908:
mechanism from
Scotland. The road to the lighthouse had to be blasted out of solid rock and took ten months to complete. Construction of the lighthouse finally began in 1879. Unfortunately, a southerly storm demolished the framework completely and work had to start again from scratch, this time with a stronger design. The 8.5 m (28 ft) tall light house was completed in 1880 and when operating, its light could be seen 37 km (23 mi) away. A telephone was installed in the lighthouse in 1885, and a kerosene generator was installed in 1935, allowing the light to be automated. This was converted to diesel in 1951. In 1977 a new automatic lighthouse was built to replace the original staffed lighthouse. In 1980, the original lighthouse was moved in pieces and then reassembled in its current position in the town of Akaroa. The Akaroa lighthouse is open for viewing on Sundays and on days when cruise ships visit the town.
991:
1003:
62:
1442:
900:
1407:
1423:
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467:, his wife Te Whe and his young daughter, Roimata. The settlement of Takapūneke was sacked. Several hundred were killed and dozens enslaved. Stewart could not be convicted of murder owing to the lack of a suitable legal system in New Zealand at the time. This incident was one of several lawless acts committed by Stewart around this time. The actions of John Stewart were examples of other incidents of lawlessness among Europeans in New Zealand, which contributed to the appointment of an official British Resident
1388:
46:
613:, of the Colonial Office, instructed the New Zealand authorities in 1845 to grant 30,000 acres to the Nanto-Bordelaise Company. This grant never actually happened at that time and the 30,000 acres were never clearly defined, but all concerned acted as if the company now owned that land. The company by then was in a dire financial position and was keen to raise funds by selling that land, which it did before becoming insolvent in 1849. Some land was sold to individual settlers but most was bought by the
3136:
979:
596:), French Town (Akaroa) and the hill behind. For the first six years, the settlers were outnumbered by a large contingent of French sailors and naval officers. They were all part of a sizeable infrastructure that included Catholic missionaries, churches, and priests taking classes. In addition, there was a French mayor, French doctors in a French hospital and a French store. There were also French by-laws and a French court of justice.
491:
3124:
69:
796:. There were 288 households, comprising 375 males and 378 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.99 males per female. The median age was 55.3 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 63 people (8.3%) aged under 15 years, 108 (14.3%) aged 15 to 29, 339 (44.8%) aged 30 to 64, and 240 (31.7%) aged 65 or older.
877:
Akaroa's first primary school opened in 1857, and the first high school followed in 1883. The high school was for boys only in the first year but became co-educational in the second year. However, in 1900 it closed due to a lack of paying students. The next year, it re-opened as a free
District High
659:
arrived in Akaroa on 16 August 1840, although the captain's log shows the arrival date as 11 August. Captain
Stanley raised the British flag, and held a court at each of the occupied settlements, to convince the French that the area was indeed under British control. A monument at the eastern edge of
591:
would provide a less than subtle welcome for the soon to arrive French settlers and squash any sovereignty pretentions Lavaud might have had. Back in the Bay of
Islands, while discussions on land rights took place, the French colonisation continued. On 18 August 1840, the settlement at Akaroa began,
511:
or cross. The price was 1,000 francs (£40), with a deposit of 150 francs (£6) paid in goods and the remainder to be paid upon
Langlois' return from France with settlers. When the settlers later did arrive, the British authorities – who had in the meantime taken possession of the whole of New Zealand
921:
This church had its foundation stone laid in
November 1876 and was completed in 1878. It is located at the Onuku marae. It was built out of timber with a pitched shingle roof. It has a bell turret and room for 60 parishioners. After falling into disrepair around 1939, work was completed to restore
844:
Of those at least 15 years old, 126 (18.2%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 87 (12.6%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $ 31,800, compared with $ 31,800 nationally. 81 people (11.7%) earned over $ 70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of
971:
church was completed in 1886, thirty years after the first
Presbyterian services were held in a private home. Built in the Gothic revival style with a steep roof, it was designed by Christchurch architect, John Whitelaw. In 1912, a church hall was added. It was listed by Heritage New Zealand as a
526:
The company is comparable to the
British "New Zealand Association" (later a company) but unlike the British, who arranged for all land sold by the indigenous Māori to go through its government representative, the French government planned to have Māori land sales arranged through the company. The
498:
In the 1830s, France developed extensive plans for colonial expansion, including into the
Pacific where at that time it had no colonies. This included the South Island of New Zealand. The tiny settlement established at Akaroa can be viewed in the context of that failed, wider project. In 1838, a
707:
Akaroa was described as a “long favourite holiday haven not only for New
Zealanders but visitors from Australia and the Old World” in 1903. At this time, most of Akaroa was concentrated around the waterfront with only a few houses built on the hillsides. The population living in Akaroa was 559
600:
established his first European station in Akaroa in 1840 as the French immigrants were all nominally Catholic. However, he closed the station in disgust, due to the religious apathy of the French immigrants. The area still shows a French influence, prominent in many local place names. It is the
907:
The Akaroa lighthouse has sat at Cemetery Point in the township since 1980. For the 100 years prior to that, it was located 82 m (270 ft) above sea level on a headland at Akaroa heads. The original site was chosen in 1875. In 1877, the lens and mount were ordered from France and the
886:
The Akaroa museum, first opened in 1964, concentrates on the history of Akaroa and the Banks Peninsula. It is located at 71 Rue Lavaud and includes within the museum complex: the 1850s customs house, the 1878 court house and the 1840s Langlois-Eteveneaux cottage. In 2023, the museum put on an
617:, which had still not decided on a place in the area to establish its own settlement. To the indignation of Langlois, the Nanto-Bordelaise Company had sold all its remaining land on the peninsula for £4,500. So by 1849, the French settlers were on their own in a British colony.
696:
Akaroa was described in 1854 as “altogether very like a small seaside village in England”. In 1878, there were only ten French born residents in the town of Akaroa out of a population of 642 people. A further 27 French born people lived outside the town boundaries.
711:
The main wharf at Akaroa was built in 1887. Plans were made in 2022 to rebuild the main wharf in the same position that it currently is, as it was nearing the end of its useable life. The rebuild is expected to cost $ 19.1 million and be completed by 30 June 2025.
604:
Meanwhile, the British dismissed the Nanto-Bordelaise Company's claim as it was not based on British law, but only after extensive and complex negotiations had taken place with Māori and the French, represented by Commadore Lavaud and the company's urbane agent,
1030:
A water supply scheme in Akaroa provides drinking water for around 1000 properties in the Akaroa township, and a further 130 properties in Takamatua. Water is sourced from four streams and two wells, and is treated at the L'Aube Hill water treatment plant.
692:
sailed into Akaroa Harbour. It was bound for Auckland however forty of the passengers decided to stay in Akaroa. The British immigrants settled at the southern end of Akaroa with the French living at the northern end with a small bay separating the two.
527:
model treaties for land acquisition sent out from France can be compared with the Treaty of Waitangi, used by the British as their way of acquiring Māori land. The French government became involved and to send out the settlers it supplied the warship,
703:
Daly's wharf was built between 1863 and 1865 and refurbished in 1914. Located at the end of Rue Balguerie, it has been used by coastal ships and fishing boats. At the end of the wharf, an octagonal building with a turret roof was built by 1932.
3036:
According to the Deed of Purchase, the goods equivalent to the 150 francs deposit were one woollen overcoat, six pairs of cloth trousers, 12 oilskin hats, two pairs of shoes, a pistol, two pairs of red woollen shirts and one oilskin
878:
School. It moved to the current site in 1935. In 2007, the primary school was merged with it to form Akaroa Area School. This is now a co-educational composite school covering years 1 to 13, with a roll of 125 as of August 2024.
869:. In the summer of 2009–10, Akaroa was visited by seven cruise ships. This increased to ninety cruise ships in 2019 and 2020. The numbers reduced to 19 cruise ships in 2022 with the opening of Lyttelton cruise ship berth.
609:. Land ownership discussions dragged on until 1849, and by then both governments back in Europe had become involved. Given that the French colonists had set out for New Zealand on the assumption that they owned the land,
663:
James Robinson Clough, also known as Jimmy Robinson, had arrived at Akaroa several years before. He acted as interpreter for Captain Owen Stanley at the flag-raising of 1840, and was the first European to travel up the
720:
Akaroa is defined by Statistics New Zealand as a rural settlement, and covers 2.03 km (0.78 sq mi). It had an estimated population of 770 as of June 2023, with a population density of 379 people per km.
958:
style and was completed in 1863. It replaced the previous Anglican church which was built eleven years earlier in 1852. A pipe organ was added in 1869. Benjamin Mountfort designed the transepts and chancel in 1877.
483:
1406:
700:
Businesses grew in Akaroa and by 1883 there were five builders, four confectioners, eight general stores, five milk-sellers, four shoemakers, two bankers, five milliners and five blacksmiths.
571:. Hobson, who was now Governor, wanted there to be no doubt that British sovereignty extended over all New Zealand and so to counter any potential threat to that situation, he dispatched the
2027:
451:
at the head of Akaroa Harbour. There were an estimated 400 Kāi Tahu in the pā and most were killed, with only the strongest taken as slaves. The captain of the British brig
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After being informed of the French intention to colonise Akaroa and to further its use as a whaling port, the Lieutenant-Governor of New Zealand, Captain
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and built in 1865 out of timber. A porch was added in 1886 and a bell tower in 1893. A stained glass window depicting the crucifixion was added in 1930.
520:
3643:
861:
at the harbour entrance. 'Swim with the dolphins' boat tours are a major tourist attraction. Akaroa became a popular cruise ship destination after the
523:. Langlois ceded his supposed Banks Peninsula title to the company, took a minor shareholding and was entrusted with the whaling side of the venture.
474:
The earliest European settlers used Akaroa as a whaling base. Akaroa is now one of the few whaling bases in New Zealand that still exists as a town.
3370:
2767:
1770:
3326:
3304:
681:) farms. The great majority of the artifacts currently held at Akaroa Museum are of the early farming community and their way of life at the time.
3435:
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3400:
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3299:
2667:
2642:
2213:
2080:
3648:
3341:
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587:
settlers had recently arrived and established their own fledgling government, and thence to Akaroa. Once there, Britomart and fluttering
372:
93:
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3252:
3607:
1659:
61:
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While back in France, Langlois had raised capital from wealthy businessmen to fund the planned whaling and colonising venture. The
250:
195:
2717:
2538:
3425:
3390:
845:
those at least 15 was that 327 (47.2%) people were employed full-time, 111 (16.0%) were part-time, and 9 (1.3%) were unemployed.
1464:
2487:
821:
Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 44.4% had no religion, 34.9% were
567:
had proclaimed British sovereignty over all New Zealand on 21 May, and that the main South Island Māori chiefs had signed the
435:, east of the current town of Akaroa, was the scene of a notorious incident. It followed an earlier incident in 1832 in which
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3000:
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Before 1840, the area of the current Akaroa town was also known as Wangaloa. The French at first called their settlement
1387:
1488:
512:– decided a valid sale had not taken place in 1838, relying for their decision on English law and Māori oral evidence.
1441:
45:
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3005:
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2064:
2003:
1847:
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2185:
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393:. It is set on a sheltered harbour and is overlooked and surrounded by the remnants of an eruptive centre of the
20:
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1014:
390:
3155:
3185:
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church to be built in Akaroa, replacing the two earlier churches. It was designed by Christchurch architects
2381:
1953:
551:
3569:
3283:
2929:
1567:
1482:
862:
592:
with 57 settlers including 12 Germans. (Some had died en route.) The settlers' land was around German Bay (
538:
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955:
822:
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3549:
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1476:
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3352:
2437:
2218:
665:
219:
148:
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the church and add traditional carved panels to the porch. Services were held regularly until 1963.
500:
182:
3638:
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597:
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309:
125:
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3128:
838:
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808:
793:
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785:
397:
138:
3359:
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1571:
866:
229:
3200:
3489:
3484:
3479:
1515:
858:
532:
503:, wrote up a questionable deed of purchase for "the greater Banks Peninsula" to which twelve
237:
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812:
482:
978:
8:
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614:
584:
2283:"From 90 to 19: Drop in number of cruise ships returning to Banks Peninsula this summer"
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which displayed a photographic history of Banks Peninsula starting in the early 1840s.
677:
629:
568:
376:
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2336:"Fewer Hector's dolphins in harbour after cruise ship activity ramped up, study finds"
1840:
The Newest Country in the World - A History of New Zealand in the Decade of the Treaty
1413:
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2060:
1999:
1843:
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343:
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1612:
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1412:
View of Akaroa harbour; the long, thin peninsula extending out into the harbour is
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968:
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818:
The percentage of people born overseas was 34.9, compared with 27.1% nationally.
563:
in the North Island on 11 July 1840, where they learned that during their voyage
464:
339:
255:
815:, and 2.8% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
804:
3247:
3139:
3060:
641:
564:
560:
351:
601:
oldest town in Canterbury and one of the most historic places in New Zealand.
556:, whose role was also to oversea French whaling interests around New Zealand.
3627:
3524:
3346:
3310:
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1498:
415:
and its Ōnuku Rūnanga branch, is located in Akaroa. It includes the Karaweko
108:
95:
3612:
3046:
It was renamed during the First World War as a mark of anti-German sentiment
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440:
432:
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1739:
939:
460:
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347:
263:
200:
3150:
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675:), along with many German farmers, who set up dairy, sheep and cocksfoot (
668:
in 1843. Clough's descendants are still prominent on the Peninsula today.
504:
456:
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355:
327:
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951:
800:
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588:
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242:
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580:
572:
1585:
508:
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3415:
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2589:"Akaroa Lighthouse Preservation Society » Akaroa & The Bays"
672:
593:
3589:
3455:
3514:
3499:
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418:
3602:
394:
1473:(born 1953), former mayor of Banks Peninsula and former resident
490:
3405:
3123:
2614:"TE WHARE KARAKIA O ŌNUKU AND SETTING – 392 ONUKU ROAD, AKAROA"
2462:
2309:"Cruise ship impact on Akaroa needs more research report finds"
3430:
2793:"CliFlo – National Climate Database : Akaroa,Rue Lavaud"
1562:
1560:
406:
3585:
2106:"DALY'S WHARF, SHELTER AND SETTING 1A RUE BALGUERIE, AKAROA"
1626:
444:
2792:
1975:
1907:
1965:
1963:
1797:
1795:
1604:
1557:
671:
British immigrants settled in both Akaroa and German Bay (
494:
An Akaroa street sign showing French-language street names
3160:
1919:
1883:
1807:
1722:
1720:
1705:
322:
857:
can be found within the harbour, and in the area of the
2258:"Ban on new dolphin tourism ventures in Akaroa Harbour"
1960:
1856:
1792:
1683:
1681:
3081:
2216:. Statistics New Zealand. March 2020. Akaroa (333500).
1819:
1717:
1591:
2488:"Tracing a century of photography on Banks Peninsula"
1693:
1895:
1678:
1637:
385:
The town is 84 kilometres (52 mi) by road from
2386:
2231:"Swimming with dolphins in Akaroa tops NZ must-dos"
1479:(1832–1899), sawmiller, builder and mayor of Akaroa
3082:The Royal Society of New Zealand (February 1958).
2895:
2893:
2059:. Dunedin, New Zealand: John McIndoe. p. 14.
925:
792:, and an increase of 165 people (27.9%) since the
439:, fresh from his successful three-month siege of
3625:
3067:(3rd ed.). Phillips & King Publishers.
1485:(1890–1982), school principal and educationalist
945:
3146:Images of Akaroa in the 1850s by Charles Meryon
2890:
1501:(1872–1943), sailor and explorer who served on
3156:THE STORY OF THE FRENCH COLONISATION OF AKAROA
2208:
2206:
962:
788:, an increase of 111 people (17.2%) since the
3186:
3151:Land tenure - New Zealand - Canterbury Region
3085:New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics
2160:"$ 19.1 million Akaroa Wharf plan progresses"
738:
519:was set up, with the major shareholder being
3088:. The Royal Society of New Zealand. p.
2214:"Statistical area 1 dataset for 2018 Census"
1998:. Rosedale, North Shore: Raupo. p. 19.
3065:Banks Peninsula : Cradle of Canterbury
2203:
2025:
708:people with a total of 124 houses in 1901.
660:the town commemorates the British arrival.
416:
404:
367:in standard Māori. The area was also named
362:
361:for "Long Harbour", which would be spelled
3193:
3179:
2026:John Wilson, Louise Beaumont (June 2009).
1740:"French colonists in Akaroa, South Island"
1654:
1652:
3644:Populated places in the Canterbury Region
2438:"Organisation details | Museums Aotearoa"
1994:Reed, A. W. (2010). Peter Dowling (ed.).
684:Arriving from England in April 1850, the
655:over the area for the British Crown. HMS
3096:
2255:
1981:
1969:
1925:
1913:
1901:
1889:
1862:
1825:
1813:
1801:
1726:
1711:
1699:
1619:
898:
489:
481:
3059:
2899:
2256:Mitchell, Charlie (18 September 2016).
1942:. New Zealand: Penguin. pp. 170–1.
1879:. New Zealand: Penguin. pp. 170–1.
1687:
1649:
1643:
1597:
463:, to capture the local Kāi Tahu chief,
50:Akaroa township and main wharf, in 2004
28:Place in Canterbury Region, New Zealand
3626:
2900:Easther, Elisabeth (31 January 2014).
2333:
2054:
1568:"Population estimate tables - NZ.Stat"
1534:
1532:
954:church was built out of timber in the
853:Akaroa is a popular resort town. Many
784:Akaroa had a population of 756 at the
166:Te Pātaka o Rākaihautū Banks Peninsula
3174:
2928:
2872:"Buckland, Jessie Lillian, 1878–1939"
2021:
2019:
2017:
2015:
1764:
1762:
1760:
635:
537:. On 9 March 1840, 63 emigrants left
531:, fitted out as a whaler and renamed
81:Location of Akaroa in Banks Peninsula
3649:Populated places established in 1840
2993:
2785:
2643:"ST PATRICK'S ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH"
2382:Education Counts: Akaroa Area School
1993:
1937:
1874:
1837:
1768:
1452:
1043:Climate data for Akaroa (1991–2020)
972:category two historic place in 1990.
894:
545:, a 28-gun corvette under Commodore
477:
455:, John Stewart, helped North Island
3040:
3030:
3001:Dictionary of New Zealand Biography
2969:Dictionary of New Zealand Biography
2964:"William Arthur Greener Penlington"
2821:Dictionary of New Zealand Biography
2396:. New Zealand Ministry of Education
1660:"Captain Stewart and the Elizabeth"
1529:
1507:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition
486:Charles François Lavaud (1798-1878)
283:2.03 km (0.78 sq mi)
13:
3664:Landforms of the Canterbury Region
2012:
1940:The Penguin History of New Zealand
1877:The Penguin History of New Zealand
1757:
733:
350:of New Zealand, situated within a
216: • Territorial Authority
14:
3690:
3116:
3006:Ministry for Culture and Heritage
2974:Ministry for Culture and Heritage
2826:Ministry for Culture and Heritage
2416:"Akaroa Museum | Christchurch NZ"
2334:Allott, Amber (21 October 2022).
2219:2018 Census place summary: Akaroa
1664:Ministry for Culture and Heritage
1592:Royal Society & February 1958
431:In 1830, the Māori settlement at
3134:
3122:
2961:
2813:
1491:(born 1945), botanist living at
1440:
1421:
1405:
1386:
1013:
1001:
989:
977:
799:Ethnicities were 82.5% European/
67:
60:
44:
2987:
2955:
2922:
2876:National Library of New Zealand
2864:
2839:
2807:
2760:
2743:"Trinity Church (Presbyterian)"
2735:
2710:
2685:
2660:
2635:
2606:
2581:
2556:
2531:
2506:
2480:
2455:
2430:
2408:
2394:"New Zealand Schools Directory"
2375:
2353:
2327:
2301:
2275:
2249:
2223:
2178:
2152:
2127:
2098:
2073:
2048:
1987:
1946:
1931:
1868:
1831:
1732:
1416:, and the middle of the volcano
996:Saint Patrick's Catholic church
926:Saint Patrick's Catholic church
916:
715:
541:. They were accompanied by the
21:Akaroa (New Zealand electorate)
16:Town in Canterbury, New Zealand
2693:"St Peter's Church (Anglican)"
1393:Akaroa Head Lighthouse (built
1372:Source: NIWA (rain 1971–2000)
841:and 4.0% had other religions.
68:
1:
2718:"TRINITY PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH"
2164:Otago Daily Times Online News
1522:
1429:
1394:
1302:Average rainfall mm (inches)
1008:Saint Peter's Anglican church
946:Saint Peter's Anglican church
226: • Regional council
3570:Te Onepoto / Taylors Mistake
3456:Te Rāpaki-o-Te Rakiwhakaputa
3142:travel guide from Wikivoyage
2768:"Where our water comes from"
2668:"ST PETER'S ANGLICAN CHURCH"
2028:"Akaroa Historical Overview"
1025:
872:
7:
3669:English-New Zealand culture
2463:"Home : Akaroa Museum"
1842:. Penguin. pp. 47–49.
1780:. The New Zealand Institute
1775:at Akaroa, in August, 1840"
1633:. Te Potiki National Trust.
1605:"Te Kāhui Māngai directory"
1232:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
1092:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
1020:Trinity Presbyterian church
963:Trinity Presbyterian church
911:
863:2011 Canterbury Earthquakes
411:(tribal meeting ground) of
10:
3695:
3674:French-New Zealand culture
3053:
2847:"Buckland, Jessie Lillian"
2722:www.akaroacivictrust.co.nz
2672:www.akaroacivictrust.co.nz
2647:www.akaroacivictrust.co.nz
2543:www.akaroacivictrust.co.nz
2442:www.museumsaotearoa.org.nz
2085:www.akaroacivictrust.co.nz
1996:Place Names of New Zealand
1428:The Gaiety, Akaroa (built
1379:
1371:
1042:
1034:
848:
426:
18:
3583:
3469:
3218:
2816:"Jessie Lillian Buckland"
2772:Christchurch City Council
2621:Christchurch City Council
2190:Christchurch City Council
2139:Christchurch City Council
2113:Christchurch City Council
2035:Christchurch City Council
1495:over the hill from Akaroa
1461:(1878–1939), photographer
1301:
1231:
1161:
1091:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
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1047:
903:Akaroa lighthouse in 2011
881:
777:
751:—
607:Pierre-Joseph de Belligny
559:The ships arrived in the
320:
308:
300:
292:
287:
279:
274:
261:
248:
235:
225:
220:Christchurch City Council
215:
210:
188:
178:
170:
162:
154:
144:
134:
124:
89:
55:
43:
33:
3659:Volcanoes of New Zealand
3097:Tremewan, Peter (2010).
3023:
1540:"ArcGIS Web Application"
517:Nanto-Bordelaise Company
507:chiefs each added their
471:to New Zealand in 1832.
352:harbour of the same name
19:For the electorate, see
3161:Akaroa official website
2996:"Worsley, Frank Arthur"
2237:. ODT. 28 February 2017
2055:Turner, Gwenda (1977).
1544:statsnz.maps.arcgis.com
1467:(1844–1909), politician
827:Māori religious beliefs
786:2018 New Zealand census
547:Charles-François Lavaud
398:Banks Peninsula Volcano
389:and is the terminus of
304:380/km (980/sq mi)
2907:The New Zealand Herald
2361:"Brief School History"
1938:King, Michael (2003).
1875:King, Michael (2003).
1769:Andersen, Johannes C.
1744:New Zealand in History
1572:Statistics New Zealand
904:
501:Jean François Langlois
495:
487:
417:
405:
363:
230:Environment Canterbury
183:Jean François Langlois
109:43.80417°S 172.96667°E
3101:(2nd ed.). CUP.
902:
859:Akaroa Marine Reserve
725:Historical population
493:
485:
354:. The name Akaroa is
238:Mayor of Christchurch
3131:at Wikimedia Commons
2938:Macdonald Dictionary
2934:"William Penlington"
2747:Heritage New Zealand
2697:Heritage New Zealand
2518:Heritage New Zealand
2363:. Akaroa Area School
1954:"SettlementatAkaroa"
1771:"The Mission of the
865:damaged the port of
666:Avon River / Ōtākaro
301: • Density
114:-43.80417; 172.96667
3540:Murray Aynsley Hill
2539:"AKAROA LIGHTHOUSE"
2514:"Akaroa Lighthouse"
2467:akaroamuseum.org.nz
1984:, pp. 279–293.
1916:, pp. 259–275.
1838:Moon, Paul (2007).
1162:Daily mean °C (°F)
930:This was the third
726:
632:from 1830 to 1848.
622:Port Louis-Philippe
615:New Zealand Company
585:New Zealand Company
579:, to call first at
375:after the reigning
369:Port Louis-Philippe
338:is a small town on
171:European settlement
105: /
38:Port Louis-Philippe
3396:Orton Bradley Park
3166:Akaroa Civic Trust
1666:. 20 December 2012
1483:William Penlington
1477:William Penlington
936:Benjamin Mountfort
905:
887:exhibition called
724:
678:Dactylis glomerata
636:British settlement
630:King of the French
569:Treaty of Waitangi
496:
488:
293: • Total
280: • Total
251:Banks Peninsula MP
3654:Miocene volcanoes
3621:
3620:
3127:Media related to
3108:978-1-877257-97-1
3074:978-0-9583315-7-9
2942:Canterbury Museum
2930:Macdonald, George
2902:"Kia ora: Akaroa"
2418:. 2 December 2019
2315:. 13 October 2019
2115:. 15 January 2015
1928:, pp. 18–19.
1892:, pp. 13–19.
1816:, pp. 55–57.
1594:, pp. 207ff.
1509:of 1914–1916, as
1503:Ernest Shackleton
1453:Notable residents
1447:Akaroa Main Wharf
1376:
1375:
895:Akaroa lighthouse
855:Hector's dolphins
782:
781:
688:, needing repairs
628:, who reigned as
598:Bishop Pompallier
521:Adolphe Balguerie
478:French settlement
423:(meeting house).
344:Canterbury Region
333:
332:
149:Christchurch City
139:Canterbury Region
3686:
3679:Louis Philippe I
3505:Heathcote Valley
3195:
3188:
3181:
3172:
3171:
3138:
3126:
3112:
3093:
3078:
3047:
3044:
3038:
3034:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3012:
2994:Dennerly, P. Y.
2991:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2959:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2926:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2897:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2883:
2878:. 1 January 1878
2868:
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2859:
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2046:
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2041:
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2023:
2010:
2009:
1991:
1985:
1979:
1973:
1967:
1958:
1957:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1935:
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1917:
1911:
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1779:
1766:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1750:
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1730:
1724:
1715:
1714:, p. 16-17.
1709:
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1040:
1039:
1017:
1005:
993:
981:
889:Catching Shadows
740:
735:
727:
723:
644:, sent the ship
626:Louis Philippe I
555:
499:whaler, Captain
422:
410:
391:State Highway 75
380:Louis Philippe I
366:
120:
119:
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64:
48:
31:
30:
3694:
3693:
3689:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3684:
3683:
3639:Banks Peninsula
3624:
3623:
3622:
3617:
3598:Ōnawe Peninsula
3579:
3560:St Andrews Hill
3465:
3371:McQueens Valley
3284:Diamond Harbour
3214:
3203:Banks Peninsula
3201:Settlements of
3199:
3119:
3109:
3075:
3061:Ogilvie, Gordon
3056:
3051:
3050:
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3041:
3035:
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2855:
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2840:
2830:
2828:
2814:Main, William.
2812:
2808:
2798:
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2649:
2641:
2640:
2636:
2626:
2624:
2623:. 8 August 2014
2616:
2612:
2611:
2607:
2597:
2595:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2572:
2570:
2568:www.doc.govt.nz
2562:
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2547:
2545:
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2497:
2495:
2494:. 18 April 2023
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2087:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2067:
2053:
2049:
2039:
2037:
2030:
2024:
2013:
2006:
1992:
1988:
1980:
1976:
1968:
1961:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1936:
1932:
1924:
1920:
1912:
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1603:
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1586:
1576:
1574:
1566:
1565:
1558:
1548:
1546:
1538:
1537:
1530:
1525:
1493:Hinewai Reserve
1459:Jessie Buckland
1455:
1448:
1445:
1436:
1432:
1426:
1417:
1414:Ōnawe Peninsula
1410:
1401:
1397:
1391:
1382:
1377:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
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997:
994:
985:
982:
965:
948:
928:
919:
914:
897:
884:
875:
851:
718:
638:
549:
480:
465:Tama-i-hara-nui
449:Ōnawe Peninsula
429:
403:Ōnuku marae, a
373:French settlers
340:Banks Peninsula
316:
264:Te Tai Tonga MP
256:Vanessa Weenink
206:
196:Banks Peninsula
158:Banks Peninsula
113:
111:
107:
104:
99:
96:
94:
92:
91:
85:
84:
83:
82:
79:
78:
77:
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72:
51:
39:
36:
29:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3692:
3682:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
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3646:
3641:
3636:
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3594:
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3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3356:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3327:Kaituna Valley
3324:
3319:
3314:
3307:
3305:Gebbies Valley
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3248:Birdlings Flat
3245:
3240:
3235:
3228:
3222:
3220:
3216:
3215:
3198:
3197:
3190:
3183:
3175:
3169:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3132:
3118:
3117:External links
3115:
3114:
3113:
3107:
3094:
3079:
3073:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3039:
3028:
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3019:
3018:
2986:
2954:
2921:
2889:
2863:
2838:
2806:
2784:
2759:
2734:
2709:
2684:
2659:
2634:
2605:
2593:www.akaroa.com
2580:
2555:
2530:
2505:
2479:
2454:
2429:
2407:
2385:
2374:
2352:
2326:
2300:
2274:
2248:
2222:
2202:
2186:"Akaroa Wharf"
2177:
2151:
2135:"Akaroa Wharf"
2126:
2097:
2081:"DALY'S WHARF"
2072:
2065:
2047:
2011:
2004:
1986:
1974:
1972:, p. 279.
1959:
1945:
1930:
1918:
1906:
1894:
1882:
1867:
1865:, p. 158.
1855:
1848:
1830:
1818:
1806:
1804:, p. 268.
1791:
1756:
1731:
1716:
1704:
1692:
1677:
1648:
1636:
1618:
1613:Te Puni Kōkiri
1596:
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956:Gothic revival
950:Saint Peter's
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642:William Hobson
637:
634:
624:in honour of
581:Port Nicholson
565:William Hobson
561:Bay of Islands
534:Comte de Paris
479:
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174:18 August 1840
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3550:Richmond Hill
3548:
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3528:
3526:
3525:Kennedys Bush
3523:
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3442:
3439:
3437:
3436:Robinsons Bay
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3421:Prices Valley
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3401:Otanerito Bay
3399:
3397:
3394:
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3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3357:
3355:
3354:
3350:
3348:
3347:Little Akaloa
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3311:Governors Bay
3308:
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3298:
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3261:
3259:
3258:Charteris Bay
3256:
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3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3227:
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3217:
3213:, New Zealand
3212:
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3144:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3130:
3125:
3121:
3120:
3110:
3104:
3100:
3099:French Akaroa
3095:
3091:
3087:
3086:
3080:
3076:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3057:
3043:
3033:
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2852:
2851:teara.govt.nz
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2648:
2644:
2638:
2622:
2615:
2609:
2594:
2590:
2584:
2569:
2565:
2564:"Akaroa Head"
2559:
2544:
2540:
2534:
2519:
2515:
2509:
2493:
2489:
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2191:
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2166:. 13 May 2022
2165:
2161:
2155:
2140:
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2130:
2114:
2107:
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2086:
2082:
2076:
2068:
2066:0-908565-41-0
2062:
2058:
2051:
2036:
2029:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2007:
2005:9780143204107
2001:
1997:
1990:
1983:
1982:Tremewan 2010
1978:
1971:
1970:Tremewan 2010
1966:
1964:
1955:
1949:
1941:
1934:
1927:
1926:Tremewan 2010
1922:
1915:
1914:Tremewan 2010
1910:
1903:
1902:Tremewan 2010
1898:
1891:
1890:Tremewan 2010
1886:
1878:
1871:
1864:
1863:Tremewan 2010
1859:
1851:
1849:9780143006701
1845:
1841:
1834:
1828:, p. 16.
1827:
1826:Tremewan 2010
1822:
1815:
1814:Tremewan 2010
1810:
1803:
1802:Tremewan 2010
1798:
1796:
1776:
1774:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1745:
1741:
1735:
1729:, p. 26.
1728:
1727:Tremewan 2010
1723:
1721:
1713:
1712:Tremewan 2010
1708:
1702:, p. 15.
1701:
1700:Tremewan 2010
1696:
1690:, p. 20.
1689:
1684:
1682:
1665:
1661:
1655:
1653:
1646:, p. 13.
1645:
1640:
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1631:maorimaps.com
1628:
1622:
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1497:
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577:HMS Britomart
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273:
270:
269:Tākuta Ferris
267:
265:
262: •
260:
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252:
249: •
247:
244:
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236: •
234:
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123:
118:
90:Coordinates:
88:
63:
54:
47:
42:
32:
26:
22:
3510:Hillsborough
3386:Okuti Valley
3358:
3353:Little River
3351:
3309:
3300:Gebbies Pass
3282:
3231:
3230:
3098:
3084:
3064:
3042:
3032:
3009:. Retrieved
2999:
2989:
2977:. Retrieved
2967:
2962:Boyd, Mary.
2957:
2945:. Retrieved
2937:
2924:
2912:. Retrieved
2905:
2880:. Retrieved
2875:
2866:
2854:. Retrieved
2850:
2841:
2829:. Retrieved
2819:
2809:
2797:. Retrieved
2787:
2775:. Retrieved
2771:
2762:
2750:. Retrieved
2746:
2737:
2725:. Retrieved
2721:
2712:
2700:. Retrieved
2696:
2687:
2675:. Retrieved
2671:
2662:
2650:. Retrieved
2646:
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2620:
2608:
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2592:
2583:
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2567:
2558:
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2542:
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2517:
2508:
2496:. Retrieved
2491:
2482:
2470:. Retrieved
2466:
2457:
2445:. Retrieved
2441:
2432:
2420:. Retrieved
2410:
2400:17 September
2398:. Retrieved
2388:
2377:
2365:. Retrieved
2355:
2343:. Retrieved
2339:
2329:
2317:. Retrieved
2312:
2303:
2291:. Retrieved
2289:. 7 May 2022
2286:
2277:
2265:. Retrieved
2261:
2251:
2239:. Retrieved
2234:
2225:
2193:. Retrieved
2189:
2180:
2168:. Retrieved
2163:
2154:
2142:. Retrieved
2138:
2129:
2117:. Retrieved
2112:
2100:
2088:. Retrieved
2084:
2075:
2056:
2050:
2038:. Retrieved
2034:
1995:
1989:
1977:
1948:
1939:
1933:
1921:
1909:
1897:
1885:
1876:
1870:
1858:
1839:
1833:
1821:
1809:
1782:. Retrieved
1772:
1747:. Retrieved
1743:
1734:
1707:
1695:
1688:Ogilvie 2010
1668:. Retrieved
1644:Ogilvie 2010
1639:
1630:
1627:"Māori Maps"
1621:
1608:
1599:
1587:
1575:. Retrieved
1547:. Retrieved
1543:
1514:
1029:
984:Onuku church
969:Presbyterian
967:The Trinity
966:
949:
940:Maxwell Bury
929:
920:
917:Onuku church
906:
888:
885:
876:
852:
843:
837:, 1.6% were
833:, 4.8% were
829:, 1.6% were
820:
817:
798:
783:
719:
716:Demographics
710:
706:
702:
699:
695:
689:
685:
683:
676:
670:
662:
656:
651:to proclaim
647:
639:
621:
619:
611:Lord Stanley
603:
558:
542:
533:
528:
525:
514:
497:
473:
461:Te Rauparaha
452:
437:Te Rauparaha
430:
402:
387:Christchurch
384:
368:
348:South Island
335:
334:
201:Te Tai Tonga
25:
3575:Westmorland
3555:Scarborough
3535:Mt Pleasant
3342:Le Bons Bay
3317:Gold Valley
3295:French Farm
3290:Duvauchelle
3278:Corsair Bay
3219:Settlements
3011:15 February
2979:10 December
2914:18 February
2882:13 December
2856:13 December
1609:tkm.govt.nz
1489:Hugh Wilson
1433: 1879
1398: 1878
825:, 0.4% had
794:2006 census
790:2013 census
653:sovereignty
589:Union Jacks
550: [
469:James Busby
443:, took the
377:French king
243:Phil Mauger
189:Electorates
130:New Zealand
112: /
100:172°58′00″E
3628:Categories
3613:Takapūneke
3530:Moncks Bay
3471:Port Hills
3451:Teddington
3411:Pigeon Bay
3381:Okains Bay
3366:Motukarara
3268:Church Bay
3243:Barrys Bay
3211:Canterbury
3207:Port Hills
2910:. Auckland
1577:25 October
1549:15 October
1523:References
1471:Bob Parker
583:where the
573:brig-sloop
441:Kaiapoi Pā
433:Takapūneke
288:Population
211:Government
179:Founded by
97:43°48′15″S
3545:Redcliffs
3520:Huntsbury
3495:Ferrymead
3446:Takamatua
3416:Port Levy
3376:Ohinetahi
3360:Lyttelton
3337:Lansdowne
3226:Allandale
2947:5 October
2367:25 August
1773:Britomart
1516:Endurance
1026:Utilities
873:Education
867:Lyttelton
823:Christian
673:Takamatua
657:Britomart
648:Britomart
646:HMS
594:Takamatua
539:Rochefort
457:Ngāti Toa
453:Elizabeth
413:Ngāi Tahu
364:Whangaroa
328:Ngāi Tahu
163:Community
3515:Hoon Hay
3500:Halswell
3490:Cracroft
3480:Cashmere
3441:Tai Tapu
3273:Cooptown
3263:Chorlton
3253:Cass Bay
3205:and the
3063:(2010).
2831:23 April
2777:27 April
2492:Newsline
1367:(39.78)
952:Anglican
932:Catholic
912:Churches
839:Buddhist
811:, 11.9%
809:Pasifika
778:Source:
505:Kāi Tahu
419:wharenui
356:Kāi Tahu
310:Postcode
145:District
3485:Clifton
3473:suburbs
3322:Hilltop
3238:Ataahua
3054:Sources
2267:11 July
2241:11 July
1670:7 March
1513:of the
1511:captain
1380:Gallery
1365:1,010.5
1362:(2.66)
1357:(2.78)
1352:(3.14)
1347:(2.62)
1342:(4.91)
1337:(6.28)
1332:(4.22)
1327:(2.92)
1322:(2.83)
1317:(3.40)
1312:(2.17)
1307:(1.85)
1297:(46.1)
1292:(52.0)
1287:(47.8)
1282:(44.8)
1277:(42.1)
1272:(39.6)
1267:(37.9)
1262:(39.2)
1257:(43.2)
1252:(47.1)
1247:(51.3)
1242:(53.8)
1237:(54.3)
1227:(54.8)
1222:(61.2)
1217:(57.2)
1212:(54.1)
1207:(51.1)
1202:(47.7)
1197:(45.7)
1192:(46.9)
1187:(51.4)
1182:(55.4)
1177:(60.1)
1172:(63.0)
1167:(63.5)
1157:(63.5)
1152:(70.3)
1147:(66.6)
1142:(63.5)
1137:(59.7)
1132:(55.8)
1127:(53.6)
1122:(54.7)
1117:(59.5)
1112:(63.7)
1107:(69.1)
1102:(72.3)
1097:(72.9)
1035:Climate
849:Tourism
807:, 0.8%
803:, 6.0%
739:±% p.a.
686:Monarch
459:chief,
447:on the
427:History
395:miocene
346:of the
342:in the
203:(Māori)
126:Country
3634:Akaroa
3590:kāinga
3584:Māori
3565:Sumner
3461:Wainui
3406:Peraki
3332:Kukupa
3232:Akaroa
3140:Akaroa
3129:Akaroa
3105:
3071:
2799:19 May
2795:. NIWA
2752:21 May
2727:21 May
2702:21 May
2677:21 May
2652:21 May
2627:21 May
2598:23 May
2573:23 May
2548:23 May
2523:23 May
2498:9 June
2472:9 June
2447:9 June
2422:9 June
2345:24 May
2319:24 May
2293:24 May
2195:22 May
2170:22 May
2144:22 May
2119:22 May
2090:22 May
2063:
2057:Akaroa
2040:2 June
2002:
1846:
1784:23 May
1749:23 May
1048:Month
882:Museum
835:Muslim
801:Pākehā
773:+3.23%
762:+1.26%
336:Akaroa
321:Local
135:Region
75:Akaroa
35:Akaroa
3608:Puāri
3603:Ōnuku
3431:Purau
3426:Puaha
3391:Onuku
3037:coat.
3024:Notes
2617:(PDF)
2340:Stuff
2262:Stuff
2109:(PDF)
2031:(PDF)
1778:(PDF)
1340:124.7
1335:159.5
1330:107.2
1087:Year
831:Hindu
813:Asian
805:Māori
554:]
407:marae
359:Māori
3588:and
3103:ISBN
3069:ISBN
3013:2014
2981:2011
2949:2022
2916:2014
2884:2021
2858:2021
2833:2017
2801:2024
2779:2024
2754:2023
2729:2023
2704:2023
2679:2023
2654:2023
2629:2023
2600:2023
2575:2023
2550:2023
2525:2023
2500:2023
2474:2023
2449:2023
2424:2023
2402:2024
2369:2019
2347:2023
2321:2023
2295:2023
2269:2017
2243:2017
2197:2023
2172:2023
2146:2023
2121:2023
2092:2023
2061:ISBN
2042:2023
2000:ISBN
1844:ISBN
1786:2018
1751:2018
1672:2020
1579:2023
1551:2021
1360:67.5
1355:70.7
1350:79.8
1345:66.6
1325:74.1
1320:72.0
1315:86.4
1310:55.1
1305:46.9
1290:11.1
1245:10.7
1240:12.1
1235:12.4
1225:12.6
1220:16.2
1215:14.0
1210:12.3
1205:10.6
1185:10.8
1180:13.0
1175:15.6
1170:17.2
1165:17.5
1155:17.5
1150:21.3
1145:19.2
1140:17.5
1135:15.4
1130:13.2
1125:12.0
1120:12.6
1115:15.3
1110:17.6
1105:20.6
1100:22.4
1095:22.7
1084:Dec
1081:Nov
1078:Oct
1075:Sep
1072:Aug
1069:Jul
1066:Jun
1063:May
1060:Apr
1057:Mar
1054:Feb
1051:Jan
938:and
767:2018
756:2013
745:2006
734:Pop.
730:Year
543:Aube
529:Mahé
509:moko
315:7520
275:Area
155:Ward
3090:207
2313:RNZ
2287:RNZ
2235:ODT
1505:'s
1295:7.8
1285:8.8
1280:7.1
1275:5.6
1270:4.2
1265:3.3
1260:4.0
1255:6.2
1250:8.4
1200:8.7
1195:7.6
1190:8.3
770:756
759:645
748:591
400:.
371:by
323:iwi
296:770
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2770:.
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2465:.
2440:.
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1962:^
1794:^
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552:fr
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