Ahmad ibn Hanbal - Knowledge

676:. However, it has been argued by certain scholars that Ibn Hanbal's own beliefs actually played "no real part in the establishment of the central doctrines of Wahhabism," as there is evidence, according to the same authors, "the older Hanbali authorities had doctrinal concerns very different from those of the Wahhabis," due to medieval Hanbali literature being rich in references to saints, grave visitation, miracles, and relics. In this connection, scholars have cited Ibn Hanbal's own support for the use of relics as one of several important points on which the theologian's positions diverged from those adhering to Wahhabism. Other scholars maintain he was "the distant progenitor of Wahhabism", who also immensely inspired the similar conservative reform movement of 1021:"On the first day of the month of Rabi’ al-Awwal in the year two hundred and forty-one, my father had a fever on Wednesday night. I went to him on Wednesday while he was feverish and breathing heavily. I had known his illness, and I used to nurse him when he was sick. I said to him, "O father, how did you break your fast last night?" He said, "With water and broad beans". Then he wanted to get up, so he said, "Take my hand". So I took his hand. When he went to the toilet, his legs weakened until he leaned on me. Other than doctors, all were Muslims. A doctor called Abd al-Rahman prescribed for him a gourd that was roasted and its water given to drink. This was on Tuesday, and he died on Friday." 2411:

Mu'tazilite ta'wil or figurative interpretation of the Qur'anic anthropomorphisms while concomitantly affirming the doctrine of the "incorporeal, transcendent deity"... although he argued for the acceptance of the apparent (dhahir) meaning of the Qur'anic and prophetic statements about God, he was no fideist.' The imam was quite willing to engage in hermeneutical exercise.. The rise of Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal during the Mihna resulted in the empowering and centering of corporealist ideas within the Sunni movement. When his ideas became the criterion of traditionalist orthodoxy..

1565:." According to the narrative, Zakariyyā asked: "Are one-hundred thousand sufficient?" to which Ibn Hanbal responded in the negative, with Zakariyyā asking if two-hundred thousand were, to which he received the same response from the jurist. Thus, Zakariyyā kept increasing the number until, at five-hundred thousand, Ibn Hanbal said: "I hope that that should be sufficient." As a result, it has been argued that Ibn Hanbal disapproved of independent reasoning by those muftis who were not absolute masters in law and jurisprudence. 774:: mother of Salih). Ibn Hanbal remarked about her: "In the 30 (or 20) years we were together, we never had a disagreement." After her demise, Ahmad married his second wife, "Ummu ‘Abdillah Rayhana bintu ‘Uma" known simply as "Rayhana", and she bore him one son, "Abdullah". She known for having only one eye, and Ibn Hanbal married her because he was impressed by her religious commitment. Reports suggest that they were together for seven years. He also had a 1879:, who at one time had sought to study under Ibn Hanbal, later stated that he did not consider Ibn Hanbal a jurist and gave his views in the field no weight, describing him as an expert in prophetic tradition only. However this must be seen in context of its time, as Ibn Hanbal's school was still at its infancy and not followed by so many people yet compared to the other schools and the students had conflict with Al-Tabari's school. Consider how the 1677: 796: 815:. After completing his studies with him, Ibn Hanbal began traveling throughout Arabia to collect narrations of Muhammad. Ibn al-Jawzi stated Ibn Hanbal had 414 traditionists whom he narrated from. With this knowledge, he became a leading authority in the field, leaving behind an immense encyclopedia of narrations, 1077:, whence he held that proper belief in God constituted believing in the description which God had given of Himself in the Islamic scripture. To begin with, Ibn Hanbal asserted that God was both Unique and Absolute and absolutely incomparable to anything in the world of His creatures. As for the various 3210:

Speculative theologians (mutakalliman) from among the Sunni fold, finding this theomorphism objectionable yet unwilling to impugn the authenticity of the report, preferred to interpret the "form" as belonging to something other than God, such as the pseudodivinities (macbadat)-that is, the sun, moon,

1600:

Ibn Hanbal appears to have been a formidable opponent of "private interpretation," and actually held that it was only the religious scholars who were qualified to properly interpret the holy texts. One of the creeds attributed to Ibn Hanbal opens with: "Praise be to God, who in every age and interval

1438:

have asserted that this opinion is more partial than objective, for there is no proof that the Hanbali school " Sufism in itself any more than any other school," and it is evident that "during the first centuries some major Sufis ... followed the Hanbalite school of law." By the twelfth-century, the

747:

each month, which he spent on his family, and he was content with that, seeking the mercy of Allah, patiently and seeking reward." It is also narrated that a man asked Imam Ahmad about the property he was using on which he made a house on. He replied: "This is something I inherited from my father. If

1506:

or seeking blessings from holy relics, saying: "Where is the quibbling critic of Imām Ahmad now? It is also authentically established that Abd Allāh asked his father about those who touch the pommel of Muhammad's pulpit and touch the wall of his room, and he said: 'I do not see any harm in it.' May

756:

Ahmad ibn Hanbal did not marry until he reached the age of forty. It is said that this was because he was busy with knowledge, or because he traveled a lot and was away from his country for a long time. When he reached the age of forty and became closer to settling down than before, and he thought

1485:

relates a tradition narrated by Ibn Hanbal's son, Abdullah ibn Ahmad ibn Hanbal, who recalled his father's devotion towards relics thus: "I saw my father take one of the Prophet's hairs, place it over his mouth, and kiss it. I may have seen him place it over his eyes, and dip it in water and then

599:—one of the four major orthodox legal schools of Sunni Islam. The most highly influential and active scholar during his lifetime, Ibn Hanbal went on to become "one of the most venerated" intellectual figures in Islamic history, who has had a "profound influence affecting almost every area" of the 863:

Ibn Hanbal is known to have been called before the Mihna of the Abbasid caliph al-Ma'mun, who wanted to assert his religious authority by pressuring scholars to adopt the Mu'tazili doctrine of the Quran being created, rather than uncreated. According to Sunni tradition, Ibn Hanbal was one of the

1386:

and his sister as two exceptional devotees of God, and of his sending people with mystical questions to Bishr for guidance. It is also recorded that Ibn Hanbal said, with regard to the early Sufis, "I do not know of any people better than them." Moreover, there are accounts of Ibn Hanbal's son,

738:

Ibn Hanbal lost his father when he was a young child. His father died young at the age of thirty only. Then his mother raised him under the care of those who remained from his father’s family. His father had left him a property in Baghdad in which he lived, and another which yielded him a small

641:

being the eternal, uncreated word of God. Living in poverty throughout his lifetime working as a baker, and suffering physical persecution under the caliphs for his unflinching adherence to the traditional doctrine, Ibn Hanbal's fortitude in this particular event only bolstered his "resounding

2410:

Scholars are almost unanimous in attributing to Ibn Hanbal the use of the ancient balkafa formula. Goldziher, Wensinck, Halkin, Laoust, Makdisi, Abrahamov, and Watt all find in the Imam an advocate of this mediating principle (balkafa), which reportedly allowed the traditionalists to deny the

1317:

or "intercession" through Muhammad in every supplication, with the wording: "O God! I am turning to Thee with Thy Prophet, the Prophet of Mercy. O Muhammad! I am turning with you to my Lord for the fulfillment of my need." This report is repeated in many later Hanbali works, in the context of

1907:

Be that as it may, the vast majority of other scholars do recognize Ibn Hanbal's prowess as a master jurist worthy of one whose methodology became foundation for its own school of jurisprudence. Imam Shafi'i said, among many other praises, "Ahmad is an Imam in eight fields: he is an imam in

1382:, saying: "He is one of the Substitute-Saints, and his supplication is answered." Of the same Sufi, Ibn Hanbal later asked rhetorically: "Is religious knowledge anything else than what Maruf has achieved?" Additionally, there are accounts of Ibn Hanbal extolling the early ascetic saint 1025:

Ibn Hanbal died on Friday, 2 August 855 / 12 Rabi' al-Awwal, 241 AH at the age of 74–75 in Baghdad. Historians relate his funeral was attended by 800,000 men and 60,000 women, and 20,000 Christians and Jews converted to Islam on that day. His grave is located in the premises of the

1646:

correct and abhorred that a jurist insist people follow his even if he considered them wrong and even if the truth is one in any given matter." As such, when Ibn Hanbal's student Ishāq ibn Bahlūl al-Anbārī had "compiled a book on juridicial differences ... which he had named

1536:

and its collection". More than a century after Ahmad's death, Hanbali legalism would emerge as a distinct school; due to the efforts of jurists like Abu Bakr al-Athram (d. 261 A.H/ 874 C.E), Harb al-Kirmani (d. 280 A.H/ 893 C.E), 'Abd Allah ibn Ahmad (d. 290 A.H/903 C.E),

1887:

who lived around the same time as Al-Tabari, and the first written compilation of Ibn Hanbal's fiqh was Al-Khiraqi who also lived around that same time. The more systematic teaching of Ibn Hanbal's jurisprudence in education facilities only occurred after that point.

1903:

about the main representatives of Sunni jurisprudence. However, Ibn 'Abd al-Barr actually has praised Ibn Hanbal's jurisprudence by saying "He is very powerful in the fiqh of the madhab of the ahl al-hadith and he is the Imam of the 'ulama of ahl al-hadith."

761:

said about this: "He, may God be pleased with him, was very keen on knowledge. He traveled far in search of it, and spend a long time on obtaining it. He did not occupy himself with earning or marriage until he achieved what he wanted from it."

729:

today, where his father and grandfather had also previously worked. While according to others he was born in Baghdad after his mother came pregnant with him from the city of Merv, where his father was. The latter opinion is the most accepted one.

1181:)" as a true attribute of God. He disagreed with those speculative theologians who interpreted the Divine Form as something that represents pseudo-divinities such as the sun, moon, stars, etc. For Ibn Hanbal, to deny that God truly has a Form is 778:

named "Husn", who bore him a female girl "Zainab", then twins, "Al-Hasan" and "Al-Hussein", who died after their birth. Then she bore "Al-Hasan" and "Muhammad", and then she bored him "Saeed". Among his sons, Salih and Abdullah excelled in

1501:

that Ibn Hanbal "used to seek blessings from the relics of the Prophet." Citing the aforementioned report of Ibn Hanbal's devotion towards Muhammad's hair, al-Dhahabī then goes onto staunchly criticize whoever finds fault with the practices of

2795:

Manaqib al-Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal by Ibn al-Jawzi, Chapter Sixty-Two: Mentions the Number of His Wives, pp. 402-405, Chapter Sixty-Three Mantions His Concubines, pp. 406-408, and Chapter Sixty-Four Mentions the Number of His Children, pp.

1366:, forty major saints "whose number would remain constant, one always being replaced by some other on his death" and whose key role in the traditional Sufi conception of the celestial hierarchy would be detailed by later mystics such as 1354:: " used to greatly respect the Sūfīs and show them kindness and generosity. He was asked about them and was told that they sat in mosques constantly to which he replied, 'Knowledge made them sit.'" Furthermore, it is in Ibn Hanbal's 1419:, and others. His miracles were manifest and his intelligence sound ... He had a firm belief in the principles of religion, and his creed was approved by all the ." Both non-Hanbali and Hanbali Sufi hagiographers such as Hujwiri and 603:

perspective within Sunni Islam. One of the foremost classical proponents of relying on scriptural sources as the basis for Sunni Islamic law and way of life, Ibn Hanbal compiled one of the most significant Sunni hadith collections,

1453:, has continued to remain one of the most widespread Sufi orders up until the present day. Even later Hanbali authors who were famous for criticizing some of the "deviances" of certain heterodox Sufi orders of their day, such as 1282:"I am amazed at those people who know that a chain of narration is authentic, and yet, in spite of this, they follow the opinion of Sufyan, for God says, 'And let those who oppose the Messenger's commandment beware, lest some 2629:

Founder of one of the four major Sunnī schools, the Ḥanbalī, he was, through his disciple Ibn Taymiyya , the distant progenitor of Wahhābism, and has inspired also in a certain degree the conservative reform movement of the

697:

in the year 164 AH/ November 780 CE. This was mentioned by his son Abdullah. Abdullah reported: "I heard my father say: I was born in the month of Rabi’ al-Awwal in the year 164 AH". Ibn Hanbal's family was originally from

1609:) elevated learned men possessing excellent qualities, who call upon him who goes astray (to return) to the right way." It has been pointed out that this particular creed "explicitly opposes the use of personal judgement ( 1431:, with Ibn al-Jawzi relating: "When the Prophet's descendant Abū Ja'far ibn Abī Mūsā was buried next to him, Ahmad ibn Hanbal's tomb was exposed. His corpse had not putrified and the shroud was still whole and undecayed." 864:

foremost scholars in resisting the caliph's interference and his imposed doctrine. Ibn Hanbal's stance led to the Hanbali school establishing itself firmly as not only a school of jurisprudence, but theology as well.

921:“I do not know that I have ever seen anyone who wore cleaner clothes, was more attentive to trimming his moustache and grooming the hair on his head and body, or wore purer and whiter garments than Ahmad bin Hanbal". 1394:

As for the Sufis' reception of Ibn Hanbal, it is evident that he was "held in high regard" by all the major Sufis of the classical and medieval periods, and later Sufi chroniclers often designated the jurist as a

875:

became caliph and continued his predecessors' policies of enforcing the Mu'tazili doctrine and, in this pursuit, banished Ibn Hanbal from Baghdad. It was only after al-Wathiq's death and the ascent of his brother

1486:

drink the water for a cure." In the same way, Ibn Hanbal also drunk from Muhammad's bowl (technically a "second-class" relic) in order to seek blessings from it, and considered touching and kissing the sacred

769:

girl from the suburbs of Baghdad, and she lived with Ahmad ibn Hanbal for thirty years(or twenty years according to some reports), and bore him their son "Salih", and hence her she was known by her title Ummu

1132:) of the Mus̲h̲abbiha, amongst whom he included, in the scope of his polemics, the Jahmiyya as unconscious anthropomorphists." Ibn Hanbal was also a critic of overt and unnecessary speculation in matters of 4198:

Livnat Holtzman, "Human choice, divine guidance and the fiṭra tradition. The use of ḥadīth in theological treatises by Ibn Taymiyya and Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya," in Yossef Rapoport and Shahab Ahmed (eds.),

1152:(figurative interpretations) of the apparently anthropomorphic texts while concomitantly affirming the doctrine of the "incorporeal, transcendent deity". Although he argued for literalist meanings of the 1630:

Ibn Hanbal was praised both in his own life and afterwards for his "serene acceptance of juridicial divergences among the various schools of Islamic law". According to later notable scholars of the

3211:

and stars. Ibn Hanbal disagreed... It is likely that Ibn Hanbal recognized this sura as a true attribute of God.. He states in his Aqida V: "God created Adam with His hand and in His image/form

1481:

through them in religious veneration. Indeed, several accounts of Ibn Hanbal's life relate that he often carried "a purse ... in his sleeve containing ... hairs from the Prophet." Furthermore,

1346:

As there exist historical sources indicating patently "mystical elements in his personal piety" and documented evidence of his amiable interactions with numerous early Sufi saints, including

867:

Because of Ibn Hanbal's refusal to accept the Mu'tazili doctrine, he was imprisoned in Baghdad throughout the reign of al-Ma'mun. In an incident during the rule of al-Ma'mun's successor,

8364:

Entire bibliography is taken from Holtzman, Livnat, “Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE, Edited by: Kate Fleet, Gudrun Krämer, Denis Matringe, John Nawas, Everett Rowson

519: 1490:

of Muhammad for blessings a permissible and pious act. Ibn Hanbal later ordered that he be buried with Muhammad's hairs he possessed, "one on each eye and a third on his tongue."

2206:

Roy Jackson, "Fifty key figures in Islam", Taylor & Francis, 2006. p 44: "Abu Abdallah Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Hanbal ibn Hilal al-Shaybani was born in Baghdad in Iraq in 780"

1228:). By "Quran," Ibn Hanbal understood "not just an abstract idea but the Quran with its letters, words, expressions, and ideas—the Quran in all its living reality, whose nature 2616: 1387:

Sālih, being exhorted by his father to go and study under the Sufis. According to one tradition, Sālih said: "My father would send for me whenever a self-denier or ascetic (

3955: 3394:

Holtzman, Livnat, “Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE, Edited by: Kate Fleet, Gudrun Krämer, Denis Matringe, John Nawas, Everett Rowson; cf. Ibn al-Jawzī,

1085:, such as hearing, sight, speech, omnipotence, will, wisdom, the vision by the believers on the day of resurrection etc., were to be literally affirmed as "realities" ( 6160: 498: 1403:, for example, wrote of him: "He was distinguished by devoutness and piety ... Sufis of all orders regard him as blessed. He associated with great Shaykhs, such as 8414: 8079: 617:

Having studied jurisprudence and hadith under many teachers during his youth, Ibn Hanbal became famous in his later life for the crucial role he played in the

871:, Ibn Hanbal was flogged to unconsciousness; however, this caused great upheaval in Baghdad and forced al-Mu'tasim to release him. After al-Mu'tasim's death, 2423:

Krawietz, Birgit; Tamer, Georges; Holtzman, Livnatz (2013). "Debating the Doctrine of jabr (Compulsion): Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya Reads Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī".

1050:

as the foundations of orthodox belief. He did, however, believe that it was only a select few who were properly authorized to interpret the sacred texts.

2282:

Holtzman, Livnat, “Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE, Edited by: Kate Fleet, Gudrun Krämer, Denis Matringe, John Nawas, Everett Rowson.

7687: 1109:, etc. they were to be understood in the same manner. Ibn Hanbal treated those verses in the scriptures with apparently anthropomorphic descriptions as 803:

Ibn Hanbal studied extensively in Baghdad, and later traveled to further his education. He started learning jurisprudence under the celebrated judge of

501: 2878: 1561:. One story narrates that Ibn Hanbal was asked by Zakariyyā ibn Yaḥyā al-Ḍarīr about "how many memorized ḥadīths are sufficient for someone to be a 645:

Ibn Hanbal later came to be venerated as an exemplary figure in all traditional schools of Sunni thought, both by the exoteric scholars and ascetic

2642: 822:

Ibn Hanbal became a judge in his old age. Through his students, the Hanbali school of jurisprudence was established, which is now most dominant in

1350:, it is recognized that Ibn Hanbal's relationship with many of the Sufis was one of mutual respect and admiration. Qadi Abu Ya'la reports in his 1185:(disbelief). He also believed that God created Adam "according to His form". Censuring those who alleged that this was referring to the form of 668:

In the modern era, Ibn Hanbal's name has become controversial in certain quarters of the Islamic world, as the Hanbali reform movement known as

2148:أَبُو عَبْد ٱللَّٰه أَحْمَد بْن مُحَمَّد بْن حَنْبَل بْن هِلَال بْن أَسَد بْن إِدْرِيس بْن عَبْد ٱللَّٰه بْن حَيَّان ٱلشَّيْبَانيّ ٱلذُّهْلِيّ 8409: 6343: 665:, who referred to Ibn Hanbal as "the true shaykh of Islam and imam of the Muslims in his time; the traditionist and proof of the religion'." 537: 2906: 8419: 8394: 3006: 4208:

Predestination (al-qaḍāʾ wa-l-qadar) and free will (al-ikhtiyār) as reflected in the works of the Neo-Ḥanbalites of the fourteenth century

8134: 2345:

He chose to treat the anthropomorphic descriptions of God found in the scriptures as muhkamat, admitting to only the apparent meaning,..

1427:

and of the blessedness of his grave. For example, Ibn Hanbal's own body was traditionally held to have been blessed with the miracle of

1042:

Ibn Hanbal's principal doctrine is what later came to be known as "traditionalist thought," which emphasized the acceptance of only the

4794: 4389: 819:. After several years of travel, he returned to Baghdad to study Islamic law under al-Shafi'i, with whom he formed a close bond with. 8454: 7064: 6811: 4602: 3112: 2599:

Bearman, Bianquis, Bosworth, van Donzel, Heinrichs, P. , Th. , C.E. , E. , W.P. (1960). "Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal". In Laoust, Henri (ed.).

2558:

Michael Cook, “On the Origins of Wahhābism,” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Third Series, Vol. 2, No. 2 (Jul., 1992), p. 198

2600: 897:"I requested to see Ahmad bin Hanbal. So, I greeted him, and he was an old man who dyed his hair. He was tall and extremely dark." 8449: 6855: 4916: 1948:

and there he mentioned the heavy praises of various other classical scholars towards Ibn Hanbal and his school of jurisprudence.

3398:, Beirut 1393/1973 and Christopher Melchert, The Ḥanābila and the Early Sufis, Arabica, T. 48, Fasc. 3 (Brill, 2001), pp. 355-56 1140:), and felt it was wise to leave to God the understanding of His own mystery. Thus, Ibn Hanbal became a strong proponent of the 907:

that was not too dark. He had black hairs in his beard, and I saw his clothes extremely white. When I saw him, he was wearing a

6287: 3139: 7855: 6027: 5436: 4926: 4908: 3696: 3091: 2836: 2432: 1477:

As has been noted by scholars, it is evident that Ibn Hanbal "believed in the power of relics," and supported the seeking of

3665: 1762:: "The Book of Narrations Containing Hidden Flaws and of Knowledge of the Men (of Hadeeth)" Riyad: Al-Maktabah al-Islamiyyah 7398: 6037: 4359:

Wesley Williams, "Aspects of the creed of Imam Ahmad Ibn Hanbal. A study of anthropomorphism in early Islamic discourse,"

3944:(Dr.) (in Indonesian). Translated by Usman Sya'roni. Koja, North Jakarta, Indonesia: Jakarta Islamic Centre. p. 697. 3411:, Vol. I, pp. 272-7; Christopher Melchert, The Ḥanābila and the Early Sufis, Arabica, T. 48, Fasc. 3 (Brill, 2001), p. 356 2927:

Tajalli Wa-Ru'ya: A Study of Anthropomorphic Theophany and Visio Dei in the Hebrew Bible, the Qur'an and early Sunni Islam

5381: 2140:

Abū ʿAbd Allāh Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Ḥanbal ibn Hilāl ibn Asad ibn Idrīs ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ḥayyān al-Shaybānī al-Dhuhlī

6698: 2182: 1300:. Maybe the rejection of some of his words would cause one to doubt and deviate in his heart, and thereby be destroyed." 2935: 4438: 4220:

Nimrod Hurvitz, "From scholarly circles to mass movements. The formation of legal communities in Islamic societies,"

3949: 3323: 3291: 3010: 2872: 2698: 2610: 2464:

Mohammed M. I. Ghaly, "Writings on Disability in Islam: The 16th Century Polemic on Ibn Fahd's "al-Nukat al-Ziraf","

1724: 1698: 504: 7758: 2831:

Daryl Champion (2002), The Paradoxical Kingdom: Saudi Arabia and the Momentum of Reform, Columbia University Press,

2807: 1706: 8399: 8389: 7738: 17: 6491: 6236: 3260: 3197: 3065:

The Virtues of Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal by Ibn al-Jawzi, Chapter Seventy-Nine: In Mention of His Illness, pp. 540-548

2397: 2332: 8069: 8017: 7626: 6674: 6338: 5226: 5106: 4713: 3108:

Imam Ahmed bin Hanbal Shrine: Dargah Of: Imam Abu Abdullah Ahmed bin Mohammed bin Hanbal (Rahimahu Allahu Ta'ala)

2567:

Christopher Melchert, The Ḥanābila and the Early Sufis, Arabica, T. 48, Fasc. 3 (Brill, 2001); cf. Ibn al-Jawzī,

1145: 4247:

Wilferd Madelung, "The origins of the controversy concerning the creation of the Koran," in J. M. Barral (ed.),

3856:

This Day I have Perfected Your Religion For You: A Zahiri Conception of Religious Authority, pg. 20. Taken from

8311: 6054: 6032: 5346: 5311: 4787: 4382: 3839:

Al-Sadah Al-Hanabilah wa Ikhtilafatuhum Ma'a Al-Salafiyah Al-Mu'ashirah fi al-'Aqidah wa al-Fiqh wa al-Tasawwuf

2765: 1702: 880:, who was much more tolerating of the traditional Sunni beliefs, that Ibn Hanbal was welcomed back to Baghdad. 1530:(d. 716 A.H/ 1316 C.E), Ahmad ibn Hanbal did not formulate a legal theory; since "his entire concern was with 1434:

Although there is a perception that Ibn Hanbal or his school were somehow adverse to Sufism, scholars such as

6181: 6064: 5321: 5141: 4467: 1576:

Ibn Hanbal narrated from Muḥammad ibn Yaḥyā al-Qaṭṭān that the latter said: "If someone were to follow every

1330:

cites the Hanbali fatwa on the desirability of Muhammad's intercession in every personal supplication in his

3737:, ed. Wasi Allah ibn Muhammad Abbas (Beirut: Mu'assasat al-Risāla, 1983), I:219; cited in Gibril F. Haddad, 8404: 8332: 7367: 6848: 6520: 6366: 6316: 5757: 5201: 4756: 1876: 1027: 1008: 889: 446: 4303:

John A. Nawas, "A reexamination of three current explanations for al-Maʾmūn's introduction of the miḥna,"

739:

rental income sufficient for his living. The reports are conflicting about whether it was large or small.

8000: 6885: 6749: 6097: 5411: 4921: 4898: 4893: 4803: 4520: 2862: 2455:

A Literary History of Persia from the Earliest Times Until Firdawsh by Edward Granville Browne – Page 295

1174:; would mark the stage for the empowerment and centering of corporealist ideas in the Sunnite orthodoxy. 5459: 1399:

in their hagiographies, praising him both for his legal work and for his appreciation of Sufi doctrine.

7404: 6999: 6985: 6724: 6469: 6243: 5725: 5356: 5316: 5051: 4968: 4822: 4725: 4719: 3310:

Ibn Hasan Aal-Sheikh, 'Abdur-Rahman (2002). "38: Taking Scholars or Rulers as Partners Besides Allah".

3225:"Aspects of the Creed of Imam Ahmad IBN Hanbal: A Study of Anthropomorphism in Early Islamic Discourse" 3162:"Aspects of the Creed of Imam Ahmad IBN Hanbal: A Study of Anthropomorphism in Early Islamic Discourse" 2439:

The prominent traditionalists, such as Abū ʿAmr al-Awzāʿī (d.157/774) and Ahmad b. Ḥanbal (d.241/855)..

2362:"Aspects of the Creed of Imam Ahmad IBN Hanbal: A Study of Anthropomorphism in Early Islamic Discourse" 2297:"Aspects of the Creed of Imam Ahmad IBN Hanbal: A Study of Anthropomorphism in Early Islamic Discourse" 1883:

of Imam Ahmad, i.e. the first written compilation of Ibn Hanbal's question and answers, was written by

1586:)." It is believed that he quoted this on account of the vast number of forged traditions of Muhammad. 1518:, Ibn Hanbal is said to have approved of both these acts as being permissible according to sacred law. 1439:

relationship between Hanbalism and Sufism was so close that one of the most prominent Hanbali jurists,

845:

In addition to his scholastic enterprises, Ibn Hanbal was a soldier in the war frontiers and performed

531: 528: 31: 3135:

Imam Ahmed bin Hanbal Shrine: Imam Abu Abdullah Ahmed bin Mohammed bin Hanbal (Rahimahu Allahu Ta'ala)

8429: 8322: 6951: 6669: 6320: 6082: 5306: 5211: 5186: 5036: 4780: 4596: 4375: 2513:

Christopher Melchert, The Ḥanābila and the Early Sufis, Arabica, T. 48, Fasc. 3 (Brill, 2001), p. 356

8234: 8337: 8327: 8317: 7082: 6602: 6216: 5835: 5406: 5336: 4761: 4751: 4746: 3284:

Rethinking Salafism: The Transnational Networks of Salafi ʿUlama in Egypt, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia

1687: 534: 441: 4150:

Michael Cooperson, "Aḥmad Ibn Ḥanbal and Bishr al-Ḥāfī. A case study in biographical traditions,"

3318:]. Translated by Al-Halawani, 'Ali As-Sayed. El Mansoura, Egypt: Dar al Manarah. p. 366. 8225: 8189: 6209: 6167: 6022: 5637: 5426: 5331: 5161: 5116: 4982: 4567: 2925: 2910: 1832: 1691: 606: 525: 264: 3528:, XXIV.2, trans. Michael Cooperson (New York: New York University Press, 2016), p. 89; Hujwiri, 1162:

and was willing to engage in hermeneutical exercises. The rise of Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal and the

7907: 7861: 7250: 6931: 6426: 6087: 6017: 5977: 5962: 5642: 5396: 5301: 5286: 5277: 5156: 5121: 5046: 4696: 4649: 4543: 3052: 3031: 1977: 1860:

except that they were upon Ibn Hanbal's creed; despite praise from his contemporaries as well,

1844:

Ibn Hanbal has been extensively praised for both his work in the field of prophetic tradition (

1462: 561: 1992: 8130: 7784: 6956: 6873: 6619: 6589: 6146: 6042: 5589: 5416: 5166: 5076: 4496: 2891:

The Hanbalite madhhab, in contrast, largely maintained the traditionalist of Athari position.

2050: 1965: 1961: 1102: 596: 7825: 8444: 7571: 6978: 6836: 6761: 6606: 6421: 6269: 6174: 6153: 6012: 5967: 5952: 5501: 5351: 5341: 5326: 5146: 5111: 5101: 5096: 5071: 4608: 4508: 4502: 2864:

Theology and Creed in Sunni Islam: The Muslim Brotherhood, Ash'arism, and Political Sunnism

2054: 1973: 1925: 748:

a man comes to me and confirms that this is his, I will get rid of it and give it to him".

661:

and adhering to it." He was further praised by the 14th-century historian and traditionist

513: 1981: 8: 8384: 8379: 8243: 8010: 7805: 7576: 7307: 7184: 6823: 6123: 6049: 5391: 5041: 4855: 4731: 4573: 4461: 1969: 1896: 1884: 1872:

There have some alleged views that his juristic views were not always accepted. Qur'anic

1538: 1527: 1221: 771: 634: 492: 361:ٱبْن مُحَمَّد بْن حَنْبَل بْن هِلَال بْن أَسَد بْن إِدْرِيس بْن عَبْد ٱللَّٰه بْن حَيَّان 4367: 4136:

Binyamin Abrahamov, "The bi-lā kayfa doctrine and its foundations in Islamic theology,"

3106: 2746:

Ibn Hanbal – his life and his era – his jurisprudential opinions by Abu Zahra, pp. 75-77

2728:

Ibn Hanbal – his life and his era – his jurisprudential opinions by Abu Zahra, pp. 17-18

1136:; he believed that it was fair to worship God "without the 'mode' of the theologoumena ( 8174: 7052: 7008: 6753: 6566: 6453: 6227: 6188: 6102: 5937: 5900: 5862: 5784: 5659: 5431: 5216: 5091: 5066: 4888: 4875: 4549: 4473: 3655: 3252: 3244: 3189: 3181: 2636: 2389: 2381: 2324: 2316: 2016: 2012: 1941: 1861: 1849: 1466: 1440: 1408: 1383: 726: 507: 436: 392: 138: 8150: 2425:

Islamic Theology, Philosophy and Law: Debating Ibn Taymiyya and Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya

1288:

should befall them, or a painful torment be inflicted on them.' Do you know what that

8439: 8434: 8200: 8166: 8110: 7348: 7287: 7194: 6902: 6766: 6615: 6561: 6457: 6092: 6059: 5987: 5982: 5942: 5930: 5915: 5895: 5796: 5772: 5598: 5421: 5261: 5196: 4684: 4561: 3945: 3692: 3602:, XXIV.2, trans. Michael Cooperson (New York: New York University Press, 2016), p. 89 3566:, XCV.7, trans. Michael Cooperson (New York: New York University Press, 2016), p. 298 3532:, trans. R. A. Nicholson (Leiden: Brill, 1911), pp. 117-118; Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya, 3319: 3287: 3256: 3193: 3087: 2931: 2868: 2832: 2694: 2606: 2428: 2393: 2328: 1774:: "The Book of Abstinence" ed. Muhammad Zaghlul, Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-'Arabi, 1994 1404: 903:"I saw Ahmad bin Hanbal with a handsome face, well-formed, and he dyed his hair with 721:

Historians differ about his place of birth. Some say he was said that he was born in

707: 694: 461: 7353: 3133: 2118: 672:

has cited him as a principal influence along with the 13th-century Hanbali reformer

8424: 7163: 7137: 6840: 6513: 6257: 6139: 5992: 5972: 5957: 5522: 5181: 4949: 4667: 3873: 3865: 3236: 3173: 3075: 2373: 2308: 1428: 1334:

where he attributes it to "Imām Ahmad and a group of the pious ancestors" from the

1125: 711: 629:

toward the end of his reign, in which the ruler gave official state support to the

3861: 2598: 1435: 1082: 1078: 8238: 8125: 7707: 7057: 7042: 7004: 6971: 6946: 6860: 6807: 6708: 6703: 6679: 6593: 6496: 6443: 6438: 5925: 5828: 5823: 5806: 5767: 5707: 5664: 5471: 5401: 5206: 4954: 4643: 4514: 4191:

Wael B. Hallaq, "Was al-Shafiʿi the master architect of Islamic jurisprudence?,"

3939: 3805: 3659: 3083: 2143: 2029: 1968:

that Ibn Hanbal has memorized at least 750,000 hadith during his life, more than

1507:

God protect us and you from the opinion of the dissenters and from innovations!"

1106: 1031: 552: 64: 7847: 8260: 8179: 8045: 8022: 8005: 7851: 7776: 7700: 7221: 7127: 6736: 6691: 6686: 6537: 6506: 6411: 6294: 6132: 5885: 5818: 5811: 5801: 5649: 5386: 5247: 5176: 5151: 5011: 4944: 4860: 4690: 4398: 3841:. Amman, Jordan: Dar al-Nur al-Mubin Li al-Nashr wa al-Tawzi. pp. 108–109. 2093: 2068: 2020: 2008: 1929: 1595: 1424: 868: 611: 592: 368: 175: 8220: 8027: 7214: 3240: 3177: 2377: 2312: 357:

Ibn Muḥammad ibn Ḥanbal ibn Hilāl ibn Asad ibn Idrīs ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ḥayyān

8373: 8184: 8114: 8094: 8056: 7675: 7660: 7424:

Abū ʿAbdillāh Muḥāmmad ibn Karrām ibn Arrāk ibn Huzāba ibn al-Barā’ as-Sijjī

7231: 7156: 6966: 6927: 6914: 6889: 6795: 6584: 6556: 6433: 6387: 6305: 6004: 5905: 5890: 5880: 5715: 5677: 5654: 5616: 5527: 5257: 5251: 5241: 5229: 4159:

Classical Arabic biography. The heirs of the prophets in the age of al-Maʾmūn

3851: 3424:(London: Muslim Academic Trust, 2007), p. 387; see ; see Ibn Abī Ya'lā, 2178: 1933: 1639: 1614: 1511: 1494: 1327: 1274: 1164: 1094: 877: 780: 588: 495: 489: 486: 456: 214: 8146: 3938:

Nahrawi Abdus Salam Al-Indunisi, Ahmad (2008). Ahmad Nahrawi, Amirah (ed.).

2113: 1510:

When asked by his son Abdullah about the legitimacy of touching and kissing

1391:) visited him so I could look at him. He loved for me to become like this." 1193:"He who says that Allah created Adam according to the form of Adam, he is a 8212: 8141: 7929:

Abū’l-Huzayl Muḥāmmad ibn al-Huzayl ibn Abdillāh al-Allāf al-Abdī al-Bāsrī

7869: 7842: 7833: 7733: 7210: 7026: 6961: 6654: 6551: 6542: 6448: 6202: 5870: 5789: 5720: 5584: 5081: 5021: 4996: 4977: 4637: 4555: 3997:, ed. Shuʿayb al-Arnaʾūṭ and Ḥusayn al-Asad, 25 vols., Beirut 1401–9/1981–8 3286:. New York, United States of America: Oxford University Press. p. 15. 2848: 2693:. A-B. Vol. 1 (New ed.). Brill Academic Publishers. p. 272. 2523: 2477:

1st ed., Cairo 1311; new edition by Aḥmad S̲h̲ākir in publ. since 1368/1948

1857: 1482: 1458: 1420: 1416: 1375: 1347: 1284: 1017:

He died due to being severely ill. His son Salih describes his illness as:

823: 758: 673: 654: 630: 626: 7879: 7372: 6992: 2007:, a rank that only reached by very few Hadith scholars in history such as 743:

mentioned its amount, saying: "His income from his property was seventeen

8194: 7916: 7884: 7829: 7695: 7393: 7358: 7340: 7132: 6869: 6799: 6479: 6378: 5947: 5920: 5910: 5847: 5752: 5742: 5737: 5569: 5552: 5376: 5291: 5131: 5006: 4590: 4340:

Chapters on marriage and divorce. Responses of Ibn Ḥanbal and Ibn Rāhwayh

2705:

Aḥmad B. Ḥanbal was an Arab, belonging to the Banū Shaybān, of Rabī'a,...

2000: 1541:(d. 311 A.H/ 923 C.E) etc., who compiled Ahmad's various legal verdicts. 1454: 1412: 1319: 1124:) of the Quran and of tradition, and no less emphatically criticized the 610:, which has continued to exercise considerable influence on the field of 483: 312: 4326:

Muslim theology. A study of origins with reference to the Church Fathers

7838: 7635: 7416: 7362: 7260: 7198: 7149: 7115: 7068: 6989: 6922: 6909: 6827: 6803: 6732: 6637: 6579: 6501: 6404: 5777: 5541: 5537: 5371: 5296: 5272: 5237: 5191: 5126: 5086: 5061: 5016: 5001: 4991: 4655: 4625: 4479: 4444: 4415: 4410: 3920:

al-Dhahabī, Shams ad-Dīn Abū ʿAbdillāh Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿUthmān.

3248: 3185: 2385: 2320: 2103: 2073: 1917: 1892: 1498: 835: 812: 740: 703: 662: 580: 522: 320: 296: 5622:

Abū’l-Hūsayn Abdūrrāhīm ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Uthmān al-Hayyāt (Hayyātīyya)

5481:

Abū Abdirrahmān Bishr ibn Ghiyāth ibn Abī Karīma al-Marīsī al-Baghdādī

4061:, ed. Fuʾād ʿAbd al-Munʿim Aḥmad, 2 vols. in one, Alexandria 1401/1981 3540:(London: Islamic Texts Society, 2000), p. 153 (note by Timothy Winter) 3536:, trans. Michael Abdurrahman Fitzgerald and Moulay Youssef Slitine as 3502:(London: Islamic Texts Society, 2000), p. 153 (note by Timothy Winter) 3498:, trans. Michael Abdurrahman Fitzgerald and Moulay Youssef Slitine as 3224: 3161: 2361: 2296: 1920:, one of the most major Islamic biographers, notes in his masterpiece 1901:

The Hand-Picked Excellent Merits of the Three Great Jurisprudent Imâms

30:"Imam Ahmed" redirects here. For the imam of Adal from 1527–1543, see 8098: 8086: 8064: 7995: 7908:

Abū Abdi’l-Lāh Ahmad ibn Abī Du'ad Faraj ibn Carīr ibn Mâlik al-Iyādī

7899: 7800: 7745: 7670: 7324: 7319: 7245: 7189: 6935: 6790: 6783: 6659: 6570: 6484: 6464: 6309: 6250: 5762: 5730: 5685:

Abū ʿAbdillāh al-Husayn ibn Muḥāmmad ibn ʿAbdillāh an-Najjār ar-Rāzī

5573: 5451: 5366: 5361: 5171: 5136: 5031: 5026: 4661: 4631: 2024: 1996: 1937: 1450: 1371: 1214: 872: 808: 775: 669: 584: 516: 510: 451: 301: 8089: 4164:

Daniel Gimaret, "Theories de l'acte humain dans l'école ḥanbalite,"

3455:

Friends of God: Islamic Images of Piety, Commitment, and Servanthood

1676: 8283: 8250: 8105: 7990: 7982: 7771: 7176: 7107: 7030: 7013: 6844: 6831: 6664: 6610: 6392: 5840: 5631: 5464: 5056: 4772: 4526: 2509: 2507: 2505: 2503: 2501: 2499: 2083: 2043: 1873: 1635: 1602: 1443:, was also simultaneously the most famous Sufi of his era, and the 1217: 1133: 677: 171: 4277:

The formation of the Sunni schools of law, 9th–10th centuries C.E.

4011:, ed. ʿAbdallāh b. Salmān b. Sālim al-Aḥmadī, 2 vols., Riyadh 1991 3783:(London: Muslim Academic Trust, 2007), p. 313; see Ibn Abī Ya'lā, 3767:(London: Muslim Academic Trust, 2007), p. 306; see Ibn Taymiyyah, 576: 291: 8288: 8268: 8229: 8074: 7921:

Abū Hāshīm Abdu’s-Salām ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb al-Jubbā'ī

7865: 7817: 7664: 7654: 7379: 7328: 7282: 7120: 7017: 6918: 6897: 6776: 6771: 6646: 6597: 6525: 6474: 6195: 6074: 5747: 5561: 5493: 4883: 3009:(in Arabic). Al-Mada Supplements. 2 December 2012. Archived from 2088: 2047: 1739: 1643: 1631: 1550: 1478: 1400: 1367: 1250: 1210: 1159: 799:

A manuscript of Ibn Hanbal's legal writings, produced October 879

715: 622: 142: 83: 4240:

Henri Laoust, "Les premières professions de foi ḥanbalites," in

3933: 3931: 2661:

Ibn Hanbal – his life and his era – his jurisprudential opinions

2496: 1268:

by Hanbali judge Abd al-Rahman ibn Hasan (1782–1868). Comparing

8293: 8273: 8154: 8118: 7302: 7205: 7142: 7021: 6864: 6818: 6298: 5607:

Abū Mūsā Isā ibn Subeyh (Sabīh) al-Murdār al-Bāsrī (Murdārīyya)

5565: 5512: 4936: 4847: 4009:

al-Masāʾil wa-l-rasāʾil al-marwiyya ʿan al-imām Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal

3937: 3869: 3716: 3714: 3712: 3710: 3708: 3691:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 159–160. 3436: 3434: 2581: 2579: 2577: 2108: 2098: 2078: 1914:

Al-Qur'an, Al-Lughah, Al-Sunnah, Al-Zuhd, Al-Warak, and Al-Faqr

1578: 1554: 1532: 1515: 1487: 1445: 1359: 1322:, for example, recommends it for the obtainment of need in his 1256: 1243: 1197:(disbeliever). Which form did Adam have before He created him?" 1047: 1002: 908: 839: 831: 804: 744: 658: 653:

in their hagiographies. The 12th-century jurist and theologian

600: 209: 204: 186: 5472:

Abū Muḥrīz Jahm ibn Ṣafwān ar-Rāsibī as-Samarqāndī at-Tirmidhī

4254:

George Makdisi, "Ḥanbalite Islam," in Merlin L. Swartz (ed.),

4050:, in ʿAlī Sāmī al-Nashshār and ʿAmmār Jumʿī al-Ṭālibī (eds.), 1848:), jurisprudence, and his defense of orthodox Sunni theology. 1822:: "Refutations of the Heretics and the Jahmites" (Cairo: 1973) 1120:) of the Jahmiyya and their particular allegorizing exegesis ( 8278: 7314: 6939: 6740: 6728: 5530: 5505: 5476: 4865: 4261:

Christopher Melchert, "The adversaries of Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal,"

3928: 3858:

Speaking for Islam: Religious Authorities in Muslim Societies

3687:

B. Hallaq, Wael (2005). "7: The formation of legal schools".

2468:, Vol. 13/14, No. 2/1 (Fall 2005/Spring 2006), p. 26, note 98 1562: 1558: 1379: 1374:. It has been reported that Ibn Hanbal explicitly identified 1363: 1207: 1194: 1170: 1154: 1074: 1064: 1043: 912: 904: 858: 827: 766: 699: 646: 638: 618: 572: 344: 286: 161: 111: 3705: 3578: 3576: 3574: 3572: 3431: 2689:

H. A. R. Gibb; et al., eds. (1986). "Aḥmad B. Ḥanbal".

2574: 2536: 1864:

noted that Ibn Hanbal never boasted about his achievements.

1423:, respectively, also alluded to Ibn Hanbal's own gifts as a 795: 7972:

Abū’l-Kāsīm Abdullāh ibn Ahmad ibn Māhmūd al-Balhī al-Kā‘bī

5516: 5511:

Abū Muḥāmmad (Abū’l-Hākem) Heshām ibn Sālem al-Jawālikī al-

5441: 4101:

al-Shahāda al-zakiyya fī thanāʾ al-aʾimma ʿalā Ibn Taymiyya

3515:, trans. R. A. Nicholson (Leiden: Brill, 1911), pp. 117-118 2755:

The Virtues of Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal by Ibn al-Jawzi, p. 72

2554: 2552: 1853: 1396: 1186: 1182: 846: 784: 722: 650: 199: 87: 43: 7932:

Abū Ma‘n Sūmāma ibn Ashras an-Nūmayrī al-Bāsrī al-Baghdādī

4282:

Christopher Melchert, "The Ḥanābila and the early Ṣūfīs,"

1469:'s order themselves, and never condemned Sufism outright. 5875: 4743:

Scholars of other Sunni Islamic schools of jurisprudence

4397: 3796:

Foundations of the Sunnah, by Ahmad ibn Hanbal, pg 51-173

3569: 2851:

Reorienting the Veil, University of North Carolina (2009)

1964:

classification, as the title bestowment were approved by

1158:

and prophetic statements about God, Ibn Hanbal was not a

1116:

Furthermore, Ibn Hanbal "rejected the negative theology (

1098: 1070: 5617:

Abū Alī Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb ibn Sallām al-Jubbā'ī

4289:

Christopher Melchert, "The Musnad of Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal,"

3490: 3488: 3457:(Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008), p. 158 3316:

Divine Triumph: Explanatory Notes on the Book of Tawheed

2549: 2027:. Ibn Hanbal's Musnad is not, however, ranked among the 1956:

It is reported that Ibn Hanbal has reached the title of

1232:," according to Ibn Hanbal, eluded human comprehension. 637:, a view that contradicted the orthodox position of the 4025:(with a supplement comprising Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya's 3298:

Ibn Hanbal articulated ijtihad in rejection of taqlid..

3043: 3041: 2786:

The Four Imams by Mustafa Al-Shakaa , Vol. 4, pp. 89-90

1582:

that is in the ḥadīth, he would become a transgressor (

4321:, ed. and revised by Abdal Hakim Murad, Cambridge 1993 4296:

Christopher Melchert, "The piety of the Hadith folk,"

4043:, ed. Aḥmad Muḥammad Shākir, 20 vols., Cairo 1416/1995 4018:, ed. Waṣiyyallāh b. Muḥammad ʿAbbās, Bombay 1408/1988 3664:. Translated by Khalkhali, Zahra Musavi. Rafed Books. 3470:, trans. R. A. Nicholson (Leiden: Brill, 1911), p. 117 2737:

The Four Imams by Mustafa al-Shaka'a, Vol. 4, pp. 7-8.

2252: 2250: 2248: 2246: 2244: 1750:: "Foundations of the Prophetic Tradition (in Belief)" 1213:

was the considerable role he played in bolstering the

99:

2 August 855 CE (12 Rabi' al-Awwal 241 AH; aged 74–75)

5669:

Abū Amr Ḍirār ibn Amr al-Gatafānī al-Kūfī (Ḍirārīyya)

5632:

Abū Uthmān Amr ibn Bhār ibn Māhbūb al-Jāhiz al-Kinānī

4089:, ed. Muḥammad Rashād Sālim, 11 vols., Riyadh 1979–81 3485: 3022: 3020: 3007:"من مراقد بغداد واضرحتها - ملاحق جريدة المدى اليومية" 2717:

The Virtues of Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal by Ibn al-Jawzi,

2422: 2242: 2240: 2238: 2236: 2234: 2232: 2230: 2228: 2226: 2224: 1944:, a contemporary Hanafi scholar, wrote a book titled 1113:(clear) verses; admitting to only a literal meaning. 7904:

Abū Sahl Bīshr ibn al-Mu‘tamīr al-Hilālī al-Baghdādī

5502:

Abu’l-Hassan Muqātil ibn Sulaymān ibn Bashīr al-Azdī

4113:

Abū Bakr Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. al-Ḥajjāj al-Marwazī,

3905:

Ibn Abī Yaʻlá, Abū al-Ḥusayn Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad.

3594: 3592: 3309: 3126: 3099: 3038: 1899:

did not include Ibn Hanbal or his views in his book

1318:

personal supplication as an issue of jurisprudence.

970:

One Who Gathered the Knowledge of the First and Last

566: 4210:, Ph.D. diss., Bar-Ilan University 2003 (in Hebrew) 4110:, ed. ʿAṭiyya al-Zahrānī, 7 vols., Riyadh 1410/1989 2766:"The wives of Imam Ahmad ibn Hambal (rahimahullah)" 1924:that Ibn Hanbal's status in jurisprudence is alike 7948:Abū Bakr Muḥāmmad ibn Abdillāh ibn Shabīb al-Basrī 7896:Abū Amr (Abū Mu‘tamīr) Muāmmar ibn Abbād as-Sūlamī 5610:Hīshām ibn Amr al-Fuwātī ash-Shaybānī (Hīshāmīyya) 4103:, ed. Najm ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Khalaf, Beirut 1404/1984 4082:, ed. ʿAwwād ʿAbdallāh al-Muʿtaq, Riyadh 1419/1999 3909:. Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Ma'rifah. pp. 1/14. 3017: 2427:. Berlin, Germany: Walter De Gruyter. p. 63. 2221: 1946:Ibn Hanbal: Hayatuhu wa `Asruhu Ara'uhu wa Fiqhuh, 1544: 1093:), such as those which spoke of God's hand, face, 571:; November 780 – 2 August 855) was a Sunni Muslim 7436:Haisamīyya (Abū ʿAbdallāh Muhammad ibn al-Haisam) 4117:, ed. Samīr b. Amīn al-Zuhayrī, Riyadh 1418/1997. 3589: 3055:, Department of General Sunni Shrines, p. 13 1988:700,000 among them are related to jurisprudence. 1984:mentions that Ibn Hanbal has memorized 1,000,000 1206:One of Ibn Hanbal's most famous contributions to 8371: 6365: 5599:Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm ibn Sayyār ibn Hāni’ an-Nazzām 4171:Ignáz Goldziher, "Aḥmed b. Muḥammad b. Ḥanbal," 4131:Islamic theology. Traditionalism and rationalism 3886: 2451: 2449: 2447: 2218:The History of Persia by John Malcolm – Page 245 2214: 2212: 1804: : "The Book of Obedience to the Messenger" 1737:The following books are found in Ibn al-Nadim's 1069:Ibn Hanbal understood the perfect definition of 27:Muslim scholar, jurist, and theologian (780–855) 7763:Abū Abdillāh Mugīre ibn Sāīd al-ʿIjlī el-Bajalī 5613:Abū Sahl Abbād ibn Sulaimān (Salmān) as-Sāymarī 4004:ed. Muḥammad Ḥāmid al-Fiqī, 2 vols., Cairo 1952 3584:Introduction to Sufism: The Inner Path of Islam 3342:(London: Muslim Academic Trust, 2007), p. 389 . 1089:). As for those attributes called "ambiguous" ( 657:relates he "was the foremost in collecting the 3385:(London: Muslim Academic Trust, 2007), p. 389. 3355:(London: Muslim Academic Trust, 2007), p. 389. 3282:Ismail, Raihan (2021). "Chapter 1: Salafism". 2658: 1553:or independent reasoning in matters of law by 1144:formula. This mediating principle allowed the 8415:9th-century people from the Abbasid Caliphate 6344:List of contemporary Muslim scholars of Islam 5694:Abū ʿAbdallāh Ibnū’z-Zā‘farānī (Zā‘farānīyya) 4788: 4383: 4331:Susan Spectorsky, "Aḥmad Ibn Ḥanbal's fiqh," 3754:(London: Muslim Academic Trust, 2007), p. 313 3741:(London: Muslim Academic Trust, 2007), p. 306 3724:(London: Muslim Academic Trust, 2007), p. 306 3632:(London: Muslim Academic Trust, 2007), p. 390 3444:(London: Muslim Academic Trust, 2007), p. 387 3372:(London: Muslim Academic Trust, 2007), p. 389 2981:(London: Muslim Academic Trust, 2007), p. 307 2758: 2688: 2589:(London: Muslim Academic Trust, 2007), p. 390 2546:(London: Muslim Academic Trust, 2007), p. 301 2444: 2209: 1309:It is narrated by Abū Bakr al-Marwazī in his 765:His first wife was "Abbasah bintul Fadl", an 649:, with the latter often designating him as a 4215:The formation of Ḥanbalism. Piety into power 3229:International Journal of Middle East Studies 3166:International Journal of Middle East Studies 2854: 2641:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2366:International Journal of Middle East Studies 2301:International Journal of Middle East Studies 2278: 2276: 2274: 2272: 2270: 2268: 2266: 2057:" starring Mahyar Khaddour in the lead role. 1820:Kitab al-Radd `ala al-Zanadiqa wa'l-Jahmiyya 1655:)," Ibn Hanbal advised him to name the work 642:reputation" in the annals of Sunni history. 407: 383: 359: 335: 102:Baghdad, Abbasid Caliphate (modern-day Iraq) 7442:Ishāqīyya (Abū Yaʿqūb Ishāq ibn Mahmashādh) 3068: 1991:While according to the classification from 1705:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1549:Ibn Hanbal also had a strict criterion for 1248:Ibn Hanbal favoured independent reasoning ( 1081:, Ibn Hanbal believed that all the regular 7463:Tarā'ifīyya (Ahmad ibn ʿAbdūs at-Tarā'ifī) 4815: 4795: 4781: 4390: 4376: 4145:Ibn Ḥanbal. Ḥayātuhu wa-ʿaṣruhu wa-fiqhuhu 3836: 3790: 3172:(3). Cambridge University Press: 441–463. 2372:(3). Cambridge University Press: 441–463. 2307:(3). Cambridge University Press: 441–463. 1852:stated that a Muslim could not truly be a 751: 693:Ahmad ibn Hanbal was born in the month of 3904: 3686: 3586:(Bloomington: World Wisdom, 2010), p. 121 3551:Manāqib al-imām Aḥmad, ed. ʿĀdil Nuwayhiḍ 3534:Al-Wabil al-Sayyib min al-Kalim al-Tayyib 3496:Al-Wabil al-Sayyib min al-Kalim al-Tayyib 3396:Manāqib al-imām Aḥmad, ed. ʿĀdil Nuwayhiḍ 3366:Wasiyya al-Muwaffaq Ibn Quduma al-Maqdisi 3049:الدليل السياحي للأضرحة والمراقد في العراق 3001: 2999: 2860: 2805: 2569:Manāqib al-imām Aḥmad, ed. ʿĀdil Nuwayhiḍ 2263: 2202: 2200: 2042:Ahmad ibn Hanbal was largely depicted in 1725:Learn how and when to remove this message 1625: 1589: 1177:Ibn Hanbal also recognized "Divine Form ( 830:. Unlike the other three schools—Hanafi, 7065:Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah 5604:Abū Bakr Abdurrahmān ibn Kaysān al-Asāmm 4603:Shihab al-Din Abd al-Halim ibn Taymiyyah 4036:, ed. Muḥammad Jalāl Sharaf, Beirut 1981 3689:The Origins and Evolution of Islamic Law 3222: 3159: 2923: 2901: 2899: 2673: 2522: 2359: 2294: 1168:, whose cause he championed, during the 925: 794: 783:, while Saeed later became the judge of 706:tribe. His father was an officer in the 7288:Nafi ibn al-Azraq al-Hānafī al-Handhalī 4347:The formative period of Islamic thought 4094:Ḥilyat al-awliyāʾ wa-ṭabaqāt al-aṣfiyāʾ 4068:, ed. ʿĀdil Nuwayhiḍ, Beirut 1393/19732 4029:), ed. Zakariyyā ʿAlī Yusūf, Cairo 1971 3654: 3028:دليل الجوامع والمساجد التراثية والأثرية 2930:. University of Michigan. p. 229. 1976:who each memorized 300,000 hadith, and 849:five times in his life, twice on foot. 811:, who was the student and companion of 80:November 780 CE (Rabi' al-Awwal 164 AH) 14: 8372: 6645: 6288:Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity 3919: 3281: 3235:(3). Cambridge University Press: 443. 3074: 2996: 2602:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition 2355: 2353: 2290: 2288: 2197: 2173: 2171: 1313:that Ibn Hanbal preferred one to make 7856:Sovereign State of the Bektashi Order 6364: 5437:Kanthapuram A. P. Aboobacker Musliyar 4814: 4776: 4399:Muslim scholars of the Hanbali School 4371: 4048:al-Radd ʿalā l-zanādiqa wa-l-Jahmiyya 3900: 3898: 3628:, IX.457; cited in Gibril F. Haddad, 3312:Fath al-Majeed: Sharh Kitab al-Tawhid 2896: 2654: 2652: 2036: 2033:, the six big collections of hadith. 2003:, Ibn Hanbal has reached the rank of 1756:: "The Prophet Tradition (in Belief)" 838:—the Hanbali school remained largely 790: 714:and later settled with his family in 8410:9th-century Muslim scholars of Islam 4802: 3821: 3263:from the original on 7 November 2021 3200:from the original on 7 November 2021 2808:"Biography of Imam Ahmad Bin Hanbal" 2676:The Virtues of Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal 2619:from the original on 5 November 2021 2400:from the original on 7 November 2021 2335:from the original on 7 November 2021 1703:adding citations to reliable sources 1670: 1037: 973:Guardian of the Prophet's Narrations 8420:Scholars from the Abbasid Caliphate 8395:9th-century Arabic-language writers 7076:ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Hārb ibn al-Kindi 3661:Logical Analysis Of Wahhabi Beliefs 2350: 2285: 2185:from the original on 7 January 2019 2168: 2147: 1839: 1760:Kitab al-`Ilal wa Ma‘rifat al-Rijal 1568: 901:Muhammad bin ‘Abbas an-Nahwi said: 556: 408: 384: 360: 336: 24: 4041:al-Musnad lil-imām Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal 3974: 3895: 3837:Al-Ulayyan, Mustafa Hamdu (2017). 2993:, tr. Nicholson, chap. 21, p. 117. 2867:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 34. 2649: 1867: 271:Risala fi al-Salah li-Ahl al-Qibla 25: 8466: 7448:Muhājirīyya (Ibrāhīm ibn Muhājir) 4227:Henri Laoust, "Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal," 3407:H. Laoust, "Ahmad b. Hanbal," in 3142:from the original on 13 July 2020 3115:from the original on 16 July 2020 2256:H. Laoust, "Ahmad b. Hanbal," in 1816:: "The Book of Obligatory Duties" 1768:: "The Book of the Rites of Hajj" 883: 733: 8455:Biographical evaluation scholars 7466:Tūnīyya (Abū Bakr ibn ʿAbdallāh) 5688:Abū Amr (Abū Yahyā) Hāfs al-Fard 5560:Abū Marwān Gaylān ibn Mūslīm ad- 5238:Abū Ḥanīfah al-Nu'mān ibn Thābit 4435:(founder of the school; 780–855) 4235:La profession de foi d'Ibn Baṭṭa 4186:The four imams and their schools 3958:from the original on 8 July 2022 3781:The Four Imams and Their Schools 3765:The Four Imams and Their Schools 3752:The Four Imams and Their Schools 3739:The Four Imams and Their Schools 3722:The Four Imams and Their Schools 3668:from the original on 8 July 2022 3630:The Four Imams and Their Schools 3442:The Four Imams and Their Schools 3422:The Four Imams and Their Schools 3383:The Four Imams and Their Schools 3370:The Four Imams and Their Schools 3353:The Four Imams and Their Schools 3340:The Four Imams and Their Schools 3223:Williams, Wesley (August 2002). 3160:Williams, Wesley (August 2002). 2979:The Four Imams and Their Schools 2881:from the original on 2 June 2021 2587:The Four Imams and Their Schools 2544:The Four Imams and Their Schools 2360:Williams, Wesley (August 2002). 2295:Williams, Wesley (August 2002). 1891:Likewise, some consider how the 1675: 1521: 1254:) and rejected blind following ( 86:, Abbasid Caliphate (modern-day 8358: 8018:United Submitters International 7297:Abu Bayhas al-Hāytham ibn Jābir 6675:Alid dynasties of northern Iran 6028:Al-Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi 4714:Muhammad bin Ahmad al-Saffarini 4312:Aḥmed ibn Ḥanbal and the miḥna, 3913: 3880: 3845: 3830: 3815: 3799: 3773: 3757: 3744: 3727: 3680: 3648: 3635: 3618: 3605: 3556: 3543: 3518: 3505: 3473: 3460: 3447: 3414: 3401: 3388: 3375: 3368:, p. 93; see Gibril F. Haddad, 3358: 3345: 3332: 3303: 3275: 3216: 3153: 3059: 2984: 2971: 2960: 2944: 2917: 2842: 2825: 2799: 2789: 2780: 2749: 2740: 2731: 2722: 2710: 2682: 2667: 2592: 2561: 2516: 2480: 2471: 2458: 2132: 1642:, Ibn Hanbal "considered every 1545:Independent reasoning by muftis 1304: 1260:). His staunch condemnation of 919:‘Abd al-Malik al-Maymuni said: 8450:Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam 8312:Sunni schools of jurisprudence 7325:Abū Yazīd Mukhallad ibn Kayrād 6038:Abu'l-Fawaris Ahmad ibn Ya'qub 6033:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Naysaburi 5691:Muḥāmmad ibn ʿĪsā (Burgūsīyya) 5312:Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari 4439:Ibrahim ibn Ya'qub al-Juzajani 4087:Darʾ taʿāruḍ al-ʿaql wa-l-naql 4080:Ijtimāʿ al-Jayesh al-Islamiyah 3080:Historical Dictionary of Islam 2416: 1980:who memorized 500,000 hadith. 1332:Qāida fil-Tawassul wal-Wasiīla 852: 505:Al-Hasan ibn 'Ali al-Barbahari 13: 1: 7739:al-Mufaddal ibn Umar al-Ju'fi 6065:Ali ibn Muhammad ibn al-Walid 4468:Al-Hasan ibn Ali al-Barbahari 4059:Sīrat al-imām Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal 4016:al-ʿIlal wa-maʿrifat al-rijāl 3924:(in Arabic). pp. 21/379. 3735:Al-'Ilal wa-Ma'rifat al-Rijāl 3643:Al-'Ilal wa Ma'rifat Ar-Rijal 3613:Al-'Ilal wa Ma'rifat Ar-Rijal 2861:Halverson, Jeffry R. (2010). 2849:Jurisprudence and Law – Islam 2161: 1798:: "Virtues of the Companions" 1526:According to Hanbali scholar 1338:of al-Marwazī as his source. 1226:kalām Allāh g̲h̲ayr mak̲h̲lūḳ 964:Seal of the Independent Imams 952:founder of the Hanbali school 7427:ʿĀbidīyya (ʿUthmān al-ʿĀbid) 7368:Abd Allah ibn Wahb al-Rasibi 7349:'Abdullāh ibn Ibāḍ al-Tamimi 6367:Islamic schools and branches 5202:Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad 5107:Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam 4122: 4096:, 10 vols., Beirut 1409/1988 2924:Williams, W. Wesley (2008). 2150:); he is known by the title 2125: 1877:Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari 1341: 1264:is reported in the treatise 1201: 895:Ibn Dharih al-’Ukbari said: 888:His appearance according to 688: 683: 7: 7359:Abu Qudama Yazid ibn Fandin 6055:Hassan Ala Dhikrihi's Salam 5412:Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi 5347:Najm al-Din 'Umar al-Nasafi 4521:Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi 4075:, 16 vols., Cairo 1418/1998 2524:Ibn al-Jawzi, Abd ar-Rahman 2179:"مناهج أئمة الجرح والتعديل" 2061: 1053: 702:, and belonged to the Arab 567: 10: 8471: 8115:Bandagi Mian Syed Khundmir 7555:Muhammad ibn Ziyād al-Kūfī 7308:Najdah ibn 'Amir al-Hānafī 6986:Nasir Khusraw al-Qubadiani 6470:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab 5726:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab 5357:Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi 5317:Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi 5142:Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi 4726:Sulayman ibn Abd al-Wahhab 4720:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab 4222:American Historical Review 4201:Ibn Taymiyya and his times 4179:Vorlesungen über den Islam 4027:al-Ṣalāh wa-aḥkām tārikīhā 3979: 2005:Amir al-Mu'minin al-Hadith 1810:: "The Book of Abrogation" 1593: 1241: 1062: 987:Baghdad, Abbasid Caliphate 967:Reinforcer of the Religion 856: 529:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab 32:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi 29: 8306: 8259: 8211: 8165: 8055: 8042: 7981: 7878: 7816: 7799: 7686: 7634: 7625: 7564: 7481: 7415: 7392: 7339: 7259: 7244: 7174: 7041: 6884: 6748: 6723: 6699:Extinct Zaydi Shi'a sects 6636: 6536: 6386: 6377: 6373: 6360: 6334: 6279: 6226: 6122: 6115: 6073: 6043:Tayyibi Ismā'īlī doctrine 6003: 5861: 5758:Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wadi'i 5706: 5676: 5583: 5551: 5492: 5450: 5271: 5225: 5212:Muhammad Arafa al-Desouki 5187:Abu Ali al-Hassan al-Yusi 5037:Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani 4976: 4967: 4935: 4907: 4874: 4846: 4839: 4835: 4810: 4741: 4706: 4677: 4618: 4597:Majd ad-Din ibn Taymiyyah 4583: 4536: 4489: 4454: 4425: 4405: 4244:(Damascus 1956–7), 3:7–35 4099:Marʿī b. Yūsuf al-Karmī, 4054:(Alexandria 1971), 51–103 3941:Ensiklopedia Imam Syafi'i 3241:10.1017/S0020743802003021 3178:10.1017/S0020743802003021 2378:10.1017/S0020743802003021 2313:10.1017/S0020743802003021 1951: 1620: 1472: 1358:that we find most of the 1235: 999: 991: 983: 939: 932: 473: 447:Abd al-Razzaq al-Sana'ani 424: 419: 415: 409:ٱلشَّيْبَانيّ ٱلذُّهْلِيّ 391: 367: 343: 319: 310: 279: 231: 223: 192: 182: 167: 157: 149: 134: 117: 107: 95: 76: 71: 60: 53: 41: 7728:Umayr ibn Bayān al-ʿIjlī 6603:Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi 6217:The Moderation in Belief 6098:Al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya 5836:Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi 5407:Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri 5337:Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi 4499:(952–1020 CE/341–410 AH) 4242:Mélanges Louis Massignon 4092:Abū Nuʿaym al-Iṣfahānī, 4078:Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya, 3769:Majmū' al-Fatāwā, 20:365 3494:Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya, 2991:Hujwiri, Kashf al-Mahjub 2907:"Imaam Ahmad ibn Hanbal" 2466:The Arab Studies Journal 1666: 1220:of the Quran being the " 1105:by the believers on the 1073:to be that given in the 614:up to the present time. 535:Muhammad ibn al-Uthaymin 442:Abd Allah ibn al-Mubarak 54: 8400:9th-century Arab people 8390:8th-century Arab people 8190:Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani 7581:Hammād ibn Abū Sūlaimān 7499:Yūnus ibn Awn an-Namīrī 7271:Abd al-Karīm ibn Adjrād 6210:Divan-i Shams-i Tabrizi 6168:Al-Aqidah al-Tahawiyyah 6023:Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani 5427:Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi 5332:Akmal al-Din al-Babarti 5322:'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari 5162:Al-Maqqari al-Tilmisani 5117:Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi 5052:Abu Ishaq al-Isfara'ini 4568:Abd al-Ghani al-Maqdisi 4251:(Leiden 1974), 1:504–25 2967:Siyar A'lam al-Nubala' 1960:of Hadith according to 1833:Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal 1796:Kitab al-Fada'il Sahaba 1362:reports concerning the 1189:, Ibn Hanbal asserted: 1028:Ahmad ibn Hanbal Mosque 1009:Ahmad ibn Hanbal Mosque 976:Confirmer of the Relics 752:His Wives and Childrens 532:Diya' al-Din al-Maqdisi 526:Abd al-Ghani al-Maqdisi 499:Badr ad-Deen al Hanbali 7862:Galip Hassan Kuscuoglu 7439:Hīdīyya (Hīd ibn Saif) 6932:Baha al-Din al-Muqtana 6427:Khwaja Abdullah Ansari 6088:Ahmad ibn Isa ibn Zayd 6083:Abu'l-Jarud al-Hamdani 6018:Abu Yaqub al-Sijistani 5978:Agha Zia ol Din Araghi 5963:Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi 5643:Abu al-Husayn al-Basri 5638:Al-Qadi 'Abd al-Jabbar 5397:Shah Waliullah Dehlawi 5307:Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi 5302:Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi 5287:Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi 5157:Jalal al-Din al-Dawani 5122:Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati 5047:Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi 4697:Ibn al-Imad al-Hanbali 4650:Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya 4544:Awn al-Din ibn Hubayra 4515:Khwaja Abdullah Ansari 4275:Christopher Melchert, 4268:Christopher Melchert, 4224:108/4 (2003), 985–1008 3995:Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ 3824:Al-Madkhal Al-Mufassal 3600:The Life of Ibn Hanbal 3564:The Life of Ibn Hanbal 3526:The Life of Ibn Hanbal 3381:See Gibril F. Haddad, 3053:Sunni Endowment Office 3032:Sunni Endowment Office 2977:See Gibril F. Haddad, 2691:Encyclopaedia of Islam 1978:Abu Dawud al-Sijistani 1792:: "The Book of Drinks" 1649:The Core of Divergence 1626:Differences of opinion 1590:Private interpretation 1463:Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya 1302: 1278:), Ibn Hanbal states: 1199: 1058: 1023: 890:Siyar A'lam al-Nubala' 800: 8131:Wallace Fard Muhammad 7083:Abdallah ibn Mu'awiya 6590:Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi 6339:Early Muslim scholars 6147:Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq 5417:Rahmatullah Kairanawi 5167:Abd al-Rahman al-Fasi 5077:Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi 4497:Abu al-Fadl al-Tamimi 4317:Muḥammad Z. Siddiqi, 4258:(Oxford 1981), 216–64 4140:42/1–3 (1995), 365–79 4106:Abū Bakr al-Khallāl, 4073:al-Bidāya wa-l-nihāya 4066:Manāqib al-imām Aḥmad 3922:Siyar a'lam al-nubala 3812:, vol. 18, pg. 57-58. 3538:The Invocation of God 3500:The Invocation of God 3409:Encyclopedia of Islam 2957:Siyar A'lam al-Nubala 2529:Manaqib al-Imam Ahmad 2258:Encyclopedia of Islam 1966:Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani 1962:Jamal al-Din al-Mizzi 1802:Kitab Tha'ah al-Rasul 1780:: "The Book of Faith" 1594:Further information: 1449:that he founded, the 1389:zāhid aw mutaqashshif 1280: 1191: 1063:Further information: 1019: 961:Proof of the Religion 955:Defender of Orthodoxy 926:His illness and Death 798: 597:Islamic jurisprudence 405:Al-Shaybānī al-Dhuhlī 7777:‘Ulyanīyya/'Alyaīyya 7572:Al-Harith ibn Surayj 6762:Theology of Twelvers 6607:Rashid Ahmad Gangohi 6154:Al-Milal wa al-Nihal 5953:Nasir al-Din al-Tusi 5352:Siraj al-Din al-Ushi 5342:Nur al-Din al-Sabuni 5327:Al-Sharif al-Jurjani 5147:Ibn Hajar al-Haytami 5112:Taqi al-Din al-Subki 5102:Sayf al-Din al-Amidi 5097:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi 5072:Abu al-Walid al-Baji 4609:Zayn al-Din al-Amidi 4509:Abu Ali ibn al-Banna 4249:Orientalia hispanica 4143:Muḥammad Abū Zahra, 4129:Binyamin Abrahamov, 4002:Ṭabaqāt al-ḥanābila, 3907:Tabaqat al-Hanabilah 3656:Tabassi, Najm Al-Din 3086:, pp. 136–137, 3013:on 3 September 2018. 2659:Muhammad Abu Zahra. 1974:Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj 1699:improve this section 958:True Shaykh of Islam 514:Ibn Battah al-Ukbari 8405:9th-century jurists 8011:Ghulam Ahmed Pervez 7753:Abū Mānsūr al-ʿIjlī 7725:ʿIjlīyya/Umayrīyya 7523:Abū Sawbān al-Murjī 7185:An-Nafs Az-Zakiyyah 6492:Other Salafi trends 6321:Musta'li Isma'ilism 6237:Eʿteqādātal-Emāmīya 5628:Ja'far ibn Mūbassīr 5392:Anwar Shah Kashmiri 5042:Zakariyya al-Ansari 4732:Fatima al-Fudayliya 4574:Abdul-Razzaq Gilani 4462:Abu Bakr al-Khallal 4352:W. Montgomey Watt, 4345:W. Montgomey Watt, 4335:102/3 (1982), 461–5 4286:48/3 (2001), 352–67 4157:Michael Cooperson, 4154:86 (1997/2), 71–101 3785:Tabaqāt al-Hanābila 3426:Tabaqāt al-Hanābila 3208:– via JSTOR. 2768:. HadithAnswers.com 2408:– via JSTOR. 2343:– via JSTOR. 2260:, Vol. I, pp. 272-7 1970:Muhammad al-Bukhari 1885:Abu Bakr al-Khallal 1539:Abu Bakr al-Khallal 1326:. In the same way, 1107:day of resurrection 635:Quran being created 557:أَحْمَد بْن حَنْبَل 493:Abu Bakr al-Khallal 385:أَبُو عَبْد ٱللَّٰه 67:('Shaykh of Islam') 55:أَحْمَد بْن حَنْبَل 8310:Other scholars of 8201:Islamic modernists 8175:Modernist Salafism 7826:Qutb ad-Dīn Haydar 7785:Abdullah ibn Saba' 7720:Muʿāmmar ibn Ahmar 7605:Ibrāhim ibn Yousūf 7593:Mūsā ibn Abū Kasīr 7584:Muhārīb ibn Dithār 7515:Abū Muāz at-Tūmanī 6837:Astarabadi (Naimi) 6567:Abdullah al-Harari 6521:Muhammad bin Dawud 6454:Syed Nazeer Husain 6189:Tabsirat al-Adilla 6103:Al-Mansur al-Qasim 5938:Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid 5785:Syed Nazeer Husain 5708:Salafi Theologians 5460:Al-Ja'd ibn Dirham 5432:Muhammad Abu Zahra 5217:Ahmad Zayni Dahlan 5067:Abdul Qadir Gilani 4550:Abdul Qadir Gilani 4474:Abu Bakr al-Ajurri 4363:34 (2002), 441–63. 4338:Susan Spectorsky, 4310:Walter M. Patton, 4184:Gibril F. Haddad, 3887:Ibn 'Abd al-Barr. 3779:Gibril F. Haddad, 3763:Gibril F. Haddad, 3750:Gibril F. Haddad, 3733:Ahmad ibn Hanbal, 3720:Gibril F. Haddad, 3553:, Beirut 1393/1973 3440:Gibril F. Haddad, 3420:Gibril F. Haddad, 3351:Gibril F. Haddad, 3338:Gibril F. Haddad, 3271:– via JSTOR. 3138:, Dargahinfo.com, 3111:, Dargahinfo.com, 2839:, p. 23 footnote 7 2585:Gibril F. Haddad, 2571:, Beirut 1393/1973 2542:Gibril F. Haddad, 2037:In popular culture 2017:Hammad ibn Salamah 1999:which recorded by 1942:Muhammad Abu Zahra 1922:Siyar A'lam Nubala 1850:Abdul-Qadir Gilani 1786:: "Issues in Fiqh" 1657:The Book of Leeway 1467:Abdul Qadir Jilani 1465:, all belonged to 1441:Abdul Qadir Jilani 1384:Bishr the Barefoot 1032:al-Rusafa District 801: 791:Education and work 727:Mary, Turkmenistan 621:instituted by the 591:and eponym of the 508:Abdul Qadir Gilani 428:Influenced by 244:al-Asami wa-l-Kuna 139:Islamic Golden Age 8354: 8353: 8350: 8349: 8346: 8345: 8302: 8301: 8111:Muhammad Jaunpuri 8038: 8037: 7964:Sumāma ibn Ashras 7795: 7794: 7646:Dāwūd al-Jawāribî 7621: 7620: 7491:Gaylān ibn Marwān 7388: 7387: 7240: 7239: 6903:Abdallah al-Aftah 6719: 6718: 6632: 6631: 6616:Necmettin Erbakan 6458:Siddiq Hasan Khan 6422:Al-Qadi Abu Ya'la 6356: 6355: 6352: 6351: 6330: 6329: 6270:Tajrid al-I'tiqad 6264:Tashih al-I'tiqad 6175:Al-Sawad al-A'zam 6111: 6110: 6093:Al-Qasim al-Rassi 6060:Idris Imad al-Din 6013:Al-Qadi al-Nu'man 5988:Ruhollah Khomeini 5968:Zurarah ibn A'yan 5943:Sharif al-Murtaza 5931:Muhammad al-Mahdi 5916:Muhammad al-Jawad 5896:Muhammad al-Baqir 5797:Siddiq Hasan Khan 5773:Rabee al-Madkhali 5422:Murtada al-Zabidi 5197:Ibrahim al-Bajuri 4963: 4962: 4770: 4769: 4562:Hammad al-Harrani 4503:Al-Qadi Abu Ya'la 4324:Morris S. Seale, 4319:Ḥadīth literature 4307:26 (1994), 615–29 4265:44 (1997), 234–53 4206:Livnat Holtzman, 4181:, Heidelberg 1910 4177:Ignáz Goldziher, 4168:29 (1977), 157–78 4057:Ṣāliḥ b. Ḥanbal, 4046:Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal, 4039:Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal, 4032:Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal, 4021:Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal, 4014:Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal, 4007:Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal, 3826:. pp. 1/366. 3698:978-0-521-80332-8 3480:al-Ghiza al-Albab 3093:978-0-8108-6161-9 3076:Adamec, Ludwig W. 2837:978-0-231-12814-8 2678:. pp. 12–13. 2434:978-3-11-028534-5 1926:Al-Layth ibn Sa'd 1912:, jurisprudence, 1790:Kitab al-Ashribah 1735: 1734: 1727: 1653:Lubāb al-Ikhtilāf 1405:Dhul-Nun of Egypt 1083:attributes of God 1079:divine attributes 1038:Views and thought 1015: 1014: 992:Venerated in 842:in its theology. 565: 546: 545: 520:al-Qāḍī Abū Yaʿlā 462:Ishaq ibn Rahuyah 437:Sufyan ibn Uyayna 401: 377: 353: 329: 259:Fada'il al-Sahaba 153:Abbasid Caliphate 16:(Redirected from 8462: 8430:Hadith compilers 8365: 8362: 8053: 8052: 7814: 7813: 7632: 7631: 7608:Nusayr ibn Yahyā 7590:Awn ibn Abdullāh 7577:Sa'id ibn Jubayr 7547:Ubayd al-Mūktaib 7413: 7412: 7257: 7256: 7226:ʿAjlan ibn Nawus 7195:Maḥmūd Pasīkhānī 7164:Khashabiyya Shia 7100:Bayān ibn Sam‘ān 7058:Abū ʿAmra Kaysān 6841:Imadaddin Nasimi 6746: 6745: 6643: 6642: 6514:Salafi Modernism 6417:Ahmad ibn Hanbal 6384: 6383: 6375: 6374: 6362: 6361: 6258:Awail Al Maqalat 6140:Al-Baz al-Ashhab 6120: 6119: 6050:Dhu'ayb ibn Musa 6005:Isma'ili Shi'ism 5993:Wilayat al-faqih 5973:Hisham ibn Hakam 5958:Allamah Al-Hilli 5182:Muhammad Mayyara 4974: 4973: 4844: 4843: 4837: 4836: 4812: 4811: 4804:Islamic theology 4797: 4790: 4783: 4774: 4773: 4668:Haji Bayram Wali 4433:Ahmad ibn Hanbal 4392: 4385: 4378: 4369: 4368: 4356:, Edinburgh 1994 4349:, Edinburgh 1973 4293:82 (2005), 32–51 4270:Ahmad ibn Hanbal 4256:Studies on Islam 4213:Nimrod Hurvitz, 4195:, 25 (1993), 590 4161:, Cambridge 2000 4133:, Edinburgh 1998 4052:ʿAqāʾid al-salaf 3988:Kitāb al-Sharīʿa 3968: 3967: 3965: 3963: 3935: 3926: 3925: 3917: 3911: 3910: 3902: 3893: 3892: 3884: 3878: 3874:Brill Publishers 3866:Sabine Schmidtke 3849: 3843: 3842: 3834: 3828: 3827: 3822:Abu Zayd, Bakr. 3819: 3813: 3803: 3797: 3794: 3788: 3777: 3771: 3761: 3755: 3748: 3742: 3731: 3725: 3718: 3703: 3702: 3684: 3678: 3677: 3675: 3673: 3652: 3646: 3639: 3633: 3622: 3616: 3609: 3603: 3596: 3587: 3580: 3567: 3560: 3554: 3547: 3541: 3522: 3516: 3509: 3503: 3492: 3483: 3477: 3471: 3464: 3458: 3451: 3445: 3438: 3429: 3418: 3412: 3405: 3399: 3392: 3386: 3379: 3373: 3362: 3356: 3349: 3343: 3336: 3330: 3329: 3307: 3301: 3300: 3279: 3273: 3272: 3270: 3268: 3220: 3214: 3213: 3207: 3205: 3157: 3151: 3150: 3149: 3147: 3130: 3124: 3123: 3122: 3120: 3103: 3097: 3096: 3072: 3066: 3063: 3057: 3056: 3045: 3036: 3035: 3024: 3015: 3014: 3003: 2994: 2988: 2982: 2975: 2969: 2964: 2951: 2942: 2941: 2921: 2915: 2914: 2909:. Archived from 2903: 2894: 2893: 2888: 2886: 2858: 2852: 2846: 2840: 2829: 2823: 2822: 2820: 2818: 2803: 2797: 2793: 2787: 2784: 2778: 2777: 2775: 2773: 2762: 2756: 2753: 2747: 2744: 2738: 2735: 2729: 2726: 2720: 2714: 2708: 2707: 2686: 2680: 2679: 2671: 2665: 2664: 2656: 2647: 2646: 2640: 2632: 2626: 2624: 2596: 2590: 2583: 2572: 2565: 2559: 2556: 2547: 2540: 2534: 2533: 2520: 2514: 2511: 2494: 2484: 2478: 2475: 2469: 2462: 2456: 2453: 2442: 2441: 2420: 2414: 2413: 2407: 2405: 2357: 2348: 2347: 2342: 2340: 2292: 2283: 2280: 2261: 2254: 2219: 2216: 2207: 2204: 2195: 2194: 2192: 2190: 2175: 2155: 2149: 2136: 1897:Ibn 'Abd al-Barr 1840:Historical views 1814:Kitab al-Fara'id 1784:Kitab al-Masa'il 1766:Kitab al-Manasik 1730: 1723: 1719: 1716: 1710: 1679: 1671: 1528:Najm al-Din Tufi 1512:Muhammad's grave 1429:incorruptibility 1126:anthropomorphism 1005: 934:Ahmad ibn Hanbal 930: 929: 757:about marriage. 633:doctrine of the 570: 568:Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal 560: 558: 549:Ahmad ibn Hanbal 411: 410: 395: 387: 386: 371: 363: 362: 347: 339: 338: 323: 193:Main interest(s) 48:Ahmad ibn Hanbal 39: 38: 21: 18:Ahmad Ibn Hanbal 8470: 8469: 8465: 8464: 8463: 8461: 8460: 8459: 8370: 8369: 8368: 8363: 8359: 8355: 8342: 8298: 8255: 8226:Ahmed Raza Khan 8207: 8161: 8151:Fethullah Gülen 8126:Nation of Islam 8047: 8044: 8034: 7977: 7954:Ahmad ibn Hābīt 7882: 7874: 7807: 7803: 7791: 7712:Bāzīgh ibn Mūsā 7682: 7617: 7602:Hālaf ibn Ayyūb 7560: 7477: 7406: 7403: 7400: 7396: 7384: 7335: 7248: 7236: 7170: 7044: 7037: 7005:Hassan-i Sabbah 6888: 6880: 6752: 6739: 6735: 6731: 6727: 6715: 6680:Hasan al-Utrush 6628: 6594:Ahmed Raza Khan 6540: 6532: 6439:Dawud al-Zahiri 6390: 6369: 6348: 6326: 6275: 6222: 6182:Kitab al-Tawhid 6107: 6069: 5999: 5926:Hasan al-Askari 5901:Ja'far al-Sadiq 5863:Twelver Shi'ism 5857: 5829:Salafi Jihadism 5824:Osama bin Laden 5807:Safar Al-Hawali 5768:Saleh Al-Fawzan 5702: 5672: 5665:Sahib ibn Abbad 5660:Ibn Abi'l-Hadid 5625:Ja'far ibn Harb 5590:Wasil ibn 'Ata' 5587: 5579: 5547: 5508:ī (Muqātilīyya) 5488: 5446: 5402:Shah Abdul Aziz 5275: 5267: 5221: 5207:Ahmad al-Dardir 5092:Ahmad al-Rifa'i 4980: 4959: 4931: 4903: 4870: 4831: 4830: 4806: 4801: 4771: 4766: 4737: 4702: 4673: 4644:Ibn Abd al-Hadi 4614: 4579: 4532: 4485: 4450: 4421: 4401: 4396: 4366: 4237:, Damascus 1958 4125: 4120: 4000:Ibn Abī Yaʿlā, 3982: 3977: 3975:Further reading 3972: 3971: 3961: 3959: 3952: 3936: 3929: 3918: 3914: 3903: 3896: 3885: 3881: 3850: 3846: 3835: 3831: 3820: 3816: 3806:Yaqut al-Hamawi 3804: 3800: 3795: 3791: 3778: 3774: 3762: 3758: 3749: 3745: 3732: 3728: 3719: 3706: 3699: 3685: 3681: 3671: 3669: 3653: 3649: 3640: 3636: 3623: 3619: 3610: 3606: 3597: 3590: 3582:Eric Geoffrey, 3581: 3570: 3561: 3557: 3548: 3544: 3530:Kashf al-Majhub 3523: 3519: 3513:Kashf al-Majhub 3510: 3506: 3493: 3486: 3478: 3474: 3468:Kashf al-Majhub 3465: 3461: 3452: 3448: 3439: 3432: 3419: 3415: 3406: 3402: 3393: 3389: 3380: 3376: 3363: 3359: 3350: 3346: 3337: 3333: 3326: 3308: 3304: 3294: 3280: 3276: 3266: 3264: 3221: 3217: 3203: 3201: 3158: 3154: 3145: 3143: 3132: 3131: 3127: 3118: 3116: 3105: 3104: 3100: 3094: 3084:Scarecrow Press 3073: 3069: 3064: 3060: 3047: 3046: 3039: 3026: 3025: 3018: 3005: 3004: 2997: 2989: 2985: 2976: 2972: 2965: 2961: 2945: 2938: 2922: 2918: 2913:on 16 May 2007. 2905: 2904: 2897: 2884: 2882: 2875: 2859: 2855: 2847: 2843: 2830: 2826: 2816: 2814: 2806:IslamicFinder. 2804: 2800: 2794: 2790: 2785: 2781: 2771: 2769: 2764: 2763: 2759: 2754: 2750: 2745: 2741: 2736: 2732: 2727: 2723: 2715: 2711: 2701: 2687: 2683: 2672: 2668: 2657: 2650: 2634: 2633: 2622: 2620: 2613: 2597: 2593: 2584: 2575: 2566: 2562: 2557: 2550: 2541: 2537: 2521: 2517: 2512: 2497: 2485: 2481: 2476: 2472: 2463: 2459: 2454: 2445: 2435: 2421: 2417: 2403: 2401: 2358: 2351: 2338: 2336: 2293: 2286: 2281: 2264: 2255: 2222: 2217: 2210: 2205: 2198: 2188: 2186: 2181:. Ibnamin.com. 2177: 2176: 2169: 2164: 2159: 2158: 2152:Shaykh al-Islam 2137: 2133: 2128: 2123: 2064: 2039: 2030:Kutub al-Sittah 2013:Yahya ibn Ma'in 1954: 1870: 1862:Yahya ibn Ma'in 1842: 1748:Usool as-Sunnah 1731: 1720: 1714: 1711: 1696: 1680: 1669: 1628: 1623: 1598: 1592: 1574: 1547: 1524: 1475: 1344: 1307: 1272:to polytheism ( 1246: 1240: 1204: 1165:Ashab al-Hadith 1146:traditionalists 1067: 1061: 1056: 1040: 1011:, Baghdad, Iraq 1000: 979: 935: 928: 886: 861: 855: 807:jurisprudence, 793: 754: 736: 691: 686: 542: 502:Asad al Hanbali 479: 478: 469: 466: 430: 429: 406: 394: 382: 370: 358: 346: 334: 322: 306: 275: 232:Notable work(s) 224:Notable idea(s) 219: 174:(eponym of the 130: 103: 100: 91: 81: 65:Shaykh al-Islam 56: 49: 46: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8468: 8458: 8457: 8452: 8447: 8442: 8437: 8432: 8427: 8422: 8417: 8412: 8407: 8402: 8397: 8392: 8387: 8382: 8367: 8366: 8356: 8352: 8351: 8348: 8347: 8344: 8343: 8341: 8340: 8335: 8330: 8325: 8320: 8315: 8307: 8304: 8303: 8300: 8299: 8297: 8296: 8291: 8286: 8281: 8276: 8271: 8265: 8263: 8257: 8256: 8254: 8253: 8248: 8247: 8246: 8241: 8232: 8217: 8215: 8209: 8208: 8206: 8205: 8204: 8203: 8197: 8192: 8187: 8182: 8180:Muhammad Abduh 8171: 8169: 8163: 8162: 8160: 8159: 8158: 8157: 8139: 8138: 8137: 8123: 8122: 8121: 8103: 8102: 8101: 8084: 8083: 8082: 8077: 8072: 8061: 8059: 8050: 8040: 8039: 8036: 8035: 8033: 8032: 8031: 8030: 8025: 8023:Rashad Khalifa 8015: 8014: 8013: 8008: 8006:Muhammad Iqbal 7998: 7993: 7987: 7985: 7979: 7978: 7976: 7975: 7974: 7973: 7967: 7966: 7965: 7959: 7958: 7957: 7956: 7955: 7949: 7946: 7940: 7937: 7936: 7935: 7934: 7933: 7924: 7923: 7922: 7914: 7913: 7912: 7911: 7910: 7905: 7897: 7890: 7888: 7876: 7875: 7873: 7872: 7859: 7852:Bektashi Order 7845: 7836: 7822: 7820: 7811: 7797: 7796: 7793: 7792: 7790: 7789: 7788: 7787: 7779: 7774: 7769: 7766: 7765: 7764: 7756: 7755: 7754: 7748: 7743: 7742: 7741: 7731: 7730: 7729: 7723: 7722: 7721: 7715: 7714: 7713: 7705: 7704: 7703: 7701:Abu al-Khattab 7692: 7690: 7684: 7683: 7681: 7680: 7679: 7678: 7673: 7668: 7659:Abū Hulmān al- 7652: 7649: 7648: 7647: 7640: 7638: 7629: 7623: 7622: 7619: 7618: 7616: 7615: 7614:Amr ibn Murrah 7612: 7611:Ahmad ibn Hārb 7609: 7606: 7603: 7600: 7599:Salm ibn Sālem 7597: 7594: 7591: 7588: 7585: 7582: 7579: 7574: 7568: 7566: 7562: 7561: 7559: 7558: 7557: 7556: 7550: 7549: 7548: 7542: 7541: 7540: 7534: 7533: 7532: 7531:Sāleh ibn Umar 7526: 7525: 7524: 7518: 7517: 7516: 7510: 7509: 7508: 7507:Gassān al-Kūfī 7502: 7501: 7500: 7494: 7493: 7492: 7485: 7483: 7479: 7478: 7476: 7475: 7474: 7473: 7470: 7467: 7464: 7461: 7458: 7455: 7452: 7449: 7446: 7443: 7440: 7437: 7434: 7431: 7428: 7421: 7419: 7410: 7390: 7389: 7386: 7385: 7383: 7382: 7377: 7376: 7375: 7365: 7356: 7354:Jābir ibn Zayd 7351: 7345: 7343: 7337: 7336: 7334: 7333: 7332: 7331: 7322: 7312: 7311: 7310: 7300: 7299: 7298: 7292: 7291: 7290: 7280: 7279: 7278: 7275: 7272: 7265: 7263: 7254: 7242: 7241: 7238: 7237: 7235: 7234: 7229: 7228: 7227: 7222:Tawussite Shia 7219: 7218: 7217: 7203: 7202: 7201: 7187: 7181: 7179: 7172: 7171: 7169: 7168: 7167: 7166: 7161: 7160: 7159: 7154: 7153: 7152: 7147: 7146: 7145: 7140: 7125: 7124: 7123: 7105: 7104: 7103: 7102: 7101: 7095: 7094: 7093: 7090: 7089: 7088: 7085: 7077: 7062: 7061: 7060: 7049: 7047: 7039: 7038: 7036: 7035: 7034: 7033: 7024: 7011: 6997: 6996: 6995: 6983: 6982: 6981: 6976: 6975: 6974: 6969: 6964: 6944: 6943: 6942: 6925: 6907: 6906: 6905: 6894: 6892: 6882: 6881: 6879: 6878: 6877: 6876: 6867: 6853: 6852: 6851: 6834: 6816: 6815: 6814: 6788: 6787: 6786: 6781: 6780: 6779: 6774: 6758: 6756: 6743: 6721: 6720: 6717: 6716: 6714: 6713: 6712: 6711: 6706: 6696: 6695: 6694: 6692:Imams of Yemen 6689: 6687:Yahya ibn Umar 6684: 6683: 6682: 6672: 6667: 6662: 6651: 6649: 6640: 6634: 6633: 6630: 6629: 6627: 6626: 6625: 6624: 6623: 6622: 6613: 6600: 6577: 6576: 6575: 6574: 6573: 6559: 6548: 6546: 6534: 6533: 6531: 6530: 6529: 6528: 6523: 6518: 6517: 6516: 6511: 6510: 6509: 6504: 6499: 6489: 6488: 6487: 6482: 6477: 6472: 6462: 6461: 6460: 6441: 6431: 6430: 6429: 6424: 6419: 6409: 6408: 6407: 6398: 6396: 6381: 6371: 6370: 6358: 6357: 6354: 6353: 6350: 6349: 6347: 6346: 6341: 6335: 6332: 6331: 6328: 6327: 6325: 6324: 6313: 6302: 6295:Kitab al-Majmu 6291: 6283: 6281: 6277: 6276: 6274: 6273: 6266: 6261: 6254: 6247: 6240: 6232: 6230: 6224: 6223: 6221: 6220: 6213: 6206: 6199: 6192: 6185: 6178: 6171: 6164: 6157: 6150: 6143: 6136: 6133:Asas al-Taqdis 6128: 6126: 6117: 6113: 6112: 6109: 6108: 6106: 6105: 6100: 6095: 6090: 6085: 6079: 6077: 6071: 6070: 6068: 6067: 6062: 6057: 6052: 6047: 6046: 6045: 6035: 6030: 6025: 6020: 6015: 6009: 6007: 6001: 6000: 5998: 5997: 5996: 5995: 5985: 5983:Ja'far Sobhani 5980: 5975: 5970: 5965: 5960: 5955: 5950: 5945: 5940: 5935: 5934: 5933: 5928: 5923: 5918: 5913: 5908: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5886:Husayn ibn Ali 5883: 5878: 5867: 5865: 5859: 5858: 5856: 5855: 5854: 5853: 5845: 5844: 5843: 5833: 5832: 5831: 5821: 5819:Salman al-Ouda 5816: 5815: 5814: 5812:Sahwa movement 5804: 5802:Zubair Ali Zai 5799: 5794: 5793: 5792: 5782: 5781: 5780: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5745: 5740: 5735: 5734: 5733: 5723: 5718: 5712: 5710: 5704: 5703: 5701: 5700: 5699: 5698: 5695: 5692: 5689: 5682: 5680: 5674: 5673: 5671: 5670: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5650:Al-Zamakhshari 5647: 5646: 5645: 5635: 5629: 5626: 5623: 5620: 5614: 5611: 5608: 5605: 5602: 5595: 5593: 5581: 5580: 5578: 5577: 5557: 5555: 5549: 5548: 5546: 5545: 5535: 5534: 5533: 5525: 5509: 5498: 5496: 5490: 5489: 5487: 5486: 5485: 5484: 5483: 5482: 5469: 5468: 5467: 5456: 5454: 5448: 5447: 5445: 5444: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5414: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5394: 5389: 5387:Ahmad Sirhindi 5384: 5379: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5283: 5281: 5269: 5268: 5266: 5265: 5255: 5248:Malik ibn Anas 5245: 5234: 5232: 5223: 5222: 5220: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5124: 5119: 5114: 5109: 5104: 5099: 5094: 5089: 5084: 5079: 5074: 5069: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5044: 5039: 5034: 5029: 5024: 5019: 5014: 5012:Al-Shahrastani 5009: 5004: 4999: 4994: 4988: 4986: 4971: 4965: 4964: 4961: 4960: 4958: 4957: 4952: 4947: 4941: 4939: 4933: 4932: 4930: 4929: 4924: 4919: 4913: 4911: 4905: 4904: 4902: 4901: 4896: 4891: 4886: 4880: 4878: 4872: 4871: 4869: 4868: 4863: 4858: 4852: 4850: 4841: 4833: 4832: 4829: 4828: 4825: 4820: 4816: 4808: 4807: 4800: 4799: 4792: 4785: 4777: 4768: 4767: 4765: 4764: 4759: 4754: 4749: 4742: 4739: 4738: 4736: 4735: 4729: 4728:(1699–1793/94) 4723: 4717: 4710: 4708: 4704: 4703: 4701: 4700: 4694: 4688: 4685:Mar'i al-Karmi 4681: 4679: 4675: 4674: 4672: 4671: 4665: 4659: 4653: 4647: 4641: 4635: 4629: 4622: 4620: 4616: 4615: 4613: 4612: 4606: 4600: 4594: 4587: 4585: 4581: 4580: 4578: 4577: 4571: 4565: 4559: 4553: 4547: 4540: 4538: 4534: 4533: 4531: 4530: 4524: 4518: 4512: 4506: 4500: 4493: 4491: 4487: 4486: 4484: 4483: 4477: 4471: 4465: 4458: 4456: 4452: 4451: 4449: 4448: 4442: 4436: 4429: 4427: 4423: 4422: 4420: 4419: 4413: 4406: 4403: 4402: 4395: 4394: 4387: 4380: 4372: 4365: 4364: 4357: 4354:Islamic creeds 4350: 4343: 4336: 4329: 4322: 4315: 4308: 4301: 4300:(2002), 425–39 4294: 4287: 4280: 4273: 4266: 4259: 4252: 4245: 4238: 4233:Henri Laoust, 4231: 4225: 4218: 4211: 4204: 4203:, Karachi 2009 4196: 4189: 4182: 4175: 4169: 4162: 4155: 4148: 4141: 4134: 4126: 4124: 4121: 4119: 4118: 4115:Kitāb al-waraʿ 4111: 4104: 4097: 4090: 4085:Ibn Taymiyya, 4083: 4076: 4069: 4064:Ibn al-Jawzī, 4062: 4055: 4044: 4037: 4030: 4023:Kitāb al-ṣalāh 4019: 4012: 4005: 3998: 3991: 3983: 3981: 3978: 3976: 3973: 3970: 3969: 3950: 3927: 3912: 3894: 3891:. p. 107. 3879: 3844: 3829: 3814: 3798: 3789: 3772: 3756: 3743: 3726: 3704: 3697: 3679: 3647: 3634: 3617: 3604: 3598:Ibn al-Jawzī, 3588: 3568: 3562:Ibn al-Jawzī, 3555: 3549:Ibn al-Jawzī, 3542: 3524:Ibn al-Jawzī, 3517: 3504: 3484: 3472: 3459: 3446: 3430: 3413: 3400: 3387: 3374: 3357: 3344: 3331: 3324: 3302: 3292: 3274: 3215: 3152: 3125: 3098: 3092: 3067: 3058: 3037: 3016: 2995: 2983: 2970: 2959: 2943: 2937:978-0549816881 2936: 2916: 2895: 2873: 2853: 2841: 2824: 2798: 2788: 2779: 2757: 2748: 2739: 2730: 2721: 2709: 2699: 2681: 2674:Ibn al-Jawzi. 2666: 2648: 2611: 2591: 2573: 2560: 2548: 2535: 2532:. p. 192. 2515: 2495: 2479: 2470: 2457: 2443: 2433: 2415: 2349: 2284: 2262: 2220: 2208: 2196: 2166: 2165: 2163: 2160: 2157: 2156: 2130: 2129: 2127: 2124: 2122: 2121: 2119:Shafiʽi school 2116: 2111: 2106: 2101: 2096: 2094:Malik ibn Anas 2091: 2086: 2081: 2076: 2071: 2065: 2063: 2060: 2059: 2058: 2038: 2035: 2021:Ibn al-Mubarak 2009:Malik ibn Anas 1953: 1950: 1930:Malik ibn Anas 1869: 1866: 1841: 1838: 1837: 1836: 1829: 1823: 1817: 1811: 1805: 1799: 1793: 1787: 1781: 1775: 1769: 1763: 1757: 1751: 1733: 1732: 1683: 1681: 1674: 1668: 1665: 1627: 1624: 1622: 1619: 1591: 1588: 1573: 1567: 1546: 1543: 1523: 1520: 1474: 1471: 1425:miracle worker 1413:Sari al-Saqati 1378:as one of the 1343: 1340: 1306: 1303: 1239: 1234: 1224:Word of God" ( 1203: 1200: 1060: 1057: 1055: 1052: 1039: 1036: 1013: 1012: 1006: 997: 996: 993: 989: 988: 985: 981: 980: 978: 977: 974: 971: 968: 965: 962: 959: 956: 953: 950: 947: 944: 940: 937: 936: 933: 927: 924: 885: 884:His appearance 882: 857:Main article: 854: 851: 792: 789: 753: 750: 735: 734:His upbringing 732: 695:Rabi’ al-Awwal 690: 687: 685: 682: 612:hadith studies 601:traditionalist 593:Hanbali school 544: 543: 541: 540: 482:All Hanbalis. 476: 475: 474: 471: 470: 468: 467: 465: 464: 459: 454: 449: 444: 439: 433: 427: 426: 425: 422: 421: 417: 416: 413: 412: 403: 389: 388: 381:Abū ʿAbd Allāh 379: 365: 364: 355: 341: 340: 331: 317: 316: 308: 307: 305: 304: 299: 294: 289: 283: 281: 277: 276: 274: 273: 268: 261: 256: 251: 246: 241: 235: 233: 229: 228: 227:Hanbali school 225: 221: 220: 218: 217: 212: 207: 202: 196: 194: 190: 189: 184: 180: 179: 176:Hanbali school 169: 165: 164: 159: 155: 154: 151: 147: 146: 136: 132: 131: 129: 128: 125: 121: 119: 115: 114: 109: 105: 104: 101: 97: 93: 92: 82: 78: 74: 73: 69: 68: 62: 58: 57: 51: 50: 47: 42: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8467: 8456: 8453: 8451: 8448: 8446: 8443: 8441: 8438: 8436: 8433: 8431: 8428: 8426: 8423: 8421: 8418: 8416: 8413: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8403: 8401: 8398: 8396: 8393: 8391: 8388: 8386: 8383: 8381: 8378: 8377: 8375: 8361: 8357: 8339: 8336: 8334: 8331: 8329: 8326: 8324: 8321: 8319: 8316: 8313: 8309: 8308: 8305: 8295: 8292: 8290: 8287: 8285: 8282: 8280: 8277: 8275: 8272: 8270: 8267: 8266: 8264: 8262: 8261:Other beliefs 8258: 8252: 8249: 8245: 8242: 8240: 8236: 8235:Hilmi Tunahan 8233: 8231: 8227: 8224: 8223: 8222: 8219: 8218: 8216: 8214: 8210: 8202: 8198: 8196: 8193: 8191: 8188: 8186: 8185:Muhammad Asad 8183: 8181: 8178: 8177: 8176: 8173: 8172: 8170: 8168: 8164: 8156: 8152: 8148: 8145: 8144: 8143: 8140: 8136: 8132: 8129: 8128: 8127: 8124: 8120: 8116: 8112: 8109: 8108: 8107: 8104: 8100: 8096: 8095:Sabbatai Zevi 8093: 8092: 8091: 8088: 8085: 8081: 8078: 8076: 8073: 8071: 8068: 8067: 8066: 8063: 8062: 8060: 8058: 8054: 8051: 8049: 8041: 8029: 8026: 8024: 8021: 8020: 8019: 8016: 8012: 8009: 8007: 8004: 8003: 8002: 7999: 7997: 7994: 7992: 7989: 7988: 7986: 7984: 7980: 7971: 7970: 7968: 7963: 7962: 7960: 7953: 7952: 7950: 7947: 7945:Ali al-Aswarī 7944: 7943: 7941: 7938: 7931: 7930: 7928: 7927: 7925: 7920: 7919: 7918: 7915: 7909: 7906: 7903: 7902: 7901: 7898: 7895: 7894: 7892: 7891: 7889: 7886: 7881: 7877: 7871: 7867: 7863: 7860: 7857: 7853: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7840: 7837: 7835: 7831: 7827: 7824: 7823: 7821: 7819: 7815: 7812: 7809: 7802: 7798: 7786: 7783: 7782: 7780: 7778: 7775: 7773: 7770: 7767: 7762: 7761: 7760: 7757: 7752: 7751: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7740: 7737: 7736: 7735: 7732: 7727: 7726: 7724: 7719: 7718: 7717:Muʿāmmarīyya 7716: 7711: 7710: 7709: 7706: 7702: 7699: 7698: 7697: 7694: 7693: 7691: 7689: 7685: 7677: 7674: 7672: 7669: 7666: 7662: 7658: 7657: 7656: 7653: 7650: 7645: 7644: 7642: 7641: 7639: 7637: 7633: 7630: 7628: 7624: 7613: 7610: 7607: 7604: 7601: 7598: 7595: 7592: 7589: 7586: 7583: 7580: 7578: 7575: 7573: 7570: 7569: 7567: 7563: 7554: 7553: 7551: 7546: 7545: 7543: 7538: 7537: 7535: 7530: 7529: 7527: 7522: 7521: 7519: 7514: 7513: 7511: 7506: 7505: 7503: 7498: 7497: 7495: 7490: 7489: 7487: 7486: 7484: 7480: 7471: 7468: 7465: 7462: 7459: 7456: 7453: 7450: 7447: 7444: 7441: 7438: 7435: 7432: 7429: 7426: 7425: 7423: 7422: 7420: 7418: 7414: 7411: 7408: 7402: 7395: 7391: 7381: 7378: 7374: 7371: 7370: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7360: 7357: 7355: 7352: 7350: 7347: 7346: 7344: 7342: 7338: 7330: 7326: 7323: 7321: 7318: 7317: 7316: 7313: 7309: 7306: 7305: 7304: 7301: 7296: 7295: 7293: 7289: 7286: 7285: 7284: 7281: 7276: 7273: 7270: 7269: 7267: 7266: 7264: 7262: 7258: 7255: 7252: 7247: 7243: 7233: 7232:Waqifite Shia 7230: 7225: 7224: 7223: 7220: 7216: 7212: 7209: 7208: 7207: 7204: 7200: 7196: 7193: 7192: 7191: 7188: 7186: 7183: 7182: 7180: 7178: 7173: 7165: 7162: 7158: 7157:Ishaq al-Turk 7155: 7151: 7148: 7144: 7141: 7139: 7136: 7135: 7134: 7131: 7130: 7129: 7126: 7122: 7119: 7118: 7117: 7114: 7113: 7111: 7110: 7109: 7106: 7099: 7098: 7096: 7091: 7086: 7084: 7081: 7080: 7078: 7075: 7074: 7072: 7071: 7070: 7066: 7063: 7059: 7056: 7055: 7054: 7051: 7050: 7048: 7046: 7040: 7032: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7019: 7015: 7012: 7010: 7006: 7003: 7002: 7001: 6998: 6994: 6991: 6987: 6984: 6980: 6977: 6973: 6970: 6968: 6965: 6963: 6960: 6959: 6958: 6955: 6954: 6953: 6950: 6949: 6948: 6945: 6941: 6937: 6933: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6920: 6916: 6915:Hamdan Qarmat 6913: 6912: 6911: 6908: 6904: 6901: 6900: 6899: 6896: 6895: 6893: 6891: 6887: 6883: 6875: 6871: 6868: 6866: 6862: 6859: 6858: 6857: 6854: 6850: 6846: 6842: 6838: 6835: 6833: 6829: 6825: 6822: 6821: 6820: 6817: 6813: 6812:Safavid Islam 6809: 6805: 6801: 6797: 6796:Sheikh Haydar 6794: 6793: 6792: 6789: 6785: 6782: 6778: 6775: 6773: 6770: 6769: 6768: 6765: 6764: 6763: 6760: 6759: 6757: 6755: 6751: 6747: 6744: 6742: 6738: 6734: 6730: 6726: 6722: 6710: 6707: 6705: 6702: 6701: 6700: 6697: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6681: 6678: 6677: 6676: 6673: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6661: 6658: 6657: 6656: 6653: 6652: 6650: 6648: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6635: 6621: 6617: 6614: 6612: 6608: 6604: 6601: 6599: 6595: 6591: 6588: 6587: 6586: 6583: 6582: 6581: 6578: 6572: 6568: 6565: 6564: 6563: 6560: 6558: 6555: 6554: 6553: 6550: 6549: 6547: 6544: 6539: 6535: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6515: 6512: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6494: 6493: 6490: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6468: 6467: 6466: 6463: 6459: 6455: 6452: 6451: 6450: 6447: 6446: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6436: 6435: 6432: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6414: 6413: 6410: 6406: 6403: 6402: 6400: 6399: 6397: 6394: 6389: 6388:Ahl al-Hadith 6385: 6382: 6380: 6376: 6372: 6368: 6363: 6359: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6336: 6333: 6323: 6322: 6318: 6314: 6312: 6311: 6307: 6303: 6301: 6300: 6296: 6292: 6290: 6289: 6285: 6284: 6282: 6278: 6272: 6271: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6259: 6255: 6253: 6252: 6248: 6246: 6245: 6241: 6239: 6238: 6234: 6233: 6231: 6229: 6225: 6219: 6218: 6214: 6212: 6211: 6207: 6205: 6204: 6200: 6198: 6197: 6193: 6191: 6190: 6186: 6184: 6183: 6179: 6177: 6176: 6172: 6170: 6169: 6165: 6163: 6162: 6158: 6156: 6155: 6151: 6149: 6148: 6144: 6142: 6141: 6137: 6135: 6134: 6130: 6129: 6127: 6125: 6121: 6118: 6114: 6104: 6101: 6099: 6096: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6086: 6084: 6081: 6080: 6078: 6076: 6075:Zaydi Shi'ism 6072: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6056: 6053: 6051: 6048: 6044: 6041: 6040: 6039: 6036: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6011: 6010: 6008: 6006: 6002: 5994: 5991: 5990: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5954: 5951: 5949: 5946: 5944: 5941: 5939: 5936: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5924: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5906:Musa al-Kazim 5904: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5891:Ali al-Sajjad 5889: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5881:Hasan ibn Ali 5879: 5877: 5874: 5873: 5872: 5869: 5868: 5866: 5864: 5860: 5852:Post-Salafism 5851: 5850: 5849: 5846: 5842: 5839: 5838: 5837: 5834: 5830: 5827: 5826: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5813: 5810: 5809: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5791: 5788: 5787: 5786: 5783: 5779: 5776: 5775: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5732: 5729: 5728: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5716:Ibn Taymiyyah 5714: 5713: 5711: 5709: 5705: 5697:Mustadrakīyya 5696: 5693: 5690: 5687: 5686: 5684: 5683: 5681: 5679: 5675: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5655:Amr ibn Ubayd 5653: 5651: 5648: 5644: 5641: 5640: 5639: 5636: 5633: 5630: 5627: 5624: 5621: 5618: 5615: 5612: 5609: 5606: 5603: 5600: 5597: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5586: 5582: 5575: 5571: 5567: 5563: 5559: 5558: 5556: 5554: 5550: 5543: 5539: 5536: 5532: 5529: 5526: 5524: 5521: 5520: 5518: 5514: 5510: 5507: 5503: 5500: 5499: 5497: 5495: 5491: 5480: 5479: 5478: 5475: 5474: 5473: 5470: 5466: 5463: 5462: 5461: 5458: 5457: 5455: 5453: 5449: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5284: 5282: 5279: 5274: 5270: 5263: 5259: 5256: 5253: 5249: 5246: 5243: 5239: 5236: 5235: 5233: 5231: 5228: 5224: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5025: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5008: 5005: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4979: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4966: 4956: 4953: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4943: 4942: 4940: 4938: 4934: 4928: 4925: 4923: 4920: 4918: 4915: 4914: 4912: 4910: 4906: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4887: 4885: 4882: 4881: 4879: 4877: 4873: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4859: 4857: 4854: 4853: 4851: 4849: 4845: 4842: 4838: 4834: 4826: 4824: 4821: 4818: 4817: 4813: 4809: 4805: 4798: 4793: 4791: 4786: 4784: 4779: 4778: 4775: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4744: 4740: 4733: 4730: 4727: 4724: 4721: 4718: 4715: 4712: 4711: 4709: 4705: 4698: 4695: 4692: 4689: 4686: 4683: 4682: 4680: 4676: 4669: 4666: 4663: 4660: 4657: 4654: 4651: 4648: 4645: 4642: 4639: 4636: 4633: 4630: 4627: 4624: 4623: 4621: 4617: 4610: 4607: 4604: 4601: 4598: 4595: 4592: 4589: 4588: 4586: 4582: 4575: 4572: 4569: 4566: 4563: 4560: 4557: 4554: 4551: 4548: 4545: 4542: 4541: 4539: 4535: 4528: 4525: 4522: 4519: 4516: 4513: 4510: 4507: 4504: 4501: 4498: 4495: 4494: 4492: 4488: 4481: 4478: 4475: 4472: 4469: 4466: 4463: 4460: 4459: 4457: 4453: 4446: 4443: 4440: 4437: 4434: 4431: 4430: 4428: 4424: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4408: 4407: 4404: 4400: 4393: 4388: 4386: 4381: 4379: 4374: 4373: 4370: 4362: 4358: 4355: 4351: 4348: 4344: 4342:, Austin 1993 4341: 4337: 4334: 4330: 4328:, London 1964 4327: 4323: 4320: 4316: 4313: 4309: 4306: 4302: 4299: 4295: 4292: 4288: 4285: 4281: 4279:, Leiden 1997 4278: 4274: 4272:, Oxford 2006 4271: 4267: 4264: 4260: 4257: 4253: 4250: 4246: 4243: 4239: 4236: 4232: 4230: 4226: 4223: 4219: 4217:, London 2002 4216: 4212: 4209: 4205: 4202: 4197: 4194: 4190: 4188:, London 2007 4187: 4183: 4180: 4176: 4174: 4170: 4167: 4163: 4160: 4156: 4153: 4149: 4146: 4142: 4139: 4135: 4132: 4128: 4127: 4116: 4112: 4109: 4105: 4102: 4098: 4095: 4091: 4088: 4084: 4081: 4077: 4074: 4070: 4067: 4063: 4060: 4056: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4042: 4038: 4035: 4034:Kitāb al-zuhd 4031: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4017: 4013: 4010: 4006: 4003: 3999: 3996: 3992: 3990:, Beirut 2000 3989: 3985: 3984: 3957: 3953: 3951:9789791142199 3947: 3943: 3942: 3934: 3932: 3923: 3916: 3908: 3901: 3899: 3890: 3883: 3877: 3875: 3871: 3867: 3863: 3862:Gudrun Krämer 3857: 3853: 3852:Camilla Adang 3848: 3840: 3833: 3825: 3818: 3811: 3807: 3802: 3793: 3787:, I.111, etc. 3786: 3782: 3776: 3770: 3766: 3760: 3753: 3747: 3740: 3736: 3730: 3723: 3717: 3715: 3713: 3711: 3709: 3700: 3694: 3690: 3683: 3667: 3663: 3662: 3657: 3651: 3644: 3638: 3631: 3627: 3621: 3614: 3608: 3601: 3595: 3593: 3585: 3579: 3577: 3575: 3573: 3565: 3559: 3552: 3546: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3521: 3514: 3508: 3501: 3497: 3491: 3489: 3481: 3476: 3469: 3463: 3456: 3453:John Renard, 3450: 3443: 3437: 3435: 3427: 3423: 3417: 3410: 3404: 3397: 3391: 3384: 3378: 3371: 3367: 3361: 3354: 3348: 3341: 3335: 3327: 3325:977-6005-18-7 3321: 3317: 3313: 3306: 3299: 3295: 3293:9780190948955 3289: 3285: 3278: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3219: 3212: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3156: 3141: 3137: 3136: 3129: 3114: 3110: 3109: 3102: 3095: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3071: 3062: 3054: 3051:(in Arabic), 3050: 3044: 3042: 3033: 3030:(in Arabic), 3029: 3023: 3021: 3012: 3008: 3002: 3000: 2992: 2987: 2980: 2974: 2968: 2963: 2958: 2955: 2954: 2950: 2949: 2939: 2933: 2929: 2928: 2920: 2912: 2908: 2902: 2900: 2892: 2880: 2876: 2874:9780230106581 2870: 2866: 2865: 2857: 2850: 2845: 2838: 2834: 2828: 2813: 2812:IslamicFinder 2809: 2802: 2792: 2783: 2767: 2761: 2752: 2743: 2734: 2725: 2718: 2713: 2706: 2702: 2700:90-04-08114-3 2696: 2692: 2685: 2677: 2670: 2663:. p. 14. 2662: 2655: 2653: 2644: 2638: 2631: 2618: 2614: 2612:9789004161214 2608: 2604: 2603: 2595: 2588: 2582: 2580: 2578: 2570: 2564: 2555: 2553: 2545: 2539: 2531: 2528: 2525: 2519: 2510: 2508: 2506: 2504: 2502: 2500: 2492: 2488: 2483: 2474: 2467: 2461: 2452: 2450: 2448: 2440: 2436: 2430: 2426: 2419: 2412: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2356: 2354: 2346: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2291: 2289: 2279: 2277: 2275: 2273: 2271: 2269: 2267: 2259: 2253: 2251: 2249: 2247: 2245: 2243: 2241: 2239: 2237: 2235: 2233: 2231: 2229: 2227: 2225: 2215: 2213: 2203: 2201: 2184: 2180: 2174: 2172: 2167: 2153: 2145: 2141: 2135: 2131: 2120: 2117: 2115: 2112: 2110: 2107: 2105: 2102: 2100: 2097: 2095: 2092: 2090: 2087: 2085: 2082: 2080: 2077: 2075: 2072: 2070: 2067: 2066: 2056: 2052: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2040: 2034: 2032: 2031: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1993:Marfu' Hadith 1989: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1949: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1905: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1889: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1875: 1868:Jurisprudence 1865: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1835: 1834: 1830: 1827: 1824: 1821: 1818: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1808:Kitab Mansukh 1806: 1803: 1800: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1788: 1785: 1782: 1779: 1778:Kitab al-Iman 1776: 1773: 1772:Kitab al-Zuhd 1770: 1767: 1764: 1761: 1758: 1755: 1752: 1749: 1746: 1745: 1744: 1742: 1741: 1729: 1726: 1718: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1694: 1693: 1689: 1684:This section 1682: 1678: 1673: 1672: 1664: 1662: 1661:Kitāb al-Sa'a 1658: 1654: 1650: 1645: 1641: 1640:Ibn Taymiyyah 1637: 1633: 1618: 1616: 1615:jurisprudence 1612: 1608: 1604: 1597: 1587: 1585: 1581: 1580: 1572: 1566: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1542: 1540: 1535: 1534: 1529: 1522:Jurisprudence 1519: 1517: 1513: 1508: 1505: 1500: 1497:reports from 1496: 1495:Gibril Haddad 1493:Sufi scholar 1491: 1489: 1484: 1480: 1470: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1447: 1442: 1437: 1436:Eric Geoffrey 1432: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1409:Bishr al-Hafi 1406: 1402: 1398: 1392: 1390: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1339: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1328:Ibn Taymiyyah 1325: 1321: 1316: 1312: 1301: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1286: 1279: 1277: 1276: 1271: 1267: 1266:Fath al-Majid 1263: 1259: 1258: 1253: 1252: 1245: 1238: 1233: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1216: 1212: 1209: 1198: 1196: 1190: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1175: 1173: 1172: 1167: 1166: 1161: 1157: 1156: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1114: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1066: 1051: 1049: 1045: 1035: 1033: 1029: 1022: 1018: 1010: 1007: 1004: 998: 994: 990: 986: 982: 975: 972: 969: 966: 963: 960: 957: 954: 951: 948: 945: 942: 941: 938: 931: 923: 922: 917: 916: 914: 910: 906: 899: 898: 893: 891: 881: 879: 878:al-Mutawakkil 874: 870: 865: 860: 850: 848: 843: 841: 837: 833: 829: 825: 820: 818: 814: 810: 806: 797: 788: 786: 782: 781:jurisprudence 777: 773: 768: 763: 760: 749: 746: 742: 731: 728: 725:, located in 724: 719: 717: 713: 709: 705: 701: 696: 681: 679: 675: 671: 666: 664: 660: 659:prophetic way 656: 652: 648: 643: 640: 636: 632: 628: 624: 620: 615: 613: 609: 608: 602: 598: 594: 590: 586: 582: 578: 574: 569: 563: 554: 550: 539: 536: 533: 530: 527: 524: 521: 518: 515: 512: 509: 506: 503: 500: 497: 496:Ibn Khuzaymah 494: 491: 490:Ibn al Qayyim 488: 487:Ibn Taymiyyah 485: 481: 480: 472: 463: 460: 458: 455: 453: 450: 448: 445: 443: 440: 438: 435: 434: 432: 431: 423: 420:Muslim leader 418: 414: 404: 402: 399: 390: 380: 378: 375: 366: 356: 354: 351: 342: 332: 330: 327: 318: 315: 314: 309: 303: 300: 298: 295: 293: 290: 288: 285: 284: 282: 278: 272: 269: 267: 266: 262: 260: 257: 255: 252: 250: 247: 245: 242: 240: 239:Usul al-Sunna 237: 236: 234: 230: 226: 222: 216: 213: 211: 208: 206: 203: 201: 200:Jurisprudence 198: 197: 195: 191: 188: 185: 181: 177: 173: 170: 168:Jurisprudence 166: 163: 160: 156: 152: 148: 144: 140: 137: 133: 126: 123: 122: 120: 116: 113: 110: 106: 98: 94: 89: 85: 79: 75: 70: 66: 63: 59: 52: 45: 40: 37: 33: 19: 8360: 8244:Other orders 8149: / 8142:Nur movement 8113: / 8070:Mirza Ghulam 8001:Tolu-e-Islam 7870:Galibi Order 7868: / 7848:Balım Sultan 7843:Babai revolt 7834:Qalandariyya 7832: / 7734:Mufaḍḍaliyya 7643:Jawārībīyya 7596:Umar ibn Zar 7565:Other Murjīs 7294:Bayhasīyyah 7211:Nuqta-yi Ula 7027:Pir Sadardin 7020: / 6934: / 6930: / 6847: / 6839: / 6826: / 6806: / 6802: / 6798: / 6655:Zayd ibn Ali 6605: / 6592: / 6543:Ilm al-Kalam 6456: / 6449:Ahl-i Hadith 6416: 6317:Umm al-kitab 6315: 6304: 6293: 6286: 6268: 6263: 6256: 6249: 6242: 6235: 6215: 6208: 6203:Fihi Ma Fihi 6201: 6194: 6187: 6180: 6173: 6166: 6159: 6152: 6145: 6138: 6131: 5871:Twelve Imams 5790:Ahl-i Hadith 5721:Ibnul Qayyim 5601:(Nazzāmīyya) 5082:Ibn al-Jawzi 5022:Al-Taftazani 4997:Al-Baqillani 4638:Ibn Taymiyya 4556:Ibn al-Jawzi 4432: 4409:by century ( 4360: 4353: 4346: 4339: 4332: 4325: 4318: 4311: 4304: 4297: 4290: 4283: 4276: 4269: 4262: 4255: 4248: 4241: 4234: 4228: 4221: 4214: 4207: 4200: 4192: 4185: 4178: 4172: 4165: 4158: 4151: 4147:, Cairo 1947 4144: 4137: 4130: 4114: 4107: 4100: 4093: 4086: 4079: 4072: 4071:Ibn Kathīr, 4065: 4058: 4051: 4047: 4040: 4033: 4026: 4022: 4015: 4008: 4001: 3994: 3993:Al-Dhahabī, 3987: 3960:. Retrieved 3940: 3921: 3915: 3906: 3888: 3882: 3859: 3855: 3847: 3838: 3832: 3823: 3817: 3809: 3801: 3792: 3784: 3780: 3775: 3768: 3764: 3759: 3751: 3746: 3738: 3734: 3729: 3721: 3688: 3682: 3670:. Retrieved 3660: 3650: 3645:, II, p. 492 3642: 3641:Ibn Hanbal, 3637: 3629: 3625: 3624:Al-Dhahabī, 3620: 3615:, II, p. 492 3612: 3611:Imam Ahmad, 3607: 3599: 3583: 3563: 3558: 3550: 3545: 3537: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3520: 3512: 3507: 3499: 3495: 3479: 3475: 3467: 3462: 3454: 3449: 3441: 3425: 3421: 3416: 3408: 3403: 3395: 3390: 3382: 3377: 3369: 3365: 3364:Ibn Quduma, 3360: 3352: 3347: 3339: 3334: 3315: 3311: 3305: 3297: 3283: 3277: 3265:. Retrieved 3232: 3228: 3218: 3209: 3202:. Retrieved 3169: 3165: 3155: 3144:, retrieved 3134: 3128: 3117:, retrieved 3107: 3101: 3079: 3070: 3061: 3048: 3034:, p. 69 3027: 3011:the original 2990: 2986: 2978: 2973: 2966: 2962: 2956: 2953: 2952: 2948: 2947: 2926: 2919: 2911:the original 2890: 2883:. Retrieved 2863: 2856: 2844: 2827: 2815:. Retrieved 2811: 2801: 2791: 2782: 2770:. Retrieved 2760: 2751: 2742: 2733: 2724: 2716: 2712: 2704: 2690: 2684: 2675: 2669: 2660: 2628: 2621:. Retrieved 2601: 2594: 2586: 2568: 2563: 2543: 2538: 2530: 2527: 2518: 2490: 2489:, pp. 33-6; 2486: 2482: 2473: 2465: 2460: 2438: 2424: 2418: 2409: 2402:. Retrieved 2369: 2365: 2344: 2337:. Retrieved 2304: 2300: 2257: 2187:. Retrieved 2151: 2139: 2134: 2051:drama serial 2028: 2004: 1990: 1985: 1957: 1955: 1945: 1921: 1913: 1909: 1906: 1900: 1890: 1880: 1871: 1845: 1843: 1831: 1828:: "Exegesis" 1825: 1819: 1813: 1807: 1801: 1795: 1789: 1783: 1777: 1771: 1765: 1759: 1753: 1747: 1738: 1736: 1721: 1712: 1697:Please help 1685: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1634:school like 1629: 1610: 1606: 1599: 1583: 1577: 1575: 1570: 1548: 1531: 1525: 1509: 1503: 1492: 1483:Ibn al-Jawzi 1476: 1459:Ibn al-Jawzi 1444: 1433: 1421:Ibn al-Jawzi 1417:Maruf Karkhi 1393: 1388: 1376:Maruf Karkhi 1355: 1351: 1348:Maruf Karkhi 1345: 1335: 1331: 1323: 1314: 1310: 1308: 1305:Intercession 1297: 1293: 1289: 1283: 1281: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1255: 1249: 1247: 1236: 1229: 1225: 1205: 1192: 1178: 1176: 1169: 1163: 1153: 1149: 1141: 1137: 1129: 1121: 1117: 1115: 1110: 1099:omnipresence 1091:mutas̲h̲ābih 1090: 1086: 1068: 1041: 1024: 1020: 1016: 946:traditionist 920: 918: 902: 900: 896: 894: 887: 866: 862: 844: 824:Saudi Arabia 821: 816: 802: 764: 759:Ibn al-Jawzi 755: 737: 720: 692: 674:Ibn Taymiyya 667: 655:Ibn al-Jawzi 644: 616: 605: 585:traditionist 548: 547: 397: 373: 349: 325: 311: 302:traditionist 270: 263: 258: 253: 248: 243: 238: 158:Denomination 36: 8445:Sunni imams 8195:Rashid Rida 8043:Independent 8028:Edip Yüksel 7991:Ahle Qur'an 7942:Nazzāmīyya 7939:Ikhshīdiyya 7926:Huzaylīyya 7917:Bahshamiyya 7893:Mā’marīyya 7885:Rationalism 7830:Malamatiyya 7750:Mānsūrīyya 7696:Khaṭṭābiyya 7627:Mu'shabbiha 7587:Sābit Kutna 7520:Sawbānīyya 7504:Gassānīyya 7488:Gaylānīyya 7482:Other sects 7277:Sa'labīyyah 7274:Maymunīyyah 7251:Arbitration 7133:Khurramites 7097:Sam‘ānīyya 6870:Bābā Rexheb 6800:Shah Ismail 6620:Millî Görüş 6538:Ahl ar-Ra'y 6480:Al-Uthaymin 6401:Kullabiyya 6379:Sunni Islam 6280:Independent 6124:Sunni books 5948:Shaykh Tusi 5921:Ali al-Hadi 5911:Ali al-Rida 5848:Yasir Qadhi 5753:Al-Uthaymin 5743:Rashid Rida 5738:Al-Shawkani 5634:(Jāhizīyya) 5619:(Jubbāīyya) 5523:Jawālikīyya 5377:Ali al-Qari 5292:Al-Sarakhsi 5278:Al-Maturidi 5152:Al-Sha'rani 5132:Ibn Khaldun 5007:Al-Qushayri 4969:Theologians 4950:Metaphysics 4856:Eschatology 4823:Theologians 4722:(1703–1792) 4716:(1701–1774) 4699:(1623–1679) 4693:(1592–1641) 4687:(1580–1624) 4670:(1352-1430) 4664:(1335–1393) 4658:(1310–1362) 4652:(1292–1350) 4646:(1305–1343) 4640:(1263–1328) 4634:(1242-1326) 4628:(1206–1295) 4605:(1230–1284) 4599:(1194–1255) 4593:(1147–1223) 4591:Ibn Qudamah 4576:(1134–1207) 4570:(1146–1203) 4558:(1116–1201) 4552:(1078–1166) 4546:(1105–1165) 4529:(1040–1119) 4523:(1013–1119) 4517:(1006–1088) 4314:Leiden 1897 3986:Al-Ājurrī, 3962:17 December 3482:, I, p. 120 2493:, pp. 13-24 2069:Ibn 'Ulayya 2001:Al-Tabarani 1715:August 2021 1663:) instead. 1596:Ahl ar-Ra'y 1455:Ibn Qudamah 1320:Ibn Qudamah 1142:bi-lā kayfa 995:Sunni Islam 869:al-Mu'tasim 853:Inquisition 538:Amir Bahjat 484:Ibn Qudamah 313:Arabic name 172:Independent 8385:855 deaths 8380:780 births 8374:Categories 8239:Süleymancı 8147:Said Nursî 8106:Mahdavīyya 8057:Messianism 7961:Sumamīyya 7951:Hābītīyya 7839:Baba Ishak 7781:Saba'īyya 7768:Mukhāmmīsa 7759:Mughīrīyya 7746:Ghurābīyya 7708:Bāzīghiyya 7676:Bārāq Bābā 7655:Hulmānīyya 7552:Ziyādīyya 7544:Ubaydīyya 7536:Shamrīyya 7528:Sālehīyya 7512:Tūmanīyya 7496:Yūnusīyya 7457:Sauwāqīyya 7433:Hakāiqīyya 7417:Karrāmīyya 7407:Hanafiyyah 7261:Kharijites 7199:Nuktawiyya 7150:al-Muqanna 7128:Muḥammirah 7116:Abu Muslim 7112:Rezāmīyya 7087:Hārithīyya 7079:Janāhiyya 7069:Hashimiyya 7043:Kaysanites 6990:Badakhshan 6923:Qarmatians 6910:Batiniyyah 6890:Isma'ilism 6861:Demir Bābā 6856:Baktāshism 6849:Bektashism 6828:ibn Nusayr 6824:al-Khaṣībī 6808:Kul Nesîmî 6804:Pir Sultan 6709:Khalafiyya 6704:Dukayniyya 6638:Shia Islam 6580:Maturidism 6502:Madkhalism 6405:Ibn Kullab 6228:Shia books 5778:Madkhalism 5678:Najjārīyya 5568:al-Qībtī ( 5542:Karramiyya 5538:Ibn Karram 5494:Mu'jassimā 5382:Al-Maydani 5372:Ali Qushji 5297:Al-Bazdawi 5273:Maturidism 5258:Al-Shafi'i 5127:Al-Baydawi 5087:Qadi Ayyad 5062:Ibn Tumart 5017:Al-Ghazali 5002:Al-Juwayni 4992:Al-Bayhaqi 4983:al-Ash'ari 4955:Philosophy 4876:Philosophy 4656:Ibn Muflih 4626:Ibn Hamdan 4505:(990–1066) 4480:Ibn Battah 4445:Abu Dawood 3267:5 November 3204:5 November 2885:15 October 2772:15 January 2630:Salafiyya. 2623:5 November 2491:Tard̲j̲ama 2404:5 November 2339:5 November 2162:References 2138:Full name 2114:Al-Shafiʽi 2104:Abu Hanifa 1982:Abu Zur'ah 1934:Al-Shafi'i 1918:Al-Dhahabi 1893:Andalusian 1613:) ... of 1499:al-Dhahabi 1242:See also: 949:theologian 847:pilgrimage 813:Abu Hanifa 741:Ibn Kathir 704:Banu Dhuhl 663:al-Dhahabi 581:theologian 523:Ibn Muflih 477:Influenced 457:al-Shafi'i 369:Teknonymic 345:Patronymic 297:theologian 280:Occupation 249:al-Ashriba 215:asceticism 8167:Modernism 8099:Sabbatean 8087:Kabbalist 8065:Ahmadiyya 7996:Kala Kato 7969:Kā‘bīyya 7900:Bishriyya 7880:Muʿtazila 7808:al-Juhani 7801:Qadariyah 7671:Kalandars 7651:Hāshwīyya 7539:Abū Shamr 7472:Zarībīyya 7469:Wāhidīyya 7460:Sūramīyya 7454:Razīnīyya 7430:Dhīmmīyya 7399:Hasan ibn 7373:Wahbiyyah 7320:Abu Qurra 7246:Muhakkima 7190:Hurufiyya 7177:Mahdiists 7092:Riyāhīyya 7073:Hārbīyya 7014:Aga Khans 7009:Assassins 6972:Sulaymani 6936:ad-Darazi 6874:Hārābātīs 6791:Qizilbash 6784:Shaykhism 6660:Jarudiyya 6571:Al-Ahbash 6552:Ash'arism 6485:Al-Albani 6465:Wahhabism 6310:Ahmadiyya 6251:Al-Khisal 6161:Al-Irshad 6116:Key books 5763:Al-Albani 5731:Wahhabism 5585:Mu'tazila 5574:Qadariyah 5452:Mu'attila 5367:Ibn Kemal 5362:Khidr Bey 5242:Hanafiyah 5177:Al-Bahūtī 5172:Ibn Ashir 5137:Ibn Arafa 5032:Ibn Furak 5027:Al-Maziri 4978:Ash'arism 4945:Cosmology 4922:Cosmology 4917:Astronomy 4889:Education 4734:(d. 1831) 4707:12th/18th 4691:Al-Buhūtī 4678:11th/17th 4662:Ibn Rajab 4632:Al-Yunini 4611:(d. 1312) 4564:(d. 1202) 4511:(d. 1079) 4470:(867–941) 4291:Der Islam 4123:Secondary 3889:Al-Intiqa 3511:Hujwiri, 3466:Hujwiri, 3257:162455371 3194:162455371 2637:cite book 2605:. Brill. 2394:162455371 2329:162455371 2126:Footnotes 2025:Al-Suyuti 1997:Ibn Abbas 1958:al Hafidh 1938:Abu Yusuf 1754:as-Sunnah 1686:does not 1569:Misusing 1451:Qadiriyya 1372:Ibn Arabi 1342:Mysticism 1292:is? That 1230:in itself 1222:uncreated 1202:The Quran 1138:bilā kayf 1130:tas̲h̲bīh 873:al-Wathiq 817:al-Musnad 809:Abu Yusuf 776:concubine 689:His Birth 684:Biography 670:Wahhabism 631:Mu'tazili 627:al-Ma'mun 607:al-Musnad 562:romanized 517:Ibn Manda 511:Ibn Rajab 452:Abu Thawr 393:Toponymic 265:al-Musnad 124:Abd Allah 8440:Mujaddid 8435:Hanbalis 8284:Tawakkul 8251:Tawassul 8213:Taṣawwuf 8135:doctrine 7983:Quranism 7772:Namiriya 7401:Muḥāmmad 7394:Murji'ah 7108:Rawendis 7031:Satpanth 6952:Musta'li 6947:Fatimids 6845:Hurufism 6832:Alawites 6737:Sects in 6729:Mahdiist 6665:Batriyya 6611:Deobandi 6562:Shafi'is 6497:Jihadism 6444:Salafism 6412:Hanbalis 6393:Atharism 6306:Malfūzāt 6244:Al-Amali 5841:Hazimism 5553:Murji'ah 5477:Jahmīyya 5465:Mu'jbira 5057:Ibn Aqil 4619:8th/14th 4584:7th/13th 4537:6th/12th 4527:Ibn Aqil 4490:5th/11th 4482:(d. 997) 4476:(d. 970) 4464:(d. 923) 4455:4th/10th 4447:(d. 889) 4441:(d. 872) 4298:IJMES 34 4108:al-Sunna 3956:Archived 3672:13 April 3666:Archived 3658:(2009). 3428:, II.279 3261:Archived 3198:Archived 3140:archived 3113:archived 3078:(2009), 2879:Archived 2796:409-410. 2617:Archived 2398:Archived 2333:Archived 2189:21 March 2183:Archived 2084:Maturidi 2062:See also 2055:The Imam 2046:'s 2017 2044:Qatar TV 1895:scholar 1636:Ibn Aqil 1603:prophets 1601:between 1557:and the 1504:tabarruk 1479:blessing 1315:tawassul 1218:doctrine 1215:orthodox 1179:Al-Şūrah 1155:Qur'anic 1148:to deny 1134:theology 1111:muhkamat 1054:Theology 712:Khorasan 710:army in 678:Salafism 321:Personal 205:theology 118:Children 108:Religion 72:Personal 8425:Atharis 8333:Shafi'i 8323:Hanbali 8289:Tewafuq 8269:Sadaqah 8230:Barelvi 8221:Ṭarīqah 8075:Qadiani 8048:beliefs 7818:Alevism 7665:Dimashq 7451:Nūnīyya 7445:Maʿīyya 7405:ibn al- 7380:Azzabas 7341:Ibadism 7329:Nukkari 7283:Azariqa 7268:Ajardi 7215:Bábīyya 7121:Sunpadh 7053:Mukhtār 7018:Nizaris 6993:Alevism 6967:Dawoodi 6957:Tayyibi 6919:Sevener 6898:Fathite 6772:Akhbari 6767:Ja'fari 6754:Twelver 6733:Shi'ite 6670:Imamate 6647:Zaydism 6598:Barelvi 6585:Hanafis 6557:Malikis 6526:Maqrizi 6475:Ibn Baz 6434:Zahiris 6196:Masnavi 5748:Ibn Baz 5562:Dimashq 5262:Shafi‘i 5192:'Illish 4927:Physics 4909:Science 4757:Shafi'i 4426:3rd/9th 4284:Arabica 4263:Arabica 4138:Arabica 3980:Primary 3876:, 2006. 3249:3879671 3186:3879671 3146:13 July 3119:13 July 2487:Manāḳib 2386:3879671 2321:3879671 2089:Hanbali 2074:Ash'ari 2048:Ramadan 1986:hadith, 1881:Masa'il 1874:exegete 1740:Fihrist 1707:removed 1692:sources 1644:madhhab 1632:Hanbali 1571:ahadith 1551:ijtihad 1401:Hujwiri 1368:Hujwiri 1352:Tabaqat 1324:Wasiyya 1251:ijtihad 1211:thought 1160:fideist 911:and an 836:Shafi'i 745:dirhams 716:Baghdad 708:Abbasid 625:caliph 623:Abbasid 589:ascetic 573:scholar 564:: 337:أَحْمَد 287:Scholar 254:al-Zuhd 143:Abbasid 141:(early 84:Baghdad 8338:Zahiri 8328:Maliki 8318:Hanafi 8294:Thawab 8274:Sunnah 8199:Other 8155:Hizmet 8119:Zikris 8090:Dönmes 8080:Lahori 8046:Muslim 7866:Rifa`i 7806:Ma'bad 7688:Tajsīm 7636:Tamsīl 7363:Ifrani 7303:Najdat 7206:Shayki 7175:Other 7143:Mazyar 7022:Khojas 7000:Nizari 6979:Hafizi 6940:Druzes 6921: 6865:Alians 6819:Ghulat 6299:Alawis 5566:Nabati 5531:Abdals 5513:Juzjan 5252:Maliki 4937:Sufism 4861:Ethics 4848:Aqidah 4840:Fields 4819:Fields 4762:Zahiri 4752:Maliki 4747:Hanafi 3948: 3870:Leiden 3860:. Ed. 3810:Irshad 3695: 3322: 3290: 3255: 3247: 3192: 3184: 3090: 2934: 2871: 2835: 2817:14 May 2697: 2609: 2431: 2392: 2384: 2327: 2319: 2144:Arabic 2109:Hanafi 2099:Maliki 2079:Athari 2023:, and 1952:Hadith 1936:, and 1910:hadith 1846:hadith 1826:Tafsir 1621:Ethics 1579:rukhṣa 1555:muftis 1533:hadith 1516:Medina 1488:minbar 1473:Relics 1461:, and 1446:Tariqa 1360:hadith 1356:Musnad 1336:Mansak 1311:Mansak 1270:taqlid 1262:taqlid 1257:taqlid 1244:Taqlid 1237:Taqlid 1150:ta'wil 1122:taʾwīl 1118:taʿṭīl 1103:vision 1097:, and 1095:throne 1048:hadith 1003:shrine 1001:Major 943:Jurist 909:turban 840:Athari 834:, and 832:Maliki 805:Hanafi 770:Salih( 577:jurist 553:Arabic 292:jurist 210:hadith 187:Athari 150:Region 8279:Taqwa 7663:ī ad- 7661:Fāris 7315:Sufri 7138:Babak 6962:Alavi 6928:Hamza 6886:Imami 6777:Usuli 6750:Imami 6741:Islam 6725:Imami 6507:Sahwa 5570:Murjī 5564:ī an- 5515:ī al- 5506:Balkh 5230:Sunni 5227:Early 4899:Peace 4894:Logic 4866:Kalam 4827:Books 4361:IJMES 4305:IJMES 4193:IJMES 3626:Siyar 3314:[ 3253:S2CID 3245:JSTOR 3190:S2CID 3182:JSTOR 2719:p. 14 2390:S2CID 2382:JSTOR 2325:S2CID 2317:JSTOR 1858:Allah 1667:Works 1607:fatra 1584:fāsiq 1563:mufti 1559:ulema 1397:saint 1380:abdal 1364:abdal 1298:shirk 1294:fitna 1290:fitna 1285:fitna 1275:shirk 1208:Sunni 1195:Jahmi 1171:Mihna 1075:Quran 1065:Jahmi 1044:Quran 905:henna 859:Mihna 828:Qatar 700:Basra 651:saint 647:Sufis 639:Quran 619:Mihna 398:Nisba 374:Kunya 350:Nasab 333:Aḥmad 183:Creed 162:Sunni 127:Salih 112:Islam 61:Title 7045:Shia 5442:Rumi 4884:‘Aql 4333:JAOS 3964:2021 3946:ISBN 3864:and 3693:ISBN 3674:2022 3320:ISBN 3288:ISBN 3269:2021 3206:2021 3148:2020 3121:2020 3088:ISBN 2932:ISBN 2887:2020 2869:ISBN 2833:ISBN 2819:2024 2774:2024 2695:ISBN 2643:link 2625:2021 2607:ISBN 2429:ISBN 2406:2021 2341:2021 2191:2010 1972:and 1854:wali 1690:any 1688:cite 1638:and 1611:raʾy 1370:and 1187:Adam 1183:Kufr 1087:ḥaqq 1046:and 984:Born 913:izar 892:is: 826:and 785:Kufa 767:Arab 723:Merv 96:Died 88:Iraq 77:Born 44:Imam 8133:'s 7361:al- 7327:al- 6319:of 6308:of 6297:of 5876:Ali 5528:Rum 5517:Kūf 5504:al- 4229:EI2 4173:EI1 4166:BEO 3237:doi 3174:doi 2374:doi 2309:doi 1995:of 1916:". 1856:of 1701:by 1617:." 1514:in 1296:is 1071:God 1059:God 1030:in 772:lit 595:of 326:Ism 135:Era 8376:: 8237:– 8228:– 8153:– 8117:– 8097:– 7864:– 7850:– 7841:– 7828:– 7213:– 7197:– 7067:– 7029:– 7016:– 7007:– 6988:– 6938:– 6917:– 6872:– 6863:– 6843:– 6830:– 6810:– 6618:– 6609:– 6596:– 6569:– 5519:ī 4416:CE 4411:AH 4152:SI 3954:. 3930:^ 3897:^ 3872:: 3868:. 3854:, 3808:, 3707:^ 3591:^ 3571:^ 3487:^ 3433:^ 3296:. 3259:. 3251:. 3243:. 3233:34 3231:. 3227:. 3196:. 3188:. 3180:. 3170:34 3168:. 3164:. 3082:, 3040:^ 3019:^ 2998:^ 2898:^ 2889:. 2877:. 2810:. 2703:. 2651:^ 2639:}} 2635:{{ 2627:. 2615:. 2576:^ 2551:^ 2526:. 2498:^ 2446:^ 2437:. 2396:. 2388:. 2380:. 2370:34 2368:. 2364:. 2352:^ 2331:. 2323:. 2315:. 2305:34 2303:. 2299:. 2287:^ 2265:^ 2223:^ 2211:^ 2199:^ 2170:^ 2146:: 2019:, 2015:, 2011:, 1940:. 1932:, 1928:, 1743:: 1457:, 1415:, 1411:, 1407:, 1101:, 1034:. 915:". 787:. 718:. 680:. 587:, 583:, 579:, 575:, 559:, 555:: 8314:: 7887:) 7883:( 7858:) 7854:( 7810:) 7804:( 7667:ī 7409:) 7397:( 7253:) 7249:( 6545:) 6541:( 6395:) 6391:( 5592:) 5588:( 5576:) 5572:- 5544:) 5540:( 5280:) 5276:( 5264:) 5260:( 5254:) 5250:( 5244:) 5240:( 4985:) 4981:( 4796:e 4789:t 4782:v 4418:) 4391:e 4384:t 4377:v 3966:. 3701:. 3676:. 3328:. 3239:: 3176:: 2946:' 2940:. 2821:. 2776:. 2645:) 2376:: 2311:: 2193:. 2154:. 2142:( 2053:" 1728:) 1722:( 1717:) 1713:( 1709:. 1695:. 1659:( 1651:( 1605:( 1128:( 551:( 400:) 396:( 376:) 372:( 352:) 348:( 328:) 324:( 178:) 145:) 90:) 34:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index