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denoted any of the leading class of nobles in a particular polity. It was not limited to a single individual, with a meaning variously rendered as "leader", "ruler", "lord", "king", or "queen", depending on the individual. Since the
284:, boasts what may be the royal tomb of the earliest-known Mayan ruler. This tomb has been dated to 350-300 BC. It contains the earliest evidence of the institution of ajaw in the Maya Lowlands.
252:
could also be applied to persons who, in theory, recognised the overlordship of another person, dynasty, or state. When the title was given to women rulers, such as
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171:), as well as in their contemporary descendant languages (in which there may be observed some slight variations). "Ajaw" is the modernised
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244:("divine lord") indicates a sovereign leader of a polity, although the extent of the territory and influence controlled by an
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scholars. Before this standardisation, it was more commonly written as "Ahau", following the orthography of 16th-century
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Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of
American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894–1895
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variants are known. A picture of the ruler sometimes substitutes for the more abstract day sign.
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in the standard revision of Mayan orthography, put forward in 1994 by the
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412:. Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies, Inc (FAMSI).
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performed religious activities, it also designated a member of the
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Montgomery, John; Peter
Mathews; Christophe Helmke (2002–2007).
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516:, sound file and syllabic glyph example at John Montgomery's
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102:
93:
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430:"The History of the Transcription of the Mayan Languages"
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154:(this version is typical of many monumental inscriptions)
121:
inscriptions. It is also the name of the 20th day of the
427:
127:, the Maya divinatory calendar, on which a ruler's
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388:New Data from a Preclassic Tomb at Kʼo, Guatemala.
437:Amerindia, Revue d'Ethnolinguistique amérindienne
1345:
346:
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167:both those in pre-Columbian use (such as in
364:. Wayeb and Leiden University. p. 16.
351:Kettunen, Harri; Christophe Helmke (2005).
326:. Wayeb and Leiden University. p. 32.
313:Kettunen, Harri; Christophe Helmke (2005).
546:
532:
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
385:John Tomasic and Steven Bozarth (2011),
135:
32:This article includes a list of general
410:Maya Hieroglyphic writing: Dictionaries
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553:
527:
263:
18:
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38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
16:Pre-Columbian Maya political title
14:
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368:from the original on 17 June 2007
330:from the original on 17 June 2007
204:, the representation of the word
615:
416:from the original on 7 June 2007
403:"Dictionary of Maya Hieroglyphs"
354:Introduction to Maya Hieroglyphs
316:Introduction to Maya Hieroglyphs
163:The word is known from several
89:
23:
518:Dictionary of Maya Hieroglyphs,
487:U.S. Government Printing Office
190:in Spanish transcriptions (now
471:"Day Symbols of the Maya Year"
379:
306:
272:, associated with the Classic
216:. In either case, quite a few
143:for the 20th named-day of the
117:political title attested from
1:
299:
158:
479:Bureau of American Ethnology
428:Osborne, Deborah (1994–95).
182:, and now widely adopted by
133:-ending rituals would fall.
7:
287:
268:The archaeological site of
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1380:
1268:Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kʼawiil
223:
194:in the modernised style).
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1016:
923:Annals of the Cakchiquels
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859:
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624:
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520:published online at FAMSI
473:. In J. W. Powell (ed.).
248:varied considerably, and
180:Academia de Lenguas Mayas
1283:Yuknoom Yichʼaak Kʼahkʼ
1243:Kʼakʼ Tiliw Chan Yopaat
483:Smithsonian Institution
53:more precise citations.
280:located in modern-day
155:
1258:Kʼinich Yax Kʼukʼ Moʼ
1248:Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal
1007:Título de Totonicapán
580:Classic Maya collapse
208:could be as either a
139:
1263:Kʼinich Yoʼnal Ahk I
986:Ritual of the Bacabs
647:Twin-pyramid complex
489:. pp. 199–266.
1228:Bʼalaj Chan Kʼawiil
1198:Xmucane and Xpiacoc
993:Songs of Dzitbalché
391:Kansas.academia.edu
1253:Kʼinich Yat Ahk II
1061:Howler monkey gods
439:. 19–20: 435–442.
199:Maya hieroglyphics
156:
1354:Maya inscriptions
1341:
1340:
1278:Yuknoom Chʼeen II
1238:Itzam Kʼan Ahk II
556:Maya civilization
499:Project Gutenberg
477:. Washington DC:
264:Earliest evidence
212:, or spelled-out
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112:pre-Columbian
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35:
30:
21:
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1364:Noble titles
1193:Vucub Caquix
1152:
1121:Ah-Muzen-Cab
1112:Post-Classic
1101:Moon goddess
1005:
998:
991:
984:
979:Rabinal Achí
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948:
941:
930:Chilam Balam
928:
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632:Architecture
517:
497:– via
474:
456:. Retrieved
449:the original
436:
418:. Retrieved
409:
387:
381:
370:. Retrieved
353:
332:. Retrieved
315:
308:
294:Halach Uinik
267:
254:K'awiil Ajaw
249:
245:
241:
233:
228:
227:
214:syllabically
205:
196:
191:
188:Yucatec Maya
179:
169:Classic Maya
162:
151:
128:
122:
85:
81:
80:
65:
56:
37:
1333:Yohl Ikʼnal
1168:Hun Hunahpu
1086:Kinich Ahau
1076:Jaguar gods
250:kʼuhul ajaw
242:kʼuhul ajaw
173:orthography
51:introducing
1348:Categories
1183:Qʼuqʼumatz
1056:Hero Twins
1041:Death gods
915:Literature
851:Households
817:Priesthood
458:2007-05-08
420:2007-05-08
372:2022-11-13
334:2022-11-13
300:References
177:Guatemalan
159:Background
119:epigraphic
34:references
1323:Sak Kʼukʼ
1153:Popol Vuh
1091:Maize god
1051:Goddess I
972:Popol Vuh
822:Sacrifice
805:Midwifery
795:Childhood
745:Mythology
708:Languages
595:Guatemala
445:0221-8852
282:Guatemala
274:Maya city
59:July 2010
1318:Lady Xoc
1178:Jacawitz
1163:Camazotz
1146:Yum Kaax
1141:Kukulkan
901:Tzolkʼin
862:Calendar
812:Religion
770:Textiles
750:Numerals
735:Medicine
730:Mayanist
671:Ceramics
664:Graffiti
495:14963920
469:(1897).
414:Archived
366:Archived
328:Archived
288:See also
210:logogram
184:Mayanist
141:Logogram
124:tzolkʼin
1208:Zipacna
1173:Huracan
1081:Kʼawiil
1066:Itzamna
1027:Classic
1019:Deities
949:Grolier
942:Dresden
936:Codices
786:Society
775:Warfare
713:Classic
691:Economy
681:Cuisine
652:Revival
637:E-Group
605:Yucatán
590:Chiapas
566:History
224:Meaning
218:glyphic
197:In the
192:Yukatek
150:cycle,
145:Tzolkin
47:improve
1294:Queens
1158:Awilix
1106:Yopaat
1071:Ixchel
956:Madrid
886:Kʼatun
876:Baktun
765:Stelae
755:People
718:Script
676:Cities
625:Topics
514:'AJAW'
493:
443:
278:Holmul
130:kʼatun
36:, but
1219:Kings
1203:Xquic
1188:Tohil
1136:Ixtab
1046:God L
1036:Chaac
1031:Bacab
963:Paris
906:Winal
881:Haabʼ
800:Women
760:Sites
740:Music
696:Trade
686:Dance
600:Petén
452:(PDF)
433:(PDF)
1131:Chin
1126:Akna
1116:Acat
891:Kʼin
871:Ajaw
844:Ajaw
723:List
491:OCLC
441:ISSN
258:Coba
246:ajaw
234:ajaw
229:Ajaw
206:ajaw
152:Ajaw
115:Maya
86:Ahau
82:Ajaw
1096:Mam
896:Tun
659:Art
360:PDF
322:PDF
276:of
270:Kʼo
84:or
1350::
485:;
481:,
435:.
408:.
343:^
103:aʊ
94:ɑː
547:e
540:t
533:v
501:.
461:.
423:.
375:.
362:)
358:(
337:.
324:)
320:(
106:/
100:x
97:ˈ
91:/
72:)
66:(
61:)
57:(
43:.
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