525:, Akyems thank the creator for blessing their land with such a magnificent river (Birim). The products from the Akyems land and river are symbols which are used to remember ancestors who struggled and persevered to keep the society intact. During the festival the descendants pledge to continue the tradition, to keep Okyeman strong and free with peace and prosperity. They then pledge allegiance to their King (Okyehene) and their sub-chiefs and elders for their leadership and guidance. This ceremony of thanksgiving to the creator is the great festival of the Akyem people known as . The Ohum festival is celebrated in Akyem Abuakwa in two parts: the Ohumkan and the Ohumkyire. The Ohum festival is celebrated with the chief and people of Akyem Tafo visiting the Gyempremo shrine to perform rituals and make sacrifices to the deity. Legend has it that any person who trips and falls on the return journey from the Gyempremo shrine will not live to see the new year. On the Ohum Tuesday, it is forbidden to make any noise including the pounding of fufu, the main staple diet of the Akan people till dusk.
215:
turn back to Kumasi the
Capital for the King's funeral and installation of a new King. This was on a Thursday; and is remembered as one of the great oath of the Ashantis, "Meka Yawada" (I swear by Thursday), a vow Otumfuo Opoku Ware made to avenge the death of his uncle the late King, Osei Tutu. Early in 1717, the British at Cape Coast reported that the "Ashanti and the Akyem are resolved on a war with each other"; In September, that "a decisive battle was likely between the Ashanti and the Akyem by which the trade will be opened". In October -of the same year the Dutch factor at Apam, reported that "The Zaay (Ashanti head chief) was dead and that the Ashanti have been defeated by the Akyem." Five days later, another Dutch report confirmed. Akyem sold large numbers of Asante prisoners of war to the European slavers on the coast. Later battles between Akyem and
317:
became the Gold Coast in the former Akwamu State which the Akyem had won almost a century earlier. This was mainly due to a battle of attrition were the Akyem were out numbered. In the end, the
Ashanti inherited some of the lands which had been won from the Akwamu including access to the coastal lands which essentially established the Asante empire as the most power state in the region which controlled all trade from the interior to the Coast. The Akim retreated back to their historic lands in what is now the Eastern Region of Ghana. To conclude, the Akyem are most famous because of the Akan states that existed before the rise of the empire of Ashanti the Akyem states remained the most independent and remained the most relevant.
431:
the
Amantomiensa (soldiers of the Paramount stool), the Asiakwahene (King of Asiakwa area of Akyem) and the Begorohene (King of Begoro area of Akyem), to remove the Kotokus from Gyadam. This war, known as the "Gyadam War", forced the Kotoku to leave Gyadam. The Kwabenghene allowed them a safe passage and not a shot was fired when they passed through Kwabeng. The Kotokuhene was given land by the then chief of Wankyi, Barimah Awire (the Oseawuohene (Chief of Oseawuo area of Akyem Abuakwa) to settle at what is now known as Oda, the capital of Akyem Kotoku state.
30:
135:. The term is also used to describe the general area where the Akyem ethnic group clusters. The Akyem ethnic group make up between 3-4 percent of Ghana's population depending on how one defines the group and are very prominent in all aspects of Ghanaian life. The Akyem are a matrilineal people. The history of this ethnic group is that of brave warriors who managed to create a thriving often influential and relatively independent state within modern-day Ghana. When one talks of Ghanaian history, there is often mention of
2209:
513:
The traditional area of the Akyem is sometimes known as
Kwaebibirim or the "Birim Forest" because of its abundance in rich natural resources. This area is in the tropical rain forest with fertile river valleys, deep loamy soil, and fresh fauna. The land is watered by the famous river Birim. The river
214:
pursued the Kotoku people, the last of the Akyem group left across the River Pra after defeating them in a battle against the advice of the great priest of Asante, Okomfo Anokye, where he died from a Kotoku sniper's bullet crossing the river. This caused the
Ashanti Army to abolish their pursuit and
324:
The Asante bid for supremacy, however was violently opposed by older Akans states whose kings refused to accept the pretensions and claims of what they considered an upstart dynasty. Of these Akan states, Akyem resistance to Asante political domination was not only persistent but also it was nearly
316:
After 1740 the Akyem control of the coast was tentative and disagreements among the Akyem states weakened them. Also starting around this time, key areas on the coast were constantly being battled for with the
Ashanti until 1816 when the Ashanti firmly established itself on the Eastern half of what
475:
ideology that made Ghana unique among its peers. Several of the political and educated elite were of Akyem descent. This influence continues today in modern Ghana. The Akyem have been assimilated under the common
Ghanaian identity where ethnicity does not play a role as it does in other countries.
430:
era was known as an era of peace and prosperity due to her way of solving problems. History has it that during the reign of the famous Nana Dokua (Abirie) as both okyehene (king) and ohemaa (queenmother), a quarrel arose between her and the
Kotokuhene at that time. As a result, she ordered part of
329:
The Akyem during this tentative period between 1750 and 1816 still continued to show their ability to influence matters and act as
Mercenaries helping those being oppressed by stronger states. This was demonstrated by helping the Ada, who were being oppressed by the Anlo, and defeating them in the
304:
and adjoining states in other battles that were in the interest of the Akyem states' ultimate objective of remaining strong and independent. Nana Owusu Akyem Tenten (King of the Dense Forest) agreed to send his nephew a respected soldier, Odehyee Safori, with an army. They were victorious over the
205:
Kingdom flourished under the leadership of
Otumfuo Nana Osei Tutu, and during their ascendancy assimilated the once powerful Denkyira into the growing empire in the early 18th century. The expansion of Ashanti through its fierce and skilled military might caused the Akyem people who feared Ashanti
222:
The Akyem conquest of Akwamu in 1730 is also recorded as one of the most decisive victories in Gold Coast history, after a conflict with them regarding a controversy involving the Akyem royal family. The event was described by contemporaries as the greatest revolution that had taken place in that
245:
The Akyem conquest of Akwamu in 1730 was one of the most decisive victories in Gold Coast history. The event was described by contemporaries as the greatest revolution that had taken place in that part of the world. Since the Akwamu themselves destroyed the old Ga Kingdom in the late seventeenth
396:
The Ashanti-Akyem relationship post-1816 continued to grow into one of mutual respect that still exists in recent times. A common saying among the Akans is, “Okyenhene nko ara na Osantehene ne no di nsawoso”, meaning literally: “The King of Ashanti treats none but the King of Akyem on familiar
236:
nation, and the Ga people were allowed more autonomy in their historic lands. Accra came under Akyem rule as they were Akwamu areas. Frimpong Manso of Kotoku and Ba kwante of Abuakwa shared authority over Accra and the Adangbe area. Owusu Akyem, son of a sister of the Okyenhene, became the
273:
The Akyem Abuakwa created the Akuapem state out of the greater half of western portion of the former Akwamu state and it included the Aburi, Berekuso, Abiriw, Apirede and Larte areas. Ofori Dua, brother of Ofori Panin, became Omanhene of the Akuapem state. The
450:
and other parts of Akyem Abuakwa. Later, when the trouble in Juaben subsided, some of them returned to Ashanti but came back again. On the third occasion a negotiating settlement on their behalf was met and with the consent of both the Kukurantumihene (the
223:
part of the world. The Akwamu themselves were responsible for destroying the old Ga kingdom in late seventeen century, and were now forced by the Akyem to flee from their homeland and push across the river Volta where the present Akwamu capital.
231:
The Akyems, especially the elite forces known as the Abuakwas but also the Kotokus, fought the Akwamus and emerged victorious. In defeating the Akwamu, the Akyem got control of the land the Akwamu had been occupying that belonged to the
413:
had been "to all intents and purposes provinces" of Ashanti. He also states that they were governed "by resident Lieutenants of the King of Ashantee, paid taxes to their Sovereign and joined him in all his wars." Historian
147:
Akyemmansa is the three traditional areas of Akyem in the Eastern region of Ghana. Historically, it has been attested via oral history that the Akyem people were one of the Akan people to migrate south from the
305:
Akwamu again these battles and created the states of Akropong and Amanokrom. Safori pursued the Akwamus across the River Volta, where they settled up until the present day, with their capital at Akwamufie.
308:
By 1740 the power within the coast was as follows: the Akyem firmly controlling a majority of the Eastern portion of the coastal area; with the Fante, Asante and Ahanta controlling the rest.
891:"Affrifah, Kofi. – The Akyem Factor in Ghana's History 1700-1875. Accra, Ghana Universities Press (distributed by African Books Collective Ltd., Oxford), 2000, 259 p., index, bibl"
514:
Birim is the source of Ghana's diamond. The spiritual, physical and philosophical sustenance of the Akyem people are derived from river Birim. The Akyem do not worship the river
684:
Allan Carpenter, Janis Fortman Children's Press, 1977, 95 pp. Introduces the geography, history, government, economy, culture and people of this small country in western Africa.
211:
405:
Post-1816 the Akyem enjoyed relative peace in their current location today and all of what became Ghana was under British rule by the early 20th century. In 1838, Governor
650:
1592:
286:
164:
later formed the Adansi Kingdom in the mid-14th century. The Adansis were known for their ability to build illustrious structures in their kingdom; hence the name
863:
459:
Nana Dokua, the Juabens got land. They settled on it under the leadership and rule of their chief, Nana Kwaku Boateng, calling the area New Juaben, with
397:
terms.” This is due to the fact that the Akyem were strong and relatively independent during the peak of the Ashanti empire when compared to neighbours.
1617:
1612:
1622:
1597:
1580:
1575:
485:
190:
empire. Thus, during the second half of the 17th century the area which became Ghana was dominated by three states the Remnants of Adansi(Ashanti),
2406:
1607:
1602:
1585:
501:
493:
463:
as its capital. An annual fee was agreed to be paid to the Akyem this practice continued until Dr. Kwame Nkrumah abolished it after independence.
1637:
139:. These were six individuals who played a big role in the independence of Ghana. Of the big six, people of Akyem descent made up the majority.
265:
The victory opened up trade between the Akyem - a nation described as having some of the largest gold deposits - and Europeans on the coast.
262:
was finally moved to "Kyebirie" (named after a black hat used by a hunter using the area as his hunting grounds). It is now known as Kyebi.
1627:
1642:
1570:
1632:
1565:
456:
2339:
1647:
279:
255:
179:. Within the Adansi state there were three military posts in the Western Portion Akyem Abuakwa, Akyem Kotoku, and Akyem Bosome.
293:
ethnic group and the Dawu ethnic group appealed to him for help to drive the Akwamus out of their area for them to enjoy peace.
219:
were numerous with wins and loses on both sides, these battles would often involve alliances with other tribes and kingdoms.
2245:
967:
2399:
711:
2223:
873:
725:
610:
1141:
788:
2752:
2415:
2392:
816:
798:
378:
171:
In the first half of the 17th century, the area of what is now Ghana was dominated by three states the Guans,
418:
comments that "for reasons of politics rather than ignorance," Maclean had dated these arrangements to 1807.
2039:
624:
182:
Eastern Adansi as an entity lost much of its identity due to conflicts with neighboring states namely the
250:
After the war the Akyem Abuakwas made their temporary capitals in several former Akwamu areas, including
2701:
1768:
1549:
1129:
446:, were forced to leave Juaben in Ashanti for the south. They found settlement at Kyebi, Kwabeng, Tafo,
300:
during that time period and were known for helping neighbouring states fight off the middle men of the
2238:
960:
2716:
1652:
1517:
2711:
1752:
1539:
814:
Priestley, Margaret (1961). "The Ashanti Question and the British: Eighteenth-Century Origins".
2023:
2013:
2008:
1340:
128:
115:. The term Akyem (Akem, Akim or Aki) is used to describe a group of four states: Asante Akyem,
1544:
1447:
1105:
2747:
2305:
2231:
2094:
2018:
1840:
1825:
953:
663:
8:
2262:
2196:
1684:
1146:
1030:
717:
362:
136:
890:
2003:
1895:
1875:
1820:
932:
841:
833:
766:
758:
443:
374:
301:
2253:
1412:
2558:
2327:
2116:
1972:
1961:
1845:
1835:
1495:
912:
869:
845:
794:
770:
721:
707:
207:
1778:
1522:
1486:
1865:
1855:
1850:
1719:
1666:
1534:
1481:
1419:
1207:
1117:
902:
825:
471:
Pre and post colonially, the Akyem have been very involved in the intellectual and
452:
74:
1262:
1073:
939:, Vol. 43, No. 2 (2002), pp. 324–326. Published by Cambridge University Press
907:
865:
Asante in the Nineteenth Century: The Structure and Evolution of a Political Order
2721:
2625:
2605:
1977:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1502:
1476:
1440:
1365:
1081:
1471:
790:
The Cambridge History of Africa: From c. 1600 to c. 1790, edited by Richard Gray
518:, they revere it as their source of inspiration, giving them life and strength.
2706:
2686:
2585:
2526:
2521:
2479:
2371:
2366:
2158:
2154:
1998:
1662:
1527:
1454:
1426:
1405:
1372:
1351:
1345:
1272:
1252:
1184:
1177:
1153:
1093:
1054:
746:
472:
435:
410:
406:
289:, who was also known as the "Kwae-Bibirimhene" (King of the Dense Forest), the
238:
216:
202:
1197:
829:
389:
defeated the Akyem which enabled the re-opening of the eastern trade route to
2741:
2691:
2630:
2615:
2553:
2489:
2469:
2464:
2444:
2288:
2213:
2077:
1965:
1949:
1860:
1830:
1773:
1740:
1724:
1466:
1302:
1287:
1257:
1222:
1217:
1202:
1046:
1037:
916:
558:
522:
338:
275:
259:
116:
29:
2726:
2696:
2681:
2671:
2620:
2610:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2531:
2511:
2499:
2494:
2434:
2429:
2332:
2322:
2293:
2283:
2273:
2121:
2111:
2082:
2072:
2062:
1933:
1510:
1388:
1379:
1312:
1307:
1247:
1191:
568:
563:
439:
358:
342:
334:
258:. However, it was during the reign of Nana Ofori Panin that the capital of
124:
120:
86:
2676:
2650:
2506:
2484:
2459:
2439:
2384:
2349:
2315:
2258:
2254:
2136:
2104:
1982:
1956:
1944:
1912:
1870:
1322:
1267:
1232:
1098:
1024:
1007:
976:
553:
386:
354:
346:
297:
290:
251:
157:
112:
99:
34:
762:
2640:
2546:
2536:
2356:
2143:
1657:
1277:
1110:
1061:
991:
859:
447:
427:
415:
370:
285:
During the reign of the great warrior king (Adontehene) of the Akyems,
153:
837:
1937:
1804:
1297:
460:
345:. Around the mid-18th century, the Akyem formed an alliance with the
233:
2635:
2595:
2590:
2541:
2516:
2361:
2148:
1928:
1714:
1282:
1134:
1086:
1042:
1000:
534:
382:
350:
191:
187:
183:
172:
2600:
2344:
2180:
2131:
1799:
1317:
1158:
1066:
996:
366:
161:
2310:
2300:
2099:
2089:
2044:
1783:
1122:
1050:
587:
Fage and Oliver give a date around 1763 while Fynn states 1764.
195:
176:
945:
544:
Akyem Practice Traditional Religion through their ancestors.
2474:
2449:
1745:
1292:
1242:
1237:
1212:
390:
156:. This area is the origin of modern Akan people. A group of
149:
132:
57:
786:
434:
During the reign of Nana Dokua, a section of the Juabens of
2655:
2645:
142:
60:(Eastern Region, Central Region, Ashanti Region and Accra)
1358:
70:
749:(1965). "The Reign and Times of Kusi Obodum, 1750-64".
793:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 315.
651:
J. K. Fynn, "Asante and Akyem Relations 1700 — 1831".
268:
486:List of rulers of the Akan state of Akyem Abuakwa
373:against the Ashanti around 1763–4. This led to a
2739:
502:List of rulers of the Akan state of Akyem Bosume
494:List of rulers of the Akan state of Akyem Kotoku
278:traditional area is now commonly referred to as
226:
751:Transactions of the Historical Society of Ghana
361:to check against Ashanti expansion towards the
1677:
237:administrator of the Adangbe area. Historian
2400:
2239:
961:
646:
644:
642:
640:
638:
636:
606:
604:
194:, Guans, Dagons, Anlos, Ga, Fante, Akyem and
127:. These nations are located primarily in the
442:of Ashanti. The rebels, led by their chief,
706:
2414:
2407:
2393:
2246:
2232:
1618:Rulers of the Akan state of Assin Atadanso
1613:Rulers of the Akan state of Assin Apimenem
968:
954:
858:
713:Encyclopedia of African History: A - G.. 1
664:"Natural resources of Okyeman-an Overview"
633:
630:, Cambridge University Press, 1969, p. 23.
601:
455:of Akyem Abuakwa), Nana Kwaku Abrante and
28:
1623:Rulers of the Akan state of Bono-Tekyiman
1581:Rulers of the Akan state of Akuapem Anafo
1576:Rulers of the Akan state of Akuapem Okere
906:
813:
89:predominantly, Akyem Traditional Religion
1608:Rulers of the Akan state of Akyem Kotoku
1603:Rulers of the Akan state of Akyem Bosume
1586:Rulers of the Akan state of Akuapem Guan
466:
1638:Rulers of the Akan state of Manya Krobo
668:West African Journal of Applied Ecology
143:History and genesis of the Akyem states
2740:
782:
780:
741:
739:
737:
2388:
2227:
949:
888:
787:Fage, J.D. and Roland Oliver (1975).
697:, G. Allen & Unwin, 1948; 387 pp.
661:
745:
52:Regions with significant populations
1571:Rulers of the Akan state of Akuapem
777:
734:
377:Ashanti, Dahomey and Oyo where the
186:and much of it was absorbed in the
13:
1633:Rulers of the Akan state of Dwaben
479:
365:. The Akyem obtained support from
14:
2764:
1648:Rulers of the Fante Confederation
868:. CUP Archive. pp. 130–131.
421:
269:Genesis of Akuapem state of Akyem
2208:
2207:
1593:Rulers of Akwamu and Twifo-Heman
508:
254:, until they finally settled at
975:
882:
852:
807:
627:A Historical Geography of Ghana
581:
330:battle of Nonombe around 1752,
937:The Journal of African History
817:The Journal of African History
700:
687:
678:
655:
618:
337:conquered the Akyem states of
206:domination to flee across the
1:
908:10.4000/etudesafricaines.1527
594:
227:18th-century Akyem-Akwamu war
1142:Afro–Antiguans and Barbudans
929:Giving Akyem History Its Due
674:(3): 47–52 – via AJOL.
400:
311:
7:
895:Cahiers d'Ă©tudes africaines
695:A History of the Gold Coast
693:William Ernest Frank Ward,
547:
539:
210:towards newer settlements.
10:
2769:
2155:Ashanti Empire (Asanteman)
1550:Akan Orthography Committee
1130:Afro-Dominicans (Dominica)
889:Wilks, Ivor (2003-01-01).
532:
16:Akan ethnic group in Ghana
2664:
2422:
2269:
2205:
2189:
2173:
2055:
2032:
1991:
1921:
1908:
1813:
1792:
1761:
1733:
1707:
1700:
1558:
1331:
1169:
1016:
984:
830:10.1017/S0021853700002139
409:wrote that the Akyem and
98:
93:
85:
80:
69:
64:
56:
51:
46:
41:
27:
2717:Gold Coast Euro-Africans
574:
152:to the area that became
1598:Rulers of Akyem Abuakwa
1540:Adamorobe Sign Language
505:(1818 – present)
497:(1400 – present)
489:(1500 – present)
287:Nana Owusu Akyem Tenten
2753:Ethnic groups in Ghana
2416:Ethnic groups in Ghana
1341:Central Tano languages
528:
327:
248:
241:writes the following:
175:, the Adansi, and the
2259:Ashantiland Peninsula
1913:Ashantiland Peninsula
1545:Nanabin Sign Language
1008:Ashantiland Peninsula
662:Owusu, E. H. (2012).
612:Akan Laws and Customs
467:Akyem people of today
438:revolted against the
322:
243:
94:Related ethnic groups
1871:Fetu Afahye Festival
1841:Fancy Dress Festival
1826:Ashanti Yam Festival
718:Taylor & Francis
625:Kwamina B. Dickson,
325:the most successful.
2024:Western Ashantiland
2014:Eastern Ashantiland
2009:Central Ashantiland
1922:Geographic entities
1685:New Patriotic Party
1147:Antigua and Barbuda
1031:List of Akan people
320:J. K. Fynn writes:
24:
1896:Mmoaninko Festival
1876:Fofie Yam Festival
1821:Akwasidae Festival
1628:Rulers of Denkyira
933:Robert Addo-Fening
708:Shillington, Kevin
444:Nana Kwaku Boateng
22:
2735:
2734:
2702:African Americans
2382:
2381:
2263:Gold Coast Region
2221:
2220:
2169:
2168:
2048:
2033:Major settlements
1973:Cape Three Points
1969:
1953:
1941:
1904:
1903:
1846:Aboakyer Festival
1836:Awukudae Festival
1749:
1696:
1695:
1689:
1670:
1643:Rulers of Gyaaman
1505:
1498:
1457:
1450:
1443:
1436:
1429:
1422:
1415:
1408:
1401:
1391:
1382:
1375:
1368:
1361:
1354:
1162:
1150:
1138:
1126:
1114:
1106:Afro–Costa Ricans
1102:
1090:
1078:
1070:
1058:
1004:
105:
104:
2760:
2409:
2402:
2395:
2386:
2385:
2248:
2241:
2234:
2225:
2224:
2211:
2210:
2162:
2042:
1959:
1947:
1931:
1919:
1918:
1866:Bakatue Festival
1856:Akwambo Festival
1851:Akrokre Festival
1743:
1720:Akan Goldweights
1705:
1704:
1687:
1675:
1674:
1667:Akan chieftaincy
1660:
1653:Rulers of Asante
1566:Rulers of Adanse
1535:Avatime language
1501:
1494:
1491:Avikam–Alladian
1467:Lagoon languages
1453:
1446:
1439:
1434:
1425:
1418:
1411:
1404:
1399:
1387:
1378:
1371:
1364:
1357:
1350:
1156:
1144:
1132:
1120:
1118:Afro-Panamanians
1108:
1096:
1084:
1076:
1064:
1040:
994:
970:
963:
956:
947:
946:
921:
920:
910:
901:(171): 659–660.
886:
880:
879:
856:
850:
849:
811:
805:
804:
784:
775:
774:
743:
732:
731:
704:
698:
691:
685:
682:
676:
675:
659:
653:
648:
631:
622:
616:
608:
588:
585:
381:was defeated at
296:The Akyems were
217:Ashanti kingdoms
42:Total population
32:
25:
21:
2768:
2767:
2763:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2757:
2738:
2737:
2736:
2731:
2660:
2418:
2413:
2383:
2378:
2265:
2252:
2222:
2217:
2201:
2185:
2165:
2153:
2056:Historic states
2051:
2028:
1987:
1978:Bobowasi Island
1910:
1900:
1891:Kundum Festival
1886:Kobine Festival
1881:Gmayem Festival
1809:
1788:
1757:
1729:
1692:
1678:Political party
1673:
1554:
1518:Potou languages
1333:
1327:
1165:
1082:Afro-Barbadians
1012:
980:
974:
943:
925:
924:
887:
883:
876:
857:
853:
812:
808:
801:
785:
778:
744:
735:
728:
705:
701:
692:
688:
683:
679:
660:
656:
649:
634:
623:
619:
609:
602:
597:
592:
591:
586:
582:
577:
550:
542:
537:
531:
511:
482:
480:Rulers of Akyem
469:
424:
403:
314:
271:
229:
145:
37:
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2766:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2668:
2666:
2665:Non-indigenous
2662:
2661:
2659:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2582:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2544:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2503:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2437:
2432:
2426:
2424:
2420:
2419:
2412:
2411:
2404:
2397:
2389:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2375:
2374:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2342:
2337:
2336:
2335:
2325:
2320:
2319:
2318:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2276:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2257:states of the
2251:
2250:
2243:
2236:
2228:
2219:
2218:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2199:
2197:Akan Knowledge
2193:
2191:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2140:
2139:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2114:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2065:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1954:
1942:
1925:
1923:
1916:
1906:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1807:
1802:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1755:
1750:
1737:
1735:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1711:
1709:
1702:
1698:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1681:
1679:
1672:
1671:
1663:Manhyia Palace
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1568:
1562:
1560:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1525:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1499:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1464:
1463:
1462:
1461:
1460:
1459:
1458:
1451:
1444:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1423:
1416:
1409:
1396:Bia languages
1394:
1393:
1392:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1376:
1369:
1355:
1346:Akan languages
1337:
1335:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1188:
1181:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1163:
1154:Afro-Jamaicans
1151:
1139:
1127:
1115:
1103:
1094:Afro-Bahamians
1091:
1079:
1071:
1059:
1055:Coffy (person)
1035:
1034:
1033:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1010:
1005:
988:
986:
982:
981:
973:
972:
965:
958:
950:
941:
940:
923:
922:
881:
874:
851:
806:
799:
776:
733:
726:
720:. p. 60.
699:
686:
677:
654:
632:
617:
599:
598:
596:
593:
590:
589:
579:
578:
576:
573:
572:
571:
566:
561:
556:
549:
546:
541:
538:
533:Main article:
530:
527:
510:
507:
481:
478:
468:
465:
423:
422:Nana Dokua era
420:
402:
399:
375:battle between
313:
310:
270:
267:
228:
225:
212:Nana Osei Tutu
144:
141:
129:eastern region
103:
102:
96:
95:
91:
90:
83:
82:
78:
77:
67:
66:
62:
61:
54:
53:
49:
48:
44:
43:
39:
38:
33:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2765:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2663:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2442:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2410:
2405:
2403:
2398:
2396:
2391:
2390:
2387:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2249:
2244:
2242:
2237:
2235:
2230:
2229:
2226:
2216:
2215:
2204:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2046:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2019:Greater Accra
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1967:
1966:Lake Bosumtwi
1963:
1958:
1955:
1951:
1950:Kwahu Plateau
1946:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1907:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1861:Apoo Festival
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1831:Adae Festival
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1812:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1754:
1751:
1747:
1742:
1741:Akan Religion
1739:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1726:
1725:Akan calendar
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1703:
1699:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1676:
1668:
1664:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1519:
1516:
1512:
1509:
1504:
1500:
1497:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1468:
1465:
1456:
1452:
1449:
1445:
1442:
1438:
1437:
1433:
1428:
1424:
1421:
1417:
1414:
1410:
1407:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1390:
1386:
1381:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1353:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1330:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1160:
1155:
1152:
1148:
1143:
1140:
1136:
1131:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1116:
1112:
1107:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1080:
1077:(Ivory Coast)
1075:
1072:
1068:
1063:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1047:French Guiana
1044:
1039:
1036:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1009:
1006:
1002:
998:
993:
990:
989:
987:
983:
978:
971:
966:
964:
959:
957:
952:
951:
948:
944:
938:
934:
930:
927:
926:
918:
914:
909:
904:
900:
896:
892:
885:
877:
875:9780521379946
871:
867:
866:
861:
855:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
818:
810:
802:
796:
792:
791:
783:
781:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
747:Fynn, John K.
742:
740:
738:
729:
727:9781579582456
723:
719:
715:
714:
709:
703:
696:
690:
681:
673:
669:
665:
658:
652:
647:
645:
643:
641:
639:
637:
629:
628:
621:
615:
613:
607:
605:
600:
584:
580:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
559:Akyem Abuakwa
557:
555:
552:
551:
545:
536:
526:
524:
523:Ohum Festival
519:
517:
509:Ohum Festival
506:
504:
503:
498:
496:
495:
490:
488:
487:
477:
474:
464:
462:
458:
454:
449:
445:
441:
437:
432:
429:
419:
417:
412:
408:
398:
394:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
331:
326:
321:
318:
309:
306:
303:
299:
294:
292:
288:
283:
281:
277:
276:Akyem Abuakwa
266:
263:
261:
260:Akyem Abuakwa
257:
253:
247:
242:
240:
235:
224:
220:
218:
213:
209:
204:
199:
197:
193:
189:
185:
180:
178:
174:
169:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
140:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
117:Akyem Abuakwa
114:
110:
101:
97:
92:
88:
84:
79:
76:
72:
68:
63:
59:
55:
50:
45:
40:
36:
31:
26:
2454:
2278:
2212:
2067:
1934:Akosombo Dam
1753:Akan Judaism
1448:Jwira-Pepesa
1227:
1190:
1183:
1176:
1023:
1017:Demographics
942:
936:
928:
898:
894:
884:
864:
854:
824:(1): 35–59.
821:
815:
809:
789:
754:
750:
712:
702:
694:
689:
680:
671:
667:
657:
626:
620:
611:
583:
569:Akyem Bosome
564:Akyem Kotoku
543:
520:
515:
512:
500:
499:
492:
491:
484:
483:
470:
440:Golden Stool
433:
425:
404:
395:
379:Ashanti army
335:Opoku Ware I
332:
328:
323:
319:
315:
307:
295:
284:
272:
264:
249:
244:
230:
221:
200:
181:
170:
168:(builders).
165:
146:
125:Akyem Bosome
121:Akyem Kotoku
108:
106:
87:Christianity
19:Ethnic group
2748:Akan people
2372:Ashanti Twi
2316:Twifo-Heman
2105:Twifo-Heman
2004:Brong-Ahafo
1992:Territories
1983:Dodi Island
1957:Birim River
1945:Atewa Range
1332:Linguistics
1099:The Bahamas
1025:Akan people
554:Akan people
521:During the
473:pan-African
387:Osei Kwadwo
385:. In 1765,
302:slave trade
298:mercenaries
201:The rising
158:Akan people
137:The Big Six
113:Akan people
2742:Categories
2559:Ga-Adangbe
2547:Avenor Ewe
2423:Indigenous
1658:Asantehene
1334:(language)
1278:Coromantee
1111:Costa Rica
1062:Coromantee
992:Bono state
860:Ivor Wilks
800:0521204135
595:References
448:Asamankese
428:Nana Dokua
239:J. K. Fynn
154:Bono state
47:~1,500,000
2367:Asanteman
2328:Mankessim
2190:Knowledge
2117:Mankessim
1962:Pra River
1938:Kpong Dam
1909:Geography
1814:Festivals
1805:Akan Drum
1435:South Bia
1400:North Bia
1208:Adjoukrou
1170:Subgroups
917:0008-0055
846:153355150
771:155465956
757:: 24–32.
461:Koforidua
453:Adontehee
401:Post-1816
333:In 1742,
312:Post 1740
208:River Pra
160:who left
131:in south
65:Languages
2636:Tallensi
2626:Mamprusi
2606:Konkomba
2596:Karamogo
2591:Jakhanke
2542:Anlo Ewe
2517:Chumburu
2362:Denkyira
2261:and the
2214:Category
2159:Ashantis
2149:Denkyira
1929:Akosombo
1774:Asasa Ya
1715:Akan Art
1559:Politics
1496:Alladian
1283:Denkyira
1135:Dominica
1087:Barbados
1043:Suriname
1001:Denkyira
862:(1989).
763:41403567
710:(2005).
548:See also
540:Religion
535:Akan art
457:Okyehene
383:Atakpame
351:Denkyira
246:century.
192:Denkyera
188:Denkyira
184:Denkyira
173:Denkyera
81:Religion
2722:Indians
2712:Chinese
2687:Soninke
2601:Kassena
2586:Gurunsi
2527:Dagomba
2522:Dagaaba
2480:Avatime
2470:Ashanti
2345:Gyaaman
2340:Dwabena
2306:Akuapem
2289:Abuakwa
2181:Oheneba
2132:Gyaaman
2128:Dwabena
2095:Akuapem
2078:Abuakwa
1999:Ashanti
1800:Hiplife
1762:Deities
1701:Culture
1482:Adjukru
1420:Chakosi
1366:Akuapem
1318:Tchaman
1273:Chokosi
1253:Avatime
1185:Akuapem
1178:Ashanti
1159:Jamaica
1067:Jamaica
997:Gyaaman
985:History
436:Ashanti
411:Akuapem
407:Maclean
367:Dahomey
339:Abuakwa
280:Okyeman
203:Ashanti
162:Bonoman
111:are an
75:English
2692:Yoruba
2631:Nafana
2616:Kusasi
2554:Frafra
2507:Bimoba
2490:Evalue
2465:Ahanta
2445:Abidji
2311:Akwamu
2301:Adanse
2294:Kotoku
2284:Bosome
2174:Titles
2100:Akwamu
2090:Adanse
2083:Kotoku
2073:Bosome
2045:Obuasi
2040:Kumasi
1784:Anansi
1779:Abosom
1734:Faiths
1708:Topics
1528:M'Bato
1503:Avikam
1477:Abidji
1441:Ahanta
1413:Baoulé
1373:Asante
1303:Ndyuka
1298:M'Bato
1288:Evalue
1263:Baoule
1258:Avikam
1223:Akwamu
1218:Ahanta
1203:Abidji
1123:Panama
1074:Baoule
1051:Guyana
1038:Ndyuka
979:topics
915:
872:
844:
838:179582
836:
797:
769:
761:
724:
516:per se
343:Kotoku
256:Pameng
196:Akwamu
177:Akwamu
166:adansi
123:, and
2727:Tabom
2707:Arabs
2697:Zarma
2682:Mossi
2672:Hausa
2621:Logba
2611:Krobo
2579:Kyode
2574:Gonja
2569:Efutu
2564:Guang
2532:Dyula
2512:Bissa
2500:Nzema
2495:Fante
2475:Assin
2455:Akyem
2450:Ahafo
2435:Agave
2430:Adele
2350:Abron
2333:Fante
2279:Akyem
2274:Efutu
2137:Abron
2122:Fante
2068:Akyem
2063:Efutu
1793:Music
1769:Nyame
1746:Nyame
1688:(NPP)
1523:Ebrié
1487:Attié
1455:Nzema
1427:Sehwi
1406:Anyin
1352:Fante
1313:Sefwi
1308:Nzema
1293:Kwahu
1248:Attie
1243:Assin
1238:Aowin
1228:Akyem
1213:Ahafo
1192:Fante
842:S2CID
834:JSTOR
767:S2CID
759:JSTOR
575:Notes
416:Wilks
391:Accra
363:coast
359:Fante
355:Twifo
347:Wassa
252:Praso
150:Sahel
133:Ghana
109:Akyem
58:Ghana
23:Akyem
2677:Fula
2656:Yeji
2651:Wala
2646:Tshi
2485:Bono
2460:Anyi
2440:Akan
2357:Bono
2323:Asen
2255:Akan
2144:Bono
2112:Asen
1389:Wasa
1380:Bono
1323:Wasa
1268:Bono
1233:Anyi
1198:Abbe
1049:and
977:Akan
913:ISSN
870:ISBN
795:ISBN
722:ISBN
426:The
393:.
369:and
357:and
341:and
291:Guan
107:The
100:Akan
73:and
35:Akan
2641:Tem
2537:Ewe
1511:Ega
1472:Abé
1359:Twi
903:doi
826:doi
529:Art
371:Oyo
71:Twi
2744::
1964:•
1936:•
1665:•
1053:•
1045:,
999:•
935:,
931:.
911:.
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779:^
765:.
753:.
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672:20
670:.
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635:^
603:^
353:,
349:,
282:.
234:Ga
198:.
119:,
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2394:v
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