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401:, the head of the Central Secretariat and other Mongol aristocrats, and Chinese bureaucrats. The death of his political patron Chabi Khatun in 1281 made the situation critical; Ahmad was assassinated by Wang Zhu and Gao Heshang (Kao Ho-chang) in the next year and his faction fell from power.
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Although Ahmad's assassins were executed, after Kublai Khan heard all the complaints about Ahmad's corruption from his enemies, Kublai then ordered Ahmad's body to be taken from his tomb and desecrated by being eaten by dogs, and then using chariot wheels to smash the bones to pieces.
304:'s reign. He became known as a chief minister under Kublai and is credited with successfully establishing the financial system of the Yuan dynasty. He was considered to be a "villainous minister" in dynastic histories because of his perceived corruption.
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Ahmad's tax system gained a bad reputation from the
Chinese because it was ruthlessly operated and considerably differed from traditional Chinese systems. Ahmad was reputed for his rapaciousness. He abused his position to gather riches for himself.
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In 1271, the
Department of State Affairs was absorbed into the Central Secretariat. While holding the financial affairs, he started intervening in state administration. It heightened tension with the rival faction that included
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372:. He prepared a state monopoly in salt, which came to account for a large portion of state income. In his 20-year term of office, he created his strong faction with his clan and Muslims from Central Asia.
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positively evaluates his assistance to Kublai's administration. The recent
Mongolian studies also tend to make positive reference to his role in establishing the dynasty's unique financial system.
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and brought huge tax revenues to Kublai's new government. In 1270, he assumed the full power of the new financial department known as the
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559:. Vol. 15 of Nalanda-Sriwijaya series. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 20.
523:. Vol. 15 of Nalanda-Sriwijaya series. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 20.
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Ahmad is usually portrayed as an evil bureaucrat in traditional
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Acmat (Achmac)". He mentions that Ahmad had 25 sons and accumulated great wealth.
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859:. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 179–184, 190–195, 205, 212.
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Chinese Money in Global
Context: Historic Junctures Between 600 BCE and 2012
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Familiar strangers: a history of
Muslims in Northwest China
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Familiar strangers: a history of
Muslims in Northwest China
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Ahmad obtained employment under Kublai through
Empress
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The Tea Road: China and Russia Meet Across the Steppe
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The Tea Road: China and Russia Meet Across the Steppe
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Kublai also ordered Ahmad's sons to be put to death.
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as a primary antagonist in the second season of the
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827:Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). "Ahmad Fanakati".
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799:. University of Washington Press. p. 32.
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499:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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630:. Stanford University Press. p. 58.
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664:. Oxford University Press. p. 116.
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424:are emphasized. In contrast, the
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34:This article has multiple issues.
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732:Lipman, Jonathan Neaman (1997).
553:"CHAPTER 1 Whose Secret Intent?"
438:Ahmad Fanakati was portrayed by
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1355:Giovanni de' Marignolli
1319:Niccolò and Maffeo Polo
1313:Ajall Shams al-Din Omar
1067:Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad
765:. 五洲传播出版社. p. 30.
596:. 五洲传播出版社. p. 29.
485:Sir Henry Yule (1903).
316:), a town on the upper
94:more precise citations.
1392:Ghiyāth al-dīn Naqqāsh
1057:Rashid al-Din Hamadani
759:Avery, Martha (2003).
695:Rashīd al-Dīn (1971).
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382:recorded his name as "
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551:Lane, George (2013).
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1210:Takamuko no Kuromaro
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624:Horesh, Niv (2013).
146:improve this article
1430:(fl. ca. 1500–1516)
1343:Odoric of Pordenone
1216:Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas
658:Liu, Xinru (2001).
362:Central Secretariat
269:traditional Chinese
1428:'Ali Akbar Khata'i
1361:Sa'id of Mogadishu
1270:Abu Zayd Al-Sirafi
434:In popular culture
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