Ajam of Bahrain - Knowledge

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sought such protection. This shift marked the introduction of new territorialized identities in the Gulf, replacing earlier conceptions of belonging that were based on familial ties rather than geographic origin. The British court system reinforced this "spatial awareness," bringing a legal and official understanding of belonging that was increasingly tied to territorial boundaries. Despite the British designation of Iranians as foreigners, the Sheikh of Bahrain viewed them as part of his subjects, prioritizing their economic contributions over any concern about their origins.

862:, marking the first recorded instance of local resistance against migrants in Bahrain. The British labeled the incident as "anti-Persian" and subsequently took control over the affairs of Iranian migrants in Bahrain. In response, the Iranian central government requested British assistance to ensure justice for its citizens in Bahrain. According to historian Stephenson, this request was a temporary measure rather than an attempt to permanently cede jurisdiction, reflecting the historically fluid and overlapping borders in the Gulf region. 3335: 1269:

Iranian race and especially Shiites. In his article entitled "Kabir al-Ajam fe Al-Bahrain", he mentioned the name of "Akbari" family as one of the most famous Ajam families in Bahrain, along with the names of many other families. Ismail Akbari (husband of writer Sosan Al-Shaer and father of Bahrain Consultative Council member Bassam Ismail Al-Bon Mohammad "Akbari") strongly protested. In his opinion, the name "Ajam" refers only to Shias of Iranian origin, not to Sunnis, and his family, who are "Bastaki", not "Ajami".

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is one of the most popular songs of this group. Kouros Shahmiri's song "Naz Nakon", which was released later (1998 AD), was inspired by Sultaneez's song "Naz Akon", which was released on June 25, 1990. Additionally, the song "Chai Chayi" by Koros was also inspired by the song of Soltaniz "Chayi Chayeem Kalam Dard Akon", which was released in 1989. Their legacy still lives on to this day, and many Bahraini Iranians listen to them to remember their roots.

4651: 3091: 4615: 3193: 4687: 961: 4591: 7966: 4663: 4627: 4675: 1242:) according to their genes, and the two (Baharna and Ajams) can be often conflated by many. Many individuals, particularly those who view all Shias as 'Iranian Majoos,' also accuse them of being subservient to the Islamic Republic of Iran. It is important to note that this perception has been prevalent among some Sunni Iranians, or at least was in the past, ultimately leading to unintended consequences for them. 310:(Plural: Ajam): The same general meaning of the term applies here, initially used to refer to those from a Persian speaking background locally, similarly to it's historical use, however nowadays any non-Arab is referred to as an Ajam. While some find this term to be derogatory due to its negative historical use context, some Sunni Iranians claim it is only for those of a Shia background, similarly to the 3304: 850:

the Gulf during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Migrants, familiar with the region, circumvented these restrictions by choosing alternative routes. To escape the heavy taxation, many merchants simply relocated to the other side, a practice that had been common for centuries due to the familiarity of the region. prompting the migration of tens of thousands of people from

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administrators, with strong links to Persia, which they maintained close contact; a small sedentary, non-tribal community of Aramaic-speaking agriculturalists; a Persian clergy, who we know for certain, used Syriac as a language of liturgy and writing more generally, probably alongside Persian as a spoken language.

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6764:[Some may ask why? But once you know the first or replaced surname, you will understand the meaning and purpose of the change, transformation and stripping away from it, in an illogical position other than disavowing their origins, families and lineages in the hope of achieving immediate gains.] 6723: 5522: 1268:

In 2019, Dr. Abdullah Madani, writer of Al-Ayam newspaper and specialist in Asian affairs, describes in an article how a Bahraini of Persian origin once protested to him that he used his family name among the Ajams. Bahrain has brought. Madani had dedicated one of his articles to Bahrainis of Ajam of

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After the Revolution in Iran, the Iranian School was renamed to "Islamic Republic School." At that time, the school was being funded and operated by the Iranian Ministry of Education. The 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran led to a shift in the school's ideological framework and curriculum. Prior to the

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At 12:50 p.m. on March 26, 1970, London Radio announced that both Britain and Iran had submitted a request to the Secretary-General of the United Nations to send a representative from the international organization to survey the opinion of the people of Bahrain as to whether they wish to remain under

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Based on a study in 2013, the researcher noted: the linguistic and religious situation of Sunni Persians in Bahrain is thorny and sometimes it is intentionally confused between "Hole\Hawala Arabs" and "Sunni Persians". The same study also claims that Sunni Achomis did not face any systematic racism.

524:. They speak dialects very close to Luri and Kurdish, which are naturally influenced by other Hormuzi dialects and Baluchi. As for what was transmitted by the stories, they are spread over very wide borders, and speak many dialects close to Luri and Kurdish, and they are mostly known as "Balochkara." 3545:

Many of the previously mentioned families are of Persian origin based on historical records and the locations of their ancestral homelands. However, many choose to identify as Arabs to avoid discrimination or controversy. Ultimately, this often depends on the strength of their Persian cultural ties

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was a local Bahraini band that operated between 1989-2003, they are known for laying the foundation for "Bandari music," they have produced songs in Achomi (Bastaki dialect), Farsi, and Arabic. Their Bastaki song "Naz Akon Naz Akon" inspired by Yusuf Hadi Bastaki's folkloric song of the same name,

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On the origins of the name Samahīj, al-Bakri quoting others says: "Samāhīj is from Persian se (three) and māhi (fish) and hence, 'the three fish'." The sound change in the final "i < y" of the Persian form māhi is rather pronounced locally "-j" which is a phonetic feature known as "aj ajah" and

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During the early 20th century, the Iranian central government imposed new import and export taxes, The introduction of taxes was an effort to reinforce the authority of the Iranian state and draw revenue from affluent peripheral areas like Bandar Lingeh and Bushehr, which were key economic hubs in

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It is also common for these families to add "Al" (Arabic: ال), meaning "The," to their surnames to make them sound more Arabic. Some view this as abandoning or distancing themselves from their Persian roots, while others see it as a way to avoid racial issues. This shift is evident today, as many

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came to power in 1925, and his nationalist policy, there was fear of the Persians in Bahrain. Anything that happens in Iran that is annoying to Bahrain or another side of the Gulf, the pressure is immediately put on Iranians living in Bahrani or the rest of the Gulf in general, Bushehri recounts.

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columnist and journalist “Hani Al-Fardan” wrote an article in which he explained (indirectly) that a lot of people are getting in the fashion of changing their family names either for political or financial reasons, he explained “if one knew the original names and the names they changed to, they

907:, besides other subjects. It is considered one of the earliest, if not first, school to be opened in Bahrain. Between 1910 and 1919, in the absence of state-run schools on the islands, some Bahrainis attended Al-Ittihad, contributing to the development of modern education in the region. It had a 868:

By 1909, the British who were treating Iranians as foreigners in need of British protection, had convinced the Sheikh of Bahrain to oversee the Iranian migrants after spending five years of trying to convince him that they were foreigners, even though the Iranians (of Bahrain) themselves had not

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Thus the elements in the pre-Islamic ethno-linguistic situation in eastern Arabia appear to have been a mixed tribal population of partially Christianised Arabs of diverse origins who probably spoke different old Arabian vernaculars; a mobile Persian-speaking population, possibly of traders and

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in Saudi which was strengthened by oil exports, Musa Al-Ansari recounts: "I do not know why the revolution took this character in Bahrain. The fanaticism that exists in Bahrain does not exist in Iran. In Iran you will see people listening to music and songs, women in half-veils laughing in the

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board. Upon Bushehri's death in 1945, the board took over. In order to prevent confusion, the board appointed a specific member, Hasan Baljik, to act as key carrier to the matam and responsible for programs and budgetary issues. In 1971, an administrative board consisting of a president, vice

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trunks and leaf stalks. The matam was formally established in 1904 where it was decided that the matam would be renovated with rocks, clay and cement. Initially in the 1890s, the matam was primarily supported by Persian merchants, with two-thirds of the donation coming from the

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rule of Bahrain (1501–1722) and the previous Persian rules. Bahrain’s historical connection with Persian culture, particularly through the Sassanian and Achaemenid Empires, has influenced many place names and cultural elements in the region, City and village names such as

6595: 5514: 5201: 5650: 6609:[The Magi are fire worshippers and servants. Al-Qurtubi said: “(The Magi) are fire worshippers who say that the world has two origins: light and darkness.” End quote from “Tafsir al-Qurtubi” (12/23). See also “Tafsir al-Tabari” (16/485).] 3129:- towers with single or two, three or four sided openings above dwellings in order to let wind air into the building to create a current and hence cool the air inside the lower floor rooms. Now they refer to them as "Mulgaf" (ملقف) instead. 937:

Most modern migration of Iranians to Bahrain started around the year 1928, according according to the oldest document they had in 2009, but this doesn't mean they didn't exist before this period, recounts Dr. Ali Akbar Bushehri.

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distinctive to the cities they have originated from, below is a comparison chart of English, Modern Standard Arabic, Bahraini Arabic, Achomi, Standard New Persian, Bahraini/Bushehri New Persian, and Iranian/Tehrani New Persian:

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Some of the new generation of Ajams of Bahrain do not identify much religiously and do not give attention to issues such as sectarianism or over religiosity, and rather view all their peers of different backgrounds as one.

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street. Here you are an infidel if you listen to a cassette or hear singing. Bahrain is a completely different situation." Al-Qassab wonders, "where did we get all this fanatism from?" to which Al-Ansari responds "From

1101:. Bushehri recounts "The place was buzzing with Ajams, support, and prayers. Me and two of my friends were there. Everyone raises their voices in prayer except for us. For the first time, I felt that I had become a 5488: 854:

to the opposite shores. Bahrain became a primary destination for these migrants, leading to a significant increase in its Iranian population. This period also saw heightened British involvement in the region.

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They accuse us of not having loyalty. What do they mean, that we have no loyalty? The aggressor will not differentiate between an Arab and a non-Arab. We must all defend this land. That brings us together.

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revenue. The matam also had an emergency relief fund that was to be distributed to the poor and to needy individuals; the matam provided financial aid and shelter to people following the collapse of the

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political parties. This shift in support ultimately empowered Islamist factions over more liberal or democratic movements in Bahrain, sidelining her vision for a more progressive political landscape.

6762:قد يسأل البعض لماذا؟ ولكن مجرد أن تعرف اللقب الأول أو المستبدل ستفهم المغزى والهدف من التبديل والتحول والتعري منه، في موقفٍ غير منطقي سوى التبرؤ من أصولهم وعوائلهم وأنسابهم طمعاً في تحقيق مكاسب آنية 5187: 1079:

for nearly 70 years. For over seventy-five years, the school has provided education to multiple generations in Bahrain. In 1996, the "Iranian school" was shutdown by the Bahraini government.

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Arabian Humanities. Revue internationale d'archéologie et de sciences sociales sur la péninsule Arabique/International Journal of Archaeology and Social Sciences in the Arabian Peninsula

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and a well-respected figure in the Persian community, took control of the matam. Unlike his close friend, Bushehri ran the matam with other notables of the Persian community, forming a

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and Safar family, respectively. For much of the 20th century, the matam had relied on yearly donations of money and land from rich and poor members of the Persian community and from

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Would translate as "the settlement of sadness" or "the place of sorrow," as "کرب" (Karb) refers to "sadness" or "distress" and "آباد" again indicates a settled or inhabited place.

6607:المجوس هم عبدة النار، وخدامها، قال القرطبي: " (والمجوس) هم عبدة النيران القائلين أن للعالم أصلين: نور، وظلمة " انتهى من "تفسير القرطبي " (12/ 23)، وانظر"تفسير الطبري" (16/ 485). 3098:

of the house of Shaikh Isa Bin Ali looks very similar to the older ones found in Southern Iran, likely introduced to UAE and Bahrain by Migrant Iranians from the South of Iran.

5289: 6949: 5480: 4376:- ILO Governing Body Member, IOE employers VP Asia, Bahrain Chamber Board Member, University of Bahrain Board Member, Franchise Expert, Keynote Speaker. Sunni background. 7555: 1044:. It removed from us the worry of ambitions and expansion. But we got in new labyrinths and greed of a different kind wrapped in revolutionary and religious slogans." 329:

The Iranians of Bahrain are the descendants of immigrants who immigrated to this country in the 19th and 20th centuries (1800~2000 AD) from the southern provinces of

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Bushehri recounts that the "Khomeini Revolution" created a rift between the Ajams of Bahrain. Majority of Bahraini Iranians were opposed to the Revolution, but they

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The number began to increase significantly in the year 1850, and due to the natural problems that the Iranian arena faced, such as lack of rain and due to waves of

7377: 4989: 4366:- Executive Director – International Offices & Business Development (Manufacturing, Transport & Logistics) at Economic Development Board (EDB) and former 300:. Bahrainis of a Persian speaking background use this term to refer to themselves. While some others (locally in Bahrain) saw it as just a term for Ajams from a 677:, though in modern times there has been a constant migration for hundreds of years. There has always been a migration of Persian-speaking Shia into Bahrain. 1003:

British Protectorate or to have Independence or be part of Iran. Musa Al-Ansari recounts that he voted on the promise for the country to be an independent

6983: 820:, this led to immigration to a large-scale migration to Bahrain.Bushehri states that no one leaves his homeland, land, or clan unless they were forced to. 6134: 4010:

Would translate as "the peaceful settlement" or "the place of peace," with "سلم" (Salm) meaning "peace" and "آباد" implying a settled or prosperous area.

3181: 1195:. Over the centuries, both regions have vied for control of the Gulf, with influence shifting back and forth since pre-Islamic times. Notably, during the 7898:

Fuccaro, Nelida (2005), "Mapping the transnational community: Persians and the space of the city in Bahrain c.1869-1937", in Al-Rasheed, Madawi (ed.),

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While the modern SWI languages, for instance, Persian, Lori-Baḵtiāri and others, are derived directly from Old Persian through Middle Persian/Pahlavi

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In addition to this, many names of villages in Bahrain are derived from Persian, which are thought to have been as a result of influences during the

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visited Bahrain which marked the first visit of an Iranian president to Bahrain since 25 years, Khatami gave a lecture in the Arabic language at the

6523: 4140:'National Union Primary School') is known to have been in Manama, it is possible that the school at some point may have been located here. 5013: 432:

Lamardis: The people of Lamard speak Turkish, Persian, Luri, and a dialect mixed between Bushehri, Tangestani, Luri, Persian (Farsi), and Achomi.

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and Bahrain at the time when there was a conflict between the Portuguese and the Persian Empire on ruling Bahrain, notably during the time of

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and the surrounding environment, which can lead to differing views within the same family about whether their heritage is Persian or Arab.

1191:). The intertwined history of Bahrain and Iran, along with their respective peoples, dates back to at least the 5th century BCE during the 7395: 5077: 8436: 6775: 6543:

Kepel, Gilles (2006). Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam. Translated by Anthony F. Roberts (New ed.). I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1845112578.

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Bar Bar - Dobār (two times) - The word 'bar' may have been repeated to confirm the arrival of shipments or foreign cargo to the shore.

1354:" but with similarities): the main spoken Arabic dialect in Bahrain, both Bahraini and Bahrani have been influenced by local languages. 7774: 6468: 6399: 4388:- Chairman of Vision 3, Member of Bahrain Economic Development Board and former partner at Pricewaterhouse Coopers. Sunni background. 5285: 7585: 6945: 6646: 7932: 7810: 7323: 6874: 5219: 1361: 6424: 8263: 7947: 7907: 7547: 4820: 4324:

reforms were overshadowed. Despite her advocacy, she was often ignored and demonized, while the public gave their support to

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by Abdul-Nabi Al-Kazerooni, a rich Persian merchant who was a representative of the Persian community in the council of the

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The migration of the Bushehri community to Bahrain led to a significant rise in the importation of certain goods, including

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Iranians in Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates: Migration, Minorities, and Identities in the Persian Gulf Arab States

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Iranians in Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates: Migration, Minorities, and Identities in the Persian Gulf Arab States

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The name "Manāmah" was first recorded around the year 730 AH (approximately 1330 AD) during the visit of Turān Shah of

7526: 5382: 4515: 8431: 7639: 7480: 7448: 7363: 7333: 7040: 6566: 5926: 5892: 5865: 5229: 4975: 1253:, the island’s oil company, claimed to have been an attempt to open up more jobs for the native Bahraini population. 7922: 6010: 8256: 7940: 4602: 1210:; who are a minority today, often accused of "worshipping fire" as well, which is untrue as Zoroastrians worship " 449: 354: 6975: 8317: 8154: 7189: 6126: 5762: 5735: 701: 7496: 4578: 4336:, co-founder of Al-Wasat, considered one of the more popular newspapers in Bahrain by winning numerous awards 4272:

ascribed to Qudā-ah tribes as in the word Tamīmi (a person belonging to bani Tamīm tribes) realized Tamīmij.

3706:) a Shi'a scholar from Manama or Muna'ama was mentioned Shaykh Ali bin Umran bin Fayad Almuna'ami Albahrani ( 1261: 865:

According to Dr. Ali Akbar Bushehri, in the year 1905, the Ajam of Bahrain were estimated to be around 1650.

7744: 3748:, Iran – contrary to the original name, this place is not oppression, and it has become the city of lovers. 1199:, parts of the Arabian Peninsula and Iraq, now predominantly Arab-controlled, were once under Iranian rule. 7082: 5440: 3700:) and its people were referred to as Almuna'ami; in the Shia book by Sayyed Mohsen Alameen "A'yan Alshia" ( 3330:) as well, is a watery earth brick coloured sauce made from sardines and consumed with bread or other food. 6805: 5700: 4794:

Bassiouney, Reem (2009). "5". Arabic Sociolinguistics. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 105–107.

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Upon the death of Abdul-Nabi Al-Kazerooni in 1927, Abdul Nabi Bushehri, himself a Persian immigrant from

7124: 4496:, which may explain her Iranian-like appearance. She's known for her extreme pro-government role in the 823:

The period 1860-1910 is classified as the "first generation" migration by some. It includes places like

8310: 7160:"Towards a Historical Grammar of Balochi : Studies in Balochi Historical Phonology and Vocabulary" 4284: 3847:

What is it (for)? - The locals still refer to it as "Malchiyeh." Furthermore, it is named similarly to

1394:: known as "Khodmooni" in Bahrain, and sometimes referred to as "Ajami" or "Holi", a branch of the old 1020: 5009: 4542: 8227: 1250: 1048: 7888: 6077: 5995: 5948: 5887:. Syed Saud Akhtar, Babuddin Usmani (unabridged ed.). Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. pp. 421–3. 5840: 5784: 3670:

to the island. At that time, it had already been annexed by his predecessor, Tahamtam II of Hurmuz.

3363:," which translates to "Selling of the house." It has "Achomi" roots in southern Iran (particularly 3114:. The indigenous Bahrani dialect of Bahrain has also borrowed many words from Persian, for example: 7832: 7436: 6851: 6828: 4103: 4083: 3848: 1120:

In the year 2009, the Iranians of Bahrain were estimated to be around 20% of the local population.

1083: 953:" law and what these families perceived as an "extreme secularism against religion" comparable to " 219: 7962: 5577:

Lindsey Stephenson - From Neighbors to Foreigners: #Iranians in #Bahrain in the Early 20th Century

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Tribe and state in Bahrain: The transformation of social and political authority in an Arab state

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Mapping the Transnational Community: Persians and the Space of the City in Bahrain, c. 1869-1937

4638: 8069: 6621:"Bahraini results (family names are ethnically Baharna, indigenous to historic Eastern Arabia)" 4497: 3222: 3019: 2998: 2888: 2867: 2757: 2736: 2645: 2624: 2509: 2488: 2376: 2355: 2245: 2224: 2112: 2091: 2000: 1979: 1931: 1840: 1819: 1726: 1635: 1614: 1523: 1502: 1454: 1277: 1169: 759: 739:". The Christian sentiment is supported by Archaeology as Archaeologists uncovered a Christian 736: 5916: 5310:

Frye, Richard Nelson; Zarrinkoub, Abdolhosein (1975). "Section on The Arab Conquest of Iran".

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Rerouting the Persian Gulf: The Transnationalization of Iranian Migrant Networks, c.1900-1940

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in general, face discrimination, and are often called "Majoos", a term invented by Arabs for

1086:, announced many of the Ajams of Bahrain as Bahraini citizens and granted them citizenships. 1041: 996: 922:

Between 1919-1923, Members of the Iranian community asked the government to require teaching

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were originally derived from Persian, suggesting Persian influence on the island's history.

731:(Referred to as "Majus" by Arabs) inhabiting the island and cultivated coastal provinces of 8400: 8348: 8038: 8028: 8012: 7766: 6023: 5333: 4316:), a prominent figure among Bahrain’s Ajams community, faced oppression as her efforts for 3111: 1936: 1733:

lam yakun yaerif madha yafeila, faj'atan fakar 'anah yastatie aldhahab 'iilaa bayt aljumli.

1459: 1422: 1376: 1347: 621: 158: 84: 8322: 6446: 6377: 6340: 6225: 6181:[The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, took the jizya from the 8: 8287: 8201: 8159: 8139: 8124: 8079: 4135: 3741: 3678:

Speech. Originally it was called simply "Manamah" before being renamed to Al-Manamah. In

3176: 898: 828: 365: 227: 7577: 6726:[Why do you distort the history of the Huwala? It is not permissible, people.]. 3290:

president, secretary, treasurer and others was set up, all of whom were rich merchants.

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region of Iran, he single-handedly organised processions, collected donations and hired

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Some Sunni Achomis actively reject efforts to attribute Arab origins to their heritage.

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people (not to be confused with Achomis): The people of Jahrom are compromised of Fars,

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Most families are of a Shia background, although there is a number of Sunni families of

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Another local "Achomi" delicacy is "pishoo" made from rose water (golab) and agar agar.

3364: 3215: 3200: 1165: 1052: 916: 660: 342: 311: 133: 7802: 4614: 3241:) to speak at the matam. Construction started in 1882 as a specialized building where 3132:

Hast - Existing, for example Bahrainis sometimes say "Sh-hast?" (Meaning: What's up?).

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He did not know what to do, suddenly he thought that he could go to the camel's home.

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Al-Danah (فرقة الدانة البحرینیة) - This group was composed of "Janahi" family members.

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is to Muslims). It is worth noting that the majority of Bahrain's Shia population are

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The Bahraini people became considerably very religious after the 1979 events, and the

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Mohammed Al-Qassab recounts "We were proud of the revolution because it overthrew the

1011:, "I went to vote as a Bahraini, but I do not want to lose my identity as a Persian." 8185: 8180: 8134: 8089: 8084: 7996: 7991: 7903: 7719: 7476: 7444: 7369: 7359: 7329: 7216: 7132: 7109: 7036: 6047: 6018: 5969: 5922: 5888: 5861: 5810: 5758: 5731: 5353: 5225: 4981: 4971: 4816: 3683: 3356: 3348: 3103: 1430: 1411: 1285: 1192: 1183:" framework among its population is to mitigate its deep-rooted historical ties with 1173: 1114: 1072: 1028: 908: 840: 740: 674: 483: 358: 125: 4686: 4662: 4590: 8295: 8144: 8114: 8064: 7970: 7097: 6458: 6414: 6389: 5622: 5345: 4718: 4351: 4257: 4221: 4192: 4114: 4071: 4035: 3999: 3961: 3918: 3836: 3825: 3805: 3773: 3729: 3679: 3667: 3655: 3056: 3033: 2963: 2942: 2921: 2900: 2832: 2811: 2790: 2769: 2701: 2678: 2657: 2589: 2568: 2546: 2524: 2452: 2431: 2409: 2388: 2320: 2299: 2278: 2257: 2188: 2167: 2145: 2124: 2056: 2035: 2014: 1946: 1896: 1875: 1854: 1784: 1761: 1740: 1691: 1670: 1649: 1579: 1558: 1537: 1469: 1434: 1407: 1404:: a branch of Middle "Pahlavi" Persian (Pārsīk). Original tongue of the Lur people. 1365: 1306: 1281: 1280:, Bahrainis of Iranian origin or ancestry (whatever their background) cannot study 1137: 1090: 981: 923: 904: 877: 824: 817: 778: 643: 615: 595: 584: 532: 521: 510: 493: 475: 463: 441: 392: 380: 338: 203: 72: 64: 4674: 4626: 3334: 8222: 7271: 7167: 5882: 5546: 4493: 4309: 4241: 4210: 4176: 4150: 4110:

So, Dabistan can be understood as "the place of learning" or simply "a school."

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u namidanast che konad, nagahan fekr kard keh metavanad beh khaney shetar beravad

1717: 1626: 1605: 1514: 1493: 1478: 1464: 1391: 1231: 1196: 1076: 912: 774: 712:

may be the last of the "descendants of converts from the original population of

686: 670: 664: 416: 404: 369: 289: 223: 187: 138: 68: 48: 7159: 6447:"Between Modern and National Education: The 'Ajam Schools of Bahrain and Kuwait" 6378:"Between Modern and National Education: The 'Ajam Schools of Bahrain and Kuwait" 8380: 8375: 8343: 4331: 3313: 3226: 3107: 1959: 1482: 1395: 1351: 1235: 1207: 1102: 1034: 1008: 989: 873: 782: 755: 732: 725: 697: 627: 568: 562: 540: 471: 452:(Iran) province, with a new addition from the Pakistan and Afghanistan side of 166: 162: 100: 80: 7882:

Between Modern and National Education: The ‘Ajam Schools of Bahrain and Kuwait

7694: 7661: 7101: 7052: 7008: 6920: 6897: 6742: 6486: 6342:

Education in Bahrain - 1919-1986, An Analytical Study of Problems and Progress

6155: 5334:"Performing Khaleejiness on Instagram: Authenticity, hybridity, and belonging" 972:. Some families that migrated to Bahrain, Kuwait, UAE used to/still wear this. 8425: 8370: 8360: 7373: 7244:"Getting to know the dialects of Sistan and Baluchistan; from north to south" 7136: 6417:[My memories of the beginning of modern education in Bahrain (3-3)]. 6276:"From Neighbors to Foreigners: Iranians in Bahrain in the Early 20th Century" 6196: 5547:"الجناحية /البستكية/العوضية/الكوخردية/الكرمستجية................الخ - صفحة 1" 5357: 4985: 4703: 4339: 4303: 3323: 3275: 3242: 3219: 1401: 1180: 950: 851: 832: 794: 728: 635: 609: 578: 554: 437: 400: 376: 334: 238: 234: 150: 146: 76: 7854: 6307: 6127:"Archaeologists discover one of the earliest Christian buildings in Bahrain" 6096:

Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London

5675: 1164:, and their loyalty is always questioned. Sectarian conflicts following the 7881: 7742: 7518: 7221: 6182: 6176: 5374: 4485: 3391: 3254: 3250: 1800:

ou namidanast che kar koneh, yaho fekr kard keh metoneh bereh khoney shetar

1745:اُشنا فَمی چُنگ بُکُن، اِرانِ اَفِک کَت کِه اُ چی اَ خونَه ی دامونِ اُشتُری 1249:" Iranians have been deported back to Iran, many of which were working for 1141: 977: 969: 942: 836: 721: 599: 350: 211: 170: 129: 8248: 7635: 7055:[Persian (Iranian) or Ajami, do you want to learn? For everyone]. 6558: 8392: 3377:

Cham-Chamoo is a sweet naan that is made similar to Qeshm Island version.

3166:

Persians in Bahrain are known and are famous in Bahrain for bread-making.

3125: 3095: 1756:

oshna fami chong bokon, erani a fek kat ke oi chi akhonaye damone oshtori

1369: 1215: 1211: 1179:

One of the key reasons behind the Bahraini government's promotion of an "

453: 297: 104: 4478:, Deputy Secretary-General of the National Rally Democratic Association. 3694:

Some claim that Al-Manama is actually derived from Arabic Al-Muna'amah (

1398:(Pārsīk). This is the original tongue and language of the Achomi people. 1187:

and its Persian community (Ajam), as well as the indigenous Arab Shi’a (

926:(Farsi) as part of the curriculum in all schools but this was rejected. 7426: 4317: 3407: 3246: 3211: 3163:, and spirits, which distinguished them from the local Arab population. 3156: 1203: 1056: 798: 713: 387:): Iranian people's who migrated from the historical province known as 301: 6111: 5517:[Sunni Ajams in the Gulf did not face racial discrimination]. 3402:

Famous Iranian restaurants in Bahrain include "Isfahani" (named after

7248: 6419: 5349: 4521: 4367: 4321: 3856: 3794: 3687: 3608: 3327: 3261: 3196: 1311: 1302: 1109: 1064: 1024: 1004: 985: 965: 946: 945:

Sunni families have migrated from Iran to Bahrain due to the fear of

930: 388: 6463: 6394: 3090: 6702:[Why do you despise the Sunni Ajams? This is my response]. 6229: 5286:"Persian (Larestani/Khodmooni) Sunnis – A shaping force in Bahrain" 4325: 4237: 4051: 4015: 3979: 3898: 3883: 3817: 3604: 3596: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3286: 3192: 1060: 813: 763: 744: 717: 694: 293: 285: 265: 261: 253: 6011:"Social and political change in Bahrain since the First World War" 5481:"من جيران إلى أجانب: الإيرانيون في البحرين في أوائل القرن العشرين" 3260:

It was originally built with simple construction material such as

960: 5221:اللغة و الاصول اللغوية في البحرين: The Baḥārnah Dialect of Arabic 5196: 4713: 4489: 4298: 4172: 4146: 3600: 3559: 3403: 3318: 3282: 3266: 1415: 1223: 1188: 809: 709: 690: 656: 572: 558: 489: 215: 97: 7074: 6516:"KUNA : Khatami arrives in Bahrain - Politics - 16/05/2003" 4751:

States the release date is 1998-06-29, remastered on: 2001-06-22

1766:او نمی دانست چه کند، ناگهان فکر کرد که می تواند به خانه شتر برود 1722:لم يكن يعرف ماذا يفعل، فجأة فكر أنه يستطيع الذهاب إلى بيت الجمل. 1094: 4357: 4345: 4087: 3941: 3718: 3635: 3612: 3564: 3230: 3207: 3186: 1383: 1246: 1239: 1161: 1098: 859: 805: 751: 587:: Balochkara, Baloch, Jats, Russians, Africans, and some Arabs. 249: 174: 5965:

E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936, Volume 5

5674:توریستی, چهارگوشه-معرفی استان ها و شهر های ایران و جاذبه های. 4289:, current Minister of Electricity and Water Affairs of Bahrain 1160:

Iranians of Bahrain could quite often face discrimination and

8338: 6776:"With the verve of words: Learning foreign languages in Iran" 6197:"الموقع الرسمي للشيخ محمد صالح المنجد - 09- حديث مال البحرين" 5680:چهارگوشه - معرفی استان ها و شهر های ایران و جاذبه های توریستی 3753: 3588: 3550:

have adopted Arabic attire and now only speak fluent Arabic.

3360: 3352: 1227: 1219: 767: 639: 603: 548: 506: 273: 269: 257: 154: 7578:"طرز تهیه شیرینی خنفروش جنوبی با آرد برنج در کوکی میکر و فر" 7190:"Discourse Features in Balochi of Sistan: (Oral Narratives)" 3394:, is very famous in Bahrain, in addition to Iranian Grills. 3303: 1789:او نمی‌دونست چیکار کنه، یهو فکر کرد که می‌تونه بره خونه شتر. 669:

Iranian migration into Bahrain goes back to the days of the

8365: 7965: 7010:

Similarities Between Persian and Bahraini Dialect of Arabic

6103: 3270: 3152: 1273: 1184: 544: 536: 459: 412: 411:) and those with a Shia background refer to themselves as " 330: 307: 245: 142: 7743:

Bahrain International Multimedia Production (2016-08-09).

5701:"آشنایی با آداب و رسوم مردم کازرون از شهرهای تاریخی ایران" 3686:) means "letter," similar to the structure of words like " 858:

In 1904, anti-Persian rioting broke out in the markets of

7695:"العدلية... من الأرض المظلومة إلى ملتقى العشاق// البحرين" 7033: