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1065:, which ran in the elections but failed to win a single seat in Parliament, gaining less than 0.5% of the vote. Other groups joining the INC in this list included: Democratic Iraqi Grouping, Democratic Joint Action Front, First Democratic National Party, Independent List, Iraqi Constitutional Movement, Iraqi Constitutional Party, Tariq Abd al-Karim Al Shahd al-Budairi, and the Turkoman Decision Party. He was refused a seat in the cabinet. Dogged by allegations, still unproven, of corruption he retorted that he had never "participated in any scheme of intelligence against the United States."
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1171:. Chalabi died on 3 November 2015, four days after his 70th birthday, having apparently suffered a heart attack at his home in Kadhimiya, Baghdad. Iraqi Press speculated at the time of his death that it came about as a result of being poisoned due to his ongoing efforts to expose regime corruption. He died while serving as member of the Iraqi Parliament and chaired its Finance Committee. Ahmed Chalabi was laid to rest at the Kadhimiya Holy Shrine, a high honour bestowed by Iraq's influential Shia theocratic establishment.
1100:"—the removal of senior office holders judged to have been close supporters of the deposed Saddam Hussein. The role fell into disuse, but in early 2010 Chalabi was accused of reviving this dormant post to eliminate his political enemies, especially Sunnis. The banning of some 500 candidates prior to the general election of 7 March 2010 at the initiative of Chalabi and his Iraqi National Congress was reported to have badly damaged previously improving relations between the Shia and Sunni.
559:, issued a decree ordering all banks in the country to deposit 35% of their reserves with the Central Bank. Petra Bank was the only bank that was unable to meet this requirement. An investigation was launched which led to accusations of embezzlement and false accounting. The bank failed, causing a $ 350 million bail-out by the Central Bank. Chalabi fled the country, in the trunk of a Jordanian prince's car, before the authorities could react. Chalabi was convicted and sentenced
838:
the time. The U.S. aimed to prevent the conflict from spreading beyond Iraq's borders, so it was seen as beneficial that the
Iranians were aware that U.S. troops had no intention of entering Iran. When questioned later about his dealings with the Iranian government during that period, Chalabi provided an ambiguous response: "I did not pass any information to Iran that compromised any national security information of the United States."
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Iraq" by
American supporters, he was initially a CIA-backed operative, who later fell out of favor, with US Special Forces raiding his private residence in Baghdad only one year after the invasion of Iraq. He later came under investigation by several U.S. government agencies after switching his allegiances to become an instrument of pro-Iranian influence in Iraqi politics.
648:
the same time, the Jordan's
Central Bank Governor, Mohammed Said Nabulsi, had referred to Chalabi as "one of the most notorious crooks in the history of the Middle East". Chalabi headed the executive council of the INC, an umbrella Iraqi opposition group created in 1992 for the purpose of fomenting the overthrow of
589:
Living abroad by 1992 in London, and unable to return home for fear of his life, he set up the Iraqi
National Congress (INC) with an agenda of regime change for his homeland. The organization was open to all ethnic and religious groups of Iraq, including Arabs, Kurds, Turkmen, Sunni and Shia Muslims.
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to head the Iraqi services committee, a consortium of eight service ministries and two
Baghdad municipal posts tasked with the "surge" plan's next phase, restoring electricity, health, education and local security services to Baghdad neighborhoods. "The key is going to be getting the concerned local
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During the initial ten days of the U.S. invasion of Iraq, American intelligence discovered signs that Ahmed
Chalabi was communicating with the Iranians and sharing details about US troop movements with their government. While this act of betrayal angered the Americans, it was largely downplayed at
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97 million to support Iraqi opposition groups. Chalabi and the INC were widely reported to be active CIA assets in the pre-2003 period, with one report in the
British Guardian newspaper estimating that CIA operatives had funnelled an estimated $ 100m to the INC, which had helped to finance the epic
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stated that following his escape from Jordan as a wanted fugitive, Chalabi established the Iraqi
National Congress by sending out "scores of all-expenses-paid invitations to Iraqi exiles to a conference in Vienna a month later. The conference created INC - and made Mr Chalabi its president". Around
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to fund an expedition into northern Iraq to use subterfuge to start an insurgency. Chalabi was convinced that the Iraqi military would rise up to overthrow the dictator. The commanders to whom he had spoken, were the same who openly supported Saddam and crushed his opponents in the
Kurdish and Shia
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in April–May 2005 and
December 2005 – January 2006 and Deputy Prime Minister from May 2005 to May 2006. Chalabi failed to win a seat in parliament in the December 2005 elections, and when the new Iraqi cabinet was announced in May 2006, he was not given a post. Once dubbed the "George Washington of
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indicated that Chalabi would likely not be welcome in a future Iraqi government. Up until this time, Chalabi had been mentioned formally several times in connection with possible future leadership positions. Chalabi contended that documents in his possession detailed the misconduct, but he did not
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starting on 26 February 1998. After the war, given the lack of discovery of WMDs, most of the WMD claims of the INC were shown to have been either misleading, exaggerated, or completely made up while INC information about the whereabouts of Saddam Hussein's loyalists and Chalabi's personal enemies
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Additionally, Chalabi and other members of the INC were investigated for fraud involving the exchange of Iraqi currency, grand theft of both national and private assets, and many other criminal charges in Iraq. On 19 May 2004 the U.S. government discontinued their regular payments to Chalabi for
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that "Curveball" was fabricating claims. Since then, the CIA has admitted that the defector made up the story, and Powell said in 2011 the information should not have been used in his presentation. A later congressionally appointed investigation (Robb-Silberman) concluded that Curveball had no
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As Chalabi's position of trust with the Pentagon crumbled, he found a new political position as a champion of Iraq's Shia (Chalabi himself was Shia). Beginning 25 January 2004, Chalabi and his close associates promoted the claim that leaders around the world were illegally profiting from the
902:), only 0.2 percent of respondents said he was the most trustworthy leader in Iraq (see survey link below, question #13). A secret document written in 2002 by the British Overseas and Defence Secretariat reportedly described Chalabi as "a convicted fraudster popular on
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in May 2005. On protesting IMF austerity measures, Al-Uloum was instructed to extend his vacation by a month in December 2005 by Prime Minister Ibrahim al-Jaafari, and Chalabi was reappointed as acting oil minister. Al-Uloum returned to the post in January 2006.
845:, Chalabi entered with allied troops the southern town of Shatrah. 300 US-trained FIF (Freedom for Iraq Fighters) expected opposition, but none emerged. Thousands of Iraqis cheered the troops. Chalabi returned under their aegis and was given a position on the
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Chalabi, in part to ease the relations between Jordan and the new Iraqi government of which Chalabi was a member. According to one report, Chalabi proposed a $ 32 million compensation fund for depositors affected by Petra Bank's failure. The website for
950:, Chalabi's long-term director of intelligence, who controlled the vast network of agents bankrolled by U.S. funding. The U.S. announced that they had stopped funding the INC, having previously paid the organization $ 330,000 per month.
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revolts. The insurgency failed, lacking the promised ground troops, and 100 insurgents were killed by the military. The command structure of INC fell apart with factional infighting. Chalabi was banned from those frequent visits to
980:), while they both were out of the country. Chalabi returned to Iraq on 10 August planning to make himself available to Iraqi government officials, but he was never arrested. Charges were later dropped against Chalabi, with Judge
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672:. In 2001 it was revealed that INC was accused of false accounting and irregularities. During the period from March 2000 to September 2003, the U.S. State Department paid nearly $ 33 million to the INC, according to a
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information he provided. Iraqi police, supported by U.S. soldiers, raided his offices and residence on 20 May, taking documents and computers, presumably to be used as evidence. A major target of the raid was
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The period leading up to Chalabi's death was marked by regular pronouncements released by Chalabi in various formats in which he would expose alleged corruption of highest officials in the Paul Bremer-led
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was largely skeptical of Chalabi and the INC, but information allegedly from his group (most famously from a defector codenamed "Curveball") made its way into intelligence dossiers used by President
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In August 2003, Chalabi was the only candidate whose unfavorable ratings exceeded his favorable ones with Iraqis in a State Department poll. In a survey of nearly 3,000 Iraqis in February 2004 (by
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in northern Iraq in the early mid-1990s. When that effort was crushed and hundreds of his supporters were killed, Chalabi fled the country. Chalabi lobbied in Washington for the passage of the
1441:
1142:, secretary general of Wefaq and a former member of Parliament in Bahrain. Fairooz said, "Mr Chalabi has helped us with contacts in Washington like other people have done and we thank them."
388:, about the impact that their faulty intelligence had on American policy. These factors led to a falling-out between him and the U.S. government. Furthermore, Chalabi was found guilty in the
919:
We are heroes in error. As far as we're concerned, we've been entirely successful. That tyrant Saddam is gone and the Americans are in Baghdad. What was said before is not important. The
757:, being paid over $ 300,000 a month by the US government, with the direct support of Vice President Dick Cheney, Deputy Defence Secretary Paul Wolfowitz, Richard Perle and Douglas Feith.
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Chalabi was a bold and shrewd investor, amassing a fortune of $ 100 million . During his life he was accused of corruption many times. In 1977, he founded the
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He regained enough credibility to be made deputy prime minister on 28 April 2005. At the same time he was made acting oil minister, before the appointment of
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His family retired from public life to a farmhouse near Baghdad when the military seized power. Chalabi left Iraq with his family in 1958, following the
853:. He served as president of the council in September 2003. He denounced a plan to let the UN choose an interim government for Iraq. "We are grateful to
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provide any documents or other evidence. The U.S. sharply criticized Chalabi's Oil for Food investigation as undermining the credibility of its own.
1089:. Chalabi "is an important part of the process," said Col. Steven Boylan, Petraeus' spokesman. "He has a lot of energy." In April 2008, journalist
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wrote about Chalabi, "Arguably, he has, more than anyone in the country, evolved a detailed sense of what ails Baghdadis and how to fix things."
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is organised, with one command, united and well run, and we are so fragmented. We have no discipline, no command structure, no effective plans.
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contains a press release stating that Chalabi would refuse the pardon. Although Chalabi always maintained the case was a plot to frame him by
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652:. The INC received major funding and assistance from the United States. Chalabi was involved in organizing a resistance movement among
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703:(2003), Chalabi enjoyed close political and business relationships with some members of the U.S. government, including some prominent
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In exile, following the Ba'ath party takeover, his family acted as the Iraqi Shia clergy's bankers. In the mid-1960s, he studied with
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to 22 years in prison. Chalabi maintained that his prosecution was a politically motivated effort to discredit him sponsored by
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in April, including the fact that one of the United States' most valuable sources of Iranian intelligence was a broken Iranian
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2114:"The Deal on Iraq: Secret Arsenal: Hunt for the Germs of War – A special report.; Iraq's Deadliest Arms: Puzzles Breed Fears"
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1993:
1442:"Ahmed Chalabi: Politician who furnished Bush and Blair with the false information that led to the allied invasion of Iraq"
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in 1945. His family, who dated back 300 years to the Sultanate, ran Iraq's oldest commercial bank under the British-backed
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In January 2012, a French intelligence official stated that he believed Chalabi to be "acting on behalf of Iran". In 2008,
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was issued for Chalabi on 8 August 2004, while at the same time a warrant was issued on murder charges against his nephew
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reported Western intelligence officials expressing concern that Chalabi was working with the leading opposition group in
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citizens—and all the citizens—feeling that this government is reconnected with them.... agrees with that," said Gen.
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753:. Chalabi was flown back to Iraq after the invasion with a force of 700 US-trained militia and was, according to the
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Prior to the December 2005 elections, the Iraqi National Congress had left the United Iraqi Alliance and formed the
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In November 2005, Chalabi traveled to the U.S. and met with top U.S. government officials, including Vice President
999:, where a few days earlier a cease-fire had taken effect, ending three weeks of confrontations between followers of
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1130:. A French intelligence official said, "When we hear that some members of the opposition are in touch with
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used by their spy services. Chalabi allegedly learned of the code through a drunk American involved in the
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2010:"Iraqi minister: Chalabi will be arrested: One-time U.S. confidant to face bank fraud charges in Jordan."
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Our national and political arena has lost a prominent figure who dedicated his life to serve the country
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The Man Who Pushed America to War: The Extraordinary Life, Adventures, and Obessions of Ahmad Chalabi
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2009:
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1050:. After the election, Chalabi claimed that he had the support of the majority of elected members of
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relation whatsoever to the INC, and that press reports linking Curveball to the INC were erroneous.
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To this day, I think Chalabi worked both sides of the street. I think he was working with Iranians.
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380:. Most, if not all, of this information has turned out to be false and Chalabi has been called a
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During an interview in 2014, he was shown to be frail and depressed about his country's future:
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or with shady figures like the Iraqi Ahmed Chalabi, of whom we think he is acting on behalf of
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Squandered Victory: The American Occupation and the Bungled Effort to Bring Democracy to Iraq
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on the Theory of Knots. after which he took a position in the mathematics department at the
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991:, a town south of Baghdad. Chalabi reported he was returning from a meeting with Ayatollah
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577:. It was widely reported that Chalabi escaped Jordan locked in the trunk of a car owned by
493:
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361:
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1994:"State Department: Issues Affecting Funding of Iraqi National Congress Support Foundation"
1969:
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8:
3179:
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2814:
2538:
1301:"THE STRUGGLE FOR IRAQ: RANSACKING; IRAQIS AND G.I.'S RAID THE OFFICES OF AN EX-FAVORITE"
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1138:, then this worries us". The connection between Chalabi and Al Wefaq was acknowledged by
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and staked claim to be the first democratically elected Prime Minister of Iraq; however,
1027:
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On 1 September 2004, Chalabi told reporters of an assassination attempt made on him near
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384:. Along with this, Chalabi also subsequently boasted, in an interview with the British
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1901:. INC Press Statement. Undated. Page dated 5 January 2005 archived at Wayback Machine
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822:. Chalabi received advice on media and television presentation techniques from the
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477:
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2184:"THE STRUGGLE FOR IRAQ: THE EXILE; A Seat of Honor Lost to Open Political Warfare"
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2922:
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2283:" The Reach of War: The Offense; Chalabi Reportedly Told Iran That U.S. Had Code"
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819:
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524:
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245:
2644:"Is Chalabi poisoned by continuing his threats to expose the corruption files ~"
640:, "Chalabi insisted on a public apology, which the Jordanians refused to give."
360:, the Iraqi National Congress (INC), with the assistance of lobbying powerhouse
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1263:, "Are Foreign Rebel Leaders Duping The American Right, Again?", 11 August 2003
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with Crown Prince Hassan, the King's brother. In May 1989, the Governor of the
508:. He published three mathematics papers between 1973 and 1980, in the field of
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88:
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report released in 2004, some of which was used to purchase office artefacts.
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1026:. At this time Chalabi also traveled to Iran to meet with Iranian president
602:. Nonetheless, Chalabi was doggedly determined: in 1998 Congress passed the
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Already a fluent English speaker, he turned his attention to Washington DC.
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1724:
1607:"The unexpected end of the man who helped deceive America into war in Iraq"
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858:
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732:
708:
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474:
443:
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100:
1361:"Ahmad Chalabi, Iraqi Politician Who Pushed for U.S. Invasion, Dies at 71"
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operation. Chalabi denied all of the charges, which nothing ever came of.
3245:
3169:
3040:
3015:
2739:
2365:"Iraqi oil minister Al Uloum back at work after quitting – Khaleej Times"
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presentation trying to garner support for the war, despite warnings from
689:
489:
432:
209:
182:
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776:, fed officials hundreds of pages of bogus "firsthand" descriptions of
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727:. He also enjoyed considerable support among politicians and political
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290:
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In June 2004, it was reported that Chalabi gave U.S. state secrets to
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in May 2005 that the Jordanian government was considering whether to
528:
424:
261:
241:
1477:"Chalabi stands by faulty intelligence that toppled Saddam's regime"
606:
passing into American law the objective of "regime change" in Iraq.
2581:
1908:
1875:"Response to press reports about the resolution of Petra bank case"
1080:, Canada. In October 2007, Chalabi was appointed by Prime Minister
988:
887:
700:
610:
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and member of the Iraqi parliament, became head of the senate when
2618:"Ahmed Chalabi, Iraqi politician who championed US invasion, dies"
1970:"James Moore: How Chalabi and the White House held the front page"
1913:
1911:
1541:
1123:
1077:
891:
823:
623:
420:
2562:"In Bahrain, Worries Grow of Violent Shiite-Sunni Confrontation"
2335:"Chalabi Named Iraqi Deputy Prime Minister, Acting Oil Minister"
2056:
Pilkington, Ed; Pidd, Helen; Chulov, Martin (16 February 2011).
1503:"In Bahrain, Worries Grow of Violent Shiite-Sunni Confrontation"
345:) and a Deputy Prime Minister of Iraq under Ibrahim al-Jaafari.
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2700:
1704:
Privacy on the Line: The Politics of Wiretapping and Encryption
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614:
548:
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393:
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science alumni
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In 1995 after preparation and lobbying he persuaded President
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later emerged as the consensus candidate for prime minister.
996:
899:
711:. Chalabi was said to have had political contacts within the
2670:"Ahmed Chalabi, Iraqi Politician and Former U.S. Ally, Dies"
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2453:
2132:"Iraq: Reduced To A State Of Nature In The Name Of Progress"
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also stated that he believed Chalabi was an Iranian agent.
364:, provided a major portion of the information on which the
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In response to the WMD controversy, Chalabi told London's
453:, and spent most of his life in the United States and the
40:
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2012:
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1475:
Fairweather, Jack; La Guardia, Anton (19 February 2004).
895:
875:
761:
2058:"Colin Powell demands answers over Curveball's WMD lies"
937:. These charges were around the same time that UN envoy
322:; 30 October 1945 – 3 November 2015) was an
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2026:"Special Guests of Mrs. Bush at the State of the Union"
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The INC often worked with the media, most notably with
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raised questions about the accounting practices of the
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527:, Mariam, Hashem and Hadi. Whilst still at Beirut the
2535:"الشيخ د. همام حمودي يشارك في مجلس فاتحة أحمد الجلبي"
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In 1971, Chalabi married Leila Osseiran, daughter of
401:
Office for Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance
2433:"Early Backer of War, Finally Within Grasp of Power"
2055:
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1468:
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After the invasion Chalabi was placed in charge of "
1576:"Veteran Iraqi politician Ahmed Chalabi dies at 71"
1574:Al Jazeera English and agencies (3 November 2015).
1429:
2777:
2202:
861:to run their affairs," he was quoted as saying in
814:were accurate. Another of Chalabi's advocates was
1569:
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1565:
1465:
1274:"The Iraqi Exile Who Helped Push the U.S. to War"
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2668:Matt Bradley; Margaret Coker (3 November 2015).
2232:"Ministers were told premier was seen as stooge"
2084:"Intelligence Analysts Whiffed on a 'Curveball'"
1895:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1639:"Ahmed Chalabi death highlights Iraq war legacy"
841:In April as U.S. forces took control during the
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2467:
2465:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2158:Fiasco: The American Military Adventure in Iraq
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465:in Sussex, England before leaving for America.
2209:. New York: Times Books, Henry Holt & Co.
1877:. Archived from the original on 5 January 2007
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745:in Iraq. He was a special guest of First Lady
368:based its condemnation of the Iraqi President
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2122:. 26 February 1998. Accessed 20 January 2008.
1601:
1599:
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1595:
1593:
1335:"Iraq's Chalabi Loses Post Over Ties to Iran"
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772:to justify an invasion of Iraq. "Curveball",
174:1 September 2003 – 30 September 2003
28:
2488:. 28 October 2007. Accessed 20 January 2008.
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2015:. 22 January 2005. Accessed 20 January 2008.
1789:
1787:
1785:
1752:. 3 November 2006. Accessed 20 January 2008.
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1299:Filkins, Dexter; Fisher, Ian (21 May 2004).
1188:"Ahmed Chalabi and the "liberation" of Iraq"
857:for liberating Iraq, but it is time for the
431:. His father, Abdel Hadi Chalabi, a wealthy
2247:
2245:
1793:
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2145:. December 2006. Accessed 20 January 2008.
2082:Miller, Greg; Drogin, Bob (1 April 2005).
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419:family, one of the wealthy power elite of
162:President of the Governing Council of Iraq
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2420:Iraq's Shiite ticket picks prime minister
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741:, who held him up as a notable force for
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2291:. 2 June 2004. Accessed 20 January 2008.
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326:dissident politician and founder of the
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2000:. April 2004. Accessed 20 January 2008.
1998:United States General Accounting Office
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1536:. Season 26. Episode 6. 25 March 2008.
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1042:, headed by Chalabi, was a part of the
120:16 April 2005 – 1 January 2006
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2161:. Penguin Books Limited. p. 123.
1996:. Report to Congressional Requesters.
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1388:
374:reports of weapons of mass destruction
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2251:
2229:
2154:
2044:
1967:
1846:
1794:Scott-Joynt, Jeremy (17 April 2003).
1453:from the original on 20 November 2015
1439:Salaheddin, Sinan (3 November 2015).
600:CIA headquarters at Langley, Virginia
482:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
296:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
2272:
2254:"Analysis: Rise and fall of Chalabi"
2230:Smith, Michael (24 September 2004).
2112:William J. Broad and Judith Miller.
1636:
1501:Mekhennet, Souad (25 January 2012).
1358:
1003:and the U.S. military, at the time.
713:Project for the New American Century
468:
3355:Iraqi National Congress politicians
2560:Souad Mekhennet (25 January 2012).
2395:"Chalabi US trip stirs controversy"
1849:"Jordan considers clearing Chalabi"
1702:Whitfield Diffie and Susan Landau,
1167:and in the Iraqi Government led by
1034:Political activity in Iraq, 2005–15
778:mobile biological weapons factories
731:in the United States, most notably
679:
670:1996 coup attempt by Kurdish forces
626:, the issue was revisited when the
415:Chalabi was the son of a prominent
319:
29:
13:
3390:People educated at Seaford College
2976:
2843:
1113:, Statement on 3 November 2015
928:Falling out with the U.S., 2004–05
719:, a student of nuclear strategist
584:
538:
535:and found work as an interpreter.
531:broke out in 1975, so he moved to
348:He was interim Minister of Oil in
14:
3411:
2690:
2592:"Chalabi's Final Victory in Iraq"
1744:"Where Plan A left Ahmad Chalabi"
1235:"Chalabi Named Iraq Oil Minister"
1128:Al Wefaq National Islamic Society
995:(whose trust Chalabi enjoyed) in
787:later used this information in a
66:1 May 2005 – 20 May 2006
3290:
3284:
3218:
3127:
3121:
3055:
3049:
2498:Perseverance Pays Off in Baghdad
2473:"Chalabi back in action in Iraq"
2281:James Risen and David Johnston.
1944:"Commentary: Chalabi's betrayal"
1359:Chan, Sewell (3 November 2015).
1333:Isikoff, Michael (14 May 2008).
1022:, and National Security Advisor
2636:
2610:
2553:
2513:
2491:
2424:
2413:
2387:
2357:
2327:
2223:
2194:
2175:
2155:Ricks, Thomas E. (3 May 2007).
2148:
2125:
2106:
2018:
2003:
1987:
1961:
1936:
1867:
1840:
1814:
1709:
1696:
1520:
1165:Provisional Coalition Authority
851:Coalition Provisional Authority
751:2004 State of the Union Address
3340:Deputy prime ministers of Iraq
1796:"Chalabi's chequered finances"
1768:. Nation Books. pp. 52–.
1762:Aram Roston (1 January 2009).
1352:
1326:
1292:
1266:
1252:
1227:
1214:
1194:
1180:
968:An arrest warrant for alleged
847:Iraq interim governing council
16:Prime minister of Iraq in 2003
1:
2431:Arango, Tim (19 March 2010).
2182:Sanger, David (21 May 2004).
1822:"Bush's Big Blunder: Chalabi"
1729:Mathematics Genealogy Project
1637:Muir, Jim (3 November 2015).
1174:
872:Oxford Research International
826:scriptwriter and commentator
816:American Enterprise Institute
506:American University of Beirut
410:
55:Deputy Prime Minister of Iraq
3400:University of Chicago alumni
3385:People convicted in absentia
2252:Hardy, Roger (21 May 2004).
1968:Moore, James (29 May 2004).
692:and US Secretary of Defense
660:(passed October 1998). This
7:
2537:(in Arabic). Archived from
1905:. Accessed 20 January 2008.
1063:National Congress Coalition
923:is looking for a scapegoat.
774:Rafid Ahmed Alwan al-Janabi
768:and British Prime Minister
688:Chalabi in discussion with
10:
3416:
2200:
1847:Leyne, Jon (16 May 2005).
1706:, MIT Press, 1998, p. 108.
1068:Chalabi attended the 2006
976:(at the time, head of the
523:. They had four children,
3303:
3282:
3241:
3231:
3216:
3150:
3140:
3119:
3078:
3068:
3047:
3001:
2991:
2974:
2868:
2858:
2841:
2800:
2790:
2736:
2729:Governing Council of Iraq
2721:
2713:
2708:
2459:The Daily Telegraph, p.33
2371:. Reuters. Archived from
1220:Sometimes transcribed as
1048:2005 legislative election
984:citing lack of evidence.
674:General Accounting Office
484:from which he received a
336:Governing Council of Iraq
305:
289:
281:
271:
251:
224:
219:
215:
203:
188:
178:
167:
160:
148:
136:
124:
113:
106:
94:
82:
70:
59:
54:
50:
38:
23:
2309:"Profile: Ahmed Chalabi"
1678:"Profile: Ahmed Chalabi"
1157:
496:in mathematics from the
378:alleged ties to al-Qaeda
330:(INC) who served as the
312:Ahmed Abdel Hadi Chalabi
229:Ahmed Abdel Hadi Chalabi
3142:Iraqi Governing Council
2779:Prime ministers of Iraq
2674:The Wall Street Journal
2507:The Wall Street Journal
2478:29 October 2007 at the
2201:Diamond, Larry (2005).
2137:12 October 2007 at the
1202:"When the Firing Stops"
1040:Iraqi National Congress
632:Iraqi National Congress
579:Prince Hassan of Jordan
500:under the direction of
492:. In 1969, he earned a
366:Office of Special Plans
328:Iraqi National Congress
276:Iraqi National Congress
2981:
2848:
2624:. BBC. 3 November 2015
2401:. BBC. 9 November 2005
2143:Irish Political Review
1528:"Bush's War: Part Two"
1155:
1107:
978:Iraqi Special Tribunal
925:
696:
553:Central Bank of Jordan
356:In the lead-up to the
343:Prime Minister of Iraq
320:أحمد عبد الهادي الجلبي
155:Hussain al-Shahristani
3395:People from Kadhimiya
3375:Oil ministers of Iraq
2980:
2847:
1684:. BBC. 3 October 2002
1447:www.independent.co.uk
1147:
1103:
1070:Bilderberg Conference
1052:United Iraqi Alliance
1044:United Iraqi Alliance
1018:, Secretary of State
1008:Ibrahim Bahr al-Uloum
917:
843:2003 Invasion of Iraq
780:on wheels and rails.
687:
628:U.S. State Department
557:Mohammed Said Nabulsi
498:University of Chicago
457:. He was educated at
362:BKSH & Associates
358:2003 invasion of Iraq
300:University of Chicago
3365:Iraqi mathematicians
3345:Iraqi businesspeople
2485:McClatchy Newspapers
2315:. BBC. 28 April 2005
1923:The Washington Times
1919:"Chalabi's betrayal"
1715:Dissertation title:
1578:. Al Jazeera English
1118:On 26 January 2012,
1111:Sheikh Humam Hamoudi
935:Oil for Food program
715:, most notably with
645:Arnaud de Borchgrave
643:Conservative pundit
634:(INC). According to
440:Abdullah I of Jordan
2938:Muzahim al-Pachachi
2541:on 17 November 2015
2339:newstandardnews.net
2236:The Daily Telegraph
1481:www.telegraph.co.uk
1072:meeting outside of
1028:Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
921:Bush administration
912:The Daily Telegraph
874:, sponsored by the
818:'s Iraq specialist
793:German intelligence
738:The Washington Post
658:Iraq Liberation Act
609:It was reported by
604:Iraq Liberation Act
486:Bachelor of Science
198:(as prime minister)
3360:Iraqi Shia Muslims
2982:
2849:
2717:Ibrahim al-Jaafari
2709:Political offices
2567:The New York Times
2471:Nancy A. Youssef.
2437:The New York Times
2345:on 13 January 2015
2288:The New York Times
2188:The New York Times
2119:The New York Times
1749:The New York Times
1721:of a Group Algebra
1507:The New York Times
1366:The New York Times
1305:The New York Times
1239:washingtonpost.com
1120:The New York Times
1098:de-Ba'athification
1056:Ibrahim al-Jaafari
915:in February 2004,
864:The New York Times
810:The New York Times
782:Secretary of State
721:Albert Wohlstetter
697:
637:The New York Times
451:14 July Revolution
195:Ibrahim al-Jaafari
131:Ibrahim al-Jaafari
77:Ibrahim al-Jaafari
3317:
3316:
3299:
3298:
3227:
3226:
3136:
3135:
3064:
3063:
2987:
2986:
2854:
2853:
2746:
2745:
2737:Succeeded by
2598:. 9 November 2015
2524:, 30 January 2010
2168:978-0-14-190230-2
2088:Los Angeles Times
2032:. 20 January 2004
1775:978-0-7867-4429-9
1615:. 3 November 2015
1207:Los Angeles Times
803:, concerning her
571:military tribunal
502:George Glauberman
469:Western education
423:. He was born in
309:
308:
199:
3407:
3350:Iraqi dissidents
3294:
3288:
3239:
3238:
3233:Republic of Iraq
3222:
3148:
3147:
3131:
3125:
3076:
3075:
3059:
3053:
2999:
2998:
2943:Mustafa al-Umari
2866:
2865:
2798:
2797:
2772:
2765:
2758:
2749:
2748:
2731:
2714:Preceded by
2706:
2705:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2665:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2588:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2557:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2531:
2525:
2517:
2511:
2495:
2489:
2469:
2460:
2457:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2428:
2422:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2369:khaleejtimes.com
2361:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2341:. Archived from
2331:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2305:
2292:
2279:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2249:
2240:
2239:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2208:
2198:
2192:
2191:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2152:
2146:
2129:
2123:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2094:on 3 August 2007
2090:. Archived from
2079:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2053:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2022:
2016:
2007:
2001:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1915:
1906:
1903:Internet Archive
1900:
1894:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1828:. 11 August 2004
1818:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1791:
1780:
1779:
1759:
1753:
1742:Dexter Filkins.
1740:
1731:
1719:Jacobson Radical
1713:
1707:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1674:
1655:
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1650:
1634:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1603:
1588:
1587:
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1408:
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1392:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1356:
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1347:
1345:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1296:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1270:
1264:
1260:The New Republic
1256:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1231:
1225:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1190:. 30 April 2004.
1184:
1149:Iraq is a mess.
1114:
1020:Condoleezza Rice
982:Zuhair al-Maliki
832:invasion of Iraq
755:Washington Times
705:neoconservatives
680:Invasion of Iraq
510:abstract algebra
478:Whitfield Diffie
386:Sunday Telegraph
321:
258:
238:
236:
220:Personal details
206:
197:
191:
172:
151:
139:
127:
118:
97:
85:
73:
64:
43:
33:
32:
31:
21:
20:
3415:
3414:
3410:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3380:Osseiran family
3320:
3319:
3318:
3313:
3295:
3280:
3223:
3214:
3132:
3117:
3060:
3045:
2983:
2972:
2958:Arshad al-Umari
2923:Arshad al-Umari
2860:Kingdom of Iraq
2850:
2839:
2786:
2776:
2742:
2733:
2723:
2719:
2693:
2688:
2678:
2676:
2666:
2662:
2652:
2650:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2627:
2625:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2601:
2599:
2590:
2589:
2582:
2572:
2570:
2558:
2554:
2544:
2542:
2533:
2532:
2528:
2518:
2514:
2510:, 12 April 2008
2496:
2492:
2480:Wayback Machine
2470:
2463:
2458:
2451:
2441:
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2243:
2228:
2224:
2217:
2199:
2195:
2180:
2176:
2169:
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2149:
2139:Wayback Machine
2130:
2126:
2111:
2107:
2097:
2095:
2080:
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2054:
2045:
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2033:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2008:
2004:
1992:
1988:
1978:
1976:
1966:
1962:
1952:
1950:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1927:
1925:
1917:
1916:
1909:
1888:
1887:
1880:
1878:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1858:
1856:
1845:
1841:
1831:
1829:
1826:www.cbsnews.com
1820:
1819:
1815:
1805:
1803:
1792:
1783:
1776:
1760:
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1473:
1466:
1456:
1454:
1437:
1430:
1420:
1418:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1396:Chalabi's Lobby
1393:
1389:
1379:
1377:
1357:
1353:
1343:
1341:
1331:
1327:
1317:
1315:
1297:
1293:
1283:
1281:
1280:. 21 April 2021
1272:
1271:
1267:
1257:
1253:
1243:
1241:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1222:Ahmad al-Jalabi
1219:
1215:
1210:. 7 April 2003.
1200:
1199:
1195:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1169:Nouri Al Maliki
1160:
1116:
1109:
1082:Nouri al Maliki
1036:
1001:Muqtada al-Sadr
939:Lakhdar Brahimi
930:
820:Danielle Pletka
694:Donald Rumsfeld
682:
668:failure of the
587:
585:Exile in the UK
569:by a Jordanian
541:
539:Business career
471:
463:Seaford College
459:Baghdad College
429:Kingdom of Iraq
413:
298:
272:Political party
260:
256:
255:3 November 2015
246:Kingdom of Iraq
240:
239:30 October 1945
234:
232:
231:
230:
204:
189:
173:
168:
149:
137:
125:
119:
114:
108:Minister of Oil
95:
83:
71:
65:
60:
46:
45:Chalabi in 2003
34:
27:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3413:
3403:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
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3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3242:
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3229:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3217:
3215:
3213:
3212:
3207:
3202:
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3182:
3177:
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3162:
3157:
3151:
3145:
3138:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3079:
3073:
3070:Ba'athist Iraq
3066:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3002:
2996:
2993:Iraqi Republic
2989:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
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2875:
2869:
2863:
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2855:
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2851:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2801:
2795:
2792:Mandatory Iraq
2788:
2787:
2775:
2774:
2767:
2760:
2752:
2744:
2743:
2738:
2735:
2720:
2715:
2711:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2692:
2691:External links
2689:
2687:
2686:
2660:
2635:
2609:
2580:
2552:
2526:
2512:
2490:
2461:
2449:
2423:
2412:
2386:
2375:on 24 May 2013
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2105:
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2017:
2002:
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1387:
1351:
1325:
1291:
1278:Slate Magazine
1265:
1251:
1226:
1213:
1193:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1159:
1156:
1102:
1087:David Petraeus
1035:
1032:
1024:Stephen Hadley
993:Ali al-Sistani
970:counterfeiting
929:
926:
880:United Kingdom
855:President Bush
766:George W. Bush
717:Paul Wolfowitz
681:
678:
650:Saddam Hussein
586:
583:
575:Saddam Hussein
540:
537:
470:
467:
455:United Kingdom
433:grain merchant
412:
409:
370:Saddam Hussein
307:
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285:Leila Osseiran
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89:Rowsch Shaways
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72:Prime Minister
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25:Ahmed Chalabi
22:
19:
3235:(since 2004)
3164:
2722:
2677:. Retrieved
2673:
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2647:
2638:
2626:. Retrieved
2621:
2612:
2600:. Retrieved
2595:
2571:. Retrieved
2565:
2555:
2543:. Retrieved
2539:the original
2529:
2519:
2515:
2505:
2502:Melik Kaylan
2493:
2483:
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2436:
2426:
2415:
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2398:
2389:
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2373:the original
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2343:the original
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2096:. Retrieved
2092:the original
2087:
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2065:. Retrieved
2062:The Guardian
2061:
2034:. Retrieved
2030:archives.gov
2029:
2020:
2005:
1989:
1977:. Retrieved
1974:the Guardian
1973:
1963:
1951:. Retrieved
1947:
1938:
1926:. Retrieved
1922:
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1480:
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1446:
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1415:
1412:"The Scribe"
1406:
1401:3 April 2008
1398:
1390:
1378:. Retrieved
1364:
1354:
1342:. Retrieved
1338:
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1316:. Retrieved
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1091:Melik Kaylan
1067:
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918:
910:
908:
904:Capitol Hill
869:
862:
859:Iraqi people
840:
836:
808:
807:stories for
798:
785:Colin Powell
759:
754:
736:
733:Jim Hoagland
709:the Pentagon
698:
642:
635:
608:
595:Bill Clinton
592:
588:
560:
542:
514:
472:
448:
444:assassinated
414:
398:
372:, including
355:
347:
311:
310:
257:(2015-11-03)
205:Succeeded by
169:
150:Succeeded by
115:
101:Barham Salih
96:Succeeded by
61:
18:
3335:2015 deaths
3330:1945 births
3266:Abdul-Mahdi
3185:A. Pachachi
3144:(2003–2004)
3108:as-Samarrai
3072:(1968–2003)
2995:(1958–1968)
2913:H. Pachachi
2862:(1932–1958)
2794:(1920–1932)
2740:Ayad Allawi
2697:Appearances
1416:typepad.com
1016:Dick Cheney
699:Before the
690:Paul Bremer
562:in absentia
519:politician
490:mathematics
392:scandal in
210:Ayad Allawi
190:Preceded by
183:Paul Bremer
138:Preceded by
84:Preceded by
30:أحمد الجلبي
3324:Categories
3271:Al-Kadhimi
3251:al-Jaafari
3160:al-Jaafari
2918:T. Suwaidi
2908:al-Hashimi
2893:al-Hashimi
2878:al-Gaylani
2830:N. Suwaidi
2825:T. Suwaidi
2820:al-Hashimi
2805:al-Gillani
2679:3 November
2653:27 October
2628:3 November
2602:27 October
2573:27 January
2545:3 November
2442:3 November
2405:3 November
2379:3 November
2349:3 November
2319:3 November
2264:3 November
2067:3 November
2036:3 November
1979:27 October
1953:27 October
1928:27 October
1859:3 November
1832:27 October
1806:3 November
1688:3 November
1649:3 November
1619:5 November
1582:3 November
1546:Transcript
1512:12 October
1486:12 October
1457:12 October
1421:3 November
1399:The Nation
1380:27 October
1344:27 October
1318:27 October
1284:27 October
1244:3 November
1175:References
948:Aras Habib
894:, and the
770:Tony Blair
747:Laura Bush
620:Petra Bank
567:bank fraud
545:Petra Bank
488:degree in
411:Early life
405:Jay Garner
390:Petra Bank
382:fabricator
291:Alma mater
235:1945-10-30
3276:Al Sudani
3256:al-Maliki
3155:al-Ulooum
3026:al-Bazzaz
3021:ar-Razzaq
2953:al-Jamali
2888:al-Ayyubi
2883:al-Midfai
2815:al-Askari
2810:al-Sa'dun
2725:President
2238:. London.
1881:26 August
1533:Frontline
1375:0362-4331
1313:0362-4331
1132:Hezbollah
743:democracy
662:earmarked
529:civil war
425:Kadhimiya
403:Director
332:President
262:Kadhimiya
242:Kadhimiya
170:In office
116:In office
62:In office
3310:military
3261:al-Abadi
3210:al-Yawer
3195:al-Uloom
3180:al-Hakim
3175:Talabani
2898:Sulayman
2622:BBC News
2596:HuffPost
2476:Archived
2399:BBC News
2313:BBC News
2258:BBC News
2135:Archived
1891:cite web
1853:BBC News
1800:BBC News
1682:BBC News
1643:BBC News
1551:18 April
1451:Archived
1339:Newsweek
989:Latifiya
701:Iraq War
611:BBC News
517:Lebanese
3307:interim
3200:Barzani
3165:Chalabi
3113:Hussein
3103:Zubeidi
3098:Hammadi
3093:Hussein
3088:al-Bakr
3083:an-Naif
3011:al-Bakr
2933:al-Sadr
2903:al-Said
2873:Shawkat
2835:al-Said
2727:of the
2098:24 July
1727:at the
1717:On the
1124:Bahrain
1078:Ontario
1046:in the
892:Germany
878:in the
849:by the
749:at the
729:pundits
707:within
624:Baghdad
480:at the
421:Baghdad
334:of the
3289:
3246:Allawi
3170:Allawi
3126:
3054:
2963:Mirjan
2948:Mahmud
2701:C-SPAN
2213:
2165:
1772:
1723:, see
1373:
1311:
1074:Ottawa
723:, and
615:pardon
549:Jordan
533:Jordan
525:Tamara
394:Jordan
316:Arabic
282:Spouse
179:Leader
3205:Salim
3190:Hamid
3041:Yahya
3031:Talib
3016:Yahya
3006:Qasim
2968:Baban
2734:2003
2260:. BBC
1855:. BBC
1802:. BBC
1645:. BBC
1158:Death
1151:Daesh
997:Najaf
900:Japan
824:Irish
654:Kurds
324:Iraqi
3036:Arif
2928:Jabr
2783:List
2681:2015
2655:2021
2630:2015
2604:2021
2575:2012
2547:2015
2444:2015
2407:2015
2381:2015
2351:2015
2321:2015
2266:2015
2211:ISBN
2163:ISBN
2100:2007
2069:2015
2038:2015
1981:2021
1955:2021
1930:2021
1897:link
1883:2007
1861:2015
1834:2021
1808:2015
1770:ISBN
1690:2015
1651:2015
1621:2015
1584:2015
1553:2024
1542:WGBH
1514:2017
1488:2017
1459:2017
1423:2015
1382:2021
1371:ISSN
1346:2021
1320:2021
1309:ISSN
1286:2021
1246:2015
1136:Iran
1038:The
959:code
955:Iran
789:U.N.
760:The
665:US$
565:for
461:and
442:was
437:King
417:Shia
376:and
350:Iraq
340:37th
266:Iraq
252:Died
225:Born
2699:on
2013:CNN
1948:UPI
1538:PBS
906:."
898:in
896:NHK
890:of
888:ARD
884:ABC
876:BBC
805:WMD
762:CIA
735:of
547:in
494:PhD
3326::
2672:.
2646:.
2620:.
2594:.
2583:^
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1893:}}
1889:{{
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338:(
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233:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
