Ahom kingdom - Knowledge

550: 5283:"The reforms of 1609 gave a final touch to the organisation of the militia system. For the rota, the amorphous household remained no more the basic unit of paik supply, but was now replaced by an artificial unit, the got. It consisted of three to four militiamen, living close to one another. Twenty such gots were placed under a headman-the Bora. ... We may only add here that the militia became highly centralised. Even the lowest units (gots) could now be often transferred from their original khel to another. Slate paiks who could be permanently alienated to favoured persons, were now alienated in large numbers even to temples and monasteries by way of royal grants." ( 2218: 4945:"his setting up of a Habung Brahmins' colony near his capital and his giving posts of importance to his Brahmin benefactor's sons on the frontier - all these were significant. He was also instrumental in introducing several Hindu rites at royal ceremonies like the coronation. With this Brahmin intrusion, the political authority remained no longer exactly identical with the armed Ahom populace in its totality or the tribal council representing it. There was a cleavage. This brought the highly developed social organisation to the threshold of statehood. We still hesitate to call it a state 43: 3568: 1778:). In the 1280s, these two offices were given independent regions of control; partly hereditary and partly elected, the king and the two counsellors held each other in check and balance. These institutions of checks and balances thus seeded held fast for six hundred years—in the 18th century John Peter Wade, a British officer, observed these unique institutions and novel system of government. Sukaphaa had instructed that events during his rule be chronicled, a practice sustained by his successors; and there emerged the institution of 3878: 5270:"Again during the period from 1603 to 1648, the militia system was thoroughly reformed with a view to confronting the Mughal invasion. The state became more centralised in that process. Two new offices-- those of the Barphukan and the Barbarua were created, thus raising the number of Patra-Mantris to five. (The Barphukan was in charge the territories wrested from the Koches and the Mughals, posted as the viceroy in that region. The Barbarua functioned at the capital as the chief secretary to the royal government)." ( 1972: 4828:"Meanwhile Taokhamthi was dethroned and assassinated in 1389. As he died without leaving an heir to succeed him, the ministers took charge of the kingdom and started searching out a prince to be the king, because according to the Ahom right of kingship, only the direct descendants Sukapha on the male line were eligible to sit on the throne. On receiving the information that there was a son of the deceased king born mysteriously in the house of a Brahman, the ministers sought him out and made him the king." ( 1829:("a country of golden gardens"). Though Sukaphaa had avoided the Namdang region mindful of the numerically small Ahom contingent, but his son Suteuphaa made the Kacharis withdraw on their own via a stratagem and the Ahoms expanded into it; but no further expansions of the Ahom domain occurred for the next two hundred years. The Ahom kingdom, for most of its history, had been closed and population movement closely monitored—nevertheless, there were two significant contacts. One was a friendly encounter with 2449: 4454:"The political heritage of ancient Kamarupa had not left Upper Assam totally untouched. After its eclipse, though the south-eastern part of Upper Assam had lapsed into retarded conditions, the fragmented political structures incorporating that tradition still loomed large in the form of petty chiefdoms (bhuyan-raj) in the vicinity. It was under such circumstances that the Ahoms started building a state system of their own in the easternmost extremity of the Brahmaputra Valley." ( 564: 4480:"Pre-Ahom Upper Assam was an undulating alluvial plain, fu]l of jungles and marshes under the given conditions of a heavy rainfall. Land reclamation was therefore the first task. ... They uprooted the forests and reduced the undulating surface to a dead level so that the plain water, or water led from the bunded hill streams, could remain standing on it, when required. Over the centuries, they built and maintained a network of embankments for overall water control." ( 4320::140–141) By emphasizing the fluidity of this identity, the swargadeos controlled and directed the continuous movement within and beyond this group which, in turn, never allowed for developing any sense of loyalty to or cohesiveness of the group. Ahom was not an identity to die for in precolonial Assam; in fact, nobody could ever claim ownership of this label because it was left to the discretion of the swargodeo to award or demote a person to and from this status 1806:. Sukaphaa befriended those among the Morans and Barahi who were amenable to join him and put to the sword those who opposed him, and in due course, many others were incorporated into Ahom clans. The Ahoms were acutely aware of their smaller numbers, and adroitly avoided confrontations with larger groups. The additions via Ahomisation enhanced the Ahom numbers significantly. This process of Ahomization was particularly significant till the 16th century when under 875: 7922: 2825: 57: 2278: 6532: 3857: 4332:"Tributes seem to have flowed to their original state in Upper Burma from Mungdungshunkham and probably the covert colonialism ended in 1401 when the boundary between Mungdungshunkham and the Nara kingdom was finally fixed at the Patkai hills. There is reason to believe that the name Mungdunshunkham is closely associated with this covert colonialism of the time and it automatically disappeared when Mungdunshunkham became 7823: 4672:"The Ahoms thus believed that they were divinely ordained, firstly, to extend their permanent wet rice culture to areas dominated by large-scale fallowing and shifting cultivation and, secondly, to absorb stateless shifting cultivators into a common polity with themselves. These two aspects of the Ahom thrust in Upper Assam determined, bye and large, the course of the medieval state-formation process there." ( 5699:"Jay Singh the Manipuri King who expressed his gratitude to the Ahom king after he regained his kingdom and said to the messenger sent by the Ahom king to inspect - I have regained my dominion through your king's favor. I cannot forget him as long as I live, I shall remain faithful to him and send annual tributes without failure. I wish to offer my daughter to your king and intend to send her with you..."( 4584:"For years the community went on moving from place to place as a self-governed body of armed peasants in search of a suitable site. In course of their journey they left behind some small colonies at strategic places like Khamjang and Tipam. But after their temporary experimental stays at several sites, the main body finally settled by 1253 in the fertile Dikhou valley, now forming the Sibsagar district." ( 615: 2237:, also festering internal conflicts that tore the kingdom asunder. According to Guha (1986) Ahom Assam continued to flourish till 1770. The Tungkhungia regime witnessed a relative time of peace till first half of the 18th century, where the population increased, trade expanded, Coinage and monetization made headway. New arts and crafts, new crops and even new style of dress were introduced. 2505:, gives the price of number of commodities like rice, ghee, oil, pulses, goat, pigeon in connection with worship in different temples of the kingdom. This concludes that the barter economy was in the process of being replaced by the money economy, which was the outcome of Assam's developing economic ties both with feudal India and the neighbouring countries of the north east. 2299:), he dropped his father's plan to invade Benagal. He took the initiation of Parvatiya Gosain and established him 'Nilachal mountain' with extensive land grants and paiks. Siva Singha was very much under the influence of Brahmanas and astrologers, 1722 it was predicted by the astrologers that his reign would soon come to a end owing to the evil influence of 1871:

his rule. One of the rebels invited a military expedition from Mong Kwang (called Nara in the Buranjis, the successor state of Mong Mao to which the early Ahom kings used to send tribute) resulting in a clash in 1401—but Sudangphaa defeated the expedition and concluded the conflict with a treaty that fixed the boundary between the two polities at

4841:"During 1397–1407, for instance, even a group of Brahmins were invited to come over to settle down and help in royal affairs. Nevertheless, for another hundred years or so the Brahmanical influence at the royal court remained negligible, with little change beyond the superficial level in the traditional clan-based socio-political institution." ( 5322:"Incidentally, literate Ahoms retained the Tai language and script well until the end of the 17th century. In that century of Ahom-Mughal conflicts, this language first coexisted with and then was progressively replaced by Assamese (Asamiya) at and outside the Court. After a phase of bilingualism, it finally died a natural death in Assam." ( 5309:"The Ahom kings also began to assume Hindu names in addition to their Tai patronymics It was from the days of Pratap Simha again, that they started patronising Hindu temples with land grants. Their formal conversion to Hinduism did not however take place before 1648 and the new attachment became stable only towards the end of the century." ( 5219:"Suhumrnung intle-duced the Saka era in place of the old system of calculating dates by the sixty-year Jovian cycles. According to some chroniclers, he also started striking coins to mark the coronation. The hereditary nobles (Chao) were now allying themselves with the Brahmin literati with a view to forming an expanded ruling class." ( 4467:"Sukapha came not as a raiding conqueror but as the head of an agricultural folk in search of land. It appears he did not encroach upon the lands of the local peasants, rather he opened up new areas of settlement, procuring with shrewd diplomacy what he direly needed for the purpose---the service of the local inhabitants." ( 5241:"The Ahom expeditionary force, led by General Ton Kham and aided by General Kan Seng and General Kham Peng, pursued the retreating enemies across Muslim domains of Kamarupa and Kamata receiving little resistance in them and reached Karatoya, the eastern boundary of Gaur proper, where the victors washed their swords."( 3072:. They were the arbitrator who settled local disputes and supervised public works. The Katakis were envoys who dealt with foreign countries and hill tribes. The Kakatis were writers of official documents. The Dolais expounded astrology and determined auspicious time and dates for any important event and undertaking. 5254::The Ahom statesmen and chroniclers wishfully looked forward to the Karatoya as their natural western frontier. They also looked upon themselves as the heirs of the glory that was ancient Kamarupa by right of conquest, and they long cherished infructuous their unfulfilled hopes of expanding up to that frontier." ( 4949:. For it took a long time for the polity to totally subordinate the primordial clan loyalties to the overall public authority and thus qualify itself for full-fledged statehood. Yet, by the end of the 14th century it was no longer a pristine polity, but something more than that - a state-like organisation." ( 5159:"Suhumgmung Dihingiya Raja made also a big departure from tradition by raising the number of his chief counsellors from two to three and giving the third and new counsellor the same Gohain status. This he did even in the face of stiff opposition from the other two. It appears that the novel designation of 2274:, considering it to be more suitable for a monarch, he invited a famous Sakta Brahmana from Bengal–Krishnaram Bhattacharya alias Pravatiya Gosain. From his death bed he expressed his will that, all his five sons to be kings in an executive manner and advised them to take initiation of Parvatiya Gosain 1947:

region at Habung in 1512 (probably with the help of the descendants of the Habungia Brahmans settled during Sudangpha's time). The Indo-Aryan Bhuyans were relocated to the capital and absorbed into the lower echelons of the growing state as scribes and warriors. They in turn helped in the elimination

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refer that Sukapha on his way to Charaideo came across a large concentration of Kachari population on the Namdang, a tributary of the Dikhow, which he tactfully avoided. 'Let us face the Borahis and the Morans first, and the Kacharis afterwards. Any combination of the former two with the latter will

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were able to capture and maintain power at the capital Rangpur for some years but were finally removed with the help of the British under Captain Welsh. The following repression led to a large depopulation due to emigration as well as execution, but the conflicts were never resolved. A much-weakened

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solely for diplomatic missions, the Ahom kings adopting a Hindu name in addition to their Ahom names, and patronising Hindu establishments began with Pratap Singha, though formal initiation of the Ahom kings into Hinduism did not occur till 1648. The Assamese language entered the Ahoms court for the

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kingdom but which had since lapsed into deteriorating conditions, and his intention was not to conquer and raid but to permanently settle in fallow land and practice agriculture—and the Ahoms were primarily responsible for converting the undulating alluvial forest and marshy plains in upper Assam to

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people (meaning 'slave" or 'culttlrally inferior foreigner'). These non-Ahoms were, however, always free to adopt the latter's Tai culture, the very essence of which, in the words of the German anthropologist Von Eickstedt, was "association with wet rice cultivation". Besides, there is evidence in

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considered it a serious insult, not to be forgotten or forgiven, and in consultation with his disciples, he decided to take vengeance at an opportune moment. The subsequent history of Assam is essentially a history of the Moamariya rebellion, which was the most important factor causing the downfall

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marital relationships. The number of lineages increased in later times as either other lineages were incorporated, or existing lineages divided. The king could belong to only the first family whereas the Burhagohain and the Borgohain only to the second and the third families. Most of the Borphukans

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The punishments for crimes were generally harsh, with offenders punished by impaling, grinding between two cylinders, starving to death, slicing of the body into pieces, hoeing from head to foot, etc. Common punishments included the extraction of eyes and kneecaps, the slicing off of noses, beating

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In civil matters, Hindu laws were generally followed, while the criminal law was characterized by sternness and comparative harshness, where the general principle was that of an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth, and the culprit was punished with precisely the same injury as that inflicted by

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to end the period of crisis. He established Brahmin officers, advisors and communities near the capital and the Brahmin influence, though negligible, was felt for the first time. A number of rebellions erupted purportedly against this influence but Sudangphaa was able to suppress them and solidify

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became acquainted with the land measurement system of Mughals during the time he was hiding in Kamrup before he succeeded to the throne. As soon as the wars with Mughals were over he issued orders for the introduction of a similar system throughout his dominions. Surveyors were imported from Koch

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Forts were built in strategic locations to provide armed resistance. The Ahom soldiers were skilled at attacking the enemy at night. On the battlefield, a small group of Ahom soldiers could often outnumber thousands of enemy soldiers. Aside from their numerical strength, the Ahom paiks' physical

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s. The Baruas of whom there were twenty or more included Bhandari Barua or treasurer; the Duliya Barua, who was in charge of the royal palanquins; the Chaudang Barua who superintended executions; Khanikar Barua was the chief artificer; Sonadar Barua was the mint master and chief jeweler; the Bez

5361:"It is said that on the advice of his priests he performed laksha homas end offered joksha, valis at Kamakhya to ward off the evils of chatra-bhanga-yoga. He also fed numerous Brahmins and gave them precious presents, All these cost so much that the royal treasury was nearly exhausted–BVR, II."( 2535:

to facilitate trade with Chinese knowing person coming from the direction of Tibet. Rudra Singha is also said to have established an extensive trade with Tibet and to have encouraged intercourse with other nations although he strictly limited the extent to which foreigners were allowed into the

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in 1523; and that kingdom's nobility, commanders, professional classes, warriors and technologies were absorbed into the Ahom kingdom. It was this formation of the Ahom kingdom that met the aggression from Bengal under Turbak in 1532 and it was able to eliminate the aggressive leadership (with

5052:"Further, as a result of the annexation of the Chutia kingdom, many families of Brahmanas, Kayasthas, Kalitas, Daivajnas etc. and a large number of artisans viz. bell-metal workers, goldsmiths, blacksmiths, oil-pressers, gardeners, washermen, and weavers were transferred to the Ahom capital" ( 3681:

The navy was the most important and powerful division of the Ahom forces. The main warships were known as bacharis. This shape was similar to Bengali kosahs, and each could carry 70 to 80 men. They were tough and powerful, and by the end of the period, many of them were armed with guns. The

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These expansions created significant changes in the kingdom—the Assamese-speaking Hinduized subjects outnumbered the Ahoms themselves; and the absorption of the Chutia kingdom meant a wide range of artisan skills became available to it increasing the scope for division of labour. To provide

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At the time of their advent, the Ahoms came with advanced technologies of rice cultivation, and it was their belief that they were divinely ordained to turn fallow land to agriculture and also to absorb stateless and shifting agriculturists to their own ways. The shifting people were called

4729:"After two years' stay at Song-Tak Sukapha turned back and came to Simaluguri (Tun Nyeu). Here he learned through spies of heavy concentration of population on the Namdang (Nam Deng, "red river") and considered it not worthwhile to make any attept (sic) to reduce them to submission." ( 2307:

who was given the title of 'Bar–Raja' on the advice of Pravatiya Gosain. Phuleswari melded too much with the religious affairs, she had caused the insult of the Shudra–Mahantas. After the death of Phuleswari, two other wives of Siva Singha were set on the position of 'Bar–Raja', namely

4716:"(In Upper Assam), the Ahoms assimilated some of their Naga, Moran and Barahi neighbours and later, also large sections of the Chutiya and Kachari tribes. This Ahomisation process went on until the expanded Ahom society itself began to be Hinduised from the mid-16th century onward." ( 3673:

The people of medieval Assam were aware of the use of incendiary weapons. However, firearms were first introduced in the early 16th century. The Ahom troops quickly became experts in the manufacture of various types of guns, small and large, matchlocks, artillery, and large cannon.

4290:"The Chutiya power began to decline with the beginning of the 16th century. Taking advantage of an anarchical condition in the Chutia kingdom under the rule of inefficient Dhirnarayan (c1504–1523), the Ahom King Suhungmung or Dihingia Raja (1497-1539) annexed the kingdom in 1523"( 4303:"The Ahoms were never numerically dominant in the state they built and, at the time of 1872 and 1881 censuses, they formed hardly one-tenth of the populations relevant to the erstwhile Ahom territory (i.e, by and large, the Brahmaputra Valley without the Goalpara district.)" ( 4815:"The regicide of 1389, the long interregnum that followed it and the revolts of the three subordinate Ahom chiefs of Mung Khamjang, Mung Aiton and Mung Tipam all these events that took place towards the end of the 14th century were signs of growing social contradictions." ( 2578:

is who, systematised the population distribution and settlement of villages. The census of adult male population of the state was taken very strictly so that every working man would be registered for the state service. The census were properly recorded in registers called

4703:"The Marans and the Barahis who dwelt in the region between Dikhau and the Dichang rivers were the first groups of tribal people who Sukapha won over to this side by a policy of peace and conciliation. Those among them who challenged Sukapha were ruthlessly killed. ( 5391:, where he made some aspersions regarding the origin of Barbaura. After having obtained King's permission Kirti Chandra collected all the Buranjis in the houses of nobles and officers for examination and burnt away all those which contained the incorrect statement" ( 4629:"(Wade) had then seen the Ahom political system functioning in its worst days. He found "the civil constitution of the kingdom partly Monarchical partly Aristocratical exhibiting a system highly artificial, regular and novel, however defective in other respects"." ( 5374:"Barpatra Gohain, Bar Gohain and Naobochia Phukan had made an attempt to enthrone Tipam Raja, son of Siva Singha, with the help of a band of attendants and servitors of the royal household, but somehow this situation was handled by the Burhagohain and Borbaura"( 2539:

Another point by which we can understand the trade relation of Ahoms with other nations is through the use of Silver coins. It is to be noted that there are no silver mines in the northeast or in the rest of India, so the metal entered as a result of trade.

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in 1490 saw the Ahoms, not strong enough to take them on frontally, suing for peace. The Ahom royalty continuously improved their relationship with the Brahmans which enabled them to gain goodwill with the Indo-Aryanized tribal groups and consolidate power.

2962:. He could use only a section of the paiks at his command for his personal use (as opposed to the Dangariyas), the rest rendering service to the Ahom state. The Borphukan was in military and civil command over the region west of Kaliabor, and acted as the 1898:

Sudangphaa settled Habung brahmins close his capital, settled the sons of his adopted Brahmin family in frontier areas, dismantled the tribal allegiances that held the polity together earlier and brought the Ahom kingdom very close to a full-fledged state.

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Trade was carried on usually through barter and use of circulation of money was limited. According to Shihabududdin Tailash, currency in the Ahom kingdom consisted of cowries, rupees and gold coins. With the increase of external trade since the reign of

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with each having his separate duties. The Naubaicha Phukan, who had an allotment of thousand men managed the royal boats, the Bhitarual Phukan, the Na Phukan, the Dihingia Phukan, the Deka Phukan, and the Neog Phukan formed the council of Phukan. The

1825:, a practice that was continued by some of his successors till about the early 14th century when the power of Mong Mao faded to be replaced the power of Mong Kwang, at which point the Ahoms stopped the tributes. The Ahoms began to call their domain 2548:

In extent the kingdom's length was about 500 miles (800 km) and with an average breadth of 60 miles (96 km). The kingdom can be divided into three major regions: the north bank (Uttarkul), the south bank (Dakhinkul), and the island of

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and Sarbeswari. Siva Singha reign was peaceful, except an expedition sent against the Daflas, he had caused the erection of many temples and made numerous grants to the religious sites and brahmanas. He died in 1744, and his younger brother

5180:"The king succeeded in tilting the constitutional balance in his favour, partly because of the long felt need for an expanded administration, but largely because his position had meanwhile been strengthened by a number of war victories." ( 4357:(1795-1811) for help against the king of Burma who had invaded his territory. Referring to the close tie existing between the two kingdoms, the Mong Kwang ruler hoped for positive response from the Ahom king to repel the Burmese invaders"( 3990:

Numerous large and small tanks were excavated to necessitate the problem of water shortage and for religious purposes. Their grandeur was enhanced by the construction of temples in their bank. Notable tanks from the Ahom period includes–

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carries a single Chinese character on each side reading Zang Bao. This had been translated as 'treasury of your honour'. Nicholas Rodhes read the inscription as 'Currency of Tibet', Also these two characters were used by the Chinese in

2136:, preventing the other rebellious Koch king Pran Narayan from securing his footing. He speedily extended his authority over whole of western Assam. He brought under his domain the whole Brahmaputra Valley, from Sadiya in the east and 1679:. Sukaphaa probably started his journey from his homeland with a small number, but he was supported and joined by other Tai chiefs and common followers along the way and entered Assam with approximately 9,000 persons. His destiny was 4866:"In the reign of Sudangpha Bamuni Konwar (1397–1407), who was elected king at the age of 15, revolts were suppressed, and the boundary between the Ahom and the Nara (Mogaung) territories was, for the first time, firmly delimited." ( 1722:

kingdoms—in Assam utilised for legitimacy to various degrees, the Ahoms were able to use their alternate Lengdon-based legitimacy to establish their rule and effectively negotiate with the indigenous people; nevertheless the later

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political structures, and which provided the space for the development of a distinct political, social and cultural identity. Though Brahminical myth-making was a common feature that all ancient and medieval kingdoms—such as

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in the mid-seventeen century, so it is not unlikely that the Assamese would have thought have thought that a Chinese character was an appropriate for Assamese-Tibetan trade coin. This piece evidently was an attempt by

5296:"From the reign of Susengpha Pratap Simha (1603-41), Ahom diplomats were almost totally replaced by Brahmins in the diplomatic missions sent abroad. This was done with a view to making diplomacy more efficient." ( 3346:. Except for the Raja of Rani, all paid an annual tribute. These Rajas were required to meet the needs for resources and paiks when the need arose, as during the time of war. There were in total 15 vassal states. 2424:

which in the 17th century had helped the kingdom to repulse the repeated Mughal invasions, had become extremely outdated. The later phase of the rule was also marked by increasing social conflicts, leading to the

5335:"(Rudra Singha) accepted a Muslim named Shah Newaj as a priest in the court, who used to pray for the prosperity of the kingdom in Islamic form. This custom introduced by him was followed by his successors." ( 2931:

that they controlled. These positions were generally filled from specific families. Princes who were eligible for the position of Swargadeo were not considered for these positions and vice versa. In the 1527,

1889:. Sudangphaa established a new capital at Charagua, broke the clan allegiances that held the Ahom polity together earlier replacing it with political authority of the king, and introduced the tradition of the 1692:

had with them the basic political structures for state-building, surplus producing technologies such as sedentary wet-rice cultivation and hydrology, a patriarchal social organisation based on chiefs, and a

2553:. The north bank (Uttarkul) was more populated and fertile but the Ahom kings set up their capital on the south bank (Dakinkul) because it had more inaccessible strongholds and defensible central places. 2927:'s territory was between Sadiya and Gerelua river in the north bank of the Brahmaputra river and the Borgohain's territory was to the west up to the Burai river. They were given total command over the 5107:"By 1539, the Ahom territory became at least twice as big as what it was in size around 1407. More importantly its Assamese-speaking Hindu subjects were now more numerous than the Ahoms themselves." ( 4441:, p45. From the variation in the numbers it appears that the number of the followers who accompanied Sukapha from Mao-Lung, gradually increased on the way when additional groups joined the march." ( 1578:

in the 16th century and became multi-ethnic in character, casting a profound effect on the political and social life of the entire Brahmaputra valley. The kingdom became weaker with the rise of the

5193:"The whole Chutiya territory was then annexed to the Ahom kingdom and an officer called Sadiya-khowa Gohain was appointed to administer it. The first incumbent to this office was Phrasenmung." ( 5039:"He first annexed Habung in 1512... Since then resettled Bhuyan chiefs and their relations began to be absorbed as scribes and warriors in the lower echelons of the growing state machinery." ( 3160:

Forward governors, who were military commanders, ruled and administered forward territories. The officers were usually filled from the families that were eligible for the three great Gohains.

2174:, the kingdom fell straight under ten years of political disorder. During this period the nobles exercised immense power, and seven kings were put on the throne and deposed. In the meantime, 2367:. Rajeswar Singha had erected the most number of temples among the Ahom Kings, he was an orthodox Hindu and took initiation of Nati–Gosian (a relative of Pravatiya Gosain). In 1765, he sent 4920:, as the coronation hall had to be made of Singari wood. The ceremony was performed according to the Ahom rites but it is possible that his Brahmana foster-father blessed him with Vedic 1875:. This event was significant since it moved the Ahom polity from implicit subordination to explicit sovereignty, and this was accompanied by the transition of the name of the polity from 2100:

by 1576. The collapse of the Koch Hajo power in 1614 resulted in the Mughals coming to power up to the Barnadi river. The Mughals attempted further ingress to the east in 1616 with the

3514:, or bamboo pole of 12 feet (3.7 m) length and calculating the area, the unit was the "lucha" or 144 square feet (13.4 m) and 14,400 sq ft (1,340 m). is one " 4642:"(Sukapha) ordered his chroniclers to keep record of all events. This was the glorious beginning of the history-writing in Assam—a precious contribution to Indian historiography." ( 2958:, that were directly under the king. The Borbarua, who acted as the military as well as the judicial head, was in command of the region east of Kaliabor not under the command of the 2812:

There were towns, but only a small percentage of the population lived in such towns. Some important towns of Ahom time were Rangpur, Garhgoan, Guwahati and Hajo. The capital city of

4123:"After 1770 started its period of decline-civil wars and depopulation followed by foreign occupations culminating in the final eclipse of 1826 by its take-over by the British." ( 3662:

Swords, spears, bows, and arrows, guns, matchlocks, cannons were the primary weapons of the war. The soldiers had been trained to stand firm in battle. The cavalry commander was

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The measurement system helped in the equal distribution of land among the paiks as well as among the nobles and officers. Records of land were maintained under an officer called

42: 5631:"Most of the Borbaruas were selected from Moran, Kachari, Chiring and Khamti families. The office of the Governor general, lower Assam, was appointed from a Chutiya family." ( 3049:

also had a similar council of six subordinate Phukans whom he was bound to consult in all matters of importance. This council included Pani Phukan, who commanded six thousand

1837:. At the end of the 14th century, the nascent Ahom polity faced crises of succession, two regicides, and three quick interregnum periods when the kingdom was without a king. 4558:

held in a Sakta shrine and compelled them to bow their heads before the goddess and have their foreheads besmeared with the blood of sacrificed animals and made them accept

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The culture of music and dance was widespread and popular and received the patronage of royalty, the Ahom kings also held high regard for Mughal music and sent musicians to

3999:, Gaurisagar tank, Lakshmisagar tank and Vishusagar tank or Rajmao pukhuri etc. The number of other tanks excavated by the Ahom rulers is estimated to be approximately 200. 3068:

Other officials included twelve Rajkhowas, and a number of Katakis, Kakatis, and Dolais. The Rajkhowas were governors of given territories and commanders of three thousand

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first time and briefly coexisted and eventually replaced the Ahom language. No more major restructuring of the state structure was attempted until the end of the kingdom.

2391:. Rajeswar Singha's reign marked the end of Ahom supremacy and glory, the signs were decay was already visible during his reign. He was succeeded by his younger brother 1605:

people constituting less than 10% of the population toward the end. People from different ethnic groups became a part of the Ahom population due to the process known as

2266:. But he died right before he could execute his plans in 1714. Rudra Singha had re–instated the Vaisnava Satras, he himself had taken initiation of the Auniati Gosain ( 525: 511: 2420:

The Ahom kingdom by the mid-18th century was indeed an over-burdened hierarchical structure, supported by a weak institutional base and meagre economic surplus. The

4538:, His son Rudra Singha in the later part of his rule became an open supporter of faith and from his death onward that faith became the creed of the Ahom monarchs" ( 5206:"In an attempt to appease the aggrieved Gohains, two new offilces of frontier governors were created to be always exclusively held by members of their lineages." ( 2574:, the Burmese depredations (1817-1825) further reduced the population by 1/3. It shows that only 7/8 lakh people remained, at the time of British annexation. King 4400:(state or dependencies) chiefs who joined Sukapha with their contingents. Some of them came with their families, and the total strength is computed as 9,000." ( 4204:"It is suggested that the actual population of the Ahom territories up to the Manas ranged from two to three millions over one-and-a-half century ending 1750." ( 5686:"These were but petty chieftainships or petty duchies like that of the west. Some of them known as Raja puwali(petty Rajas) when elevated to such a status." ( 2816:, was found to be 20 miles (32.18 km) in extent and thickly populated by Capt. Welsh in 1794. The population, however, never exceeded 10 thousand souls. 7996: 6549: 4659:. The rulers governed their kingdom not merely on oral directions but written orders and decisions that were recorded and preserved in their archives." ( 2206:) established the 'Tungkhungia rule' in Assam, which continued to remain in power till the end of the kingdom. In 1682, the Mughals were defeated in the 4153:"Their formal conversion to Hinduism did not however take place before 1648 and the new attachment became stable only towards the end of the century." ( 2233:

was marked by achievements in the Arts and engineering constructions, the Tungkhungia reigme witnessed a relative time of peace and stability till the

4983:(1439-88)] gained him the goodwill of the Aryanised Mongoloid tribes of the region, who helped him in his subsequent conquest of Habung and Panbari." 1992:

process occurred with the Ahoms. The nature of the kings institutional relationship to the ministers changed with the creation of a new position, the

6664: 2092:

After the division of the Koch kingdom between two branches of the Koch dynasty in 1581, the Ahoms allied with their immediate western neighbor, the

5146:"Yet another fact to note is that all Ahoms, irrespective of their royal or ordinary descent, remained free of any kind of Rajputisation process" ( 3525:. Thus all cultivable and occupied land, except homesteads and jungles, were surveyed and recorded. The paper on which this was recorded is called 2151:, in this invasion the Ahoms could not resist up well, and the Mughals occupied the capital, Garhgaon. Unable to keep it, and in at the end of the 3434:

paid annual tributes to the Ahom king, acknowledging the overlordship and the vassalage of Ahoms. In this connection, mention be made of the term

8001: 2004:(territories acquired from the Kachari kingdom), both of which were reserved for the Borgohain and Burhagohain lineages. The traditional nobles ( 2379:. The first expeditionary force had to be routed off, which was sent through 'Naga Hills', in 1767 another force was despatched through the old 6357:

Phukan, J. N. (1991). "Relations of the Ahom kings of Assam with those of Mong Mao (in Yunnan, China) and of Mong Kwang (Mogaung in Myanmar)".

6051: 6012: 5013:) of the adult male population in 1510. A survey of clans and crafts was also made to specify the nature of their respective militia duties." ( 5120:"This resulted in the availability of a wider range of artisan skills as well as a greater scope for division of labour within the kingdom." ( 2566:

From 1500 to 1770 A.D., one comes across definite signs of demographic growth in the region. There was terrible depopulation In course of the

8016: 7293: 6463:

Shin, Jae-Eun (2017), "Transition of Satra from a Venue of Bhakti Movement to the Orthodox Brahmanical Institution", in Ota, Nobuhiro (ed.),

7937: 7771: 2214:

who began commencing immense power and influence over the state and people, and started a wide–spread persecution of the Vaisnavites.

4966:(1488-93), there was a conflict with the Dimasa Kacharis, but the Ahoms sued for peace by offering a princess to the Kachari king." ( 4396:"The Tais under Sukapha left Mong Mao in A.D. 1215 and not Mong Mit in 1227 as suggested by some scholars. There were at least five 2067:

system; and paiks could be permanently alienated to non-royal institutions via royal grants. Under the same king, the offices of the

8011: 6206: 850: 1601:

Though it came to be called the Ahom kingdom in the colonial and subsequent times, it was largely multi-ethnic, with the ethnic

1483: 5133:"The king assumed the Hindu title of Svarga-narayanaa (god of heaven) also came to be addressed as Swarga-deva in Assamese." ( 7728: 6536: 5831:"...a number of oracles were included in the Bailung group. Thus there were the Naga-Bailung, Miri-Bailung and Nara Bailung"( 4275: 2147:

to bring the lost tracts and to punish the rebels elements in that quarter, launched an invasion under his chief lieutenant

8006: 3797:

group. The extended nobility consisted of the landed aristocracy and the spiritual class that did not pay any form of tax.

3686:. These were primarily made of chambal wood and were thus light and fast and so difficult to sink. The navy was led by the 2915:. In the 1280s, they were given independent territories, they were veritable sovereigns in their given territories called 5232:

Tom Kham was the son of Phrasengmong Borgohain and Mula Gabhoru, both warriors who were killed in battles against Turbak.

4250:

The Asiatic Annual Register, Or, A View of the History of Hindustan, and of the Politics, Commerce and Literature of Asia

4248: 7991: 6498: 6159:

Baruah, S. L. (1978). "The Muslim Population in Pre-British Assam: Their Social Status and Role in Cultural History".

2536:

country. Presumably, some of the coins of his reign were struck with the silver earned from these trading activities.

1821:

At this initial stage the kingdom was still not fully sovereign. Sukaphaa sent his word of allegiance and tributes to

6348: 6108: 5911: 5163:

was borrowed from the civil list of Habung where the local ruler, a dependent of the Chutiya king, had the title of

6802: 3814:

consisted of artisans, the literati and skilled people that did non-manual work and rendered service as a tax. The

3683: 3401:

The other hill states which acknowledged the overlordship and nominal sovereignty of the Ahoms were the states of:

1895:

ceremony, the state coronation of the Ahom kings that symbolised royal Ahom sovereignty, authority and legitimacy.

4179:"(T)he Ahom system was in reality both 'monarchical' and 'aristocratical' as Captain Welsh pointed out long ago" ( 3549:

were issued for important records, particularly of revenue-free lands gifted to religious sites or to Brahamanas.

3482:, a Saikia of 100 and a Hazarika of 1000. A Rajkhowa commanded three thousand and a Phukan commanded six thousand 2008:) now aligned with the Brahmin literati and an expanded ruling class developed. And when the Ahoms under Ton Kham 1782:

writing, a practice of historiography rare in India. In the late medieval era, the Ahom kingdom was known to be a

7733: 7288: 6520: 1645:

came to be known by this name. The kingdom maintained close political ties with other Tai-states especially with

7764: 6444: 2522:

between 1792 and 1836 with the meaning 'Tibetan currency. Furthermore, there was a significant contact between

813: 3510:

himself. According to historians, the method of survey included measuring the four sides of each field with a

2978:

community. The Borbarua and Borphukan offices were not hereditary and thus could be chosen from any families.

7231: 6817: 3518:". Four 'bigha' makes one 'Pura'. A similar land measurement system is still being followed in modern Assam. 3285:

served under Borbarua, administered Jagi at Nagoan and maintained relations with seven tribal chiefs, called

2258:. He had made extensive preparations to extend the boundary west–towards, attempted to make a confederacy of 6230:"Ahom state formation in Assam an enquiry into the factors of polity formation in medieval North East India" 3599:. Land was given to martial paiks (militia) in exchange for their service. The paiks were organised under a 7909: 7298: 6926: 6774: 6598: 6580: 6563: 6190:

Ahom State Formation in Assam: An Inquiry into the Factors of Polity Formation in Medieval North East India

4996:"The years 1497–1539---when the polity leaped into statehood has seen taken as the convenient watershed." ( 3008:) who enjoyed additional powers and the service of a thousand additional paiks from the Jakaichuk village. 3715:

were the chief judicial authorities in their respective provinces, and trials were conducted before them.

1929:

The Ahom kingdom transitioned into a full state rather dramatically in a short period during the reign of

1902:

The next hundred years saw the kingdom mostly suppressing rebellious Naga groups, but a conflict with the

7252: 7174: 7084: 6974: 6671: 5618:

Thao-mung mungteu(Bhatialia Gohain) was made Chao-sheng-lung(Borpatrogohain in Lakni Rungrao 1527.(p.61.)

5617: 3992: 3478:

tended to his fields. The Paik system was administered by the Paik officials: A Bora was in charge of 20

2217: 843: 2501:, there was a corresponding increase in the circulation of money. Inscriptions dating from the reign of 2210:, and Manas river was fixed as the western boundary. Gadadhar Singha came in conflict with the Vaisnava 7981: 7894: 6827: 6807: 6797: 6754: 6607: 6589: 6571: 3698:

strength, courage, and endurance were the most important factors in the Ahom military's invincibility.

3181:

administered the region that was contiguous to the Naga groups west of the Dhansiri; acquired from the

3153:

s, and by the time of Rajeshwar Singha, there were twelve of them. The most important of these was the

2571: 2469: 2368: 1583: 1476: 6295:"The Ahom Political System: An Enquiry into the State Formation Process in Medieval Assam (1228–1714)" 2155:, the Ahoms not only fended off a major Mughal invasion but extended their boundaries west, up to the 7925: 7791: 7757: 7738: 7490: 7403: 7151: 4044: 2105: 1688:

flat rice fields able to hold plain water for rice cultivation via a network of embankments. The Tai-

818: 598: 405: 379: 4759:, meaning a country full of golden gardens—gardens that they kept smiling through their own toil." ( 4030:

The royal insignia of the kingdom is known as Ngi-ngao-kham which is a mythical winged lion dragon.

1531: 7211: 4079: 4049: 2364: 1968:

in Nagaon; and by the end of Suhungmung's reign, the size of the kingdom had effectively doubled.

1574:

in the upper reaches of the Brahmaputra based on wet rice agriculture. It expanded suddenly under

4059: 1943:). It began first with a consolidation of the militia in 1510, followed by an expansion into the 1755: 1709:

that led to Indo-Aryan domination, the Ahom state formation provided an alternate model built on

1587: 823: 682: 5094:"By 1539, the Ahom territory became at least twice as big as what it was in size around 1407." ( 4655:"Another characteristic was that the Ahom-rule like its contemporary the Mughal was literally a 3607:(department). The paiks were placed under the command of Paik officers, whose ranks as follows: 6969: 6951: 6941: 6021: 4685:"Non-Ahom tribes practising shifting cultivation were contemptuously described by the Ahoms as 3951: 3943: 2940:. The Borpatrogohain's territory was located between the territories of the other two Gohains. 2384: 2360: 2339: 2230: 1724: 836: 109: 6146:

Dutt, K.N. (1958). "MAHARAJA PURANDAR SINGHA (A 'rois fainant' of nineteenth-century Assam)".

3373:

ruled the tracts southwest of Guwahati and were the descendants of Gaj Narayan, a grandson of

2586:

The following table estimates the population composition of classes, during the reign of king

2383:

route. The second expedition was successful and achieved its objective in recovering Manipur.

2096:

branch, from 1603 to prop them as a buffer against the Mughals who had extended their rule to

7976: 7333: 6784: 6634: 6611: 4265: 3827: 2033: 1980:

legitimacy to the rule of the Ahom kings among the new subjects Suhungmung assumed the title

1613:

in this kingdom was fluid, with the king controlling who belonged to it and who did not. The

1469: 789: 6386:

Phukan, J. N. (1992), "Chapter III The Tai-Ahom Power in Assam", in Barpujari, H. K. (ed.),

2342:

gained much of his political influence. In 1744, he received an ambassador from the king of

7986: 7184: 7092: 6994: 6883: 6850: 6294: 5065:"The victorious Ahom army pursued the retreating Muslim soldiers as far as the Karatoya." ( 4916:"(Sudangphaa) was the first Ahom king to perform his coronation ceremony, which was called 4690:

the chronicles that many Kha families were ceremonially adopted into various Ahom clans." (

3939: 1971: 629: 3265:

administered the region of Mungklang (Dihing) that was acquired after the conquest of the

3024:

had military and judicial responsibilities, and they were aided by two separate councils (

8: 7904: 7398: 7343: 7318: 7278: 7256: 7117: 7065: 6959: 6901: 6792: 6769: 6513: 3955: 3241:

administered the region of Banlung (Dhemaji) that was acquired after the conquest of the

2171: 2152: 2042:

The Ahom kingdom became more broad-based and took many features of its mature form under

2037: 2029: 366: 6528: 6473: 6229: 7358: 7070: 7037: 7027: 7007: 7002: 6916: 6858: 6841: 6837: 6812: 6659: 6639: 6629: 6412: 6374: 6314: 6176: 6134: 6087: 6045: 5949: 5473: 5009:"Yet another important event of his reign was the carrying out of a state-wise census ( 3567: 2567: 2426: 2411: 2234: 2207: 2191: 2187: 2164: 2109: 2101: 1740: 1595: 1579: 730: 392: 6454:

Sarkar, J. N. (1992), "Chapter I The Ahom Administration", in Barpujari, H. K. (ed.),

7436: 7388: 7313: 7164: 7159: 7107: 7042: 7017: 6979: 6931: 6873: 6868: 6676: 6593: 6584: 6575: 6440: 6404: 6366: 6344: 6168: 6126: 6104: 6006: 5907: 5791: 4271: 4022:

to learn it. Certain officers such as 'Gayan Barua' were appointed to promote music.

4008: 3963: 3931: 3883: 3826:

and other serfs and bondsmen. There was some degree of movement between the classes.

3682:

Fathiya-i-ibriya mentions 32,000 ships belonging to the king of Assam at the time of

2431: 2075:(the "secretary" of the royal government) were established to increase the number of 1694: 1622: 1591: 1535: 677: 134: 7780: 7446: 7421: 7201: 7012: 6936: 6906: 6896: 6863: 6711: 6681: 6654: 6649: 6644: 6479: 6306: 6237: 6193: 6079: 5939: 3979: 3971: 3351: 2591: 2532: 2514: 2480:

persisted. In the 17th century when the Ahom kingdom expanded to include erstwhile

2473: 2376: 2335: 2309: 2222: 2129: 2017: 1862:, was identified as a descendant of a past king and installed on the throne by the 1507: 606: 543: 516: 196: 186: 5763: 3209:

served under the Borphukan, administered Kajalimukh and maintained relations with

3117:

Members of the royal families who occupy lower positions are given regions called

7847: 7842: 7695: 7618: 7458: 7426: 7413: 7393: 7283: 7273: 7265: 7169: 7060: 7032: 7022: 6984: 6921: 6911: 6739: 6602: 6434: 6338: 6060: 5967: 5901: 5799:(MPhil). Dept. of Bengali, Karimganj College, Karimganj, Assam, India. p. 91 4138: 3975: 3967: 3959: 3866: 3503: 3427: 3415: 3405: 3266: 3210: 3182: 2587: 2349: 2320: 2314: 2255: 2196: 2137: 1924: 1891: 1815: 1811: 1563: 1547: 1450: 1437: 1411: 315: 220: 6070:

Gohain, Hiren (1974). "Origins of the Assamese Middle Class: Reply to Comment".

3438:(established and preserved) which determined their relationship with the Ahoms. 2488:

areas, it came into contact with their revenue systems and adapted accordingly.

2387:

who was the most influential noble in the Ahom court, had caused the burning of

7899: 7878: 7873: 7852: 7603: 7540: 7520: 7441: 7353: 7261: 7122: 6964: 6891: 6749: 6744: 6729: 6724: 6701: 6621: 6506: 4054: 3930:

are credited to the Ahom kings. Notable temples from the Ahom period includes–

3835: 3558: 3431: 3410: 3304: 3256: 3242: 3172: 2937: 2849: 2824: 2813: 2392: 2372: 2343: 2251: 2013: 1961: 1954: 1949: 1916: 1903: 1834: 1830: 1719: 1715: 1710: 1638: 771: 753: 748: 710: 705: 700: 667: 639: 634: 557: 530: 418: 6327:

Technology, Production and Social Formation in the Evolution of the Ahom State

5944: 3877: 3502:

and was pushed on vigorously, but it was not completed until after his death.

2570:(1769–1805) when more than half of the population fell off. Again, during the 2448: 7970: 7952: 7939: 7569: 7483: 7473: 7451: 6408: 6370: 6172: 6130: 5462:"Coinage and Currency of the Ahoms and Jaintiapur: Some Reflections on Trade" 3996: 3786: 3778: 3770: 3392: 3098: 3001: 2975: 2971: 2886: 2874: 2575: 2485: 2175: 2140:

on the south. Thus, the Ahom state attained the greatest territorial zenith.

2133: 2043: 1989: 1802:

people were ceremonially adopted into different Ahom clans, a process called

1787: 1698: 1543: 1372: 644: 177: 150: 139: 1833:

that turned into a conflict, and the other was a marriage alliance with the

7478: 7468: 7328: 7132: 7127: 7102: 7052: 6822: 6764: 6696: 6334: 4039: 3947: 3903: 3774: 3736: 3507: 3454:, reorganized in 1608 by Momai Tamuli Barbarua. Every common subject was a 3451: 3378: 3365: 3359: 3308: 3065:

Barua was the physician to the royal family, Hati Barua, Ghora Barua, etc.

2988:(Council of Ministers). From the time of Supimphaa (1492–1497), one of the 2967: 2829: 2523: 2498: 2240: 2148: 2097: 2071:(viceroy of territories acquired from the Koches and the Mughals), and the 1965: 1658: 1542:) that retained its independence for nearly 600 years despite encountering 1307: 933: 866: 720: 482: 303: 247: 230: 6117:

Baruah, S. L. (1977). "Ahom Policy Towards the Neighbouring Hill Tribes".

2330:), nothing of importance is recorded during his reign. He had erected the 2250:), under whom the Kingdom attained its zenith. He subdued the kingdoms of 7857: 7555: 7550: 7463: 7431: 7363: 7097: 6208:

State formation in Early Medieval Assam:A case study of the Chutiya state

6038:

Historical geography of Darrangi kingdom in the medieval period 1600–1826

4354: 4074: 3915: 3887: 3782: 3741: 3447: 2947: 2924: 2908: 2841: 2502: 2477: 2457: 2443: 2421: 2415: 2380: 2304: 2289: 2282: 2160: 2156: 2113: 2054: 2016:

river they began to see themselves as the rightful heir of the erstwhile

1944: 1920: 1881: 1803: 1763: 1736: 1706: 1689: 1680: 1668: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1555: 1385: 1138: 1125: 996: 946: 725: 291: 237: 216: 6483: 6416: 6378: 6180: 6138: 5953: 5927: 5477: 5461: 4069: 3080:

Members of the royal families ruled certain areas, and they were called

2832:

receiving the kings of the Dimasa and the Jaintia kingdoms in his court.

2317:

was set up on the throne setting aside the claims of Siva Singha's son.

7645: 7338: 7236: 7194: 6759: 6691: 6318: 6241: 6197: 6091: 6022:"Medieval Northeast India: Polity, Society and Economy, 1200–1750 A.D." 3584: 3506:

was next surveyed, and the settlement which followed was supervised by

3328: 2974:

communities, while the Borphukan of lower Assam was appointed from the

2933: 2259: 2125: 2112:, when the Ahoms were able to push the Mughals back to the west of the 1930: 1845: 1807: 1575: 1424: 1398: 1359: 1242: 1216: 1203: 1190: 1164: 1112: 1099: 1047: 1034: 1021: 353: 279: 5719: 4224: 2303:. Therefore, he transferred the royal umbrella and throne to his wife 1953:

significant loss to itself) and pursue the retreating invaders to the

874: 56: 7700: 7685: 7655: 7560: 7545: 7535: 7189: 6686: 5771:(PhD). The School of Oriental and African Studies London. p. 115 4980: 4963: 3911: 3907: 3790: 3745: 3727: 3712: 3592: 3588: 3562: 3494: 3232: 3196: 3093: 3046: 3021: 2955: 2912: 2869: 2857: 2845: 2837: 2481: 2476:

in the 17th century, though the system of personal service under the

2331: 2144: 2093: 2068: 2009: 1771: 1759: 1646: 1346: 1333: 1320: 1294: 1281: 1268: 1255: 1151: 1086: 1073: 1060: 920: 907: 233: 85: 6310: 6083: 2277: 1975:

Ahom expansion in the Brahmaputra Valley and the change of polities.

7812: 7749: 7715: 7675: 7670: 7665: 7608: 7598: 7530: 7373: 7368: 7303: 7240: 7216: 6719: 4979:"During this period, Hinduism gained further grounds...This act of 4530:"Gadadhar Singha lent towards Saktism and persecuted the Vaishnava 4084: 3869:

in 1746. It one of the earliest pavilion in the Indian subcontinent

3831: 3708: 3576: 3499: 3374: 3355: 3276: 3041: 3017: 2951: 2904: 2894: 2882: 2853: 2271: 2072: 1822: 1810:, the kingdom made large territorial expansions at the cost of the 1702: 1684: 1676: 1664: 1559: 1551: 971: 894: 662: 340: 267: 240: 190: 182: 102: 72: 2079:

to five, along with other smaller offices. The practices of using

1996:, named after a Chutia office; and the creation of the offices of 7822: 7705: 7640: 7593: 7525: 7515: 7323: 7308: 7206: 7137: 6458:, vol. III, Guwahati: Assam Publication Board, pp. 1–86 6390:, vol. II, Guwahati: Assam Publication Board, pp. 49–60 4103: 3935: 3862: 3856: 3765: 3580: 3533:

meaning (paper carefully preserved inside of wooden boxes called

3370: 3200: 3138:

s were princes of an even lesser grade, of which there were two:

2388: 2263: 2053:), primarily to meet the sustained attacks from the Mughals. The 1779: 1728: 1177: 794: 586: 211: 5793:

A Study into the Ahom System of Government during Medieval Assam

3354:

and were the descendants of Sundar Narayan, a great-grandson of

2375:

made an appeal to the Ahom king to recover his country from the

1762:

in 1253. He established the offices of the Dangarias— the

614: 7807: 7710: 7690: 7680: 7650: 7613: 7383: 7348: 7226: 7112: 6554: 5972:, Department of Archaeology and Assam State Museum, p. 104 4143:, Department of Archaeology and Assam State Museum, p. 104 4064: 3315:

Lesser governors were called Rajkhowas, and some of them were:

3300: 3252: 3192: 3168: 2590:(1751-1769). According to the population estimates computed by 2550: 2465: 2461: 2434:

in 1826, the control of the kingdom passed into British hands.

2430:

kingdom fell to repeated Burmese attacks and finally after the

2211: 1872: 1859: 1732: 1672: 1571: 1229: 672: 116: 97: 6467:, Tokyo: Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, pp. 237–257 6286:

Medieval and Early Colonial Assam: Society, Polity and Economy

3225:

administered the region of Banruk (part of Sibsagar district).

2363:

by setting aside the claims of seniority of his elder brother

2167:, which remained the same till the annexation by the British. 7660: 7582: 7577: 7506: 7221: 6540: 5447:

N.G Rodhes and S.K. Bose, 'The coinage of Assam' Vol ll, 2004

4019: 3927: 3515: 2527: 2519: 1642: 1567: 1539: 1519: 1513: 582: 201: 6465:

Clustering and Connections in Pre-Modern South Asian Society

3926:

A large number of temple constructions in the late medieval

2124:

In 1657, owing to the 'War of succession' among the sons of

7378: 7179: 6065:, Department of Historical and Antiquarian Studies in Assam 5506:

Baruah, S. L. (1993), Last Days of Ahom Monarchy, New Delhi

5492:

Baruah, S. L. (1993), Last Days of Ahom Monarchy, New Delhi

4554:"(Phuleshwari Bor-Raja) summoned the Sudra Mahantas to the 3830:

rose from a bondsman through the ranks to become the first

3678:

was the officer in charge of the manufacture of gunpowder.

3596: 3057:, the Dihingia Phukan, Nek Phukan and two Chutiya Phukans. 1754:

Sukaphaa (1228–1268) spent a couple of decades moving from

5724: 5722: 4229: 4227: 3474:

rendered direct service to the king, as the others in his

2966:

viceroy in the west. Borbaruas were mostly from different

5419:

Guha, The Decline of the Ahom kingdom of Assam: 1765–1826

3219:

administered the region of Khamjang (part of Naga hills).

3195:

and a portion of Chariduar after the headquarters of the

1735:

Mahantas and their laity that began during the reign of

6436:

Fragmented Memories: Struggling to be Tai-Ahom in India

5928:"Recreating the Past: Revivalism in Northeastern India" 4597:

Charaideo in the Sanskritised version of the Ahom name

3890:. It is the tallest monument built during the Ahom era. 3259:

in 1524. Later Borpatrogohain was created in its place.

2897:

from a different line or even depose an enthroned one.

2000:(territories acquired from the Chutia kingdom) and the 1910: 5969:

Bulletin of the Assam State Museum, Gauhati Issues 5-6

4140:

Bulletin of the Assam State Museum, Gauhati Issues 5-6

3040:

at the capital. Six of them formed the council of the

2062: 6101:

Political life in Assam during the nineteenth century

1649:(Nara) till the end of its rule in the 19th century. 4879:"Ahoms also gave Assam and its language their name ( 3773:

ethnic group, whereas the Borbaruas belonged to the

2907:

had two great Gohains to aid him in administration:

4328: 4326: 3801: 3498:Behar and Bengal for the work. It was commenced in 3171:region that was acquired after the conquest of the 3126: 2178:went back in the hands of Mughals for a few years. 1522: 1516: 1510: 5965: 5586: 4136: 1758:establishing colonies and finally settled down in 4895:, probably from a Burmese corruption of the word 4263: 3730:(1281–1293), the third Ahom king, delineated the 2655:Year wise estimated population of medieval Assam 2181: 1746: 16:Kingdom in the Brahmaputra Valley in Assam, India 7968: 6259:The History of the system of Ahom administration 4755:"Sukapha and his men called their small kingdom 4323: 3342:The dependent kings or vassals were also called 2881:), who had to be a descendant of the first king 2270:) but later in his life he got inclined towards 5783: 5077: 5075: 4353:"In his letter, the Mong Kwang ruler requested 3748:families, and four priestly lineages—the 2057:was reorganized in 1609 under the professional 1960:In 1536, after the series of contacts with the 441:41,957.807 km (16,200.000 sq mi) 5627: 5625: 5329: 4247:Campbell, Lawrence Dundas; Samuel, E. (1807). 4246: 3734:("Ahom of the seven houses") aristocracy: the 2862: 1743:and ultimately to the eclipse of the kingdom. 1663:The Ahom kingdom was established in 1228 when 7765: 6514: 5669: 5667: 5387:"Numali Borgohain wrote a chronicle entitled 4613: 4611: 4550: 4548: 2867:The Ahom kingdom was ruled by a king, called 2338:temples in North–Guwahati. During his reign, 2023: 1858:), born and raised in a Brahmin household in 1477: 844: 5932:Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 5757: 5755: 5753: 5751: 5266: 5264: 5072: 4270:. Concept Publishing Company. pp. 65–. 3886:, built by Bar raja Ambika, consont of king 3603:(group of four paiks), and further under a 1594:in 1826, control of the kingdom passed into 6227: 5713: 5687: 5622: 4887:'Assam' come from an attested earlier form 3818:rendered manual labor. The lowest were the 3101:on the right bank of the Burhidihing river. 1586:. With the defeat of the Burmese after the 7997:States and territories established in 1228 7772: 7758: 6521: 6507: 6401:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress 6359:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress 6204: 6187: 6161:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress 6148:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress 6119:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress 6050:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 6011:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5664: 5466:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress 4924:when the king assumed the Hindu titles of 4608: 4566:. More than others, the powerful Mayamara 4545: 4518: 4384: 4341: 4119: 4117: 3701: 3575:The Ahom military department consisted of 3541:were not durable, copper plates called as 3053:, Deka Phukan who commanded four thousand 2268:the most influential Brahmana Sattradhikar 1484: 1470: 851: 837: 6397:A Few Aspects of the Ahom Military System 6035: 5943: 5846:Comprehensive history of Assam, SL Baruah 5765:The History of Mediaeval Assam, 1228–1603 5748: 5580: 5433:Comprehensive history of Assam, SL Baruah 5261: 4257: 2334:with masonry and built the Sukreswar and 1701:. Whereas the earlier state formations ( 1641:after 1838 and later the Indian state of 6098: 5761: 4425:(ed), H.C.Goswami, Guwahati, 1977, p10; 4218: 3566: 3060:The superintending officers were called 2823: 2447: 2276: 2216: 1970: 6475:Tai ahom religion a philosophical study 6252:, Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi 5925: 5762:Acharyya, Nagendra Nath (1 June 1957). 4114: 3902:The metropolis at Rangpur contains the 3806:was the gentry that was freed from the 3303:and Mohong (Naga hills) conquered from 2437: 1637:in later times. The British-controlled 8002:Medieval empires and kingdoms of India 7969: 7399:Joymati, first Assamese motion picture 6453: 6432: 6423: 6385: 6356: 6333: 6324: 6192:(PhD). North-Eastern Hill University. 6158: 6116: 6069: 6058: 5996: 5987: 5899: 5887: 5819:Baruah, Comprehensive History of Assam 5558: 5392: 5349: 5336: 5194: 5082: 5066: 5053: 5027: 4984: 4967: 4933: 4904: 4829: 4803: 4791: 4778: 4760: 4743: 4730: 4704: 4660: 4643: 4602: 4572: 4539: 4505: 4468: 4401: 4358: 4317: 4192: 4180: 4167: 3466:. At any time of the year, one of the 3446:The Ahom kingdom was dependent on the 2819: 7753: 6502: 6471: 6274: 6268:Continuity and Change among the Ahoms 6265: 6256: 6247: 6218: 5832: 5789: 5742: 5700: 5674: 5658: 5645: 5632: 5605: 5532: 5519: 5459: 5405: 5375: 5362: 5242: 4442: 4371: 4291: 2984:: The five positions constituted the 2472:. The first coins were introduced by 2012:pursued the invaders and reached the 1786:(a kingdom with records) just as the 1705:) borrowed political structures from 354:Re-organization under King Suhungmung 8017:13th-century establishments in India 7779: 6462: 6292: 6283: 6145: 6019: 5592: 5545: 5323: 5310: 5297: 5284: 5271: 5255: 5220: 5207: 5181: 5168: 5147: 5134: 5121: 5108: 5095: 5040: 5014: 4997: 4950: 4867: 4854: 4842: 4816: 4717: 4691: 4673: 4630: 4617: 4585: 4493: 4481: 4455: 4304: 4267:Continuity and Change Among the Ahom 4234: 4205: 4154: 4124: 3722: 2893:) could elect another descendant of 2889:but occasionally the great Gohains ( 2061:system, replacing the kinship-based 1911:Full state and expansion (1510–1609) 1840: 1582:, and subsequently fell to repeated 6394: 6270:, Concept Publishing Company, Delhi 6062:Anglo-Assamese Relations, 1771–1826 5729: 3149:Royal ladies were given individual 3036:sat at Guwahati and the Borbarua's 2513:Due to trade with Tibet, a coin of 2508: 2119: 1964:, the Ahom rule extended up to the 13: 7294:List of Assamese writers Pen Names 6456:The Comprehensive History of Assam 6403:. Vol. 40. pp. 552–556. 6388:The Comprehensive History of Assam 4013: 3167:based in Sadiya, administered the 3011: 2456:The Ahom kingdom was based on the 2159:. The western border was fixed at 2108:which lasted the till 1682 in the 2104:which marked the beginning of the 55: 14: 8028: 6755:Legislative Assembly (Since 1937) 6329:, Regency Publications, New Delhi 6250:Agrarian system of medieval Assam 6236:, North-Eastern Hill University, 5903:Studies in Ancient Indian History 4106:officially converted to Hinduism. 3666:, and the elephant commander was 3441: 3350:Darrang Raja ruled the later-day 3097:, administered the tracts around 2132:extended his authority, occupied 2087: 1671:valley having crossed the rugged 7921: 7920: 7821: 6665:Institutions of higher education 6530: 6293:Guha, Amalendu (December 1983), 6288:, K.P. Bagchi & Co, Calcutta 5990:A Comprehensive History of Assam 5959: 5919: 5893: 5880: 5866: 5852: 5838: 5825: 5811: 5790:Mohan, Dipankar (October 2017). 5735: 5706: 5693: 5680: 5651: 5638: 5611: 5598: 3876: 3855: 1506: 873: 613: 562: 548: 523: 509: 41: 8012:1826 disestablishments in India 6612:Dipterocarpus retusus (Hollong) 6223:, Allahabad: Chugh Publications 6099:Hazarika, Bijay Bhusan (1987), 5573: 5564: 5551: 5538: 5525: 5512: 5498: 5484: 5453: 5439: 5425: 5411: 5398: 5381: 5368: 5355: 5342: 5316: 5303: 5290: 5277: 5248: 5235: 5226: 5213: 5200: 5187: 5174: 5153: 5140: 5127: 5114: 5101: 5088: 5059: 5046: 5033: 5020: 5003: 4990: 4973: 4956: 4939: 4910: 4873: 4860: 4848: 4835: 4822: 4809: 4797: 4784: 4766: 4749: 4736: 4723: 4710: 4697: 4679: 4666: 4649: 4636: 4623: 4591: 4578: 4524: 4511: 4499: 4487: 4474: 4461: 4448: 4407: 4390: 4377: 4364: 4347: 4310: 4297: 4284: 4240: 3938:, Gaurisagar group of temples, 3897: 3793:) oracles became a part of the 2807: 2556: 2397: 2359:), he was put on the throne by 2354: 2325: 2294: 2285:riding elephant with attendants 2245: 2201: 2048: 1948:of the royalty of the advanced 1938: 1853: 1617:initially called their kingdom 7304:The Arunodoi (Orunodoi - 1846) 6424:Sharma, Benudhar, ed. (1972), 6343:, Cambridge University Press, 6279:, Gauhati University, Guwahati 4211: 4198: 4186: 4173: 4160: 4147: 4130: 4096: 3489: 2885:. Succession was generally by 2221:King Siva Singha and Bar–Raja 2182:Tungkhungia regime (1682–1826) 1879:to "Assam", a derivative from 48:Ngi-ngao-kham (Royal insignia) 1: 6472:Gogoi, Shrutashwinee (2011). 5980: 4962:"In 1490 during the reign of 3810:and paid only money-tax. The 3684:Mir Jumla's invasion of Assam 3191:administered a great part of 2561: 7910:December 2014 Assam violence 7299:List of Assamese Periodicals 6750:Assam Province (1912 – 1947) 6277:The Tai and the Tai kingdoms 6228:Burhagohain, Romesh (1988), 6221:The Mataks and their Kingdom 6036:Chaudhury, Sarojini (1997). 4777:not be to our advantage.'" ( 3802: 3707:him on the complainant. The 3127: 3075: 2452:Silver rupee of Rudra Singha 1683:, earlier the domain of the 1667:, a Tai prince, entered the 28:অসম ৰাজ্য {Kingdom of Assam} 7: 8007:1228 establishments in Asia 6266:Gogoi, Nitul Kumar (2006), 6205:Buragohain, Ramesh (2013). 6188:Buragohain, Romesh (1988). 5966:Assam State Museum (1985), 4137:Assam State Museum (1985), 4033: 4002: 3982:etc including many others. 3609: 3552: 3299:based in the salt mines of 3275:administered the region of 3251:administered the region of 3231:administered the region of 3091:, the heir apparent to the 2863:Swargadeo and Patra Mantris 2405: 2063: 1988:), though nothing like the 1731:and the persecution of the 10: 8033: 7895:Assam separatist movements 7103:Barak Valley (South Assam) 6603:Foxtail Orchids (Kopouful) 6275:Gogoi, Padmeshwar (1968), 6219:Dutta, Sristidhar (1985), 5999:Last Days of Ahom Monarchy 5570:Naoboicha Phukanar Buranji 5460:Kalsi, Sukhwinder (2005). 4264:Nitul Kumar Gogoi (2006). 4006: 3932:Sivasagar group of temples 3921: 3841: 3556: 3337: 3157:given to the chief queen. 2835: 2441: 2409: 2185: 2027: 2024:Maturing state (1609–1682) 1914: 1656: 1652: 1584:Burmese invasions of Assam 7992:Former monarchies of Asia 7918: 7887: 7866: 7830: 7819: 7800: 7792:Timeline of Assam History 7787: 7724: 7633: 7499: 7491:List of people from Assam 7412: 7404:Guwahati Theatre Festival 7319:Assam Rhetorical Congress 7251: 7150: 7140:The Hill station of Assam 7083: 7051: 6993: 6950: 6882: 6849: 6836: 6783: 6710: 6620: 6562: 6547: 6439:. Duke University Press. 6261:, Punthi Pustak, Calcutta 6103:, Gian Publishing House, 5945:10.1163/22134379-90003014 4025: 3936:Jaysagar group of temples 3764:. These lines maintained 2543: 2262:of eastern India against 1630: 1626: 1530:, 1228–1826) was a 578: 488: 478: 474: 464: 454: 450: 445: 437: 432: 428: 415: 406:Burmese invasion of Assam 402: 389: 376: 363: 350: 337: 333: 325: 321: 309: 297: 285: 273: 261: 257: 246: 226: 210: 170: 163:And other native language 127: 78: 68: 54: 38: 33: 23: 7098:Lower-Assam (West Assam) 7093:Upper-Assam (East Assam) 6325:Kakoty, Sanjeeb (2003), 4571:of the Ahom monarchy." ( 4253:. J. Debrett, Picadilly. 4090: 4080:Singarigharutha ceremony 4050:Treaty of Ghilajharighat 3985: 3944:Negheriting shiva temple 2491: 2369:an expedition to Manipur 6942:South Salmara Mankachar 6818:Human rights Commission 6433:Saikia, Yasmin (2004). 6284:Guha, Amalendu (1991), 6248:Gogoi, Jahnabi (2002), 6020:Guha, Amalendu (1978). 5926:Terwiel, B. J. (1996), 4930:Rajrajeswar Chakraborty 4903:: Kakati 1962; 1–4)." ( 3702:Judicial administration 2970:, Kachari, Chiring and 1588:First Anglo-Burmese War 63:The Ahom Kingdom, 1826. 6775:Assam History Timeline 6428:, Gauhati: Assam Jyoti 6025:CSSSC Occasional Paper 5997:Baruah, S. L. (1993), 5992:, Munshiram Manoharlal 5874:Biswas, S. S, Sibsagar 3572: 3107:is the second in line. 2996:(Prime Minister, also 2936:added a third Gohain, 2833: 2464:labor that is neither 2453: 2385:Kirti Chandra Borbarua 2361:Kirti Chandra Borbarua 2340:Kirti Chandra Borbarua 2286: 2231:Tungkhungia Ahom kings 2226: 1976: 1609:. The identity of the 419:Britain seizes control 339:• Established by 60: 7953:26.93306°N 94.74806°E 6395:Sen, Debasis (1979). 6059:Bhuyan, S.K. (1949), 6040:. Gauhati University. 5938:(2), JSTOR: 275–292, 5906:, Sundeep Prakashan, 5900:Sircar, D.C. (1988), 5860:Biswas, S.S, Sibsagar 5389:Chakari–pheti Buranji 4336:after their new name 4045:Ahom–Mughal conflicts 3828:Momai Tamuli Borborua 3570: 2827: 2451: 2280: 2220: 2106:Ahom–Mughal conflicts 2034:Ahom-Mughal conflicts 1974: 790:Kamarupa inscriptions 380:Ahom–Mughal conflicts 128:Common languages 59: 7232:Textiles and dresses 7185:Folk dances of Assam 6975:Karbi Anglong (West) 6798:Legislative Assembly 6340:Indo-Aryan Languages 6257:Gogoi, Lila (1991), 5988:Baruah, S L (1986), 3952:Manikarneswar temple 3571:Weapons of Ahom era. 3207:Kajalimukhiya Gohain 3179:Marangi khowa Gohain 3113:is the third in line 2581:paikar piyalar kakat 2438:Ahom economic system 2243:alias Sukhrungphaa ( 1675:mountain range from 630:Pragjyotisha kingdom 7949: / 7905:2012 Assam violence 7729:Fairs and Festivals 7344:Saptakanda Ramayana 7279:Assamese literature 7118:Mora Dhansiri River 6770:Golaghat Convention 6426:An Account of Assam 4508:, pp. 223–224) 4423:Purani Asam Buranji 4060:Koch–Ahom conflicts 3956:Dirgheshwari temple 3199:was transferred to 3165:Sadiya Khowa Gohain 3121:s, and were called 2950:added two offices, 2820:Ahom administration 2656: 2598: 2346:. He died in 1751. 2172:Battle of Saraighat 2153:Battle of Saraighat 2038:Battle of Saraighat 2030:Koch-Ahom relations 2002:Marangikhowa Gohain 367:Koch-Ahom conflicts 7958:26.93306; 94.74806 7888:Contemporary Assam 7563:and its variations 7509:and its variations 7359:Goalpariya Lokgeet 7175:Traditional crafts 6672:Physical geography 6640:Brahmaputra Valley 3719:with sticks, etc. 3676:Kharghariya Phukan 3573: 3255:acquired from the 3229:Tungkhungia Gohain 3032:. The Borphukan's 2834: 2654: 2597: 2568:Moamoria rebellion 2454: 2427:Moamoria rebellion 2412:Moamoria rebellion 2395:alias Sunyeophaa ( 2377:Burmese occupation 2352:alias Supremphaa ( 2301:Chatra–bhanga–yoga 2287: 2235:Moamoria rebellion 2227: 2192:Moamoria rebellion 2188:Battle of Itakhuli 2165:Battle of Itakhuli 2110:Battle of Itakhuli 2102:Battle of Samdhara 1998:Sadiyakhowa Gohain 1977: 1748:Mong Dun Shun Kham 1741:Moamoria rebellion 1619:Mong Dun Shun Kham 1596:East India Company 1580:Moamoria rebellion 1536:Brahmaputra Valley 884:List of Ahom kings 731:Moamoria rebellion 393:Moamaria rebellion 61: 7982:Kingdoms of Assam 7932: 7931: 7747: 7746: 7314:The Assam Tribune 7165:Assamese alphabet 7160:Assamese language 7108:Brahmaputra River 7079: 7078: 6594:White-winged duck 6585:Indian rhinoceros 6576:O Mur Apunar Desh 4918:Singari-ghar-utha 4857:, pp. 18–19) 4757:Mung-dun-sun-kham 4496:, pp. 10–12) 4277:978-81-8069-281-9 4009:Painting of Assam 3940:Rudrasagar temple 3914:and in Garhgoan, 3884:Sivasagar Sivadol 3849:Ahom architecture 3781:groups. Later on 3723:Classes of people 3660: 3659: 3273:Kaliaboria Gohain 3217:Khamjangia Gohain 2805: 2804: 2652: 2651: 2614:Total Population 2432:Treaty of Yandabo 2323:alias Sunenphaa ( 2292:alias Sutanphaa ( 2208:Battle of Itakhul 1877:Mong-Dun-Sun-Kham 1841:Assam (1401–1510) 1827:Mong Dun Sun Kham 1725:Tungkhungia kings 1592:Treaty of Yandabo 1570:), it began as a 1550:. Established by 1494: 1493: 1459: 1458: 861: 860: 678:Mlechchha dynasty 645:Sonitpura kingdom 592: 591: 574: 573: 570: 569: 536: 535: 311:• 1833–1838 299:• 1696–1714 287:• 1603–1641 275:• 1497–1539 263:• 1228–1268 159:dynastic language 8024: 7964: 7963: 7961: 7960: 7959: 7954: 7950: 7947: 7946: 7945: 7942: 7924: 7923: 7825: 7781:History of Assam 7774: 7767: 7760: 7751: 7750: 7500:Notable surnames 7202:Ekasarana Dharma 6847: 6846: 6535: 6534: 6533: 6523: 6516: 6509: 6500: 6499: 6494: 6492: 6490: 6468: 6459: 6450: 6429: 6420: 6391: 6382: 6353: 6335:Masica, Colin P. 6330: 6321: 6299:Social Scientist 6289: 6280: 6271: 6262: 6253: 6244: 6224: 6215: 6213: 6201: 6184: 6155: 6142: 6113: 6095: 6078:(67–71): 67–71. 6072:Social Scientist 6066: 6055: 6049: 6041: 6032: 6016: 6010: 6002: 5993: 5974: 5973: 5963: 5957: 5956: 5947: 5923: 5917: 5916: 5897: 5891: 5884: 5878: 5877: 5876:. pp. 77–8. 5870: 5864: 5863: 5856: 5850: 5849: 5842: 5836: 5829: 5823: 5822: 5815: 5809: 5808: 5806: 5804: 5798: 5787: 5781: 5780: 5778: 5776: 5770: 5759: 5746: 5739: 5733: 5726: 5717: 5714:Burhagohain 1988 5710: 5704: 5697: 5691: 5688:Burhagohain 1988 5684: 5678: 5671: 5662: 5655: 5649: 5642: 5636: 5629: 5620: 5615: 5609: 5602: 5596: 5590: 5584: 5577: 5571: 5568: 5562: 5555: 5549: 5542: 5536: 5529: 5523: 5516: 5510: 5509: 5502: 5496: 5495: 5488: 5482: 5481: 5457: 5451: 5450: 5449:. pp. 9–10. 5443: 5437: 5436: 5429: 5423: 5422: 5415: 5409: 5402: 5396: 5385: 5379: 5372: 5366: 5359: 5353: 5346: 5340: 5333: 5327: 5320: 5314: 5307: 5301: 5294: 5288: 5281: 5275: 5268: 5259: 5258::24), and notes. 5252: 5246: 5239: 5233: 5230: 5224: 5217: 5211: 5204: 5198: 5191: 5185: 5178: 5172: 5157: 5151: 5144: 5138: 5131: 5125: 5118: 5112: 5105: 5099: 5092: 5086: 5079: 5070: 5063: 5057: 5050: 5044: 5037: 5031: 5024: 5018: 5007: 5001: 4994: 4988: 4977: 4971: 4960: 4954: 4943: 4937: 4914: 4908: 4877: 4871: 4864: 4858: 4852: 4846: 4839: 4833: 4826: 4820: 4813: 4807: 4801: 4795: 4788: 4782: 4770: 4764: 4753: 4747: 4740: 4734: 4727: 4721: 4714: 4708: 4701: 4695: 4683: 4677: 4670: 4664: 4653: 4647: 4640: 4634: 4627: 4621: 4615: 4606: 4595: 4589: 4582: 4576: 4552: 4543: 4528: 4522: 4515: 4509: 4503: 4497: 4491: 4485: 4478: 4472: 4465: 4459: 4452: 4446: 4411: 4405: 4394: 4388: 4381: 4375: 4368: 4362: 4355:Kamaleswarsingha 4351: 4345: 4330: 4321: 4314: 4308: 4301: 4295: 4288: 4282: 4281: 4261: 4255: 4254: 4244: 4238: 4231: 4222: 4215: 4209: 4202: 4196: 4190: 4184: 4177: 4171: 4164: 4158: 4151: 4145: 4144: 4134: 4128: 4121: 4107: 4100: 3980:Rudreswar temple 3972:Sukreswar temple 3880: 3865:, built by king 3859: 3805: 3769:belonged to the 3692:Naosaliya Phukan 3688:Naobaicha Phukan 3616:Number of Paiks 3610: 3523:Darabdhara Barua 3436:thapita sanchita 3352:Darrang district 3249:Bhatialia Gohain 3239:Banlungia Gohain 3144:Sarumelia Gohain 3140:Majumelia Gohain 3136:Meldangia Gohain 3130: 2657: 2653: 2605:Slaves/Bondsmen 2599: 2596: 2592:Gunabhiram Barua 2533:Jayadhwaj Singha 2515:Jayadhwaj Singha 2509:Trade with Tibet 2474:Jayadhwaj Singha 2401: 2400: 1769–1780 2399: 2358: 2357: 1751–1759 2356: 2329: 2328: 1744–1751 2327: 2298: 2297: 1714–1744 2296: 2249: 2248: 1696–1714 2247: 2205: 2204: 1682–1696 2203: 2130:Jayadhwaj Singha 2120:Mughal relations 2066: 2052: 2051: 1603–1641 2050: 2018:Kamarupa kingdom 1942: 1941: 1497–1539 1940: 1857: 1856: 1397–1407 1855: 1632: 1628: 1529: 1528: 1525: 1524: 1521: 1518: 1515: 1512: 1502:Kingdom of Assam 1486: 1479: 1472: 888: 887: 877: 863: 862: 853: 846: 839: 663:Kamarupa kingdom 617: 607:History of Assam 594: 593: 566: 565: 552: 551: 544:Konbaung dynasty 540: 539: 527: 526: 517:Kamarupa Kingdom 513: 512: 506: 505: 490: 489: 197:Tribal religions 187:Ekasarana Dharma 45: 25:Kingdom of Assam 21: 20: 8032: 8031: 8027: 8026: 8025: 8023: 8022: 8021: 7967: 7966: 7957: 7955: 7951: 7948: 7943: 7940: 7938: 7936: 7935: 7933: 7928: 7914: 7883: 7862: 7848:Kachari Kingdom 7843:Chutiya Kingdom 7826: 7817: 7796: 7783: 7778: 7748: 7743: 7720: 7696:North Lakhimpur 7629: 7495: 7459:Tribes of Assam 7427:Assamese people 7408: 7284:Assamese poetry 7260: 7247: 7146: 7075: 7047: 6989: 6946: 6878: 6832: 6828:Political Party 6803:Chief Ministers 6779: 6740:Kachari Kingdom 6706: 6616: 6558: 6543: 6531: 6529: 6527: 6497: 6488: 6486: 6447: 6351: 6311:10.2307/3516963 6211: 6111: 6084:10.2307/3516480 6043: 6042: 6004: 6003: 5983: 5978: 5977: 5964: 5960: 5924: 5920: 5914: 5898: 5894: 5885: 5881: 5872: 5871: 5867: 5858: 5857: 5853: 5844: 5843: 5839: 5830: 5826: 5817: 5816: 5812: 5802: 5800: 5796: 5788: 5784: 5774: 5772: 5768: 5760: 5749: 5740: 5736: 5727: 5720: 5711: 5707: 5698: 5694: 5685: 5681: 5672: 5665: 5656: 5652: 5643: 5639: 5630: 5623: 5616: 5612: 5603: 5599: 5591: 5587: 5578: 5574: 5569: 5565: 5556: 5552: 5543: 5539: 5530: 5526: 5517: 5513: 5504: 5503: 5499: 5490: 5489: 5485: 5458: 5454: 5445: 5444: 5440: 5431: 5430: 5426: 5417: 5416: 5412: 5403: 5399: 5386: 5382: 5373: 5369: 5360: 5356: 5347: 5343: 5334: 5330: 5321: 5317: 5308: 5304: 5295: 5291: 5282: 5278: 5269: 5262: 5253: 5249: 5240: 5236: 5231: 5227: 5218: 5214: 5205: 5201: 5192: 5188: 5179: 5175: 5158: 5154: 5145: 5141: 5132: 5128: 5119: 5115: 5106: 5102: 5093: 5089: 5080: 5073: 5064: 5060: 5051: 5047: 5038: 5034: 5025: 5021: 5008: 5004: 4995: 4991: 4978: 4974: 4961: 4957: 4944: 4940: 4915: 4911: 4883:and the modern 4878: 4874: 4865: 4861: 4853: 4849: 4840: 4836: 4827: 4823: 4814: 4810: 4802: 4798: 4789: 4785: 4771: 4767: 4754: 4750: 4741: 4737: 4728: 4724: 4715: 4711: 4702: 4698: 4684: 4680: 4671: 4667: 4654: 4650: 4641: 4637: 4628: 4624: 4616: 4609: 4596: 4592: 4583: 4579: 4553: 4546: 4529: 4525: 4519:Buragohain 1988 4516: 4512: 4504: 4500: 4492: 4488: 4479: 4475: 4466: 4462: 4453: 4449: 4412: 4408: 4395: 4391: 4385:Buragohain 2013 4382: 4378: 4369: 4365: 4352: 4348: 4342:Buragohain 1988 4331: 4324: 4315: 4311: 4302: 4298: 4289: 4285: 4278: 4262: 4258: 4245: 4241: 4232: 4225: 4216: 4212: 4203: 4199: 4195:, pp. 6–7) 4191: 4187: 4178: 4174: 4165: 4161: 4152: 4148: 4135: 4131: 4122: 4115: 4110: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4036: 4028: 4016: 4014:Music and dance 4011: 4005: 3988: 3976:Umananda temple 3968:Basistha temple 3960:Hatimura temple 3948:Rangnath temple 3924: 3900: 3895: 3894: 3893: 3892: 3891: 3881: 3872: 3871: 3870: 3867:Pramatta Singha 3860: 3851: 3850: 3844: 3725: 3704: 3565: 3557:Main articles: 3555: 3492: 3444: 3416:Manipur Kingdom 3406:Jaintia Kingdom 3340: 3297:Mohongor Gohain 3293:Mohongia Gohain 3267:Chutiya kingdom 3263:Dihingia Gohain 3223:Banrukia Gohain 3183:Kachari kingdom 3078: 3014: 3012:Other officials 2865: 2860: 2836:Main articles: 2822: 2810: 2700: 2698: 2695: 2689: 2686: 2680: 2678: 2675: 2669: 2667: 2664: 2588:Rajeswar Singha 2564: 2559: 2546: 2511: 2494: 2446: 2440: 2418: 2410:Main articles: 2408: 2396: 2353: 2350:Rajeswar Singha 2324: 2321:Pramatta Singha 2315:Pramatta Singha 2293: 2244: 2200: 2197:Gadadhar Singha 2194: 2186:Main articles: 2184: 2122: 2090: 2047: 2040: 2028:Main articles: 2026: 1962:Kachari kingdom 1937: 1927: 1925:Kachari kingdom 1915:Main articles: 1913: 1892:singarigharutha 1852: 1843: 1768:Chao-Phrungmung 1752: 1727:veered towards 1711:Southeast Asian 1661: 1655: 1633:), but adopted 1564:Yunnan Province 1548:Northeast India 1534:kingdom in the 1509: 1505: 1490: 1461: 1460: 1455:1833–1838 1451:Purandar Singha 1442:1821–1822 1438:Jogeswar Singha 1429:1819–1821 1416:1818–1819 1412:Purandar Singha 1403:1811–1818 1390:1795–1811 1377:1780–1795 1364:1769–1780 1351:1751–1769 1338:1744–1751 1325:1714–1744 1312:1696–1714 1299:1681–1696 1286:1679–1681 1273:1677–1679 1260:1675–1677 1247:1675–1675 1234:1674–1675 1221:1672–1674 1208:1670–1672 1195:1663–1670 1182:1648–1663 1169:1644–1648 1156:1641–1644 1143:1603–1641 1130:1552–1603 1117:1539–1552 1104:1497–1539 1091:1493–1497 1078:1488–1493 1065:1439–1488 1052:1422–1439 1039:1407–1422 1026:1397–1407 1013:1389–1397 1001:1380–1389 988:1376–1380 976:1369–1376 963:1364–1369 951:1332–1364 938:1293–1332 925:1281–1293 912:1268–1281 899:1228–1268 885: 857: 828: 800: 799: 785: 777: 776: 767: 759: 758: 744: 736: 735: 696: 688: 687: 658: 650: 649: 625: 585: 563: 549: 524: 510: 467: 457: 421: 408: 395: 382: 369: 356: 343: 316:Purandar Singha 312: 300: 288: 276: 264: 206: 180: 166: 162: 123: 119: 112: 105: 93: 88: 64: 50: 49: 46: 29: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8030: 8020: 8019: 8014: 8009: 8004: 7999: 7994: 7989: 7984: 7979: 7930: 7929: 7919: 7916: 7915: 7913: 7912: 7907: 7902: 7900:Assam Movement 7897: 7891: 7889: 7885: 7884: 7882: 7881: 7879:Assam Province 7876: 7874:Colonial Assam 7870: 7868: 7867:Colonial Assam 7864: 7863: 7861: 7860: 7855: 7853:Kamata Kingdom 7850: 7845: 7840: 7834: 7832: 7831:Medieval Assam 7828: 7827: 7820: 7818: 7816: 7815: 7810: 7804: 7802: 7798: 7797: 7795: 7794: 7788: 7785: 7784: 7777: 7776: 7769: 7762: 7754: 7745: 7744: 7742: 7741: 7736: 7731: 7725: 7722: 7721: 7719: 7718: 7713: 7708: 7703: 7698: 7693: 7688: 7683: 7678: 7673: 7668: 7663: 7658: 7653: 7648: 7643: 7637: 7635: 7631: 7630: 7628: 7627: 7624: 7621: 7616: 7611: 7606: 7601: 7596: 7591: 7588: 7585: 7580: 7575: 7572: 7567: 7558: 7553: 7548: 7543: 7541:Borpatrogohain 7538: 7533: 7528: 7523: 7518: 7513: 7503: 7501: 7497: 7496: 7494: 7493: 7488: 7487: 7486: 7481: 7476: 7471: 7466: 7456: 7455: 7454: 7449: 7444: 7439: 7434: 7424: 7418: 7416: 7410: 7409: 7407: 7406: 7401: 7396: 7391: 7386: 7381: 7376: 7371: 7366: 7361: 7356: 7354:Music of Assam 7351: 7346: 7341: 7336: 7331: 7326: 7321: 7316: 7311: 7306: 7301: 7296: 7291: 7286: 7281: 7276: 7270: 7268: 7249: 7248: 7246: 7245: 7229: 7224: 7219: 7217:Sattriya Dance 7214: 7209: 7204: 7199: 7198: 7197: 7192: 7182: 7177: 7172: 7167: 7162: 7156: 7154: 7148: 7147: 7145: 7144: 7135: 7130: 7125: 7120: 7115: 7110: 7105: 7100: 7095: 7089: 7087: 7081: 7080: 7077: 7076: 7074: 7073: 7068: 7063: 7057: 7055: 7049: 7048: 7046: 7045: 7040: 7035: 7030: 7025: 7020: 7015: 7010: 7005: 6999: 6997: 6991: 6990: 6988: 6987: 6982: 6977: 6972: 6967: 6962: 6956: 6954: 6948: 6947: 6945: 6944: 6939: 6934: 6929: 6924: 6919: 6914: 6909: 6904: 6899: 6894: 6888: 6886: 6880: 6879: 6877: 6876: 6871: 6866: 6861: 6855: 6853: 6844: 6834: 6833: 6831: 6830: 6825: 6820: 6815: 6810: 6805: 6800: 6795: 6789: 6787: 6785:Administration 6781: 6780: 6778: 6777: 6772: 6767: 6762: 6757: 6752: 6747: 6745:Colonial Assam 6742: 6737: 6732: 6730:Kamata Kingdom 6727: 6725:Chutia Kingdom 6722: 6716: 6714: 6708: 6707: 6705: 6704: 6702:Assam Regiment 6699: 6694: 6689: 6684: 6679: 6674: 6669: 6668: 6667: 6657: 6652: 6647: 6642: 6637: 6632: 6626: 6624: 6618: 6617: 6615: 6614: 6605: 6596: 6587: 6578: 6568: 6566: 6560: 6559: 6548: 6545: 6544: 6526: 6525: 6518: 6511: 6503: 6496: 6495: 6469: 6460: 6451: 6445: 6430: 6421: 6392: 6383: 6354: 6349: 6331: 6322: 6290: 6281: 6272: 6263: 6254: 6245: 6225: 6216: 6202: 6185: 6156: 6143: 6114: 6109: 6096: 6067: 6056: 6033: 6017: 5994: 5984: 5982: 5979: 5976: 5975: 5958: 5918: 5912: 5892: 5879: 5865: 5851: 5848:. p. 429. 5837: 5824: 5821:. p. 400. 5810: 5782: 5747: 5734: 5718: 5705: 5692: 5679: 5663: 5650: 5637: 5621: 5610: 5597: 5585: 5581:Chaudhury 1997 5572: 5563: 5550: 5537: 5524: 5511: 5497: 5483: 5452: 5438: 5435:. p. 442. 5424: 5410: 5397: 5380: 5367: 5354: 5341: 5339:, p. 577) 5328: 5315: 5302: 5289: 5276: 5260: 5247: 5245:, p. 302) 5234: 5225: 5212: 5199: 5186: 5173: 5161:Barpatragohain 5152: 5139: 5126: 5113: 5100: 5087: 5071: 5058: 5045: 5032: 5019: 5002: 4989: 4987:, p. 227) 4972: 4955: 4938: 4909: 4872: 4859: 4847: 4834: 4821: 4808: 4806:, p. 224) 4796: 4783: 4765: 4748: 4735: 4722: 4709: 4696: 4678: 4665: 4648: 4635: 4622: 4607: 4590: 4577: 4544: 4523: 4510: 4498: 4486: 4473: 4460: 4447: 4406: 4389: 4376: 4363: 4346: 4322: 4309: 4296: 4283: 4276: 4256: 4239: 4223: 4210: 4197: 4185: 4172: 4159: 4146: 4129: 4112: 4111: 4109: 4108: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4088: 4087: 4082: 4077: 4072: 4067: 4062: 4057: 4055:Ramani Gabharu 4052: 4047: 4042: 4035: 4032: 4027: 4024: 4015: 4012: 4007:Main article: 4004: 4001: 3993:Sivasagar tank 3987: 3984: 3923: 3920: 3899: 3896: 3882: 3875: 3874: 3873: 3861: 3854: 3853: 3852: 3848: 3847: 3846: 3845: 3843: 3840: 3803:apaikan chamua 3777:, Chiring and 3762:Chiring Phukan 3732:Satgharia Ahom 3724: 3721: 3703: 3700: 3658: 3657: 3654: 3650: 3649: 3646: 3642: 3641: 3638: 3634: 3633: 3630: 3626: 3625: 3622: 3618: 3617: 3614: 3559:Ahom artillery 3554: 3551: 3491: 3488: 3443: 3442:Paik officials 3440: 3426:The states of 3424: 3423: 3419: 3418: 3413: 3411:Dimasa Kingdom 3408: 3399: 3398: 3395: 3390: 3387: 3384: 3381: 3368: 3363: 3339: 3336: 3335: 3334: 3331: 3326: 3323: 3320: 3313: 3312: 3305:Chutia kingdom 3290: 3283:Jagiyal Gohain 3280: 3270: 3260: 3257:Chutia kingdom 3246: 3243:Chutia kingdom 3236: 3226: 3220: 3214: 3204: 3186: 3176: 3173:Chutia kingdom 3115: 3114: 3108: 3102: 3077: 3074: 3013: 3010: 2944:Royal officers 2938:Borpatrogohain 2864: 2861: 2850:Borpatrogohain 2821: 2818: 2809: 2806: 2803: 2802: 2799: 2797: 2795: 2793: 2789: 2788: 2786: 2784: 2781: 2779: 2775: 2774: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2765: 2761: 2760: 2758: 2756: 2754: 2751: 2747: 2746: 2744: 2742: 2740: 2737: 2733: 2732: 2730: 2728: 2726: 2723: 2719: 2718: 2716: 2713: 2711: 2708: 2704: 2703: 2692: 2683: 2672: 2661: 2650: 2649: 2646: 2643: 2640: 2637: 2633: 2632: 2629: 2626: 2623: 2620: 2616: 2615: 2612: 2609: 2606: 2603: 2572:Burmese regime 2563: 2560: 2558: 2555: 2545: 2542: 2510: 2507: 2493: 2490: 2442:Main article: 2439: 2436: 2407: 2404: 2393:Lakshmi Singha 2365:Barjana Gohain 2225:riding litter 2183: 2180: 2170:Following the 2121: 2118: 2089: 2088:Koch relations 2086: 2025: 2022: 1994:Borpatrogohain 1982:Swarganarayana 1955:Karatoya river 1950:Chutia kingdom 1917:Chutia kingdom 1912: 1909: 1904:Dimasa kingdom 1842: 1839: 1835:Kamata kingdom 1831:Chutia kingdom 1798:and many such 1776:Chao-Thaonmung 1756:place to place 1751: 1745: 1699:their language 1657:Main article: 1654: 1651: 1631:casket of gold 1492: 1491: 1489: 1488: 1481: 1474: 1466: 1463: 1462: 1457: 1456: 1453: 1448: 1444: 1443: 1440: 1435: 1431: 1430: 1427: 1422: 1418: 1417: 1414: 1409: 1405: 1404: 1401: 1396: 1392: 1391: 1388: 1383: 1379: 1378: 1375: 1370: 1366: 1365: 1362: 1357: 1353: 1352: 1349: 1344: 1340: 1339: 1336: 1331: 1327: 1326: 1323: 1318: 1314: 1313: 1310: 1305: 1301: 1300: 1297: 1292: 1288: 1287: 1284: 1279: 1275: 1274: 1271: 1266: 1262: 1261: 1258: 1253: 1249: 1248: 1245: 1240: 1236: 1235: 1232: 1227: 1223: 1222: 1219: 1214: 1210: 1209: 1206: 1201: 1197: 1196: 1193: 1188: 1184: 1183: 1180: 1175: 1171: 1170: 1167: 1162: 1158: 1157: 1154: 1149: 1145: 1144: 1141: 1136: 1132: 1131: 1128: 1123: 1119: 1118: 1115: 1110: 1106: 1105: 1102: 1097: 1093: 1092: 1089: 1084: 1080: 1079: 1076: 1071: 1067: 1066: 1063: 1058: 1054: 1053: 1050: 1045: 1041: 1040: 1037: 1032: 1028: 1027: 1024: 1019: 1015: 1014: 1011: 1006: 1003: 1002: 999: 994: 990: 989: 986: 981: 978: 977: 974: 969: 965: 964: 961: 956: 953: 952: 949: 944: 940: 939: 936: 931: 927: 926: 923: 918: 914: 913: 910: 905: 901: 900: 897: 892: 886: 883: 882: 879: 878: 870: 869: 859: 858: 856: 855: 848: 841: 833: 830: 829: 827: 826: 821: 816: 810: 807: 806: 802: 801: 798: 797: 792: 786: 783: 782: 779: 778: 775: 774: 772:Assam Movement 768: 765: 764: 761: 760: 757: 756: 754:Assam Province 751: 749:Colonial Assam 745: 742: 741: 738: 737: 734: 733: 728: 723: 718: 713: 711:Kamata Kingdom 708: 706:Dimasa Kingdom 703: 701:Chutia Kingdom 697: 694: 693: 690: 689: 686: 685: 680: 675: 673:Davaka dynasty 670: 668:Varman dynasty 665: 659: 656: 655: 652: 651: 648: 647: 642: 640:Bhauma dynasty 637: 635:Danava dynasty 632: 626: 624:Proto-historic 623: 622: 619: 618: 610: 609: 603: 602: 590: 589: 580: 576: 575: 572: 571: 568: 567: 560: 558:Colonial Assam 554: 553: 546: 537: 534: 533: 531:Chutia Kingdom 528: 520: 519: 514: 502: 501: 496: 486: 485: 480: 476: 475: 472: 471: 468: 465: 462: 461: 458: 455: 452: 451: 448: 447: 443: 442: 439: 435: 434: 430: 429: 426: 425: 422: 416: 413: 412: 409: 403: 400: 399: 396: 390: 387: 386: 383: 377: 374: 373: 370: 364: 361: 360: 357: 351: 348: 347: 344: 338: 335: 334: 331: 330: 327: 323: 322: 319: 318: 313: 310: 307: 306: 301: 298: 295: 294: 289: 286: 283: 282: 277: 274: 271: 270: 265: 262: 259: 258: 255: 254: 251: 244: 243: 228: 224: 223: 214: 208: 207: 205: 204: 199: 194: 174: 172: 168: 167: 165: 164: 155:court language 148: 145:court language 131: 129: 125: 124: 122: 121: 114: 107: 100: 95: 90: 82: 80: 76: 75: 70: 66: 65: 62: 52: 51: 47: 40: 39: 36: 35: 31: 30: 27: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8029: 8018: 8015: 8013: 8010: 8008: 8005: 8003: 8000: 7998: 7995: 7993: 7990: 7988: 7985: 7983: 7980: 7978: 7975: 7974: 7972: 7965: 7962: 7927: 7917: 7911: 7908: 7906: 7903: 7901: 7898: 7896: 7893: 7892: 7890: 7886: 7880: 7877: 7875: 7872: 7871: 7869: 7865: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7841: 7839: 7836: 7835: 7833: 7829: 7824: 7814: 7811: 7809: 7806: 7805: 7803: 7801:Ancient Assam 7799: 7793: 7790: 7789: 7786: 7782: 7775: 7770: 7768: 7763: 7761: 7756: 7755: 7752: 7740: 7737: 7735: 7734:Hindu Temples 7732: 7730: 7727: 7726: 7723: 7717: 7714: 7712: 7709: 7707: 7704: 7702: 7699: 7697: 7694: 7692: 7689: 7687: 7684: 7682: 7679: 7677: 7674: 7672: 7669: 7667: 7664: 7662: 7659: 7657: 7654: 7652: 7649: 7647: 7644: 7642: 7639: 7638: 7636: 7632: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7617: 7615: 7612: 7610: 7607: 7605: 7602: 7600: 7597: 7595: 7592: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7579: 7576: 7573: 7571: 7568: 7566: 7564: 7559: 7557: 7554: 7552: 7549: 7547: 7544: 7542: 7539: 7537: 7534: 7532: 7529: 7527: 7524: 7522: 7519: 7517: 7514: 7512: 7510: 7505: 7504: 7502: 7498: 7492: 7489: 7485: 7482: 7480: 7477: 7475: 7472: 7470: 7467: 7465: 7462: 7461: 7460: 7457: 7453: 7450: 7448: 7445: 7443: 7440: 7438: 7435: 7433: 7430: 7429: 7428: 7425: 7423: 7420: 7419: 7417: 7415: 7411: 7405: 7402: 7400: 7397: 7395: 7392: 7390: 7387: 7385: 7382: 7380: 7377: 7375: 7372: 7370: 7367: 7365: 7362: 7360: 7357: 7355: 7352: 7350: 7347: 7345: 7342: 7340: 7337: 7335: 7332: 7330: 7327: 7325: 7322: 7320: 7317: 7315: 7312: 7310: 7307: 7305: 7302: 7300: 7297: 7295: 7292: 7290: 7289:List of poets 7287: 7285: 7282: 7280: 7277: 7275: 7272: 7271: 7269: 7267: 7263: 7258: 7254: 7250: 7244: 7242: 7238: 7233: 7230: 7228: 7225: 7223: 7220: 7218: 7215: 7213: 7210: 7208: 7205: 7203: 7200: 7196: 7193: 7191: 7188: 7187: 7186: 7183: 7181: 7178: 7176: 7173: 7171: 7168: 7166: 7163: 7161: 7158: 7157: 7155: 7153: 7149: 7143: 7141: 7136: 7134: 7131: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7116: 7114: 7111: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7101: 7099: 7096: 7094: 7091: 7090: 7088: 7086: 7082: 7072: 7069: 7067: 7064: 7062: 7059: 7058: 7056: 7054: 7050: 7044: 7041: 7039: 7036: 7034: 7031: 7029: 7026: 7024: 7021: 7019: 7016: 7014: 7011: 7009: 7006: 7004: 7001: 7000: 6998: 6996: 6992: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6970:Karbi Anglong 6968: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6958: 6957: 6955: 6953: 6952:Central Assam 6949: 6943: 6940: 6938: 6935: 6933: 6930: 6928: 6925: 6923: 6920: 6918: 6915: 6913: 6910: 6908: 6905: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6889: 6887: 6885: 6881: 6875: 6872: 6870: 6867: 6865: 6862: 6860: 6857: 6856: 6854: 6852: 6848: 6845: 6843: 6839: 6835: 6829: 6826: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6806: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6796: 6794: 6791: 6790: 6788: 6786: 6782: 6776: 6773: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6738: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6721: 6718: 6717: 6715: 6713: 6709: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6666: 6663: 6662: 6661: 6658: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6648: 6646: 6643: 6641: 6638: 6636: 6633: 6631: 6628: 6627: 6625: 6623: 6619: 6613: 6609: 6606: 6604: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6591: 6588: 6586: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6573: 6570: 6569: 6567: 6565: 6564:State symbols 6561: 6557: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6542: 6538: 6524: 6519: 6517: 6512: 6510: 6505: 6504: 6501: 6485: 6481: 6477: 6476: 6470: 6466: 6461: 6457: 6452: 6448: 6442: 6438: 6437: 6431: 6427: 6422: 6418: 6414: 6410: 6406: 6402: 6398: 6393: 6389: 6384: 6380: 6376: 6372: 6368: 6364: 6360: 6355: 6352: 6350:9780521299442 6346: 6342: 6341: 6336: 6332: 6328: 6323: 6320: 6316: 6312: 6308: 6304: 6300: 6296: 6291: 6287: 6282: 6278: 6273: 6269: 6264: 6260: 6255: 6251: 6246: 6243: 6239: 6235: 6231: 6226: 6222: 6217: 6210: 6209: 6203: 6199: 6195: 6191: 6186: 6182: 6178: 6174: 6170: 6166: 6162: 6157: 6153: 6149: 6144: 6140: 6136: 6132: 6128: 6124: 6120: 6115: 6112: 6110:9788121200691 6106: 6102: 6097: 6093: 6089: 6085: 6081: 6077: 6073: 6068: 6064: 6063: 6057: 6053: 6047: 6039: 6034: 6030: 6026: 6023: 6018: 6014: 6008: 6000: 5995: 5991: 5986: 5985: 5971: 5970: 5962: 5955: 5951: 5946: 5941: 5937: 5933: 5929: 5922: 5915: 5913:9788185067100 5909: 5905: 5904: 5896: 5889: 5883: 5875: 5869: 5861: 5855: 5847: 5841: 5834: 5828: 5820: 5814: 5795: 5794: 5786: 5767: 5766: 5758: 5756: 5754: 5752: 5744: 5738: 5731: 5725: 5723: 5715: 5709: 5702: 5696: 5689: 5683: 5676: 5670: 5668: 5660: 5654: 5647: 5641: 5634: 5628: 5626: 5619: 5614: 5607: 5601: 5595:, p. 31. 5594: 5589: 5582: 5576: 5567: 5560: 5554: 5547: 5541: 5534: 5528: 5521: 5515: 5508:. p. 32. 5507: 5501: 5494:. p. 32. 5493: 5487: 5479: 5475: 5471: 5467: 5463: 5456: 5448: 5442: 5434: 5428: 5420: 5414: 5407: 5401: 5394: 5390: 5384: 5377: 5371: 5364: 5358: 5351: 5345: 5338: 5332: 5325: 5319: 5312: 5306: 5299: 5293: 5286: 5280: 5273: 5267: 5265: 5257: 5251: 5244: 5238: 5229: 5222: 5216: 5209: 5203: 5196: 5190: 5183: 5177: 5170: 5166: 5162: 5156: 5149: 5143: 5136: 5130: 5123: 5117: 5110: 5104: 5097: 5091: 5084: 5078: 5076: 5068: 5062: 5055: 5049: 5042: 5036: 5029: 5023: 5016: 5012: 5006: 4999: 4993: 4986: 4982: 4976: 4969: 4965: 4959: 4952: 4948: 4942: 4935: 4931: 4927: 4923: 4919: 4913: 4907:, p. 50) 4906: 4902: 4898: 4894: 4890: 4886: 4882: 4876: 4869: 4863: 4856: 4851: 4844: 4838: 4831: 4825: 4818: 4812: 4805: 4800: 4793: 4787: 4780: 4775: 4769: 4762: 4758: 4752: 4745: 4739: 4732: 4726: 4719: 4713: 4706: 4700: 4693: 4688: 4682: 4675: 4669: 4662: 4658: 4652: 4645: 4639: 4632: 4626: 4620:, p. 13) 4619: 4614: 4612: 4604: 4600: 4594: 4587: 4581: 4574: 4569: 4565: 4561: 4557: 4551: 4549: 4541: 4537: 4533: 4527: 4520: 4514: 4507: 4502: 4495: 4490: 4483: 4477: 4470: 4464: 4457: 4451: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4432: 4428: 4424: 4420: 4416: 4410: 4404:, p. 51) 4403: 4399: 4393: 4386: 4380: 4374:, p. 25) 4373: 4367: 4360: 4356: 4350: 4343: 4339: 4335: 4329: 4327: 4319: 4313: 4306: 4300: 4293: 4287: 4279: 4273: 4269: 4268: 4260: 4252: 4251: 4243: 4236: 4230: 4228: 4220: 4219:Hazarika 1987 4214: 4207: 4201: 4194: 4189: 4182: 4176: 4169: 4163: 4156: 4150: 4142: 4141: 4133: 4126: 4120: 4118: 4113: 4105: 4099: 4095: 4086: 4083: 4081: 4078: 4076: 4073: 4071: 4068: 4066: 4063: 4061: 4058: 4056: 4053: 4051: 4048: 4046: 4043: 4041: 4038: 4037: 4031: 4023: 4021: 4010: 4000: 3998: 3997:Jaysagar tank 3994: 3983: 3981: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3929: 3919: 3917: 3913: 3909: 3905: 3889: 3885: 3879: 3868: 3864: 3858: 3839: 3837: 3836:Pratap Singha 3833: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3812:paikan chamua 3809: 3804: 3798: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3784: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3767: 3763: 3759: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3738: 3733: 3729: 3720: 3716: 3714: 3710: 3699: 3695: 3693: 3689: 3685: 3679: 3677: 3671: 3669: 3665: 3655: 3652: 3651: 3647: 3644: 3643: 3639: 3636: 3635: 3631: 3628: 3627: 3623: 3620: 3619: 3615: 3613:Paik Officer 3612: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3582: 3578: 3569: 3564: 3560: 3550: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3519: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3496: 3487: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3439: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3421: 3420: 3417: 3414: 3412: 3409: 3407: 3404: 3403: 3402: 3396: 3394: 3391: 3388: 3385: 3382: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3369: 3367: 3364: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3349: 3348: 3347: 3345: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3324: 3321: 3318: 3317: 3316: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3291: 3288: 3284: 3281: 3278: 3274: 3271: 3268: 3264: 3261: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3247: 3244: 3240: 3237: 3234: 3230: 3227: 3224: 3221: 3218: 3215: 3212: 3208: 3205: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3187: 3184: 3180: 3177: 3174: 3170: 3166: 3163: 3162: 3161: 3158: 3156: 3155:Raidangia mel 3152: 3147: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3124: 3120: 3112: 3109: 3106: 3103: 3100: 3096: 3095: 3090: 3087: 3086: 3085: 3083: 3073: 3071: 3066: 3063: 3058: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3009: 3007: 3003: 3002:Ahom language 2999: 2995: 2992:was made the 2991: 2990:Patra Mantris 2987: 2986:Patra Mantris 2983: 2982:Patra Mantris 2979: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2948:Pratap Singha 2945: 2941: 2939: 2935: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2887:primogeniture 2884: 2880: 2876: 2875:Ahom language 2872: 2871: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2831: 2826: 2817: 2815: 2800: 2798: 2796: 2794: 2791: 2790: 2787: 2785: 2782: 2780: 2777: 2776: 2773: 2771: 2769: 2766: 2763: 2762: 2759: 2757: 2755: 2752: 2749: 2748: 2745: 2743: 2741: 2738: 2735: 2734: 2731: 2729: 2727: 2724: 2721: 2720: 2717: 2714: 2712: 2709: 2706: 2705: 2702: 2693: 2691: 2684: 2682: 2673: 2671: 2662: 2659: 2658: 2647: 2644: 2641: 2638: 2635: 2634: 2630: 2627: 2624: 2621: 2618: 2617: 2613: 2610: 2607: 2604: 2601: 2600: 2595: 2593: 2589: 2584: 2582: 2577: 2576:Pratap Singha 2573: 2569: 2554: 2552: 2541: 2537: 2534: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2516: 2506: 2504: 2500: 2489: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2450: 2445: 2435: 2433: 2428: 2423: 2417: 2413: 2403: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2351: 2347: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2322: 2318: 2316: 2311: 2306: 2302: 2291: 2284: 2279: 2275: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2242: 2238: 2236: 2232: 2224: 2219: 2215: 2213: 2209: 2198: 2193: 2189: 2179: 2177: 2173: 2168: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2141: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2117: 2116:permanently. 2115: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2085: 2082: 2078: 2077:Patra Mantris 2074: 2070: 2065: 2060: 2056: 2045: 2044:Pratap Singha 2039: 2035: 2031: 2021: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1990:Rajputisation 1987: 1983: 1973: 1969: 1967: 1963: 1958: 1956: 1951: 1946: 1935: 1934:Dihingia Raja 1932: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1908: 1905: 1900: 1896: 1894: 1893: 1888: 1884: 1883: 1878: 1874: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1850: 1849:Bamuni Konwar 1847: 1838: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1819: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1791: 1789: 1788:Mughal Empire 1785: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1749: 1744: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1721: 1717: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1691: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1660: 1650: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1627:xunor-xophura 1624: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1599: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1562:(present-day 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1546:expansion in 1545: 1541: 1538:(present-day 1537: 1533: 1532:late medieval 1527: 1503: 1499: 1487: 1482: 1480: 1475: 1473: 1468: 1467: 1465: 1464: 1454: 1452: 1449: 1446: 1445: 1441: 1439: 1436: 1433: 1432: 1428: 1426: 1423: 1420: 1419: 1415: 1413: 1410: 1407: 1406: 1402: 1400: 1397: 1394: 1393: 1389: 1387: 1384: 1381: 1380: 1376: 1374: 1373:Suhitpangphaa 1371: 1368: 1367: 1363: 1361: 1358: 1355: 1354: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1341: 1337: 1335: 1332: 1329: 1328: 1324: 1322: 1319: 1316: 1315: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1303: 1302: 1298: 1296: 1293: 1290: 1289: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1277: 1276: 1272: 1270: 1267: 1264: 1263: 1259: 1257: 1254: 1251: 1250: 1246: 1244: 1241: 1238: 1237: 1233: 1231: 1228: 1225: 1224: 1220: 1218: 1215: 1212: 1211: 1207: 1205: 1202: 1199: 1198: 1194: 1192: 1189: 1186: 1185: 1181: 1179: 1176: 1173: 1172: 1168: 1166: 1163: 1160: 1159: 1155: 1153: 1150: 1147: 1146: 1142: 1140: 1137: 1134: 1133: 1129: 1127: 1124: 1121: 1120: 1116: 1114: 1111: 1108: 1107: 1103: 1101: 1098: 1095: 1094: 1090: 1088: 1085: 1082: 1081: 1077: 1075: 1072: 1069: 1068: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1056: 1055: 1051: 1049: 1046: 1043: 1042: 1038: 1036: 1033: 1030: 1029: 1025: 1023: 1020: 1017: 1016: 1012: 1010: 1007: 1005: 1004: 1000: 998: 995: 992: 991: 987: 985: 982: 980: 979: 975: 973: 970: 967: 966: 962: 960: 957: 955: 954: 950: 948: 945: 942: 941: 937: 935: 932: 929: 928: 924: 922: 919: 916: 915: 911: 909: 906: 903: 902: 898: 896: 893: 890: 889: 881: 880: 876: 872: 871: 868: 865: 864: 854: 849: 847: 842: 840: 835: 834: 832: 831: 825: 822: 820: 817: 815: 812: 811: 809: 808: 804: 803: 796: 793: 791: 788: 787: 781: 780: 773: 770: 769: 763: 762: 755: 752: 750: 747: 746: 740: 739: 732: 729: 727: 724: 722: 719: 717: 714: 712: 709: 707: 704: 702: 699: 698: 695:Late Medieval 692: 691: 684: 681: 679: 676: 674: 671: 669: 666: 664: 661: 660: 654: 653: 646: 643: 641: 638: 636: 633: 631: 628: 627: 621: 620: 616: 612: 611: 608: 605: 604: 600: 596: 595: 588: 584: 581: 579:Today part of 577: 561: 559: 556: 555: 547: 545: 542: 541: 538: 532: 529: 522: 521: 518: 515: 508: 507: 504: 503: 500: 497: 495: 492: 491: 487: 484: 481: 477: 473: 469: 463: 459: 453: 449: 444: 440: 436: 431: 427: 423: 420: 414: 410: 407: 401: 397: 394: 388: 384: 381: 375: 371: 368: 362: 358: 355: 349: 345: 342: 336: 332: 328: 324: 320: 317: 314: 308: 305: 302: 296: 293: 290: 284: 281: 278: 272: 269: 266: 260: 256: 252: 249: 245: 242: 239: 235: 232: 229: 225: 222: 218: 215: 213: 209: 203: 200: 198: 195: 192: 188: 184: 179: 178:Ahom religion 176: 175: 173: 169: 160: 156: 152: 149: 146: 142: 141: 140:lingua franca 136: 133: 132: 130: 126: 118: 115: 111: 108: 104: 101: 99: 96: 91: 87: 84: 83: 81: 77: 74: 71: 67: 58: 53: 44: 37: 32: 22: 19: 7977:Ahom kingdom 7934: 7838:Ahom kingdom 7837: 7562: 7508: 7329:Kirtan Ghoxa 7234: 7139: 7053:Barak Valley 6927:Kamrup Metro 6765:Assam Accord 6735:Ahom kingdom 6734: 6697:Assam Rifles 6635:Biodiversity 6553: 6487:. 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Retrieved 5764: 5737: 5708: 5695: 5682: 5653: 5640: 5613: 5600: 5588: 5575: 5566: 5553: 5540: 5527: 5514: 5505: 5500: 5491: 5486: 5469: 5465: 5455: 5446: 5441: 5432: 5427: 5421:. p. 2. 5418: 5413: 5400: 5388: 5383: 5370: 5357: 5344: 5331: 5318: 5305: 5292: 5279: 5250: 5237: 5228: 5215: 5202: 5189: 5176: 5164: 5160: 5155: 5142: 5129: 5116: 5103: 5090: 5061: 5048: 5035: 5022: 5010: 5005: 4992: 4985:Baruah (1986 4975: 4958: 4946: 4941: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4912: 4900: 4896: 4892: 4888: 4884: 4880: 4875: 4862: 4850: 4837: 4824: 4811: 4804:Baruah (1986 4799: 4786: 4773: 4768: 4756: 4751: 4738: 4725: 4712: 4699: 4686: 4681: 4668: 4656: 4651: 4638: 4625: 4598: 4593: 4580: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4555: 4535: 4531: 4526: 4513: 4506:Baruah (1986 4501: 4489: 4476: 4463: 4450: 4438: 4434: 4430: 4426: 4422: 4418: 4414: 4409: 4397: 4392: 4379: 4366: 4349: 4337: 4333: 4312: 4299: 4286: 4266: 4259: 4249: 4242: 4213: 4200: 4193:Sarkar (1992 4188: 4175: 4162: 4149: 4139: 4132: 4104:King Sutamla 4098: 4040:Ahom dynasty 4029: 4017: 3989: 3964:Kedar temple 3925: 3904:Talatal Ghar 3901: 3898:Architecture 3823: 3819: 3815: 3811: 3807: 3799: 3794: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3735: 3731: 3726: 3717: 3705: 3696: 3691: 3687: 3680: 3675: 3672: 3667: 3663: 3661: 3604: 3600: 3574: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3522: 3520: 3511: 3508:Rudra Singha 3493: 3483: 3479: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3455: 3452:corvee labor 3450:, a form of 3445: 3435: 3425: 3400: 3379:Koch dynasty 3360:Koch dynasty 3343: 3341: 3314: 3296: 3292: 3286: 3282: 3272: 3262: 3248: 3238: 3228: 3222: 3216: 3213:and Dimarua. 3206: 3189:Solal Gohain 3188: 3178: 3164: 3159: 3154: 3150: 3148: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3122: 3118: 3116: 3110: 3104: 3092: 3089:Charing Raja 3088: 3081: 3079: 3069: 3067: 3061: 3059: 3054: 3050: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3025: 3015: 3005: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2980: 2963: 2959: 2943: 2942: 2928: 2920: 2916: 2900: 2899: 2890: 2878: 2868: 2866: 2830:Rudra Singha 2811: 2808:Urbanization 2715:1,12,48,286 2696: 2687: 2676: 2665: 2602:Aristocracy 2585: 2580: 2565: 2557:Demographics 2547: 2538: 2512: 2499:Rudra Singha 2495: 2460:, a type of 2455: 2419: 2348: 2319: 2300: 2288: 2267: 2241:Rudra Singha 2239: 2229:The rule of 2228: 2195: 2169: 2149:Mir Jumla II 2142: 2128:. Ahom king 2123: 2091: 2080: 2076: 2058: 2041: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1985: 1981: 1978: 1966:Kolong River 1959: 1933: 1928: 1901: 1897: 1890: 1886: 1880: 1876: 1867: 1863: 1848: 1844: 1826: 1820: 1799: 1795: 1792: 1783: 1775: 1767: 1753: 1747: 1662: 1659:Ahom dynasty 1634: 1618: 1600: 1558:prince from 1501: 1498:Ahom kingdom 1497: 1495: 1308:Sukhrungphaa 1008: 983: 958: 934:Sukhaangphaa 867:Ahom dynasty 814:Architecture 766:Contemporary 721:Koch kingdom 716:Ahom kingdom 715: 683:Pala dynasty 499:Succeeded by 498: 493: 483:Ahom coinage 466:• 1833 456:• 1711 304:Sukhrungphaa 238:Aristocratic 231:Bureaucratic 158: 154: 144: 138: 18: 7987:Tai history 7956: / 7858:Baro-Bhuyan 7634:Urban areas 7561:Choudhury ( 7556:Chakraborty 7551:Burhagohain 7364:Tokari Geet 7309:The Hemkosh 6995:Upper Assam 6884:Lower Assam 6851:North Assam 6365:: 888–893. 6242:10603/61119 6198:10603/61119 6167:: 570–580. 6125:: 249–256. 6001:, New Delhi 5888:Baruah 1986 5593:Guha (1978) 5559:Bhuyan 1949 5393:Baruah 1986 5350:Baruah 1986 5337:Baruah 1978 5195:Baruah 1986 5165:Vrhat-Patra 5083:Baruah 1986 5067:Baruah 1986 5054:Baruah 1986 5028:Baruah 1986 4968:Baruah 1986 4934:Baruah 1986 4905:Masica 1993 4830:Baruah 1986 4792:Phukan 1992 4779:Phukan 1992 4761:Baruah 1986 4744:Phukan 1992 4731:Phukan 1992 4705:Baruah 1986 4661:Sarkar 1992 4657:kaghazi raj 4644:Baruah 1986 4603:Phukan 1992 4599:Che-Tam-Doi 4573:Baruah 1986 4540:Baruah 1986 4469:Baruah 1986 4402:Phukan 1992 4359:Phukan 1991 4318:Saikia 2004 4181:Sarkar 1992 4168:Gohain 1974 4075:Paik system 3916:Kareng Ghar 3888:Siva Singha 3742:Burhagohain 3664:Ghora Barua 3490:Land survey 3458:, and four 3448:Paik system 3111:Namrup Raja 2964:Swargadeo's 2925:Burhagohain 2909:Burhagohain 2842:Burhagohain 2767:30,00,000+ 2611:Karni Paik 2503:Siva Singha 2478:Paik system 2458:Paik system 2444:Paik system 2422:Paik system 2416:Paik system 2371:whose king 2305:Phuleshwari 2290:Siva Singha 2283:Siva Singha 2260:Hindu kings 2161:Manas river 2157:Manas river 2114:Manas river 2055:Paik system 1921:Baro-Bhuyan 1804:Ahomisation 1784:kaghazi raj 1764:Burhagohain 1750:(1228–1401) 1739:led to the 1737:Siva Singha 1707:North India 1681:Upper Assam 1669:Brahmaputra 1629:; English: 1621:till 1401 ( 1611:Ahom people 1607:Ahomisation 1386:Suklingphaa 1139:Susenghphaa 1126:Sukhaamphaa 1009:Interregnum 997:Tyao Khamti 984:Interregnum 959:Interregnum 947:Sukhrangpha 726:Baro-Bhuyan 494:Preceded by 292:Susenghphaa 250:, Swargadeo 120:(1794–1826) 113:(1707–1794) 106:(1540–1707) 89:(1253–1397) 7971:Categories 7944:94°44′53″E 7941:26°55′59″N 7646:Bongaigaon 7339:Naam Ghosa 7257:literature 7195:Bihu dance 7138:Halflong ( 7066:Hailakandi 6960:Dima Hasao 6902:Bongaigaon 6813:High Court 6793:Government 6760:Assam Mail 6692:Assam silk 6489:31 January 6446:082238616X 6234:University 6154:: 463–471. 5981:References 5833:Gogoi 2006 5743:Gogoi 2002 5701:Gogoi 1968 5675:Gogoi 2002 5659:Gogoi 2002 5646:Gogoi 2002 5633:Gogoi 2006 5606:Gogoi 2002 5533:Gogoi 2002 5520:Gogoi 2002 5406:Gogoi 1968 5376:Gogoi 1968 5363:Gogoi 1968 5243:Gogoi 1968 4897:Shan/Shyam 4855:Guha (1983 4618:Guha (1983 4556:Durga Puja 4494:Guha (1983 4443:Gogoi 2002 4421:, p6; the 4372:Gogoi 2002 4292:Dutta 1985 3824:bandi-beti 3816:kanri paik 3789:and Nara ( 3668:Hati Barua 3585:elephantry 3543:tamrapatra 3537:). As the 3105:Tipam Raja 2934:Suhungmung 2828:Ahom king 2783:24,00,000 2753:28,80,000 2739:16,00,000 2725:24,40,000 2710:16,80,000 2697:population 2688:population 2677:population 2666:population 2648:24,00,000 2645:15,60,000 2562:Population 2373:Jay Singha 2281:Ahom King 2163:after the 2126:Shah Jahan 1931:Suhungmung 1864:Burhaohain 1846:Sudangphaa 1818:kingdoms. 1808:Suhungmung 1770:) and the 1647:Mong Kwang 1576:Suhungmung 1425:Sudingphaa 1399:Sudingphaa 1360:Sunyeophaa 1243:Gobar Roja 1217:Suklamphaa 1204:Sunyatphaa 1191:Supangmung 1165:Sutingphaa 1113:Suklenmung 1100:Suhungmung 1048:Suphakphaa 1035:Sujangphaa 1022:Sudangphaa 805:Categories 446:Population 280:Suhungmung 227:Government 212:Demonym(s) 181:from 1648: 7701:Sivasagar 7686:Karimganj 7656:Dibrugarh 7626:Sutradhar 7546:Borphukan 7536:Borgohain 7190:Bagurumba 7085:Geography 7071:Karimganj 7038:Sivasagar 7028:Lakhimpur 7008:Dibrugarh 7003:Charaideo 6917:Kokrajhar 6859:Biswanath 6842:divisions 6838:Districts 6808:Governors 6687:Assam tea 6660:Education 6630:Etymology 6409:2249-1937 6371:2249-1937 6173:2249-1937 6131:2249-1937 6046:cite book 5546:Guha 1978 5408::793–811) 5324:Guha 1983 5311:Guha 1983 5298:Guha 1983 5285:Guha 1983 5272:Guha 1983 5256:Guha 1983 5221:Guha 1983 5208:Guha 1983 5182:Guha 1983 5169:Guha 1983 5148:Guha 1983 5135:Guha 1983 5122:Guha 1983 5109:Guha 1983 5096:Guha 1983 5041:Guha 1983 5015:Guha 1983 4998:Guha 1983 4981:Susenphaa 4964:Suhenphaa 4951:Guha 1983 4868:Guha 1983 4843:Guha 1983 4817:Guha 1983 4718:Guha 1983 4692:Guha 1983 4674:Guha 1983 4631:Guha 1983 4586:Guha 1983 4482:Guha 1983 4456:Guha 1983 4437:, pp3,5; 4305:Guha 1983 4235:Dutt 1958 4206:Guha 1978 4155:Guha 1983 4125:Guha 1983 3912:Gola Ghar 3908:Rang Ghar 3791:Mongkawng 3766:exogamous 3746:Borgohain 3728:Subinphaa 3713:Borphukan 3637:Hazarika 3629:Rajkhowa 3593:espionage 3589:artillery 3563:Ahom Army 3539:perakagaz 3531:perakakat 3527:perakagaz 3495:Supatphaa 3462:formed a 3333:Tapakuchi 3233:Tingkhong 3197:Borphukan 3123:meldangia 3094:Swargadeo 3076:Governors 3047:Borphukan 3022:Borphukan 3006:Shenglung 2994:Rajmantri 2960:Dangarias 2956:Borphukan 2913:Borgohain 2901:Dangarias 2891:Dangarias 2870:Swargadeo 2858:Borphukan 2846:Borgohain 2838:Swargadeo 2801:2,50,000 2694:Estimated 2685:Estimated 2679:by Bhuyan 2674:Estimated 2663:Estimated 2642:6,00,000 2639:2,16,000 2336:Rudreswar 2332:Rang Ghar 2145:Aurangzeb 2143:In 1662, 2094:Koch Hajo 2069:Borphukan 2010:Borgohain 1986:Swargadeo 1868:Borgohain 1772:Borgohain 1760:Charaideo 1347:Suremphaa 1334:Sunenphaa 1321:Sutanphaa 1295:Supatphaa 1282:Sulikphaa 1269:Sudoiphaa 1256:Sujinphaa 1152:Suramphaa 1087:Supimphaa 1074:Suhenphaa 1061:Susenphaa 921:Subinphaa 908:Suteuphaa 460:2,880,000 385:1615–1682 234:feudalism 171:Religion 92:Charagua 86:Charaideo 34:1228–1826 7926:Category 7813:Kamarupa 7716:Tinsukia 7676:Guwahati 7671:Golaghat 7666:Goalpara 7609:Majumdar 7599:Hazarika 7531:Borbarua 7374:Hiranaam 7369:Dihanaam 7123:Dhansiri 7043:Tinsukia 7018:Golaghat 6980:Morigaon 6932:Goalpara 6874:Udalguri 6869:Sonitpur 6720:Kamarupa 6677:Politics 6417:44141994 6379:44142722 6337:(1993), 6181:44139398 6139:44139078 6007:citation 5954:27864746 5730:Sen 1979 5716::168–69) 5478:44145865 4926:Maharaja 4774:Buranjis 4532:Mahantas 4085:Hengdang 4070:Möng Mao 4034:See also 4003:Painting 3832:Borbarua 3820:licchous 3760:and the 3744:and the 3737:Chaophaa 3711:and the 3709:Borborua 3577:infantry 3553:Military 3500:Sibsagar 3375:Chilarai 3356:Chilarai 3329:Abhaypur 3325:Solaguri 3287:Sat Raja 3277:Kaliabor 3269:in 1524. 3245:in 1524. 3185:in 1526. 3175:in 1524. 3128:melkhowa 3042:Borbarua 3020:and the 3018:Borbarua 2998:Borpatro 2952:Borbarua 2911:and the 2905:Sukaphaa 2895:Sukaphaa 2883:Sukaphaa 2879:Chao-Pha 2854:Borbarua 2406:Downfall 2389:Buranjis 2272:Shaktism 2081:Brahmins 2073:Borbarua 2014:Karatoya 1823:Mong Mao 1814:and the 1703:Kamarupa 1697:form of 1695:literary 1685:Kamarupa 1677:Mong Mao 1665:Sukaphaa 1639:province 1623:Assamese 1603:Tai-Ahom 1590:and the 1560:Mong Mao 1552:Sukaphaa 972:Sutuphaa 895:Sukaphaa 657:Medieval 599:a series 597:Part of 479:Currency 470:2,50,000 341:Sukaphaa 268:Sukaphaa 248:Chao Pha 241:monarchy 221:Assamese 191:Shaktism 183:Hinduism 135:Assamese 103:Garhgaon 94:(1397–?) 7739:History 7706:Silchar 7641:Barpeta 7594:Goswami 7526:Bharali 7516:Bhuiyan 7507:Barua ( 7437:Brahmin 7422:History 7324:Buranji 7207:Borgeet 7152:Culture 7013:Dhemaji 6937:Nalbari 6907:Chirang 6897:Barpeta 6864:Darrang 6712:History 6682:Tourism 6655:Economy 6650:Culture 6645:Cuisine 6550:Capital 6478:(PhD). 6319:3516963 6092:3516480 5548::27–30) 5472:: 479. 5313::21–22) 5223::20–21) 4922:mantras 4794::56–57) 4568:Mahanta 4560:nirmali 4536:Gosains 4429:, p11; 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