portugal. Its aim was the increase of Portuguese high-quality
900:
896:
880:
748:
564:
370:
278:
171:
116:
56:
36:
1310:
1509:
1499:
1372:
1350:. European Commission — Agriculture and Rural Development. Archived from
1224:"Produção de azeitona em 2013 bate recorde dos últimos 50 anos – PÚBLICO"
1115:(INRB) is the national research institute for agriculture and fisheries.
1035:
and higher market prices. In some cases, such as the olive groves of the
988:
964:
697:
242:
104:
68:
2206:
1544:
1534:
1056:
584:
452:, in addition to smaller yields of other agricultural products such as
413:
products of Portuguese origin in both the domestic and export markets.
390:
1539:
1519:
1514:
888:
884:
830:
are due to noble castas, microclimates, soils and proper technology.
497:
358:
338:
274:
183:
175:
154:). In 2013, the gross agricultural product accounted for 2.4% of the
143:
44:
40:
1439:
508:, Carne Marinhoa, Carne Maronesa, Carne Mertolenga, Carne Mirandesa.
198:
Most of Portugal's farms have a small area devoted to a diversified
1741:
1524:
1504:
1470:
1139:
1096:
1068:
1027:
932:
806:
682:
648:
631:
425:
394:
334:
238:
219:
211:
167:
123:
112:
108:
52:
1050:
146:
industry that includes several manufacturing plants in and around
995:
928:
916:
908:
703:
617:
521:. There are certified cheese-producing regions, including D.O.C./
453:
100:
64:
980:
940:
936:
912:
678:
644:
556:
518:
505:
461:
437:
417:
382:
350:
346:
342:
330:
250:
92:
48:
837:
Quality Wine Produced in a Specific Region (QWPSR) or VQPRD –
1529:
768:
674:
669:'s cherries, a number of chestnut producing regions, and the
609:
603:
592:
575:
469:
465:
457:
445:
433:
429:
410:
402:
378:
326:
322:
215:
163:
96:
88:
84:
266:
210:
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing employed 17.8 percent of
194:
976:
948:
944:
473:
449:
428:(1.33 million tons) and the 20th largest world producer of
421:
386:
366:
179:
151:
80:
75:. Portugal produces a wide variety of products, including
811:
776:
155:
71:
organisation has been reaching a greater importance with
424:(162 thousand tons), the 17th largest world producer of
420:(740 thousand tons), the 16th largest world producer of
416:
In 2018, Portugal was the 9th largest world producer of
150:, the core of Portugal's major industrial operations of
488:
The European Union recognises the following Portuguese
230:
in Greece and Spain and a quarter of the EC average.
1172:
https://azeitedoalentejo.pt/en/o-azeite-do-alentejo/
879:
Among the largest companies in the agricultural and
1642:
United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves
994:With a land area about the size of the US state of
939:, developed and supported agriculture projects for
863:Carries with it a specific region within Portugal.
1409:Unicer compra 40 mil toneladas de cevada nacional
954:
158:. Portugal is the largest world producer of both
2606:
839:Vinho de Qualidade Produzido em RegiĂŁo Demarcada
794:(POD). There are many dishes with pork like the
1051:Education, training and research in Agriculture
218:River valley and the irrigated sections of the
1170:An ancestral relationship, Azeite do Alentejo
316:
2222:
1455:
677:in the world and the 5th largest producer of
293:(EU), Portugal's agriculture, like in other
1411:, Vida Rural (magazine), (December 3, 2008)
170:and the third largest European producer of
166:, as well as the third largest exporter of
2229:
2215:
1462:
1448:
1291:"Portugal reduziu défice alimentar em 15%"
1113:Instituto Nacional dos Recursos BiolĂłgicos
856:(IPR, Indication of Regulated Provenance).
814:, is also typical and popular, as well as
591:
2236:
1063:institutions devoted to the teaching of
947:for use in the producing process of its
883:sector of Portugal are such examples as
696:
277:which is produced from vineyards of the
265:
232:
193:
174:. Portugal is among the top ten largest
15:
1420:
1221:
854:Indicação de Proveniência Regulamentada
2607:
285:Following its adhesion in 1986 to the
2210:
1469:
1443:
775:that are commonly found in the large
517:Portugal produces a wide variety of
1311:Portugal production in 2018, by FAO
847:) which secures a superior quality.
13:
1083:Polytechnical Institute of Coimbra
1078:Escola Superior Agrária de Coimbra
1018:
14:
2626:
1247:. Faostat.fao.org. Archived from
1031:financial support offered by the
826:The quality and great variety of
297:, has been heavily shaped by the
1740:
1395:Reading labels of Portugal wines
1125:Denominação de Origem Controlada
1095:(ISA), the university school of
935:. The leading Portuguese brewer
845:Denominação de Origem Controlada
528:Denominação de Origem Controlada
1632:History of Portugal (1777–1834)
1414:
1399:
1387:
1365:
1340:
1315:
1210:The Encyclopedia of the Nations
1092:Instituto Superior de Agronomia
874:
792:Protected Designation of Origin
523:Protected designation of origin
490:Protected Designation of Origin
1304:
1283:
1262:
1237:
1215:
1198:
1176:
1164:
1152:
1101:Technical University of Lisbon
955:Retail market and distribution
1:
1145:
1272:. Transowine.com. 2013-10-30
1270:"2013 TOP 10 WINE COUNTRIES"
1190:, U.S. Library of Congress,
804:(roasted piglet). Pork made
7:
1118:
983:are the biggest retailers.
797:carne de porco Ă alentejana
317:Major agricultural products
287:European Economic Community
10:
2631:
701:Distribution of the genus
512:
299:Common Agricultural Policy
189:
39:backed by companies (like
2586:
2538:
2500:
2242:
2168:
2084:
2001:
1992:
1917:
1908:
1824:
1815:
1758:
1749:
1738:
1705:
1490:
1481:
1105:University of the Algarve
640:
630:
616:
602:
590:
583:
476:(55 thousand tons), etc.
1942:Exclusive Economic Zone
1829:Administrative divisions
821:
574:
569:Serra da Estrela cheeses
496:Carne Alentejana, Carne
245:of Portugal" due to its
182:, being reputed for its
2615:Agriculture in Portugal
1657:Constitutional monarchy
1071:. Almost all state-run
833:Official designations:
692:
502:Carne Cachena da Peneda
483:
448:, 160 thousand tons of
444:, 267 thousand tons of
440:, 344 thousand tons of
436:, 431 thousand tons of
138:industry that includes
132:Portucel Soporcel Group
29:Agriculture in Portugal
2285:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1960:Science and technology
1627:1761 Lisbon earthquake
1622:1755 Lisbon earthquake
1421:PĂşblico (2012-10-07).
1222:PĂşblico (2014-02-19).
1206:"Portugal Agriculture"
893:Companhia das LezĂrias
783:) of the country. The
764:
282:
254:
207:
61:Companhia das LezĂrias
25:
2237:Agriculture in Europe
1662:Republican Revolution
1607:Treaty of Tordesillas
1592:Portuguese golden age
1577:1383–1385 interregnum
1065:agricultural sciences
700:
681:in Europe, mostly at
531:). These include the
464:(108 thousand tons),
460:(130 thousand tons),
456:(137 thousand tons),
281:in northern Portugal.
269:
236:
197:
19:
2156:World Heritage Sites
1692:Carnation Revolution
472:(57 thousand tons),
468:(67 thousand tons),
202:, like these in the
2501:States with limited
1567:Kingdom of Portugal
1561:Manifestis Probatum
1293:. Jn.pt. 2013-02-27
1135:Fishing in Portugal
1130:Economy of Portugal
1109:University of Évora
1081:, belonging to the
818:, a wet-cured ham.
273:include the famous
1970:Telecommunications
1647:Liberal Revolution
1550:County of Portugal
1393:Platini, Estelle:
1375:. Faostat3.fao.org
1055:There are several
1004:convenience stores
790:has the status of
765:
671:Laranja do Algarve
537:Cabra Transmontano
283:
255:
224:European Community
208:
26:
2602:
2601:
2204:
2203:
2164:
2163:
1988:
1987:
1904:
1903:
1891:Political parties
1844:Foreign relations
1811:
1810:
1773:Iberian Peninsula
1736:
1735:
1582:Treaty of Windsor
969:Modelo Continente
828:wines in Portugal
727:Quercus pyrenaica
654:
653:
500:, Carne BarrosĂŁ,
363:SĂŁo Miguel Island
247:extensive farming
241:is known as the "
200:intensive farming
148:Paços de Ferreira
121:edible mushrooms.
67:). The extent of
33:intensive farming
2622:
2539:Dependencies and
2243:Sovereign states
2231:
2224:
2217:
2208:
2207:
2184:
2177:
1999:
1998:
1945:
1932:Economic history
1915:
1914:
1822:
1821:
1756:
1755:
1744:
1555:Treaty of Zamora
1488:
1487:
1464:
1457:
1450:
1441:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1418:
1412:
1407:
1403:
1397:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1359:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1319:
1313:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1298:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1277:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1180:
1174:
1168:
1162:
1156:
1061:higher education
1000:small businesses
973:JerĂłnimo Martins
859:Regional Wine –
800:and the typical
787:Porco Alentejano
756:
745:
734:
723:
712:
663:Maçã de Alcobaça
595:
581:
580:
385:for processing,
295:EU member states
271:Portuguese wines
77:green vegetables
35:export-oriented
22:Alentejo Litoral
2630:
2629:
2625:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2605:
2604:
2603:
2598:
2582:
2540:
2534:
2520:Northern Cyprus
2502:
2496:
2417:North Macedonia
2238:
2235:
2205:
2200:
2187:
2180:
2173:
2160:
2136:Public holidays
2080:
1984:
1943:
1900:
1864:Law enforcement
1807:
1745:
1732:
1701:
1617:Restoration War
1477:
1468:
1438:
1437:
1428:
1426:
1419:
1415:
1406:(in Portuguese)
1405:
1404:
1400:
1392:
1388:
1378:
1376:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1357:
1355:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1332:
1330:
1329:(in Portuguese)
1321:
1320:
1316:
1309:
1305:
1296:
1294:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1275:
1273:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1254:
1252:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1229:
1227:
1220:
1216:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1188:Country Studies
1182:
1181:
1177:
1169:
1165:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1121:
1053:
1024:Organic farming
1021:
1019:Organic farming
957:
877:
824:
763:
754:
752:
743:
741:
738:Quercus faginea
732:
730:
721:
719:
710:
708:
695:
598:
579:
515:
486:
375:leaf vegetables
319:
289:(EEC), now the
204:Oeste Subregion
192:
140:Sonae IndĂşstria
136:engineered wood
12:
11:
5:
2628:
2618:
2617:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2594:European Union
2590:
2588:
2587:Other entities
2584:
2583:
2581:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2544:
2542:
2541:other entities
2536:
2535:
2533:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2506:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2492:United Kingdom
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
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2307:
2305:Czech Republic
2302:
2297:
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2277:
2272:
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2262:
2257:
2252:
2246:
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2240:
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2162:
2161:
2159:
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2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
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2112:
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2096:
2090:
2088:
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2079:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2002:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1965:Stock Exchange
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1918:
1912:
1906:
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1700:
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1697:Third Republic
1694:
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1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1667:First Republic
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1637:Peninsular War
1634:
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1175:
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1144:
1143:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1120:
1117:
1052:
1049:
1033:European Union
1020:
1017:
1008:cash-and-carry
956:
953:
905:Sumol + Compal
876:
873:
872:
871:
866:Table Wines –
864:
861:Vinho Regional
857:
850:
849:
848:
823:
820:
810:, a dry-cured
773:white truffles
753:
742:
731:
720:
709:
694:
691:
652:
651:
642:
638:
637:
634:
628:
627:
624:Pyrus communis
620:
614:
613:
606:
600:
599:
596:
588:
587:
578:
573:
541:Castelo Branco
514:
511:
510:
509:
485:
482:
355:Madeira Island
318:
315:
291:European Union
237:The region of
191:
188:
130:that includes
128:paper industry
37:agrobusinesses
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2627:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2595:
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2589:
2585:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2553:Faroe Islands
2551:
2549:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2537:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2525:South Ossetia
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2499:
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2400:
2398:
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2377:Liechtenstein
2375:
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2209:
2197:
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2183:
2179:
2176:
2172:
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2167:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2105:
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2100:
2097:
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2089:
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2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1981:
1978:
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1615:
1613:
1612:Iberian Union
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1587:Consolidation
1585:
1583:
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1417:
1410:
1402:
1396:
1390:
1374:
1368:
1354:on 2007-08-18
1353:
1349:
1343:
1328:
1324:
1318:
1312:
1307:
1292:
1286:
1271:
1265:
1251:on 2013-01-14
1250:
1246:
1240:
1225:
1218:
1211:
1207:
1201:
1194:
1189:
1185:
1179:
1173:
1167:
1161:
1155:
1151:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
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1079:
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1045:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
992:
990:
984:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
961:
952:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
869:
868:Vinho de Mesa
865:
862:
858:
855:
851:
846:
842:
841:
840:
836:
835:
834:
831:
829:
819:
817:
813:
809:
808:
803:
799:
798:
793:
789:
788:
782:
779:grove (genus
778:
774:
770:
762:
761:
760:Quercus suber
751:
750:
740:
739:
729:
728:
718:
717:
716:Quercus robur
706:
705:
699:
690:
686:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
667:Cova da Beira
664:
660:
659:
650:
646:
643:
639:
635:
633:
629:
626:
625:
621:
619:
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612:
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594:
589:
586:
582:
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558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
529:
524:
520:
507:
503:
499:
495:
494:
493:
492:beef brands:
491:
481:
477:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
414:
412:
408:
407:horticultural
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
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336:
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328:
324:
314:
310:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
261:
260:military coup
252:
248:
244:
240:
235:
231:
227:
225:
221:
217:
213:
205:
201:
196:
187:
185:
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177:
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169:
165:
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157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
73:globalization
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
23:
18:
2530:Transnistria
2431:
2094:Architecture
2066:Prostitution
2031:Homelessness
2011:Demographics
1927:Central bank
1921:
1869:Human rights
1834:Constitution
1687:Overseas War
1652:Liberal Wars
1559:
1427:. Retrieved
1425:. Publico.pt
1416:
1401:
1389:
1377:. Retrieved
1367:
1356:. Retrieved
1352:the original
1342:
1331:. Retrieved
1326:
1317:
1306:
1295:. Retrieved
1285:
1274:. Retrieved
1264:
1253:. Retrieved
1249:the original
1239:
1228:. Retrieved
1226:. Publico.pt
1217:
1209:
1200:
1191:
1187:
1178:
1166:
1154:
1090:
1087:universities
1076:
1054:
1046:
1022:
1013:
993:
985:
965:hypermarkets
962:
958:
901:Sovena Group
897:Vale da Rosa
881:agribusiness
878:
875:Agribusiness
867:
860:
853:
844:
838:
832:
825:
815:
805:
801:
795:
784:
780:
766:
758:
749:Quercus ilex
747:
736:
725:
714:
707:in Portugal.
702:
687:
670:
662:
656:
655:
622:
608:
526:
516:
487:
478:
415:
371:table grapes
320:
311:
284:
279:Douro Valley
256:
228:
209:
117:table grapes
57:Vale da Rosa
28:
27:
2568:Isle of Man
2503:recognition
2477:Switzerland
2412:Netherlands
2041:Immigration
2016:Drug policy
1922:Agriculture
1798:Earthquakes
1682:Estado Novo
1672:World War I
1602:Renaissance
1510:Lusitanians
1500:Oestriminis
1379:10 February
1073:polytechnic
989:supermarket
391:sugar beets
253:production.
243:breadbasket
69:cooperative
2447:San Marino
2407:Montenegro
2387:Luxembourg
2367:Kazakhstan
2270:Azerbaijan
2116:Literature
1886:Parliament
1849:Government
1677:28 de Maio
1545:Al-Andalus
1429:2016-06-17
1358:2007-08-10
1333:2021-11-03
1297:2016-06-17
1276:2016-06-17
1255:2016-06-17
1230:2016-06-17
1184:"Portugal"
1146:References
1057:vocational
887:(owner of
665:(apples),
658:PĂŞra Rocha
585:Rocha Pear
184:fine wines
142:, and the
24:subregion.
2558:Gibraltar
2382:Lithuania
2126:Monuments
2046:Languages
2021:Education
1980:Transport
1896:President
1854:Judiciary
1839:Elections
1803:Volcanoes
1768:Mountains
1751:Geography
1540:Visigoths
1520:Gallaecia
1515:Lusitania
1373:"Faostat"
1245:"Faostat"
889:Vitacress
885:Grupo RAR
785:Carne de
661:(pears),
553:SĂŁo Jorge
498:Arouquesa
395:mushrooms
359:pineapple
339:sunflower
335:mushrooms
275:Port wine
176:olive oil
144:furniture
45:Vitacress
41:Grupo RAR
2609:Category
2578:Svalbard
2563:Guernsey
2510:Abkhazia
2462:Slovenia
2457:Slovakia
2432:Portugal
2290:Bulgaria
2191:Category
2141:Religion
2051:Naturism
1881:Military
1817:Politics
1728:Language
1718:Military
1706:By topic
1572:Monarchs
1525:Hispania
1505:Ophiussa
1492:Timeline
1475:articles
1471:Portugal
1140:Portugal
1119:See also
1107:and the
1097:agronomy
1069:Portugal
1037:northern
1028:Portugal
933:Lactogal
807:presunto
683:Alentejo
649:Portugal
632:Cultivar
561:Santarém
426:tomatoes
383:tomatoes
343:tomatoes
239:Alentejo
220:Alentejo
212:Portugal
168:chestnut
124:Forestry
113:bilberry
109:cherries
101:oilseeds
53:Lactogal
2487:Ukraine
2437:Romania
2397:Moldova
2355:Ireland
2350:Iceland
2345:Hungary
2335:Germany
2330:Georgia
2320:Finland
2315:Estonia
2310:Denmark
2295:Croatia
2280:Belgium
2275:Belarus
2265:Austria
2260:Armenia
2255:Andorra
2250:Albania
2175:Outline
2151:Symbols
2104:Cuisine
2086:Culture
2061:Poverty
2036:Housing
1994:Society
1975:Tourism
1950:Fishing
1910:Economy
1788:Regions
1778:Islands
1713:Economy
1483:History
1099:of the
1041:central
996:Indiana
929:Valouro
917:Frulact
909:Sogrape
816:fiambre
781:Quercus
704:Quercus
636:'Rocha'
618:Species
533:AzeitĂŁo
519:cheeses
513:Cheeses
454:cabbage
351:bananas
347:cereals
190:History
65:Valouro
2573:Jersey
2515:Kosovo
2482:Turkey
2472:Sweden
2452:Serbia
2442:Russia
2427:Poland
2422:Norway
2402:Monaco
2372:Latvia
2340:Greece
2325:France
2300:Cyprus
2196:Portal
2099:Cinema
2056:People
2026:Health
1955:Mining
1937:Energy
1793:Rivers
1763:Cities
1597:Empire
1473:
981:Auchan
941:barley
937:Unicer
921:Amorim
913:Derovo
802:leitĂŁo
769:acorns
757:
755:
746:
744:
735:
733:
724:
722:
713:
711:
679:tomato
645:Sintra
641:Origin
557:Saloio
506:Açores
462:carrot
442:orange
438:potato
418:olives
403:olives
357:) and
331:citrus
323:olives
307:Centro
251:cereal
134:, the
97:olives
93:barley
49:Sovena
2548:Ă…land
2467:Spain
2392:Malta
2362:Italy
2182:Index
2146:Sport
2131:Music
2121:Media
2076:Women
2006:Crime
1944:(EEZ)
1783:Lakes
1723:Music
1530:Suebi
1327:TVI24
949:beers
925:Delta
822:Wines
675:carob
610:Pyrus
604:Genus
576:Fruit
565:Serpa
470:melon
466:wheat
458:onion
446:apple
434:maize
430:grape
411:fruit
379:dairy
303:Norte
216:Tagus
164:carob
89:wheat
2109:Wine
2071:Time
1874:LGBT
1535:Buri
1381:2021
1059:and
1039:and
987:and
979:and
977:Lidl
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