42:
86:
670:
Mahmoud al-Joudi, Saleh
Mahmoud Me'ari-Abu Sa'ud, Abd al-Hamid Daher Me'ari, Muhammad al-Hajj Ali, Yusef Taha, Fadil Eid, Yousif Mai and Abbas al-Shattawi. A number of women from al-Birwa participated in the revolt by transporting arms, water and food to rebels positioned among the hills in the vicinity. Elderly refugees from al-Birwa interviewed in 2003–2004 recalled that during the revolt, local rebels set off a mine that hit a British military jeep on a road adjacent to al-Birwa in August 1937, prompting the British to launch punitive measures against the village. These included gathering men from al-Birwa and forcing them to cut cactus plants near Acre and then placing the men on top of the cactuses, leaving the women of the village to tend to their wounds.
76:
66:
56:
2590:
107:
837:'s gangs. The Israel Defense Forces and the government did not treat them as they deserved, but permitted them to remain in villages near Birwa, and to become residents of Israel. The government of Israel treats them as it does the other residents of Israel and those lacking means of subsistence. A special body was established to deal with these refugees, to resettle and rehabilitate them, not necessarily in their former villages, and the resettlement of the refugees in Nazareth has already begun." In December 1951, the village site was declared a closed military zone.
697:
3,000 goats and 1,000 chickens. Women, particularly young women from smaller landowning families, participated alongside the men of their family in working the land, while many women from landless families drew income as seasonal workers on other village residents' lands. There were general, gender-based divisions of labor, with women collecting well water, raising livestock, curdling milk, transporting goods to markets in Acre and collecting herbs; men typically plowed and sowed seeds, and both men and women picked olives and harvested crops.
720:. During the fighting, 45 elderly residents hid in the church with the priest. The defenders of the village surrendered after losing men and running out of ammunition. The residents took refuge in nearby villages for thirteen days. Nevertheless, clashes continued during the truce. According to local militiamen from al-Birwa, 96 men from the village armed with rifles, and an equal number of men armed with non-firearms and unarmed women assembled near the front lines of the
681:. Prominent families and landowners in the village included the Saad, Darwish, Abdullah, Kayyal, Sakkas, al-Wakid, al-Joudi, Najm, al-Dabdoub, Khalid, Akawi, Hissian, Hawash and al-Sheikha families. Socio-economic status in the village was largely determined by land ownership. About 140 residents of the village were tenant farmers who worked for the major landowning Moughrabi, al-Zayyat and Adlabi families. According to intelligence gathered by the
631:
360:. However, the majority of the residents—men and women—continued to engage in farming, selling their olives, grains and other crops in the markets of Acre. Al-Birwa was captured by the Israelis in early June 1948, after which its local militia recaptured the village. Al-Birwa was then permanently occupied by the Israelis in late June. Afterward, its inhabitants, including future Palestinian poet
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692:, a mosque, a church, and approximately 300 houses. In addition to the Ottoman-era boys' school, an elementary school for girls was established in 1943. By this time, many of the inhabitants lost all or part of their lands due to debts, and concurrently, men and women from al-Birwa increasingly worked in public projects, such as road construction and the
798:, and other localities. In Jadeidi the refugees of al-Birwa mostly resided in a neighborhood called al-Barawneh after their village of origin or alternatively al-Kayyali after the Kayyal family, many of whom lived in the neighborhood and one of whom, Afif Kayyal, was elected mayor in the 1990s and in 2003. Some fled to Lebanon, and ended up in the
457:), lies about one mile southwest of the Arab village by the same name, and is said to be a mound measuring 600 paces in circumference at the top, and 75 feet high. The mound abounds with Graeco-Roman potsherds, showing that it was occupied down to Roman times when it was abandoned, as no distinctively Arab pottery could be found there.
782:, one of al-Birwa's schools, two shrines for local sages, and three houses remained standing as of 1982. One of the shrines was domed and built of stone. Most of the structures stood amid cacti, weeds, olive and fig groves, and mulberry trees. Most of al-Birwa's inhabitants fled to nearby Arab towns and villages, including
685:(a Jewish paramilitary organization in Palestine), the traditional, local power brokers of the central Galilee were residents of al-Birwa, who "resolved all conflicts in the nearby villages". Haganah intelligence also reported that al-Birwa's inhabitants were "long-lived, the majority reaching an age of over 100 years".
412:), of which 59 dunams were built-up areas. Cultivable land accounted for 77% of the total land area. Orchards were planted on 1,548 dunams of which 1,500 were used for olive groves, and 8,457 dunams were allotted to grains. The residents of the town sold 536 dunams to Jews, and most of the rest was Arab-owned.
732:
on 26 May) by surprise and forced them back a kilometer west of al-Birwa. Afterward, al-Birwa's residents harvested their crops. They remained in the village until 24 June, when ALA commanders suggested that they join their families in the nearby villages. The militiamen claimed that the ALA stood by
696:
oil refinery, or in
British military installations, to compensate for lost income. However, the main source of income remained agriculture, and the village's principal crops were olives, wheat, barley, corn, sesame, and watermelons. In 1944–45, residents of the village owned a total of 600 cattle,
669:
region, Sheikh Yihya Hawash, was from al-Birwa. He was arrested by the
British and sentenced to life imprisonment. The British also executed eight residents of al-Birwa who had participated in the revolt. Other rebel commanders and participants in the revolt from al-Birwa included Asad Atallah,
602:
In the late 19th century, al-Birwa grew to be a large village, with a well in its southern area. To the north lay "beautiful olive-groves and fruitful wheatfields," as they were described by one
Western traveller to the region in the mid-19th century. American biblical scholar
845:
2418:
750:
who launched a surprise attack. Some residents camped in the outskirts of the village and occasionally managed to enter and gather personal belongings. After the end of the first truce in mid-July, al-Birwa was captured by Israel during
724:(ALA). The rifle-armed force charged first across the front lines, followed by the men armed with axes, shovels, and sticks, and then the women who carried water to assist the wounded. Al-Birwa's ad hoc militia took the small force of
654:, the population had increased to 996, of which 884 were Muslims and 92 were Christians, living in a total of 224 houses. Cement roofs became widely used in al-Birwa in the 1930s, during a time of significant expansion in the village.
435:
In 2008, the remains of a large olive oil refinery dating from the
Byzantine era was uncovered, together with items belonging to a church. The excavators believed that the olive press could be situated inside a Byzantine monastery.
41:
2411:
2404:
380:
Al-Birwa stood on a rocky hill overlooking the plain of Acre, with an average elevation of 60 meters above sea level. It was situated at the intersection of two highways—one led to Acre and the other towards
2427:
341:, who ruled it for four centuries. Travelers' reports from the late 19th century documented that al-Birwa had a mosque, a church and an elementary school for boys (a girls' school was built in 1942).
2229:
Later biblical researches in
Palestine, and in the adjacent regions: A journal of travels in the year 1852. Drawn up from the original diaries, with historical illustrations, with new maps and plans
9045:
622:
A population list from about 1887 showed that al-Birwa had about 755 inhabitant, of whom 650 were
Muslims and 105 were Christians. In 1888, the Ottomans built an elementary school for boys.
833:
replied in the negative, stating, "The questioner presented the facts inaccurately. Birwa is an abandoned village which was destroyed in the fighting. Its inhabitants cooperated with
746:(UN) observers were there investigating truce violations. It added that "a small Israeli garrison held al-Birwa prior to the truce", but it fell to ALA troops based in
1179:
1447:"Non-Jewish Population within the Boundaries Held by the Israel Defence Army on 1:5:49 in Accordance with the Palestine Government Village Statistics, April 1945"
356:
against
British rule. By the 1940s, many of the village's agrarian inhabitants lost their lands due to debt, and shifted to labor jobs in nearby cities, such as
298:(Akka). In 1945, it had a population of 1,460, of whom the majority were Muslims and a significant minority, Christians. Its total land area consisted of 13,542
2367:
2017:
1299:
432:
periods (7th and first half of 8th centuries CE) and an underground water reservoir. A few potsherds from the
Crusader and Mamluk periods were also found.
1411:
424:, a bronze coin from the 1st or 2nd century CE, remains of an ancient olive press, glass vessels such as a wine goblet and bottles dated to the Late
2396:
1232:
352:, al-Birwa was home to local power brokers, who mediated disputes in neighboring villages. Al-Birwa became a center of rebel operations during the
1909:
650:, al-Birwa had a population of 807, consisting of 735 Muslims and 72 Christians. The Christians were mostly Orthodox with five Anglicans. By the
1839:
1041:
420:
Several excavation has been conducted at the site of al-Birwa after year 2000. Finds included a large building, numerous potsherds from the
1022:
2343:
857:
9055:
7664:
6778:
1309:
106:
8764:
7906:
2102:
1421:
141:
8918:
1405:
1392:
1104:
611:) church. By 1859, British Consul Edward T. Rogers recorded that al-Birwa had approximately 900 inhabitants. The French explorer,
7375:
6583:
1798:
Boqa'i, Nihad (2005). "Patterns of
Internal Displacement, Social Adjustment and the Challenge of Return". In Masalha, Nur (ed.).
1357:
1205:
567:. In the late 13th century, the Mamluks defeated and conquered the last Crusader outposts along Palestine's northern coastline.
8306:
7939:
7619:
7474:
7065:
1051:
6811:
2439:
2318:
2162:
2134:
2073:
2006:
1967:
1851:
1788:
1446:
200:
85:
1057:
1035:
840:
Al-Birwa is among the Palestinian villages for which commemorative Marches of Return have taken place, typically as part of
2372:
658:
353:
1962:. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft.
2328:
1341:
2358:
2308:
2126:
616:
592:
2426:
2241:
2183:
1946:
1809:
826:
1525:
8903:
2431:
195:
2227:
1881:
755:. The ALA fought the Israelis to recapture al-Birwa, but by 18 July, the village was firmly behind Israeli lines.
2065:
2032:
1689:
1296:
967:
2194:
1819:
1780:
1093:
587:(District of Safed). The village paid taxes on wheat, barley, fruit, beehives, and goats. According to Ottoman
1569:
607:
visited al-Birwa in 1852 and noted that it was one of 18 villages in Palestine with an operating Christian (
1261:
1631:
Jiryis, Sabri (1973). "The Legal Structure for the Expropriation and Absorption of Arab Lands in Israel".
1367:
1322:
1215:
1128:
882:
736:
The Israelis announced that they had battled ALA units in the area, inflicting 100 casualties on 25 June.
580:
75:
908:
689:
65:
55:
1236:
806:, where Palestinian historian Nafez Nazzal interviewed them in 1973. Among the refugees of al-Birwa was
2154:
2093:
1915:
1861:
1736:
1380:
1228:
9050:
2223:
1734:
Barag, Dan (1979). "A new source concerning the ultimate borders of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem".
1249:
Barag, Dan (1979). "A new source concerning the ultimate borders of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem".
604:
303:
2215:
1710:
829:
of al-Birwa in the Knesset, demanding that they be allowed to return to their homes. Prime Minister
7028:
1857:
The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology
1080:
674:
651:
647:
560:
334:
1351:
1335:
8845:
8654:
7035:
7023:
818:
661:
against British rule and mass Jewish immigration in Palestine. A commander of the revolt for the
1823:
8835:
7136:
7097:
6994:
6622:
2233:
1985:
1847:
678:
2362:
2281:
2120:
1932:
1271:
583:. In 1596, al-Birwa was a small village in the Akka Nahiya (Subdistrict of Acre), part of the
8971:
8881:
8728:
8076:
7536:
7529:
6989:
2290:
2202:
1697:
1579:
954:
920:
729:
717:
526:
1659:
8840:
8830:
8453:
7838:
7353:
7303:
7169:
7162:
7148:
7107:
7102:
2386:
2089:
Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500
799:
759:
721:
2251:
1959:
Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century
1526:"Palestinian Internally Displaced Persons inside Israel: Challenging the Solid Structures"
385:. Located 10.5 kilometers east of Acre, the other nearest localities to al-Birwa included
8:
9019:
8543:
7891:
7522:
7090:
6841:
6836:
5521:
2527:
2265:
2087:
1855:
1773:
1718:
643:
550:
494:
345:
188:
183:
127:
2322:
1895:
1872:
Les archives, la bibliothèque et le trésor de l'Ordre de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem à Malte
8952:
8893:
8796:
8786:
8678:
8234:
8038:
7947:
7792:
7604:
7432:
7310:
7246:
7215:
6749:
2512:
1833:
1745:
1452:. United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine. 1949. p. 2. Archived from
738:
538:
349:
2255:
337:
rule in the late 13th century, and in the early 16th century, it was conquered by the
8964:
8754:
8747:
8591:
8586:
8555:
8548:
8516:
8341:
8291:
8204:
8156:
8081:
7884:
7845:
7785:
7780:
7517:
7296:
7271:
7234:
7073:
6925:
6591:
5116:
2378:
2304:
2269:
2237:
2179:
2158:
2130:
2069:
2057:
All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948
2002:
1963:
1942:
1870:
1805:
1784:
1140:
762:
called for building a settlement on some of al-Birwa's lands, and on 6 January 1949,
713:
564:
506:
493:, the villages in the immediate vicinity of Kabul were pillaged and burnt during the
429:
394:
5215:
1911:
Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine
389:(depopulated in 1948) to the south, and the Arab towns of Jadeidi to the northwest,
9005:
8928:
8862:
8711:
8704:
8509:
8229:
7988:
7855:
7799:
7713:
7672:
7627:
7558:
7482:
7449:
7317:
7189:
7155:
6658:
3100:
2517:
2452:
1768:
1640:
1601:
1592:
Kamen, Charles S. (1987). "After the Catastrophe I: The Arabs in Israel, 1948–51".
834:
830:
778:
was inaugurated on the village's western lands. According to Palestinian historian
608:
546:
478:
425:
314:
6349:
3082:
3064:
2428:
Palestinian Arab towns and villages depopulated during the 1948 Palestinian exodus
1891:
1758:
1644:
1453:
612:
8947:
8935:
8632:
8502:
8321:
8168:
8052:
7870:
7806:
7632:
7512:
7358:
7276:
7251:
7184:
7117:
6984:
6870:
6735:
6730:
6617:
5404:
5224:
4558:
3289:
2487:
2300:
2173:
2148:
2061:
2055:
1998:
1957:
1799:
1303:
807:
752:
709:
553:. Al-Birwa was mentioned as part of the Acre-based Crusaders' domain in the 1283
470:
361:
276:
5746:
4522:
4198:
4189:
4000:
3307:
2122:
The Roles of Palestinian Peasant Women: The Case of al-Birweh Village, 1930–1960
2104:
Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas
712:
first captured al-Birwa and positions overlooking it on 11 June 1948 as part of
9024:
8976:
8898:
8733:
8639:
8579:
8485:
8473:
8431:
8397:
8346:
8265:
8031:
7753:
7502:
7410:
7332:
7124:
7083:
7050:
6768:
6675:
6644:
6598:
6304:
5593:
5341:
5332:
5305:
5017:
4981:
4927:
3541:
2492:
2385:, 14 May 2008. Interview with Muhammad Diab from al-Birwa, now refugee in the
2083:
1938:
1174:
743:
596:
576:
510:
338:
318:
173:
6457:
6169:
5494:
5476:
4864:
4324:
4270:
4261:
3316:
3271:
1605:
1116:
599:
depicted al-Birwa as "Beroweh", though its location on the map was misplaced.
9039:
8779:
8740:
8666:
8661:
8627:
8572:
8373:
8351:
8064:
7689:
7587:
7459:
7415:
7339:
7196:
6930:
6848:
6824:
6801:
6723:
6718:
6689:
6670:
6627:
6612:
6475:
5710:
5539:
5422:
5386:
5206:
5161:
5008:
4855:
4468:
4414:
4216:
3991:
3973:
3820:
3505:
3298:
2731:
2557:
2547:
2502:
2477:
2472:
2051:
810:, who was born in the village in 1941 and lived part of his childhood there.
787:
779:
733:
during the clashes because they did not receive orders from their superiors.
514:
398:
322:
156:
143:
6565:
6493:
6439:
6430:
6016:
5854:
5764:
5620:
5080:
4990:
4513:
4423:
4252:
4036:
3982:
3874:
3730:
3469:
3163:
3109:
2767:
9012:
8869:
8823:
8723:
8671:
8596:
8560:
8463:
8438:
8314:
8175:
8163:
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7741:
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7639:
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7546:
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6079:
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5260:
4693:
4603:
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4477:
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4027:
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3559:
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3190:
3127:
2848:
2567:
2144:
814:
791:
584:
518:
462:
458:
421:
310:
295:
288:
95:
A series of historical maps of the area around Al-Birwa (click the buttons)
6511:
6286:
6241:
6187:
6133:
5647:
5368:
5197:
5188:
5152:
5107:
5026:
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4297:
4171:
4117:
4009:
3550:
3370:
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541:
from the Fatimids in 1099. They referred to al-Birwa as "Broet". In 1253,
8716:
8531:
8424:
8409:
8331:
8279:
8149:
8005:
7998:
7976:
7914:
7865:
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6214:
5908:
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5503:
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4900:
4675:
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4621:
4540:
4450:
4315:
4144:
4090:
3883:
3253:
3136:
3019:
2974:
1905:
846:
the Association for the Defence of the Rights of the Internally Displaced
639:
542:
6466:
6331:
6322:
6313:
6070:
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5917:
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5791:
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4612:
4585:
4549:
4243:
4135:
3685:
2902:
2857:
2812:
2794:
2596:
1900:(in French). Vol. 3: Galilee, pt. 1. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
1749:
1194:
in 2.18.9 and in 3.3.1. have, in both cases, transcribed the Greek word
642:, British forces drove out the Ottomans from Palestine and in 1920, the
8998:
8988:
8818:
8603:
8478:
8468:
8414:
8402:
8385:
8368:
8326:
8272:
8180:
8069:
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7952:
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4072:
3865:
3595:
3586:
3262:
3181:
3091:
3073:
3055:
2929:
2713:
2650:
1995:
Population Resettlement in International Conflicts: A Comparative Study
1934:
The Age of the Crusades: The Near East from the Eleventh Century to 151
795:
6520:
6367:
6295:
6232:
6124:
5998:
5899:
5782:
5287:
5170:
5089:
5071:
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4792:
4738:
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4279:
4234:
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3415:
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3352:
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reported that there was fighting in the village for two days and that
8957:
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3946:
3757:
3703:
3694:
3622:
3604:
3397:
3118:
2758:
2695:
2668:
2537:
1535:. Badil Resource Center for Palestinian Residency and Refugee Rights.
1286:
Hütteroth and Abdulfattah 1977, p. 190, quoted in Khalidi 1992, p. 9.
841:
763:
465:
thought that Al-Birwa preserves in its name the more ancient name of
372:
were established on al-Birwa's lands in 1949 and 1950, respectively.
365:
326:
264:
6448:
5881:
5872:
5719:
5548:
5440:
5323:
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5242:
5233:
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3343:
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3226:
3199:
3172:
3154:
2884:
2866:
2821:
2803:
2677:
2632:
2623:
1897:
Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine
8940:
8876:
8685:
8620:
8492:
8358:
8197:
8108:
7993:
7981:
7850:
7454:
7437:
7390:
7286:
7239:
7208:
6974:
6947:
6915:
6786:
6761:
6639:
6547:
6385:
6196:
6160:
6007:
5827:
5773:
5638:
5629:
5575:
5431:
5269:
5053:
4891:
4819:
4774:
4432:
4333:
3910:
3784:
3667:
3613:
3028:
3010:
2992:
2830:
2749:
2659:
2641:
2562:
2522:
2507:
2497:
2467:
2457:
2296:
1977:
1914:. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center. Archived from
1801:
Catastrophe Remembered: Palestine, Israel and the Internal Refugees
747:
666:
662:
534:
522:
490:
386:
6538:
6403:
6394:
6223:
6178:
6034:
5989:
5962:
5944:
5935:
5809:
5566:
5530:
5512:
5377:
5251:
5179:
4945:
4783:
4747:
4567:
4387:
4207:
3964:
3838:
3802:
3514:
3424:
3235:
3217:
3208:
3145:
2956:
2947:
2839:
2785:
2589:
1692:(132). Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel.
1198:(Gr. Χαβουλών), used there for this city in the original text, as
630:
8791:
8692:
8613:
8536:
8526:
8521:
8443:
8390:
8378:
8363:
8296:
8260:
8086:
8045:
7959:
7833:
7828:
7575:
7563:
7541:
7327:
7131:
7112:
7016:
6979:
6957:
6905:
6632:
6277:
6142:
6097:
6088:
5980:
5953:
5818:
5557:
5467:
5449:
5413:
4837:
4810:
4684:
4306:
4108:
3919:
3892:
3793:
3748:
3712:
3658:
3631:
3433:
3037:
2965:
2938:
2920:
2722:
2605:
2542:
2532:
2390:
2352:
1721:(1922). "Contribution to the Historical Geography of Palestine".
1156:
1132:
822:
767:
725:
682:
409:
302:(13.5 square kilometers). The village was depopulated during the
6556:
6412:
6250:
6205:
6151:
5755:
5602:
5485:
5395:
5143:
5062:
5044:
4846:
4801:
4702:
4396:
4180:
4153:
4099:
4045:
4018:
3955:
3775:
3721:
3640:
3532:
3496:
3487:
3478:
3442:
3379:
3361:
3325:
3280:
3244:
2983:
2875:
2704:
1775:
Sacred Landscape: The Buried History of the Holy Land Since 1948
525:", and reports having visited what he described as the tombs of
364:, fled to nearby villages or Lebanon. The Jewish communities of
8993:
8886:
8850:
8801:
8697:
8649:
8644:
8608:
8565:
8458:
8336:
8253:
8246:
8241:
8224:
8190:
8132:
8120:
8093:
7644:
7592:
7464:
7261:
7174:
7045:
6964:
6895:
6875:
6663:
6340:
5800:
4126:
3766:
2572:
1612:
803:
775:
771:
705:
588:
369:
260:
249:
2119:
Meari, Lena (2010). Kanaaneh, Rhoda Ann; Nusair, Isis (eds.).
1314:
1312:
8981:
8908:
8811:
8772:
8448:
8284:
8219:
8214:
8185:
8103:
8098:
7919:
7877:
7860:
7823:
7816:
7811:
7773:
7768:
7684:
7679:
7649:
7609:
7507:
7420:
7179:
6935:
6920:
6885:
6754:
6699:
2552:
2482:
1760:
Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922
1664:
Interactive Encyclopedia of the Palestine Question – palquest
1160:
783:
693:
555:
486:
405:
390:
382:
357:
299:
291:
224:
615:, who visited in 1875, described the Christians of Birwa as
8209:
7964:
2447:
1492:
1490:
549:, sold al-Birwa, along with several other villages, to the
530:
317:. In the mid-11th century CE Al-Birwa was mentioned by the
9046:
Arab villages depopulated during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War
1984:. Vol. 2. Translated by H. St. J. Thackeray. London:
8137:
2382:
2109:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1879:
1487:
937:
935:
933:
931:
929:
657:
A number of al-Birwa's inhabitants participated in the
294:
village, located 10.5 kilometers (6.5 mi) east of
2368:
Fifth Procession of Return by ADRID in al-Birweh, 2002
2150:
The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited
1012:
1010:
1008:
1006:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
981:
979:
977:
975:
1511:
Nazzal 1978, pp.65–70, quoted in Khalidi 1992, p. 10.
677:, al-Birwa's population was 1,460, of which 130 were
1955:
1539:
1475:
1463:
1427:
1027:
1025:
926:
2257:(RRH) Regesta regni Hierosolymitani (MXCVII-MCCXCI)
1956:Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter; Abdulfattah, Kamal (1977).
1723:
Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research
1105:
An ancient complex for Producing Oil was discovered
1003:
972:
1868:
1772:
1186:The History of the War of the Jews with the Romans
2260:(in Latin). Berlin: Libraria Academica Wageriana.
619:, and noted that they had a "fairly new" church.
591:, al-Birwa had 121 residents in 1596. A map from
9037:
2373:Fifth Procession of Return by ADRID in al-Birweh
2274:Quarterly Statement - Palestine Exploration Fund
1993:Kacowicz, Arie Marcelo; Lutomski, Pawel (2007).
1992:
1818:
1618:
1391:Barron 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Acre, p.
923:, village #89. Also gives cause of depopulation.
2193:Porat, Leea; Getzov, Nimrod (7 February 2010).
2178:. Beirut: The Institute for Palestine Studies.
1846:
1318:
404:Al-Birwa's total land area consisted of 13,542
227:(13.5 km or 5.2 sq mi)
309:The settlement at Al-Birwa was started in the
2412:
2317:
1756:
2324:Memoir to Accompany the Map of the Holy Land
1188:(in Hebrew). Ramat-Gan: Masada. p. 565.
2192:
2018:"An Analysis of Jacotin's Map of Palestine"
1862:Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund
1523:
858:Depopulated Palestinian locations in Israel
2419:
2405:
2264:
2082:
2015:
1838:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1797:
1767:
1733:
1385:
1211:
1076:
844:, such as the demonstrations organized by
505:Al-Birwa was mentioned in 1047 CE, during
2288:
1575:
1507:
1505:
1328:
2250:
2222:
2175:The Palestinian Exodus from Galilee 1948
1976:
1875:(in French and Latin). Paris: E. Leroux.
1804:. New York: Zed Books. pp. 73–112.
1717:
1687:
1519:
1517:
1347:
1282:
1280:
1183:
903:
901:
629:
69:
2050:
2031:(3–4): 155–173, 244–253. Archived from
1779:. Maxine Kaufman-Lacusta (translator).
1231:; cited in Clermont-Ganneau, 1888, pp.
997:
941:
9038:
2289:Torstrick, Rebecca L. (30 June 2004).
2171:
2143:
1904:
1890:
1630:
1502:
1363:
1235:–310; cited in Röhricht 1893, RRH, p.
1131:; cf. references to same place in the
1047:
1031:
770:, was established there. In 1950, the
716:, a day before the first truce of the
2400:
2270:"Population list of the Liwa of Akka"
2118:
2114:. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
2100:
1591:
1545:
1514:
1496:
1481:
1469:
1433:
1417:
1277:
1248:
1242:
1151:45a). Others, dissenting, think that
1016:
898:
489:are mentioned together. According to
2357:Survey of Western Palestine, Map 5:
1930:
1267:
881:Conder & Kitchener (1881), page
517:. He describes it as lying "between
1869:Delaville Le Roulx, Joseph (1883).
907:Department of Statistics, 1945, p.
474:
280:
46:The former school in al-Birwa, 2019
13:
2127:State University of New York Press
1657:
1127:Conder & Kitchener (1881), p.
625:
21:Place in Acre, Mandatory Palestine
14:
9067:
9056:Former populated places in Israel
2379:Inside a Palestinian refugee camp
2337:
1880:Department of Statistics (1945).
728:soldiers (who became part of the
688:By the 1940s, al-Birwa had three
570:
509:rule, when it was visited by the
6564:
6555:
6546:
6537:
6528:
6519:
6510:
6501:
6492:
6483:
6474:
6465:
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6447:
6438:
6429:
6420:
6411:
6402:
6393:
6384:
6375:
6366:
6357:
6348:
6339:
6330:
6321:
6312:
6303:
6294:
6285:
6276:
6267:
6258:
6249:
6240:
6231:
6222:
6213:
6204:
6195:
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6177:
6168:
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6132:
6123:
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6015:
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5988:
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5916:
5907:
5898:
5889:
5880:
5871:
5862:
5853:
5844:
5835:
5826:
5817:
5808:
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5781:
5772:
5763:
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5718:
5709:
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5691:
5682:
5673:
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5628:
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5610:
5601:
5592:
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5574:
5565:
5556:
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5538:
5529:
5520:
5511:
5502:
5493:
5484:
5475:
5466:
5457:
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5439:
5430:
5421:
5412:
5403:
5394:
5385:
5376:
5367:
5358:
5349:
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5331:
5322:
5313:
5304:
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5268:
5259:
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5232:
5223:
5214:
5205:
5196:
5187:
5178:
5169:
5160:
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5142:
5133:
5124:
5115:
5106:
5097:
5088:
5079:
5070:
5061:
5052:
5043:
5034:
5025:
5016:
5007:
4998:
4989:
4980:
4971:
4962:
4953:
4944:
4935:
4926:
4917:
4908:
4899:
4890:
4881:
4872:
4863:
4854:
4845:
4836:
4827:
4818:
4809:
4800:
4791:
4782:
4773:
4764:
4755:
4746:
4737:
4728:
4719:
4710:
4701:
4692:
4683:
4674:
4665:
4656:
4647:
4638:
4629:
4620:
4611:
4602:
4593:
4584:
4575:
4566:
4557:
4548:
4539:
4530:
4521:
4512:
4503:
4494:
4485:
4476:
4467:
4458:
4449:
4440:
4431:
4422:
4413:
4404:
4395:
4386:
4377:
4368:
4359:
4350:
4341:
4332:
4323:
4314:
4305:
4296:
4287:
4278:
4269:
4260:
4251:
4242:
4233:
4224:
4215:
4206:
4197:
4188:
4179:
4170:
4161:
4152:
4143:
4134:
4125:
4116:
4107:
4098:
4089:
4080:
4071:
4062:
4053:
4044:
4035:
4026:
4017:
4008:
3999:
3990:
3981:
3972:
3963:
3954:
3945:
3936:
3927:
3918:
3909:
3900:
3891:
3882:
3873:
3864:
3855:
3846:
3837:
3828:
3819:
3810:
3801:
3792:
3783:
3774:
3765:
3756:
3747:
3738:
3729:
3720:
3711:
3702:
3693:
3684:
3675:
3666:
3657:
3648:
3639:
3630:
3621:
3612:
3603:
3594:
3585:
3576:
3567:
3558:
3549:
3540:
3531:
3522:
3513:
3504:
3495:
3486:
3477:
3468:
3459:
3450:
3441:
3432:
3423:
3414:
3405:
3396:
3387:
3378:
3369:
3360:
3351:
3342:
3333:
3324:
3315:
3306:
3297:
3288:
3279:
3270:
3261:
3252:
3243:
3234:
3225:
3216:
3207:
3198:
3189:
3180:
3171:
3162:
3153:
3144:
3135:
3126:
3117:
3108:
3099:
3090:
3081:
3072:
3063:
3054:
3045:
3036:
3027:
3018:
3009:
3000:
2991:
2982:
2973:
2964:
2955:
2946:
2937:
2928:
2919:
2910:
2901:
2892:
2883:
2874:
2865:
2856:
2847:
2838:
2829:
2820:
2811:
2802:
2793:
2784:
2775:
2766:
2757:
2748:
2739:
2730:
2721:
2712:
2703:
2694:
2685:
2676:
2667:
2658:
2649:
2640:
2631:
2622:
2613:
2604:
2595:
2588:
2375:, Yosefa Mekaitun, 2002, Zochrot
1828:(in French). Vol. 1. Paris.
1524:Bokae'e, Nihad (February 2003).
1155:is to be recognised in the name
579:rule in 1517, along with all of
485:iv.1 ), seeing that both it and
113:
112:
105:
84:
74:
64:
54:
40:
2197:. Israel Antiquities Authority.
2066:Institute for Palestine Studies
1883:Village Statistics, April, 1945
1825:Recueil d'archéologie orientale
1688:Abu Raya, Rafeh (28 May 2020).
1651:
1624:
1585:
1560:
1551:
1439:
1398:
1373:
1289:
1221:
1166:
1121:
1109:
1098:
1086:
885:, cited in Khalidi, 1992, p. 9.
875:
2295:(1 ed.). Westport, Conn:
1939:Addison Wesley Longman Limited
1781:University of California Press
960:
957:, settlement #47, January 1949
947:
913:
634:Al-Birwa from a distance, 1928
500:
415:
1:
2292:Culture and Customs of Israel
1645:10.1525/jps.1973.2.4.00p0099c
863:
827:internally displaced refugees
90:1940s with modern overlay map
1931:Holt, Peter Malcolm (1986).
1633:Journal of Palestine Studies
1619:Kacowicz & Lutomski 2007
1404:Barron, 1923, Table XVI, p.
1227:Delaville Le Roulx 1883, p.
892:
644:British Mandate of Palestine
444:
375:
313:, and reached a peak in the
7:
1757:Barron, J. B., ed. (1923).
1319:Conder & Kitchener 1881
1184:Simchoni, Jacob N. (1968).
851:
593:Napoleon's invasion of 1799
559:(truce agreement) with the
10:
9072:
2579:
2155:Cambridge University Press
2094:Palestine Exploration Fund
2025:Israel Exploration Journal
1886:. Government of Palestine.
1763:. Government of Palestine.
1737:Israel Exploration Journal
1680:
1251:Israel Exploration Journal
825:, raised the issue of the
439:
16:Former palestinian village
8917:
8763:
8305:
7938:
7905:
7663:
7618:
7473:
7374:
7064:
6810:
6777:
6582:
2438:
1606:10.1080/00263208708700721
1115:Albright (1921/1922), p.
700:
333:. The village came under
256:
244:
236:
231:
219:
214:
206:
194:
182:
172:
137:
100:
51:
39:
26:
7029:al-Sawafir al-Shamaliyya
1557:Boqa'i 2005, pp. 80, 85.
868:
646:was established. In the
325:and it was known to the
245:Cause(s) of depopulation
210:11 June 1948 or mid-July
30:
7036:al-Sawafir al-Sharqiyya
7024:al-Sawafir al-Gharbiyya
1860:. Vol. 1. London:
1660:"Meanings of the Nakba"
758:On 20 August 1948, the
595:by French cartographer
449:The more ancient site,
7098:Arab Zahrat al-Dumayri
6995:al-Masmiyya al-Saghira
2234:University of Michigan
2210:Cite journal requires
2172:Nazzal, Nafez (1978).
1986:Loeb Classical Library
1820:Clermont-Ganneau, C.S.
1705:Cite journal requires
1594:Middle Eastern Studies
1566:Nazzal 1978, pp. 65–70
802:, in the outskirts of
635:
8729:al-Zahiriyya al-Tahta
7537:al-Jammasin al-Sharqi
7530:al-Jammasin al-Gharbi
6990:al-Masmiyya al-Kabira
2319:Velde, van de, C.W.M.
1379:Schumacher, 1888, p.
1190:, the translators of
1182:). As pointed out by
1159:, ca. 2 km. north of
730:Israel Defense Forces
718:1948 Arab-Israeli War
659:1936–1939 Arab revolt
633:
304:1948 Arab–Israeli War
157:32.90528°N 35.18028°E
7170:al-Ghubayya al-Tahta
7163:al-Ghubayya al-Fawqa
2387:Shatila refugee camp
1997:. Lanham, Maryland:
800:Shatila refugee camp
760:Jewish National Fund
722:Arab Liberation Army
575:Al-Birwa came under
477:), mentioned in the
248:Military assault by
207:Date of depopulation
7523:Ijlil al-Shamaliyya
6842:al-Batani al-Sharqi
6837:al-Batani al-Gharbi
2344:Welcome To al-Birwa
2092:. Committee of the
2038:on 22 December 2019
2016:Karmon, Y. (1960).
1499:, pp. 126–127.
1334:van de Velde 1858,
648:1922 British census
551:Knights Hospitaller
537:wrested control of
495:First Jewish revolt
189:Mandatory Palestine
184:Geopolitical entity
174:Palestine grid
153: /
128:Mandatory Palestine
8904:al-Wa'ra al-Sawda'
8787:Ghuwayr Abu Shusha
8679:al-Shawka al-Tahta
8235:Sarafand al-Kharab
7605:al-Shaykh Muwannis
2101:Mills, E. (1932).
1918:on 8 December 2018
1302:2019-12-22 at the
953:Morris, 2004, p.
739:The New York Times
636:
401:to the northeast.
257:Current localities
237: • Total
220: • Total
162:32.90528; 35.18028
9033:
9032:
8755:al-Zuq al-Tahtani
8748:al-Zuq al-Fawqani
8556:Mansurat al-Khayt
8517:Kirad al-Ghannama
8342:Arab al-Shamalina
7518:Ijlil al-Qibliyya
7354:Wa'arat al-Sarris
7149:Daliyat al-Rawha'
6926:Iraq al-Manshiyya
2363:Wikimedia commons
2164:978-0-521-00967-6
2136:978-1-4384-3271-7
2075:978-0-88728-224-9
2008:978-0-7391-1607-4
1969:978-3-920405-41-4
1790:978-0-520-21154-4
1141:Babylonian Talmud
919:Morris, 2004, p.
714:Operation Ben-Ami
690:olive oil presses
565:al-Mansur Qalawun
422:Late Roman period
397:to the east, and
270:
269:
9063:
9051:District of Acre
9006:Wadi al-Hawarith
8510:Kirad al-Baqqara
8230:Sarafand al-Amar
7714:Bayt Umm al-Mays
7091:Arab al-Nufay'at
6568:
6559:
6550:
6541:
6532:
6523:
6514:
6505:
6496:
6487:
6478:
6469:
6460:
6451:
6442:
6433:
6424:
6415:
6406:
6397:
6388:
6379:
6370:
6361:
6352:
6343:
6334:
6325:
6316:
6307:
6298:
6289:
6280:
6271:
6262:
6253:
6244:
6235:
6226:
6217:
6208:
6199:
6190:
6181:
6172:
6163:
6154:
6145:
6136:
6127:
6118:
6109:
6100:
6091:
6082:
6073:
6064:
6055:
6046:
6037:
6028:
6019:
6010:
6001:
5992:
5983:
5974:
5965:
5956:
5947:
5938:
5929:
5920:
5911:
5902:
5893:
5884:
5875:
5866:
5857:
5848:
5839:
5830:
5821:
5812:
5803:
5794:
5785:
5776:
5767:
5758:
5749:
5740:
5731:
5722:
5713:
5704:
5695:
5686:
5677:
5668:
5659:
5650:
5641:
5632:
5623:
5614:
5605:
5596:
5587:
5578:
5569:
5560:
5551:
5542:
5533:
5524:
5515:
5506:
5497:
5488:
5479:
5470:
5461:
5452:
5443:
5434:
5425:
5416:
5407:
5398:
5389:
5380:
5371:
5362:
5353:
5344:
5335:
5326:
5317:
5308:
5299:
5290:
5281:
5272:
5263:
5254:
5245:
5236:
5227:
5218:
5209:
5200:
5191:
5182:
5173:
5164:
5155:
5146:
5137:
5128:
5119:
5110:
5101:
5092:
5083:
5074:
5065:
5056:
5047:
5038:
5029:
5020:
5011:
5002:
4993:
4984:
4975:
4966:
4957:
4948:
4939:
4930:
4921:
4912:
4903:
4894:
4885:
4876:
4867:
4858:
4849:
4840:
4831:
4822:
4813:
4804:
4795:
4786:
4777:
4768:
4759:
4750:
4741:
4732:
4723:
4714:
4705:
4696:
4687:
4678:
4669:
4660:
4651:
4642:
4633:
4624:
4615:
4606:
4597:
4588:
4579:
4570:
4561:
4552:
4543:
4534:
4525:
4516:
4507:
4498:
4489:
4480:
4471:
4462:
4453:
4444:
4435:
4426:
4417:
4408:
4399:
4390:
4381:
4372:
4363:
4354:
4345:
4336:
4327:
4318:
4309:
4300:
4291:
4282:
4273:
4264:
4255:
4246:
4237:
4228:
4219:
4210:
4201:
4192:
4183:
4174:
4165:
4156:
4147:
4138:
4129:
4120:
4111:
4102:
4093:
4084:
4075:
4066:
4057:
4048:
4039:
4030:
4021:
4012:
4003:
3994:
3985:
3976:
3967:
3958:
3949:
3940:
3931:
3922:
3913:
3904:
3895:
3886:
3877:
3868:
3859:
3850:
3841:
3832:
3823:
3814:
3805:
3796:
3787:
3778:
3769:
3760:
3751:
3742:
3733:
3724:
3715:
3706:
3697:
3688:
3679:
3670:
3661:
3652:
3643:
3634:
3625:
3616:
3607:
3598:
3589:
3580:
3571:
3562:
3553:
3544:
3535:
3526:
3517:
3508:
3499:
3490:
3481:
3472:
3463:
3454:
3445:
3436:
3427:
3418:
3409:
3400:
3391:
3382:
3373:
3364:
3355:
3346:
3337:
3328:
3319:
3310:
3301:
3292:
3283:
3274:
3265:
3256:
3247:
3238:
3229:
3220:
3211:
3202:
3193:
3184:
3175:
3166:
3157:
3148:
3139:
3130:
3121:
3112:
3103:
3094:
3085:
3076:
3067:
3058:
3049:
3040:
3031:
3022:
3013:
3004:
2995:
2986:
2977:
2968:
2959:
2950:
2941:
2932:
2923:
2914:
2905:
2896:
2887:
2878:
2869:
2860:
2851:
2842:
2833:
2824:
2815:
2806:
2797:
2788:
2779:
2770:
2761:
2752:
2743:
2734:
2725:
2716:
2707:
2698:
2689:
2680:
2671:
2662:
2653:
2644:
2635:
2626:
2617:
2608:
2599:
2592:
2591:
2453:Arab al-Samniyya
2421:
2414:
2407:
2398:
2397:
2332:
2314:
2285:
2261:
2247:
2219:
2213:
2208:
2206:
2198:
2189:
2168:
2140:
2115:
2113:
2097:
2079:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2037:
2022:
2012:
1989:
1973:
1952:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1901:
1887:
1876:
1865:
1843:
1837:
1829:
1815:
1794:
1778:
1764:
1753:
1744:(3/4): 197–217.
1730:
1714:
1708:
1703:
1701:
1693:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1655:
1649:
1648:
1628:
1622:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1589:
1583:
1573:
1567:
1564:
1558:
1555:
1549:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1530:
1521:
1512:
1509:
1500:
1494:
1485:
1479:
1473:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1451:
1443:
1437:
1431:
1425:
1415:
1409:
1402:
1396:
1389:
1383:
1377:
1371:
1361:
1355:
1345:
1339:
1332:
1326:
1316:
1307:
1295:Karmon 1960, p.
1293:
1287:
1284:
1275:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1246:
1240:
1225:
1219:
1209:
1203:
1189:
1170:
1164:
1125:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1102:
1096:
1090:
1084:
1074:
1055:
1045:
1039:
1029:
1020:
1014:
1001:
995:
970:
966:Abu Raya, 2020,
964:
958:
951:
945:
939:
924:
917:
911:
905:
886:
879:
831:David Ben-Gurion
708:forces from the
638:In 1917, during
609:Eastern Orthodox
547:lord of Caesarea
479:Jerusalem Talmud
476:
354:1936–1939 revolt
282:
168:
167:
165:
164:
163:
158:
154:
151:
150:
149:
146:
126:Location within
116:
115:
109:
91:
88:
81:
78:
71:
68:
61:
58:
44:
24:
23:
9071:
9070:
9066:
9065:
9064:
9062:
9061:
9060:
9036:
9035:
9034:
9029:
8948:Ghabat Kafr Sur
8936:Bayyarat Hannun
8913:
8759:
8633:al-Ras al-Ahmar
8503:Khiyam al-Walid
8301:
8053:Dayr Abu Salama
7934:
7901:
7659:
7614:
7469:
7370:
7118:Balad al-Sheikh
7060:
6806:
6773:
6578:
6577:
6576:
6575:
6574:
6573:
6572:
6571:
6570:
6569:
6561:
6560:
6552:
6551:
6543:
6542:
6534:
6533:
6525:
6524:
6516:
6515:
6507:
6506:
6498:
6497:
6489:
6488:
6480:
6479:
6471:
6470:
6462:
6461:
6453:
6452:
6444:
6443:
6435:
6434:
6426:
6425:
6417:
6416:
6408:
6407:
6399:
6398:
6390:
6389:
6381:
6380:
6372:
6371:
6363:
6362:
6354:
6353:
6345:
6344:
6336:
6335:
6327:
6326:
6318:
6317:
6309:
6308:
6300:
6299:
6291:
6290:
6282:
6281:
6273:
6272:
6264:
6263:
6255:
6254:
6246:
6245:
6237:
6236:
6228:
6227:
6219:
6218:
6210:
6209:
6201:
6200:
6192:
6191:
6183:
6182:
6174:
6173:
6165:
6164:
6156:
6155:
6147:
6146:
6138:
6137:
6129:
6128:
6120:
6119:
6111:
6110:
6102:
6101:
6093:
6092:
6084:
6083:
6075:
6074:
6066:
6065:
6057:
6056:
6048:
6047:
6039:
6038:
6030:
6029:
6021:
6020:
6012:
6011:
6003:
6002:
5994:
5993:
5985:
5984:
5976:
5975:
5967:
5966:
5958:
5957:
5949:
5948:
5940:
5939:
5931:
5930:
5922:
5921:
5913:
5912:
5904:
5903:
5895:
5894:
5886:
5885:
5877:
5876:
5868:
5867:
5859:
5858:
5850:
5849:
5841:
5840:
5832:
5831:
5823:
5822:
5814:
5813:
5805:
5804:
5796:
5795:
5787:
5786:
5778:
5777:
5769:
5768:
5760:
5759:
5751:
5750:
5742:
5741:
5733:
5732:
5724:
5723:
5715:
5714:
5706:
5705:
5697:
5696:
5688:
5687:
5679:
5678:
5670:
5669:
5661:
5660:
5652:
5651:
5643:
5642:
5634:
5633:
5625:
5624:
5616:
5615:
5607:
5606:
5598:
5597:
5589:
5588:
5580:
5579:
5571:
5570:
5562:
5561:
5553:
5552:
5544:
5543:
5535:
5534:
5526:
5525:
5517:
5516:
5508:
5507:
5499:
5498:
5490:
5489:
5481:
5480:
5472:
5471:
5463:
5462:
5454:
5453:
5445:
5444:
5436:
5435:
5427:
5426:
5418:
5417:
5409:
5408:
5400:
5399:
5391:
5390:
5382:
5381:
5373:
5372:
5364:
5363:
5355:
5354:
5346:
5345:
5337:
5336:
5328:
5327:
5319:
5318:
5310:
5309:
5301:
5300:
5292:
5291:
5283:
5282:
5274:
5273:
5265:
5264:
5256:
5255:
5247:
5246:
5238:
5237:
5229:
5228:
5220:
5219:
5211:
5210:
5202:
5201:
5193:
5192:
5184:
5183:
5175:
5174:
5166:
5165:
5157:
5156:
5148:
5147:
5139:
5138:
5130:
5129:
5121:
5120:
5112:
5111:
5103:
5102:
5094:
5093:
5085:
5084:
5076:
5075:
5067:
5066:
5058:
5057:
5049:
5048:
5040:
5039:
5031:
5030:
5022:
5021:
5013:
5012:
5004:
5003:
4995:
4994:
4986:
4985:
4977:
4976:
4968:
4967:
4959:
4958:
4950:
4949:
4941:
4940:
4932:
4931:
4923:
4922:
4914:
4913:
4905:
4904:
4896:
4895:
4887:
4886:
4878:
4877:
4869:
4868:
4860:
4859:
4851:
4850:
4842:
4841:
4833:
4832:
4824:
4823:
4815:
4814:
4806:
4805:
4797:
4796:
4788:
4787:
4779:
4778:
4770:
4769:
4761:
4760:
4752:
4751:
4743:
4742:
4734:
4733:
4725:
4724:
4716:
4715:
4707:
4706:
4698:
4697:
4689:
4688:
4680:
4679:
4671:
4670:
4662:
4661:
4653:
4652:
4644:
4643:
4635:
4634:
4626:
4625:
4617:
4616:
4608:
4607:
4599:
4598:
4590:
4589:
4581:
4580:
4572:
4571:
4563:
4562:
4554:
4553:
4545:
4544:
4536:
4535:
4527:
4526:
4518:
4517:
4509:
4508:
4500:
4499:
4491:
4490:
4482:
4481:
4473:
4472:
4464:
4463:
4455:
4454:
4446:
4445:
4437:
4436:
4428:
4427:
4419:
4418:
4410:
4409:
4401:
4400:
4392:
4391:
4383:
4382:
4374:
4373:
4365:
4364:
4356:
4355:
4347:
4346:
4338:
4337:
4329:
4328:
4320:
4319:
4311:
4310:
4302:
4301:
4293:
4292:
4284:
4283:
4275:
4274:
4266:
4265:
4257:
4256:
4248:
4247:
4239:
4238:
4230:
4229:
4221:
4220:
4212:
4211:
4203:
4202:
4194:
4193:
4185:
4184:
4176:
4175:
4167:
4166:
4158:
4157:
4149:
4148:
4140:
4139:
4131:
4130:
4122:
4121:
4113:
4112:
4104:
4103:
4095:
4094:
4086:
4085:
4077:
4076:
4068:
4067:
4059:
4058:
4050:
4049:
4041:
4040:
4032:
4031:
4023:
4022:
4014:
4013:
4005:
4004:
3996:
3995:
3987:
3986:
3978:
3977:
3969:
3968:
3960:
3959:
3951:
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3933:
3932:
3924:
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3915:
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3870:
3869:
3861:
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3825:
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3816:
3815:
3807:
3806:
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3753:
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3717:
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3708:
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3672:
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3663:
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3617:
3609:
3608:
3600:
3599:
3591:
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3582:
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3573:
3572:
3564:
3563:
3555:
3554:
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3528:
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3509:
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3492:
3491:
3483:
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3465:
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3456:
3455:
3447:
3446:
3438:
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3429:
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3420:
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3411:
3410:
3402:
3401:
3393:
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3384:
3383:
3375:
3374:
3366:
3365:
3357:
3356:
3348:
3347:
3339:
3338:
3330:
3329:
3321:
3320:
3312:
3311:
3303:
3302:
3294:
3293:
3285:
3284:
3276:
3275:
3267:
3266:
3258:
3257:
3249:
3248:
3240:
3239:
3231:
3230:
3222:
3221:
3213:
3212:
3204:
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3195:
3194:
3186:
3185:
3177:
3176:
3168:
3167:
3159:
3158:
3150:
3149:
3141:
3140:
3132:
3131:
3123:
3122:
3114:
3113:
3105:
3104:
3096:
3095:
3087:
3086:
3078:
3077:
3069:
3068:
3060:
3059:
3051:
3050:
3042:
3041:
3033:
3032:
3024:
3023:
3015:
3014:
3006:
3005:
2997:
2996:
2988:
2987:
2979:
2978:
2970:
2969:
2961:
2960:
2952:
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2934:
2933:
2925:
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2916:
2915:
2907:
2906:
2898:
2897:
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2888:
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2871:
2870:
2862:
2861:
2853:
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2844:
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2825:
2817:
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2808:
2807:
2799:
2798:
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2789:
2781:
2780:
2772:
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2763:
2762:
2754:
2753:
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2736:
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2727:
2726:
2718:
2717:
2709:
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2700:
2699:
2691:
2690:
2682:
2681:
2673:
2672:
2664:
2663:
2655:
2654:
2646:
2645:
2637:
2636:
2628:
2627:
2619:
2618:
2610:
2609:
2601:
2600:
2577:
2434:
2425:
2381:, Martin Asser
2340:
2335:
2311:
2301:Greenwood Press
2244:
2211:
2209:
2200:
2199:
2186:
2165:
2137:
2107:
2076:
2062:Washington D.C.
2041:
2039:
2035:
2020:
2009:
1999:Lexington Books
1970:
1949:
1941:. p. 103.
1921:
1919:
1852:Kitchener, H.H.
1831:
1830:
1812:
1791:
1706:
1704:
1695:
1694:
1690:"Ahihud (East)"
1683:
1678:
1668:
1666:
1658:Charif, Maher.
1656:
1652:
1629:
1625:
1617:
1613:
1590:
1586:
1574:
1570:
1565:
1561:
1556:
1552:
1544:
1540:
1528:
1522:
1515:
1510:
1503:
1495:
1488:
1480:
1476:
1468:
1464:
1459:on 9 June 2012.
1456:
1449:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1432:
1428:
1416:
1412:
1403:
1399:
1390:
1386:
1378:
1374:
1362:
1358:
1346:
1342:
1333:
1329:
1317:
1310:
1304:Wayback Machine
1294:
1290:
1285:
1278:
1266:
1262:
1247:
1243:
1226:
1222:
1212:Le Strange 1890
1210:
1206:
1171:
1167:
1126:
1122:
1114:
1110:
1103:
1099:
1091:
1087:
1077:Benvenisti 2000
1075:
1058:
1046:
1042:
1030:
1023:
1015:
1004:
996:
973:
965:
961:
952:
948:
940:
927:
918:
914:
906:
899:
895:
890:
889:
880:
876:
871:
866:
854:
808:Mahmoud Darwish
753:Operation Dekel
710:Carmeli Brigade
703:
675:1945 statistics
628:
626:British Mandate
605:Edward Robinson
573:
545:, the Crusader
503:
447:
442:
418:
378:
362:Mahmoud Darwish
346:British Mandate
283:, also spelled
161:
159:
155:
152:
147:
144:
142:
140:
139:
133:
132:
131:
130:
124:
123:
122:
121:
117:
96:
93:
92:
89:
82:
79:
72:
62:
59:
47:
35:
32:
29:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
9069:
9059:
9058:
9053:
9048:
9031:
9030:
9028:
9027:
9022:
9017:
9015:
9010:
9008:
9003:
9001:
8996:
8991:
8986:
8984:
8979:
8974:
8969:
8967:
8962:
8960:
8955:
8950:
8945:
8943:
8938:
8933:
8931:
8926:
8923:
8921:
8915:
8914:
8912:
8911:
8906:
8901:
8896:
8891:
8889:
8884:
8879:
8874:
8872:
8867:
8865:
8860:
8855:
8853:
8848:
8843:
8838:
8833:
8828:
8826:
8821:
8816:
8814:
8809:
8804:
8799:
8794:
8789:
8784:
8782:
8777:
8775:
8769:
8767:
8761:
8760:
8758:
8757:
8752:
8750:
8745:
8743:
8738:
8736:
8734:al-Zanghariyya
8731:
8726:
8721:
8719:
8714:
8709:
8707:
8702:
8700:
8695:
8690:
8688:
8683:
8681:
8676:
8674:
8669:
8664:
8659:
8657:
8652:
8647:
8642:
8637:
8635:
8630:
8625:
8623:
8618:
8616:
8611:
8606:
8601:
8599:
8594:
8592:al-Nabi Yusha'
8589:
8584:
8582:
8580:Mughr al-Khayt
8577:
8575:
8570:
8568:
8563:
8558:
8553:
8551:
8546:
8541:
8539:
8534:
8529:
8524:
8519:
8514:
8512:
8507:
8505:
8500:
8495:
8490:
8488:
8486:Khan al-Duwayr
8483:
8481:
8476:
8471:
8466:
8461:
8456:
8451:
8446:
8441:
8436:
8434:
8429:
8427:
8422:
8417:
8412:
8407:
8405:
8400:
8398:al-Dirbashiyya
8395:
8393:
8388:
8383:
8381:
8376:
8371:
8366:
8361:
8356:
8354:
8349:
8347:Arab al-Zubayd
8344:
8339:
8334:
8329:
8324:
8319:
8317:
8311:
8309:
8303:
8302:
8300:
8299:
8294:
8289:
8287:
8282:
8277:
8275:
8270:
8268:
8263:
8258:
8256:
8251:
8249:
8244:
8239:
8237:
8232:
8227:
8222:
8217:
8212:
8207:
8202:
8200:
8195:
8193:
8188:
8183:
8178:
8173:
8171:
8166:
8161:
8159:
8154:
8152:
8147:
8142:
8140:
8135:
8130:
8125:
8123:
8118:
8113:
8111:
8106:
8101:
8096:
8091:
8089:
8084:
8079:
8074:
8072:
8067:
8062:
8060:
8055:
8050:
8048:
8043:
8041:
8036:
8034:
8029:
8027:
8022:
8020:
8015:
8013:
8008:
8003:
8001:
7996:
7991:
7986:
7984:
7979:
7974:
7972:
7967:
7962:
7957:
7955:
7950:
7944:
7942:
7936:
7935:
7933:
7932:
7927:
7922:
7917:
7911:
7909:
7903:
7902:
7900:
7899:
7894:
7889:
7887:
7882:
7880:
7875:
7873:
7868:
7863:
7858:
7853:
7848:
7846:Ras Abu 'Ammar
7843:
7841:
7836:
7831:
7826:
7821:
7819:
7814:
7809:
7804:
7802:
7797:
7795:
7790:
7788:
7783:
7778:
7776:
7771:
7766:
7761:
7756:
7754:Dayr al-Shaykh
7751:
7746:
7744:
7739:
7737:
7732:
7730:
7725:
7723:
7718:
7716:
7711:
7709:
7704:
7702:
7697:
7692:
7687:
7682:
7677:
7675:
7669:
7667:
7661:
7660:
7658:
7657:
7652:
7647:
7642:
7637:
7635:
7630:
7624:
7622:
7616:
7615:
7613:
7612:
7607:
7602:
7597:
7595:
7590:
7585:
7580:
7578:
7573:
7568:
7566:
7561:
7556:
7554:
7549:
7544:
7539:
7534:
7532:
7527:
7525:
7520:
7515:
7510:
7505:
7500:
7495:
7490:
7485:
7479:
7477:
7471:
7470:
7468:
7467:
7462:
7457:
7452:
7447:
7445:
7440:
7435:
7430:
7425:
7423:
7418:
7413:
7411:Deir al-Dubban
7408:
7403:
7398:
7393:
7388:
7386:
7380:
7378:
7372:
7371:
7369:
7368:
7363:
7361:
7356:
7351:
7349:
7344:
7342:
7337:
7335:
7330:
7325:
7320:
7315:
7313:
7308:
7306:
7301:
7299:
7294:
7289:
7284:
7279:
7274:
7269:
7264:
7259:
7254:
7249:
7244:
7242:
7237:
7232:
7230:
7225:
7223:
7218:
7213:
7211:
7206:
7201:
7199:
7194:
7192:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7165:
7160:
7158:
7153:
7151:
7146:
7141:
7139:
7134:
7129:
7127:
7125:Barrat Qisarya
7122:
7120:
7115:
7110:
7105:
7100:
7095:
7093:
7088:
7086:
7084:Arab al-Fuqara
7081:
7076:
7070:
7068:
7062:
7061:
7059:
7058:
7053:
7051:Tall al-Turmus
7048:
7043:
7038:
7033:
7031:
7026:
7021:
7019:
7014:
7009:
7007:
7002:
6997:
6992:
6987:
6982:
6977:
6972:
6967:
6962:
6960:
6955:
6950:
6945:
6940:
6938:
6933:
6928:
6923:
6918:
6913:
6908:
6903:
6898:
6893:
6888:
6883:
6878:
6873:
6868:
6866:
6861:
6856:
6851:
6846:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6832:
6827:
6822:
6816:
6814:
6808:
6807:
6805:
6804:
6799:
6794:
6789:
6783:
6781:
6775:
6774:
6772:
6771:
6766:
6764:
6759:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6745:
6740:
6738:
6733:
6728:
6726:
6721:
6716:
6711:
6709:
6704:
6702:
6697:
6692:
6687:
6685:
6680:
6678:
6676:Kawkab al-Hawa
6673:
6668:
6666:
6661:
6656:
6654:
6649:
6647:
6645:al-Ghazzawiyya
6642:
6637:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6620:
6615:
6610:
6608:
6603:
6601:
6599:Arab al-Bawati
6596:
6594:
6592:Arab al-'Arida
6588:
6586:
6580:
6579:
6563:
6562:
6554:
6553:
6545:
6544:
6536:
6535:
6527:
6526:
6518:
6517:
6509:
6508:
6500:
6499:
6491:
6490:
6482:
6481:
6473:
6472:
6464:
6463:
6455:
6454:
6446:
6445:
6437:
6436:
6428:
6427:
6419:
6418:
6410:
6409:
6401:
6400:
6392:
6391:
6383:
6382:
6374:
6373:
6365:
6364:
6356:
6355:
6347:
6346:
6338:
6337:
6329:
6328:
6320:
6319:
6311:
6310:
6302:
6301:
6293:
6292:
6284:
6283:
6275:
6274:
6266:
6265:
6257:
6256:
6248:
6247:
6239:
6238:
6230:
6229:
6221:
6220:
6212:
6211:
6203:
6202:
6194:
6193:
6185:
6184:
6176:
6175:
6167:
6166:
6158:
6157:
6149:
6148:
6140:
6139:
6131:
6130:
6122:
6121:
6113:
6112:
6104:
6103:
6095:
6094:
6086:
6085:
6077:
6076:
6068:
6067:
6059:
6058:
6050:
6049:
6041:
6040:
6032:
6031:
6023:
6022:
6014:
6013:
6005:
6004:
5996:
5995:
5987:
5986:
5978:
5977:
5969:
5968:
5960:
5959:
5951:
5950:
5942:
5941:
5933:
5932:
5924:
5923:
5915:
5914:
5906:
5905:
5897:
5896:
5888:
5887:
5879:
5878:
5870:
5869:
5861:
5860:
5852:
5851:
5843:
5842:
5834:
5833:
5825:
5824:
5816:
5815:
5807:
5806:
5798:
5797:
5789:
5788:
5780:
5779:
5771:
5770:
5762:
5761:
5753:
5752:
5744:
5743:
5735:
5734:
5726:
5725:
5717:
5716:
5708:
5707:
5699:
5698:
5690:
5689:
5681:
5680:
5672:
5671:
5663:
5662:
5654:
5653:
5645:
5644:
5636:
5635:
5627:
5626:
5618:
5617:
5609:
5608:
5600:
5599:
5591:
5590:
5582:
5581:
5573:
5572:
5564:
5563:
5555:
5554:
5546:
5545:
5537:
5536:
5528:
5527:
5519:
5518:
5510:
5509:
5501:
5500:
5492:
5491:
5483:
5482:
5474:
5473:
5465:
5464:
5456:
5455:
5447:
5446:
5438:
5437:
5429:
5428:
5420:
5419:
5411:
5410:
5402:
5401:
5393:
5392:
5384:
5383:
5375:
5374:
5366:
5365:
5357:
5356:
5348:
5347:
5339:
5338:
5330:
5329:
5321:
5320:
5312:
5311:
5303:
5302:
5294:
5293:
5285:
5284:
5276:
5275:
5267:
5266:
5258:
5257:
5249:
5248:
5240:
5239:
5231:
5230:
5222:
5221:
5213:
5212:
5204:
5203:
5195:
5194:
5186:
5185:
5177:
5176:
5168:
5167:
5159:
5158:
5150:
5149:
5141:
5140:
5132:
5131:
5123:
5122:
5114:
5113:
5105:
5104:
5096:
5095:
5087:
5086:
5078:
5077:
5069:
5068:
5060:
5059:
5051:
5050:
5042:
5041:
5033:
5032:
5024:
5023:
5015:
5014:
5006:
5005:
4997:
4996:
4988:
4987:
4979:
4978:
4970:
4969:
4961:
4960:
4952:
4951:
4943:
4942:
4934:
4933:
4925:
4924:
4916:
4915:
4907:
4906:
4898:
4897:
4889:
4888:
4880:
4879:
4871:
4870:
4862:
4861:
4853:
4852:
4844:
4843:
4835:
4834:
4826:
4825:
4817:
4816:
4808:
4807:
4799:
4798:
4790:
4789:
4781:
4780:
4772:
4771:
4763:
4762:
4754:
4753:
4745:
4744:
4736:
4735:
4727:
4726:
4718:
4717:
4709:
4708:
4700:
4699:
4691:
4690:
4682:
4681:
4673:
4672:
4664:
4663:
4655:
4654:
4646:
4645:
4637:
4636:
4628:
4627:
4619:
4618:
4610:
4609:
4601:
4600:
4592:
4591:
4583:
4582:
4574:
4573:
4565:
4564:
4556:
4555:
4547:
4546:
4538:
4537:
4529:
4528:
4520:
4519:
4511:
4510:
4502:
4501:
4493:
4492:
4484:
4483:
4475:
4474:
4466:
4465:
4457:
4456:
4448:
4447:
4439:
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2339:
2338:External links
2336:
2334:
2333:
2329:Justus Perthes
2315:
2310:978-0313320910
2309:
2303:. p. 64.
2286:
2266:Schumacher, G.
2262:
2248:
2242:
2220:
2212:|journal=
2190:
2184:
2169:
2163:
2141:
2135:
2116:
2098:
2084:Le Strange, G.
2080:
2074:
2048:
2013:
2007:
1990:
1988:(Books I-III).
1982:The Jewish War
1974:
1968:
1953:
1947:
1928:
1902:
1888:
1877:
1866:
1844:
1816:
1810:
1795:
1789:
1769:Benvenisti, M.
1765:
1754:
1731:
1719:Albright, W.F.
1715:
1707:|journal=
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1676:
1650:
1623:
1621:, p. 139.
1611:
1600:(4): 453–495.
1584:
1576:Torstrick 2004
1568:
1559:
1550:
1548:, p. 126.
1538:
1513:
1501:
1486:
1484:, p. 125.
1474:
1472:, p. 124.
1462:
1438:
1436:, p. 132.
1426:
1410:
1397:
1384:
1372:
1356:
1340:
1327:
1308:
1288:
1276:
1260:
1241:
1220:
1204:
1192:The Jewish War
1175:The Jewish War
1165:
1120:
1108:
1097:
1085:
1056:
1040:
1021:
1019:, p. 122.
1002:
971:
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821:member of the
744:United Nations
702:
699:
627:
624:
617:Greek Orthodox
597:Pierre Jacotin
572:
571:Ottoman Empire
569:
502:
499:
497:against Rome.
446:
443:
441:
438:
417:
414:
393:to the north,
377:
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8894:al-'Ubaydiyya
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8808:
8805:
8803:
8800:
8798:
8795:
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8781:
8780:al-Dalhamiyya
8778:
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8756:
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8712:al-'Urayfiyya
8710:
8708:
8706:
8705:al-'Ulmaniyya
8703:
8701:
8699:
8696:
8694:
8691:
8689:
8687:
8684:
8682:
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8677:
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8667:al-Sanbariyya
8665:
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8656:
8653:
8651:
8648:
8646:
8643:
8641:
8638:
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8628:al-Qudayriyya
8626:
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8573:al-Muftakhira
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8454:al-Husayniyya
8452:
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8415:al-Farradiyya
8413:
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8399:
8396:
8394:
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8389:
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8374:al-Buwayziyya
8372:
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8367:
8365:
8362:
8360:
8357:
8355:
8353:
8352:Ayn al-Zaytun
8350:
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8181:al-Nabi Rubin
8179:
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8080:
8078:
8077:al-Duhayriyya
8075:
8073:
8071:
8068:
8066:
8065:Dayr Muhaysin
8063:
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7562:
7560:
7559:al-Mas'udiyya
7557:
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7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7499:
7496:
7494:
7491:
7489:
7486:
7484:
7483:al-'Abbasiyya
7481:
7480:
7478:
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7472:
7466:
7463:
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7458:
7456:
7453:
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7439:
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7426:
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7419:
7417:
7416:Dayr Nakhkhas
7414:
7412:
7409:
7407:
7404:
7402:
7399:
7397:
7394:
7392:
7389:
7387:
7385:
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7373:
7367:
7364:
7362:
7360:
7357:
7355:
7352:
7350:
7348:
7345:
7343:
7341:
7340:Umm ash Shauf
7338:
7336:
7334:
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7329:
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7324:
7321:
7319:
7316:
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7312:
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6931:Iraq Suwaydan
6929:
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6831:
6828:
6826:
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6817:
6815:
6813:
6809:
6803:
6802:Auja al-Hafir
6800:
6798:
6795:
6793:
6790:
6788:
6785:
6784:
6782:
6780:
6776:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6763:
6760:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6746:
6744:
6741:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6725:
6724:Tall al-Shawk
6722:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6710:
6708:
6705:
6703:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6690:Masil al-Jizl
6688:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6677:
6674:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6621:
6619:
6616:
6614:
6613:al-Ashrafiyya
6611:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6589:
6587:
6585:
6581:
6567:
6558:
6549:
6540:
6531:
6522:
6513:
6504:
6495:
6486:
6477:
6468:
6459:
6450:
6441:
6432:
6423:
6414:
6405:
6396:
6387:
6378:
6369:
6360:
6351:
6342:
6333:
6324:
6315:
6306:
6297:
6288:
6279:
6270:
6261:
6252:
6243:
6234:
6225:
6216:
6207:
6198:
6189:
6180:
6171:
6162:
6153:
6144:
6135:
6126:
6117:
6108:
6099:
6090:
6081:
6072:
6063:
6054:
6045:
6036:
6027:
6018:
6009:
6000:
5991:
5982:
5973:
5964:
5955:
5946:
5937:
5928:
5919:
5910:
5901:
5892:
5883:
5874:
5865:
5856:
5847:
5838:
5829:
5820:
5811:
5802:
5793:
5784:
5775:
5766:
5757:
5748:
5739:
5730:
5721:
5712:
5703:
5694:
5685:
5676:
5667:
5658:
5649:
5640:
5631:
5622:
5613:
5604:
5595:
5586:
5577:
5568:
5559:
5550:
5541:
5532:
5523:
5514:
5505:
5496:
5487:
5478:
5469:
5460:
5451:
5442:
5433:
5424:
5415:
5406:
5397:
5388:
5379:
5370:
5361:
5352:
5343:
5334:
5325:
5316:
5307:
5298:
5289:
5280:
5271:
5262:
5253:
5244:
5235:
5226:
5217:
5208:
5199:
5190:
5181:
5172:
5163:
5154:
5145:
5136:
5127:
5118:
5109:
5100:
5091:
5082:
5073:
5064:
5055:
5046:
5037:
5028:
5019:
5010:
5001:
4992:
4983:
4974:
4965:
4956:
4947:
4938:
4929:
4920:
4911:
4902:
4893:
4884:
4875:
4866:
4857:
4848:
4839:
4830:
4821:
4812:
4803:
4794:
4785:
4776:
4767:
4758:
4749:
4740:
4731:
4722:
4713:
4704:
4695:
4686:
4677:
4668:
4659:
4650:
4641:
4632:
4623:
4614:
4605:
4596:
4587:
4578:
4569:
4560:
4551:
4542:
4533:
4524:
4515:
4506:
4497:
4488:
4479:
4470:
4461:
4452:
4443:
4434:
4425:
4416:
4407:
4398:
4389:
4380:
4371:
4362:
4353:
4344:
4335:
4326:
4317:
4308:
4299:
4290:
4281:
4272:
4263:
4254:
4245:
4236:
4227:
4218:
4209:
4200:
4191:
4182:
4173:
4164:
4155:
4146:
4137:
4128:
4119:
4110:
4101:
4092:
4083:
4074:
4065:
4056:
4047:
4038:
4029:
4020:
4011:
4002:
3993:
3984:
3975:
3966:
3957:
3948:
3939:
3930:
3921:
3912:
3903:
3894:
3885:
3876:
3867:
3858:
3849:
3840:
3831:
3822:
3813:
3804:
3795:
3786:
3777:
3768:
3759:
3750:
3741:
3732:
3723:
3714:
3705:
3696:
3687:
3678:
3669:
3660:
3651:
3642:
3633:
3624:
3615:
3606:
3597:
3588:
3579:
3570:
3561:
3552:
3543:
3534:
3525:
3516:
3507:
3498:
3489:
3480:
3471:
3462:
3453:
3444:
3435:
3426:
3417:
3408:
3399:
3390:
3381:
3372:
3363:
3354:
3345:
3336:
3327:
3318:
3309:
3300:
3291:
3282:
3273:
3264:
3255:
3246:
3237:
3228:
3219:
3210:
3201:
3192:
3183:
3174:
3165:
3156:
3147:
3138:
3129:
3120:
3111:
3102:
3093:
3084:
3075:
3066:
3057:
3048:
3039:
3030:
3021:
3012:
3003:
2994:
2985:
2976:
2967:
2958:
2949:
2940:
2931:
2922:
2913:
2904:
2895:
2886:
2877:
2868:
2859:
2850:
2841:
2832:
2823:
2814:
2805:
2796:
2787:
2778:
2769:
2760:
2751:
2742:
2733:
2724:
2715:
2706:
2697:
2688:
2679:
2670:
2661:
2652:
2643:
2634:
2625:
2616:
2607:
2598:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2548:al-Sumayriyya
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2528:al-Nabi Rubin
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2478:al-Ghabisiyya
2476:
2474:
2473:Dayr al-Qassi
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2422:
2417:
2415:
2410:
2408:
2403:
2402:
2399:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2354:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2330:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2293:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2258:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2243:9780837002514
2239:
2235:
2231:
2230:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2204:
2196:
2191:
2187:
2185:9780887281280
2181:
2177:
2176:
2170:
2166:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2123:
2117:
2111:
2106:
2105:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2090:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2049:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2019:
2014:
2010:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1965:
1961:
1960:
1954:
1950:
1948:9781317871521
1944:
1940:
1936:
1935:
1929:
1917:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1884:
1878:
1874:
1873:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1835:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1811:1-84277-622-3
1807:
1803:
1802:
1796:
1792:
1786:
1782:
1777:
1776:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1761:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1738:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1699:
1691:
1686:
1685:
1665:
1661:
1654:
1646:
1642:
1639:(4): 82–104.
1638:
1634:
1627:
1620:
1615:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1588:
1581:
1577:
1572:
1563:
1554:
1547:
1542:
1534:
1527:
1520:
1518:
1508:
1506:
1498:
1493:
1491:
1483:
1478:
1471:
1466:
1455:
1448:
1442:
1435:
1430:
1423:
1419:
1414:
1407:
1401:
1394:
1388:
1382:
1376:
1369:
1365:
1360:
1353:
1349:
1348:Robinson 1856
1344:
1337:
1331:
1324:
1320:
1315:
1313:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1292:
1283:
1281:
1273:
1269:
1264:
1256:
1252:
1245:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1224:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1187:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1169:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1124:
1118:
1112:
1106:
1101:
1095:
1092:Porat, 2010,
1089:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1026:
1018:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1007:
999:
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
984:
982:
980:
978:
976:
969:
968:Ahihud (East)
963:
956:
950:
944:, p. 10.
943:
938:
936:
934:
932:
930:
922:
916:
910:
904:
902:
897:
884:
878:
874:
859:
856:
855:
849:
847:
843:
838:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
811:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
780:Walid Khalidi
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
756:
754:
749:
745:
741:
740:
734:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
698:
695:
691:
686:
684:
680:
676:
671:
668:
664:
660:
655:
653:
649:
645:
641:
632:
623:
620:
618:
614:
613:Victor Guérin
610:
606:
600:
598:
594:
590:
589:tax registers
586:
582:
578:
568:
566:
563:under Sultan
562:
558:
557:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
515:Nasir Khusraw
512:
508:
498:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
437:
433:
431:
427:
423:
413:
411:
407:
402:
400:
399:Majd al-Kurum
396:
392:
388:
384:
373:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
342:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
323:Nasir Khusraw
320:
316:
315:Byzantine era
312:
307:
305:
301:
297:
293:
290:
286:
278:
274:
266:
262:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
230:
226:
222:
218:
213:
209:
205:
202:
199:
197:
193:
190:
187:
185:
181:
177:
175:
171:
166:
138:Coordinates:
136:
129:
108:
99:
87:
77:
67:
57:
50:
43:
38:
25:
19:
9013:Wadi Qabbani
8972:al-Manshiyya
8870:al-Samakiyya
8846:Nasir al-Din
8836:al-Manshiyya
8724:Yarda, Safad
8655:al-Salihiyya
8544:al-Manshiyya
8322:al-'Abisiyya
8315:Abil al-Qamh
8169:al-Muzayri'a
8164:al-Mukhayzin
8128:al-Kunayyisa
7742:Dayr al-Hawa
7700:Bayt Naqquba
7640:Ayn al-Mansi
7583:al-Safiriyya
7552:al-Khayriyya
7455:az-Zakariyya
7443:Tell es-Safi
7347:Umm az-Zinat
7323:al-Sindiyana
7282:al-Rihaniyya
7000:al-Muharraqa
6943:al-Jaladiyya
6714:al-Samiriyya
6683:al-Khunayzir
6652:al-Hamidiyya
6606:Arab al-Safa
2568:Umm al-Faraj
2513:al-Manshiyya
2462:
2323:
2291:
2277:
2273:
2256:
2252:Röhricht, R.
2228:
2224:Robinson, E.
2203:cite journal
2174:
2149:
2121:
2103:
2088:
2056:
2040:. Retrieved
2033:the original
2028:
2024:
1994:
1981:
1958:
1933:
1920:. Retrieved
1916:the original
1910:
1896:
1882:
1871:
1856:
1848:Conder, C.R.
1824:
1800:
1774:
1759:
1741:
1735:
1726:
1722:
1698:cite journal
1667:. Retrieved
1663:
1653:
1636:
1632:
1626:
1614:
1597:
1593:
1587:
1571:
1562:
1553:
1541:
1532:
1477:
1465:
1454:the original
1441:
1429:
1413:
1400:
1387:
1375:
1359:
1343:
1330:
1291:
1263:
1254:
1250:
1244:
1223:
1207:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1185:
1173:
1168:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1136:
1123:
1111:
1100:
1088:
1043:
1000:, p. 9.
998:Khalidi 1992
962:
949:
942:Khalidi 1992
915:
877:
839:
815:Tawfik Toubi
812:
757:
737:
735:
704:
687:
672:
656:
637:
621:
601:
585:Safad Sanjak
574:
554:
513:geographer,
504:
482:
466:
454:
450:
448:
434:
419:
403:
379:
343:
330:
308:
284:
272:
271:
223:13,542
18:
9020:al-Zabadida
8717:al-Wayziyya
8532:Al-Malkiyya
8474:Kafr Bir'im
8425:Ghabbatiyya
8280:Wadi Hunayn
8150:Majdal Yaba
8006:Bayt Shanna
7999:Bayt Nabala
7977:al-Barriyya
7948:Abu al-Fadl
7915:al-Mujaydil
7866:Sheikh Badr
7759:Deir Yassin
7695:Bayt Mahsir
7600:al-Sawalima
7571:al-Muwaylih
7503:Biyar 'Adas
7406:al-Dawayima
7401:Bayt Nattif
7396:Bayt Jibrin
7292:al-Sarafand
7257:Naghnaghiya
7144:al-Butaymat
6881:Dayr Sunayd
6820:Arab Suqrir
6695:al-Murassas
2432:subdistrict
2052:Khalidi, W.
1366:, pp.
1364:Guérin 1880
1239:, No. 1210.
1137:Mo'ed Ḳaṭan
1048:Hadawi 1970
1032:Hadawi 1970
652:1931 census
640:World War I
543:John Aleman
533:there. The
501:Middle Ages
416:Archaeology
321:geographer
289:Palestinian
196:Subdistrict
160: /
80:modern map
9040:Categories
8999:Umm Khalid
8989:Raml Zayta
8899:Wadi Hamam
8887:al-Tabigha
8882:al-Shajara
8841:al-Mansura
8662:al-Sammu'i
8549:al-Mansura
8479:al-Khalisa
8469:Jubb Yusuf
8403:al-Dirdara
8386:al-Dawwara
8369:al-Butayha
8273:Umm Kalkha
8205:al-Qubayba
8157:al-Mansura
8082:al-Haditha
8070:Dayr Tarif
8058:Dayr Ayyub
8039:al-Buwayra
8011:Bayt Susin
7953:Abu Shusha
7930:Saffuriyya
7749:Dayr Rafat
7690:Bayt 'Itab
7498:Bayt Dajan
7433:al-Qubayba
7328:al-Tantura
7311:al-Sawamir
7247:al-Mansura
7216:al-Kasayir
7204:al-Kafrayn
7108:Ayn Ghazal
7079:Abu Zurayq
7074:Abu Shusha
6859:Bayt Jirja
6854:Bayt Daras
6849:Bayt 'Affa
6797:al-Khalasa
6792:al-Jammama
6750:Umm Sabuna
6707:al-Sakhina
2518:al-Mansura
2503:Kafr 'Inan
2145:Morris, B.
1922:6 December
1906:Hadawi, S.
1892:Guérin, V.
1669:5 December
1578:, p.
1546:Meari 2010
1497:Meari 2010
1482:Meari 2010
1470:Meari 2010
1434:Meari 2010
1420:, p.
1418:Mills 1932
1350:, p.
1321:, p.
1270:, p.
1257:: 197–217.
1214:, p.
1172:Josephus,
1139:2:16) and
1079:, p.
1050:, p.
1034:, p.
1017:Meari 2010
864:References
796:Kafr Yasif
679:Christians
455:Tel Berweh
453:(variant:
232:Population
148:35°10′49″E
145:32°54′19″N
60:1870s map
8965:al-Majdal
8958:Kafr Saba
8953:al-Jalama
8858:al-Nuqayb
8831:al-Manara
8824:al-Majdal
8807:Kafr Sabt
8597:al-Na'ima
8587:al-Muntar
8498:al-Khisas
8464:al-Ja'una
8439:al-Hamra'
8292:Zakariyya
8176:al-Na'ani
8145:al-Maghar
8133:al-Latrun
8116:al-Khayma
8025:Bir Salim
8018:Bir Ma'in
7970:Barfiliya
7897:al-Walaja
7885:al-Tannur
7839:al-Qastal
7817:al-Maliha
7781:Ism Allah
7764:Ayn Karim
7735:Dayr 'Amr
7728:Dayr Aban
7721:al-Burayj
7707:Bayt Thul
7665:Jerusalem
7547:Kafr 'Ana
7493:Abu Kishk
7488:Abu Kabir
7428:Mughallis
7297:al-Sarkas
7235:al-Manara
7221:Khubbayza
7190:al-Jalama
6985:al-Khisas
6970:Karatiyya
6891:al-Faluja
6864:Bayt Tima
6779:Beersheba
6769:al-Zawiya
6743:Umm 'Ajra
2538:al-Ruways
2327:. Gotha:
1834:cite book
1268:Holt 1986
1145:Baba Kama
893:Citations
842:Nakba Day
813:In 1950,
581:Palestine
539:Palestine
535:Crusaders
463:Kitchener
451:Tel Birwa
445:Antiquity
426:Byzantine
376:Geography
350:Palestine
327:Crusaders
311:Roman era
285:al-Birweh
70:1940s map
34:Al-Birweh
8941:Fardisya
8929:Bayt Lid
8877:al-Samra
8797:al-Hamma
8765:Tiberias
8686:al-Shuna
8621:Qaytiyya
8359:Baysamun
8198:al-Qubab
8109:Kharruba
7994:Bayt Jiz
7989:Bayt Far
7982:Bashshit
7907:Nazareth
7892:al-'Umur
7633:al-Mazar
7628:al-Jawfa
7513:al-Haram
7450:Umm Burj
7391:Barqusya
7359:Wadi Ara
7318:al-Shuna
7287:Sabbarin
7252:al-Mazar
7240:al-Mansi
7209:Kafr Lam
7156:al-Dumun
7113:Ayn Hawd
6975:Kawfakha
6948:al-Jiyya
6916:Hulayqat
6787:al-Imara
6659:al-Hamra
6640:al-Fatur
2563:Tarbikha
2508:Kuwaykat
2498:al-Kabri
2468:al-Damun
2463:al-Birwa
2458:al-Bassa
2349:al-Birwa
2321:(1858).
2297:ABC-CLIO
2268:(1888).
2254:(1893).
2226:(1856).
2195:"Ahihud"
2147:(2004).
2086:(1890).
2054:(1992).
2042:18 April
1980:(1961).
1978:Josephus
1908:(1970).
1894:(1880).
1854:(1881).
1822:(1888).
1771:(2000).
1750:27925726
1300:Archived
852:See also
748:Nazareth
667:Tiberias
663:Nazareth
491:Josephus
410:hectares
387:al-Damun
348:rule in
339:Ottomans
287:) was a
273:Al-Birwa
120:Al-Birwa
28:Al-Birwa
8919:Tulkarm
8819:Ma'dhar
8792:Hadatha
8693:Taytaba
8640:Sabalan
8614:Qaddita
8604:Qabba'a
8537:Mallaha
8527:Madahil
8522:Lazzaza
8493:Karraza
8444:Harrawi
8432:Ghuraba
8391:Dayshum
8379:Dallata
8364:Biriyya
8327:'Akbara
8297:Zarnuqa
8266:al-Tira
8261:al-Tina
8087:Idnibba
8046:Daniyal
8032:al-Burj
7960:Ajanjul
7925:Ma'alul
7834:Qalunya
7829:al-Qabu
7807:al-Lawz
7793:al-Jura
7576:Rantiya
7564:al-Mirr
7542:Jarisha
7333:al-Tira
7277:Qumbaza
7272:Qisarya
7137:al-Burj
7132:Burayka
7017:Qastina
7012:Ni'ilya
6980:Kawkaba
6958:al-Jura
6906:Hiribya
6825:Barbara
6736:al-Tira
6731:al-Taqa
6633:Farwana
6618:al-Bira
2573:az-Zeeb
2558:al-Tall
2543:Suhmata
2533:al-Nahr
2488:Iribbin
2391:Lebanon
2353:Zochrot
1729:: 1–46.
1681:Sources
1368:432–433
1200:Zabulon
1157:Biriyya
1133:Tosefta
823:Knesset
792:Jadeidi
768:kibbutz
726:Haganah
706:Israeli
683:Haganah
673:In the
577:Ottoman
561:Mamluks
511:Persian
507:Fatimid
483:Pesahim
440:History
430:Umayyad
408:(13.42
344:During
331:"Broet"
319:Persian
178:167/257
9025:Zalafa
8994:Tabsur
8863:Samakh
8851:Nimrin
8802:Hittin
8741:Zawiya
8698:Tulayl
8672:Sa'sa'
8650:Saliha
8645:Safsaf
8566:Meiron
8459:Jahula
8420:Fir'im
8337:Ammuqa
8254:Shilta
8247:Shahma
8242:Saydun
8225:Salbit
8191:Qazaza
8121:Khulda
8094:Innaba
7786:Jarash
7655:Zir'in
7645:Lajjun
7593:Saqiya
7588:Salama
7465:Zikrin
7384:'Ajjur
7376:Hebron
7304:Sa'sa'
7262:Qannir
7197:Kabara
7175:Hawsha
7103:'Atlit
7046:Summil
7041:Simsim
6965:Jusayr
6896:Hamama
6876:Burayr
6871:Bil'in
6664:Jabbul
6623:Beisan
6584:Beisan
2493:Jiddin
2307:
2240:
2182:
2161:
2133:
2072:
2005:
1966:
1945:
1808:
1787:
1748:
1180:2.18.9
1149:Eruvin
1094:Ahihud
835:Kaukji
804:Beirut
776:Ahihud
772:moshav
764:Yas'ur
701:Israel
527:Simeon
471:Hebrew
459:Conder
406:dunams
395:Sha'ab
370:Ahihud
366:Yas'ur
335:Mamluk
300:dunams
281:البروة
277:Arabic
265:Yas'ur
261:Ahihud
252:forces
250:Yishuv
225:dunams
31:البروة
8982:Qaqun
8977:Miska
8909:Yaquq
8812:Lubya
8773:Awlam
8609:Qadas
8561:Marus
8449:Hunin
8307:Safad
8285:Yibna
8220:Sajad
8215:Ramla
8186:Qatra
8138:Lydda
8104:Jimzu
8099:Jilya
7940:Ramle
7920:Indur
7878:Sufla
7861:Sataf
7856:Saris
7851:Sar'a
7824:Nitaf
7812:Lifta
7800:Kasla
7774:Islin
7769:Ishwa
7685:Artuf
7680:Aqqur
7673:Allar
7650:Nuris
7620:Jenin
7610:Yazur
7508:Fajja
7475:Jaffa
7460:Zayta
7438:Ra'na
7421:Kudna
7366:Yajur
7185:Jaba'
7180:Ijzim
7066:Haifa
7056:Yasur
6953:Julis
6936:Isdud
6921:Ibdis
6901:Hatta
6886:Dimra
6830:Barqa
6762:Zab'a
6755:Yubla
6719:Sirin
6700:Qumya
6671:Kafra
6628:Danna
2553:Suruh
2523:Mi'ar
2483:Iqrit
2284:–191.
2036:(PDF)
2021:(PDF)
1746:JSTOR
1533:Badil
1529:(PDF)
1457:(PDF)
1450:(PDF)
1336:p.223
1196:Cabul
1161:Safed
1147:80a;
869:Notes
817:, an
788:Kabul
784:Tamra
694:Haifa
556:hudna
523:Damun
487:Kabul
391:Julis
383:Haifa
358:Haifa
240:1,460
8410:Fara
8332:Alma
8210:Qula
7965:Aqir
7871:Suba
7267:Qira
7005:Najd
6812:Gaza
2448:Amqa
2440:Acre
2305:ISBN
2238:ISBN
2216:help
2180:ISBN
2159:ISBN
2131:ISBN
2070:ISBN
2044:2015
2003:ISBN
1964:ISBN
1943:ISBN
1924:2008
1840:link
1806:ISBN
1785:ISBN
1711:help
1671:2023
1153:Beri
921:xvii
819:Arab
766:, a
531:Esau
529:and
521:and
519:Acre
475:בירי
467:Beri
461:and
428:and
368:and
296:Acre
292:Arab
215:Area
201:Acre
7228:Lid
6911:Huj
2430:by
2383:BBC
2359:IAA
2351:,
2282:169
2110:PDF
1727:2–3
1641:doi
1602:doi
1422:100
1381:176
1352:630
1323:270
1297:162
1272:103
1237:319
1233:309
1229:184
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1129:270
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