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spelled out at its inception, leaving no current consensus over what role Fund earning should play in the current and expected state budget shortfalls. However, some people argue that the original intent was to fund state government after the temporary oil riches ceased, while others note that the Fund's intent changed from its 1976 origin when in 1982 the
Dividend program began. Public opinion strongly favors the Dividend program. Indeed, in 1999, with oil prices going as low as $ 9 per barrel and Alaska's oil consultant Daniel Yergin forecasting low prices "for the foreseeable future", the State put an advisory vote before Alaskans, asking if government could spend "some" part of Permanent Fund earning for government purposes. Gov. Knowles, Lt. Gov. Ulmer, and many other elected officials urged a "yes" vote. Campaign spending greatly favored the "yes" side. Despite this, the public voted "no" by nearly 84%. (Oil prices rose dramatically, starting about two weeks after Yergin's prediction, to above $ 60 per barrel, though the quantity produced continues to fall.) Perceived support of the dividend program is so universally strong that it ensures the dividend's continuity and the protection of the Fund's principal, since any measure characterized as negatively impacting dividend payouts represents a loss to the entire populace. That is, legislators willing to appropriate the Fund's annual earnings are constrained by the high political costs of any measures leading to a decrease in the public's dividend.
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the legislature have passed a bill that provides for an annual draw of 5.25% of the average balance of the
Permanent Fund (average of the first 5 of the last six years). Since the formula is based on an average, rather than a single year, the effective draw is only about 4.2%âenough to preserve the real value of the fund considering that the fund has returned close to 9% annually. The legislature carefully vetted this percentage over the course of two sessions and has come to a consensus. This draw is projected to produce $ 2.7 billion in FY2019 and grow with the balance of the Permanent Fund. The major point of disagreement, however, is the size of the dividend: The House of Representatives version of the bill uses 5.25% draw for government (33% for Dividends and 67% for government services) and an additional 0.25% draw for Permanent Fund inflation proofing. This produces $ 2.7 billion ($ 1.8 billion for government use, net of a $ 900.9 million dividendâabout $ 1,250.00 per Alaskanâgrowing with the value of the fund). The Senate version of the bill uses the same 5.25% draw as the House, but directs only 25% of the draw to dividends. This produces the same $ 2.7 billion but government services receive $ 2.0 billion while the dividend receives just under $ 700 millionâabout $ 1,000.00 per personâgrowing with the value of the fund.
93:. It was designed to be an investment where at least 25% of the oil money would be put into a dedicated fund for future generations, who would no longer have oil as a resource. This does not mean the fund is solely funded by oil revenue. The Fund includes neither property taxes on oil company property nor income tax from oil corporations, so the minimum 25% deposit is closer to 11% if those sources were also considered. The Alaska Permanent Fund sets aside a certain share of oil revenues to continue benefiting current and all future generations of Alaskans. Many citizens also believed that the legislature too quickly and too inefficiently spent the $ 900 million bonus the state got in 1969 after leasing out the oil fields. This belief spurred a desire to put some oil revenues out of direct political control.
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1005:(PoMV) approach which would require an amendment to the state constitution. The PoMV proposal would limit withdrawals to five percent of the fund's value each year, to be spent at the discretion of the Legislature. Currently the Legislature has authority to appropriate all of the fund's realized earnings. Tentative, unapproved proposals indicate that half of this five percent withdrawal would go to the dividend and half to government spendingâbut POMV died in the Legislature because most there saw POMV as unambiguously tied to such politically unpopular spending proposals. Most Alaskans (84% in 1999) disapprove of allowing the
956:(CBR) is a companion fund to the Permanent Fund which was established in 1991 to ease problems from the variability of oil revenue, which vary depending upon the price of oil in the market. Deposits into the CBR consist of settlements of back taxes and other revenues owed to the state. Draws from the CBR into the general fund require a 3/4 vote of each house of the legislature and must be repaid. To date, the general fund has amassed a debt of approximately $ 4 billion to the CBR to maintain a stable level of public spending.
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97:
projects. The Fund grew from an initial investment of $ 734,000 in 1977 to approximately $ 53.7 billion as of July 9, 2015. Some growth was due to good management, some to inflationary re-investment, and some via legislative decisions to deposit extra income during boom years. Each year, the fund's realized earnings are split between
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The annual check this year will be delivered to 631,000 Alaskans, most of the state population, and come largely from earnings of the state's $ 64 billion fund that for decades has been seeded with income from oil-production revenue. ... This year's dividend amount, similar to last year's, is in line
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Again in 2015â2017, a POMV approach was considered. The market price for North Slope oil fell from an average $ 107.57 per barrel in FY2014 to $ 50.05 per barrel in FY2017. This price shift caused an 80 percent decline in state revenue and resulted in a multibillion-dollar budget gap. Both bodies of
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The
Permanent Fund Dividend (PFD) is a dividend paid to Alaska residents that have lived within the state for a full calendar year (January 1 â December 31), and intend to remain an Alaska resident indefinitely. This means if residency is taken on January 2, the "calendar year" would not start until
1029:
A 2019 study found "a 14% increase in substance-abuse incidents the day after the payment and a 10% increase over the following four weeks. This is partially offset by a 8% decrease in property crime, with no changes in violent crimes. On an annual basis, however, changes in criminal activity from
1016:
Oil revenues are forecast (by the state
Department of Revenue) to remain stagnant through FY2027, and traditional budget reserves may be empty by FY2019 but with a Permanent Fund value in excess of $ 60.0 billion, the budget gap can be reduced significantly. Since this POMV proposal does not close
959:
The size of the debt owed to the CBR has raised doubts over repayment. The CBR is based on the assumption that the general fund deficit will remain constant over time (allowing paybacks to balance draws). Believing this to be mistaken, critics allege the state uses resources from the CBR to avoid
60:
As of 2019, the fund was worth approximately $ 64 billion that has been funded by oil and mining revenues and has paid out an average of approximately $ 1,600 annually per resident (adjusted to 2019 dollars). The main use for the fund's revenue has been to pay out the
Permanent Fund Dividend (PFD),
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The PFD is a Basic Income in the form of a resource dividend. Some researchers argue, "It has helped Alaska attain the highest economic equality of any state in the United States... And, seemingly unnoticed, it has provided unconditional cash assistance to needy
Alaskans at a time when most states
992:
While the
Permanent Fund generally generated large surpluses even after payment of the Dividend , the state general fund operated at a substantial deficit. However, the consolidated account of both General and Permanent Funds usually shows a surplus. The Funds' ultimate uses were never clearly
96:
The Alaska
Permanent Fund Corporation manages the assets of both the Permanent Fund and other state investments, but spending Fund income is up to the Legislature. The corporation is to manage for maximum prudent return, and notâas some Alaskans at first wantedâas a development bank for in-state
979:(presents for everyone, both majority and minority) in exchange for their votes (which minority votes would not be needed with the usual 51% voting rule). Donley thus explains why both parties can and do use the higher voting rule requirement to more frequently spend from the CBR.
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A 2018 paper found that the Alaska
Permanent Fund "dividend had no effect on employment, and increased part-time work by 1.8 percentage points (17 percent)... our results suggest that a universal and permanent cash transfer does not significantly decrease aggregate employment."
971:. The high vote requirement was meant to ensure that draws from the CBR would be rare, but in fact such draws are common. Donley explained that the high vote requirement really empowers the minority party (in the 2000â2007 era, the
1228:
with the average annual payment since they began at $ 1,000 in 1982 when inflation is taken into account, said
Mouhcine Guettabi, an economist with the University of Alaska Anchorage Institute of Social and Economic Research.
267: (1982) disapproved the $ 50 per year formula as an invidious distinction burdening interstate travel. As a result, each qualified resident now receives the same annual amount, regardless of age or years of residency.
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The amount of each payment is based upon a five-year average of the Permanent Fund's performance and varies widely depending on the stock market and many other factors. The PFD is calculated by the following steps:
960:
reducing the budget, acknowledging debt, or increasing taxes. According to them, falling oil revenues and growing spending requirements will leave paybacks consistently lower than draws, causing the CBR to fail.
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found that the Alaska Permanent Fund "reduced the number of Alaskans with incomes below the US poverty threshold by 20%â40%" and "reduced poverty rates of rural Indigenous Alaskans from 28% to less than 22%".
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The Alaska Permanent Fund Corporation is a government instrumentality of the State of Alaska created to manage and invest the assets of the Alaska Permanent Fund and other funds designated by law.
1776:
57:. From February 1976 until April 1980, the Department of Revenue Treasury Division managed the state's Permanent Fund assets, until, in 1980, the Alaska State Legislature created the APFC.
1030:
the payment are small. Estimated costs comprise a very small portion of the total payment, suggesting that crime-related concerns of a universal cash transfer program may be unwarranted."
270:
Payments from the fund are subject to federal income tax. Alaska has no state income tax, but part-year residents who leave the state may be taxed on them by their new state of residence.
249:
Although the principal or corpus of the fund is constitutionally protected, income earned by the fund, like nearly all state income, is constitutionally defined as general fund money.
1932:"Resolution of the Board of Trustees of the Alaska Permanent Fund Corporation relating to a Constitutional Amendment to Inflation-Proof the Alaska Permanent Fund - Resolution 00-13"
246:
signed Senate Bill 4002 that used revenues generated from the state's natural resources and provided a one-time special payment of $ 1,200 to every Alaskan eligible for the PFD.
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The first dividend plan would have paid Alaskans $ 50 for each year of residency up to 20 years, but the U.S. Supreme Court in
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Corri Feige, appointed 2018 by Gov. Dunleavy - She holds the seat designated for the Commissioner of Natural Resources
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on best practice in managing sovereign wealth funds. The Fund's current chief investment officer is Marcus Frampton.
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The lowest individual dividend payout was $ 331.29 in 1984 and the highest was $ 3,284 in 2022. In 2008, Governor
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967:(R-Anchorage) recognized that the high vote requirement to spend CBR money (Ÿ of each house) had a perverse and
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Lucinda Mahoney, appointed 2019 by Gov. Dunleavy - She holds the seat designated for the Commissioner of Revenue
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2015:
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2123:"The Labor Market Impacts of Universal and Permanent Cash Transfers: Evidence from the Alaska Permanent Fund"
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2204:"A rising tide that lifts all boats: Longâterm effects of the Alaska Permanent Fund Dividend on poverty"
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1777:"Alaska House votes to more than double PFDs, splintering majority and threatening budget progress"
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In 2000, the APFC Board of Trustees proposed changing the Permanent Fund's management system to a
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Dividend was estimated to be over $ 2,300 (2,858.92) however it was reduced by legislative action
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1376:"APFC Promotes Marcus Frampton to Chief Investment Officer - Alaska Permanent Fund Corporation"
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Dividend was estimated to be $ 2,700 (3,276.07) however it was reduced by legislative action
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2021:. Office of Governor Bill Walker - Office of Management and Budget. December 15, 2016.
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to tamper with the fund, especially if that means government might spend Fund income.
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164:(1) the individual was absent from Alaska for more than 180 days, unless it was on an
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Add fund statutory net income from the current plus the previous four fiscal years.
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the gap entirely, members of the legislature are considering a tax bill as well.
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in 1976 by Article 9, Section 15 of the Alaska State Constitution under Governor
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1677:"Permanent Fund Dividend - Summary of Dividend Applications & Payments"
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However, an individual is not eligible for a PFD for a dividend year if:
54:
50:
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101:-proofing, operating expenses, and the annual Permanent Fund Dividend.
1401:. Alaska Permanent Fund Corporation. February 25, 2011. Archived from
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98:
74:
2153:
Watson, Brett; Guettabi, Mouhcine; Reimer, Matthew (April 5, 2019).
1725:"Gov. Walker's veto cuts Alaska Permanent Fund dividends to $ 1,022"
891:
235:
Subtract prior year obligations, expenses and PFD program operations
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186:(3) during all or part of the qualifying year, the individual was
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This is the fund's history of annual individual payouts, in USD.
2504:
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1353:
851:$ 662 energy relief portion of dividend was deemed non-taxable
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46:
1829:"Department of Revenue Announces 2020 Permanent Fund Dividend"
2863:
Inventing the Future: Postcapitalism and a World Without Work
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1073:
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Dividend was estimated to be $ 2,052 (2,605.12) but Governor
16:
Permanent fund of oil revenues managed by the State of Alaska
2278:
Sovereign Wealth Fund Institute - Alaska Permanent Fund Page
135:
Steve Rieger, Vice-Chair, reappointed 2020 by Gov. Dunleavy
2272:
996:
132:
William G. Moran, Chair, reappointed 2018 by Gov. Walker
1881:"This year's Alaska Permanent Fund dividend is $ 1,312"
1573:"2022 Permanent Fund Dividend Hits a Record $ 3,284.00"
1428:"Alaska Permanent Fund Corporation - Board of Trustees"
2273:
Alaska Department of Revenue â Permanent Fund Dividend
1210:"This year's Alaska Permanent Fund dividend: $ 1,606"
2152:
2078:
1907:"Alaska Permanent Fund Dividend for 2024 is $ 1,702"
1183:"About the Alaska Permanent Fund Corporation (APFC)"
1106:"About the Alaska Permanent Fund Corporation (APFC)"
661:
Dividend came with a $ 1,200 Alaska Resource Rebate
274:
have scaled back aid and increased conditionality."
115:
61:
which many authors portray as the only example of a
1855:"Alaska Is Reaping The Benefits Of High Oil Prices"
1545:. Alaska Permanent Fund Corporation. Archived from
1322:. Alaska Permanent Fund Corporation. Archived from
1185:. Alaska Permanent Fund Corporation. Archived from
1134:. Alaska Permanent Fund Corporation. Archived from
1108:. Alaska Permanent Fund Corporation. Archived from
289:History of annual individual payouts, 1983-2023 in
171:(2) during the qualifying year, the individual was
210:(ii) two or more prior misdemeanors as defined in
2312:
2053:. Alaska Department of Revenue. October 25, 2017.
1802:"2019 PFD amount officially announced at $ 1,606"
982:
302:
190:as a result of the conviction in this state of a
147:Craig Richards, reappointed 2021 by Gov. Dunleavy
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2121:Jones, Damon; Marinescu, Ioana (February 2018).
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1348:International Forum of Sovereign Wealth Funds.
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306:Inflation-adjusted dividend amount (2023 USD)
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1991:"Alaska Department of Revenue - Tax Division"
1965:"Alaska Department of Revenue - Tax Division"
144:Ethan Schutt, appointed 2020 by Gov. Dunleavy
128:The Board of Trustees are governor-appointed
106:International Forum of Sovereign Wealth Funds
2907:Universal basic income in the United States
920:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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238:Divide by the number of eligible applicants
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2079:"Home - Alaska Permanent Fund Corporation"
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2937:Public pension funds in the United States
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2065:"HCS SB 26 / HB 115 / HB 111 Fiscal Plan"
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940:Learn how and when to remove this message
2051:"Preliminary Fall 2017 Revenue Forecast"
1826:
1749:Hughes, Zachariah (September 16, 2017).
1395:Alaska Permanent Fund Corporation Bylaws
1341:
1207:
975:), who can then get what they want in a
284:
200:if the individual has been convicted of
2922:Government agencies established in 1976
2369:Right to an adequate standard of living
2067:. House Finance Committee. May 1, 2017.
1317:"Alaska Permanent Fund - Balance Sheet"
997:Percent of Market Value (POMV) proposal
85:, the Permanent Fund was created by an
2894:
2201:
2159:The Review of Economics and Statistics
1853:Paraskova, Tsvetana (March 28, 2022).
1748:
1723:Herz, Nathaniel (September 23, 2016).
1649:Widerquist, Karl (February 14, 2012).
1570:
1468:from the original on December 30, 2017
1267:Widerquist, Karl (February 19, 2016).
1240:Widerquist, Karl (February 14, 2012).
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1827:Wojtusik, Genevieve (June 13, 2020).
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1208:DeMarban, Alex (September 28, 2019).
1080:The Government Pension Fund of Norway
1905:Early, Wesley (September 19, 2024).
1879:Early, Wesley (September 21, 2023).
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1722:
1297:. Alaska Permanent Fund Corporations
1201:
1132:"What is the Alaska Permanent Fund?"
918:adding citations to reliable sources
885:
123:
81:began flowing to market through the
29:) is a constitutionally established
1988:
1962:
1820:
1704:. Alaska Permanent Fund Corporation
1620:"Palin signs energy relief package"
1295:"Why did Alaskans create the Fund?"
1172:
108:and has therefore signed up to the
13:
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1872:
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1775:Herz, Nathaniel (March 27, 2018).
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1571:Turner, Jeff (September 9, 2022).
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1543:"How the PFD amount is calculated"
14:
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2083:Alaska Permanent Fund Corporation
1626:. August 26, 2008. Archived from
1462:Alaska Permanent Fund Corporation
1380:Alaska Permanent Fund Corporation
1158:"Alaska State Constitution, 9.15"
203:(i) a prior felony as defined in
116:Alaska Permanent Fund Corporation
39:Alaska Permanent Fund Corporation
2490:Political Party for Basic Income
2202:Berman, Matthew (May 27, 2024).
1652:Alaska's Permanent Fund Dividend
1243:Alaska's Permanent Fund Dividend
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2008:
1989:Revenue, Alaska Department of.
1982:
1963:Revenue, Alaska Department of.
1956:
1924:
1751:"PFD amount announced: $ 1,100"
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983:Issues with the Permanent Fund
1:
2902:1976 establishments in Alaska
2736:AsignaciĂłn Universal por Hijo
2379:Universal basic income pilots
1092:
954:Constitutional Budget Reserve
882:Constitutional Budget Reserve
2263:Resources in other libraries
2130:NBER Working Paper No. 24312
104:The fund is a member of the
83:Trans-Alaska Pipeline System
7:
2932:Political history of Alaska
2752:Iranian subsidy reform plan
2500:Sustainable Australia Party
2208:Poverty & Public Policy
1043:
1036:Poverty & Public Policy
10:
2963:
2405:Basic Income Earth Network
2374:Technological unemployment
2155:"Universal Cash and Crime"
2104:"Alaska State Legislature"
2033:"Alaska State Legislature"
1488:"Eligibility Requirements"
1270:Exporting the Alaska Model
1050:Asset-based egalitarianism
68:
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2344:Guaranteed minimum income
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2258:Resources in your library
1702:"Annual Dividend Payouts"
1070:Permanent University Fund
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45:). It was established in
2942:State agencies of Alaska
2871:The War on Normal People
1072:â funds universities in
1065:North Dakota Legacy Fund
278:Annual individual payout
2927:Legal history of Alaska
1681:Permanent Fund Dividend
1655:. Springer. p. 1.
1003:Percent of Market Value
152:Permanent Fund Dividend
35:state-owned corporation
2641:Christopher Pissarides
2314:Universal basic income
1598:"Senate Bill No. 4002"
1086:Alaska v. Amerada Hess
1055:Universal basic income
988:Dividends and spending
969:unintended consequence
303:Dividend amount (USD)
294:
2731:Alaska Permanent Fund
2475:People Animals Nature
2400:Basic Income Alliance
2384:Universal inheritance
2249:Alaska Permanent Fund
2016:"FY2018 10-Year Plan"
1944:on September 27, 2011
1382:. September 29, 2018.
1356:on September 27, 2016
963:Former state senator
288:
53:and Attorney General
23:Alaska Permanent Fund
2661:Richard David Precht
2570:Juliet Rhys-Williams
2172:10.1162/rest_a_00834
1808:. September 27, 2019
1781:Anchorage Daily News
1729:Anchorage Daily News
1518:"Absence Guidelines"
1458:"Know Your Trustees"
1215:Anchorage Daily News
914:improve this section
2947:Petroleum in Alaska
2879:Utopia for Realists
2631:Philippe Van Parijs
2460:Mein Grundeinkommen
2359:Negative income tax
2329:Basic income models
1911:Alaska Public Media
1885:Alaska Public Media
1630:on January 28, 2013
1549:on January 17, 2013
1438:on January 18, 2016
1350:"IFSWF Our members"
1329:on October 21, 2012
977:Christmas tree bill
770:'s veto reduced it
179:in this state of a
110:Santiago Principles
91:Alaska Constitution
2696:Christian Engström
2470:Party of Humanists
2425:Five Star Movement
2415:Breakthrough Party
2410:Basic Income Party
2334:Citizen's dividend
1995:www.tax.alaska.gov
1969:www.tax.alaska.gov
1833:Alaska Native News
1577:Alaska Native News
1060:Citizen's dividend
295:
73:Shortly after the
2912:Economy of Alaska
2889:
2888:
2719:
2718:
2616:Sepp Kusstatscher
2244:Library resources
1600:. State of Alaska
1498:on March 31, 2015
1160:. State of Alaska
950:
949:
942:
879:
878:
254:Zobel v. Williams
166:allowable absence
124:Board of trustees
2954:
2917:Energy economics
2847:Agrarian Justice
2815:Nordic countries
2724:Related programs
2676:Osmo Soininvaara
2671:Annika Lillemets
2525:
2524:
2349:Jobless recovery
2339:Freedom dividend
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2220:10.1002/pop4.398
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1937:. Archived from
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1765:
1763:
1761:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1568:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1494:. Archived from
1484:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1434:. Archived from
1424:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1407:
1400:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1352:. Archived from
1345:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1328:
1321:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1237:
1231:
1230:
1224:
1222:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1189:on July 17, 2012
1179:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1138:on July 28, 2012
1128:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1112:on July 17, 2012
1102:
1076:from oil revenue
1033:A 2024 paper in
973:Democratic Party
945:
938:
934:
931:
925:
894:
886:
297:
296:
157:next January 1.
2962:
2961:
2957:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2952:
2951:
2892:
2891:
2890:
2885:
2834:
2771:
2767:Social dividend
2715:
2626:Eduardo Suplicy
2596:Ătienne Chouard
2579:
2550:Stephen Hawking
2545:Milton Friedman
2514:
2388:
2317:
2311:
2269:
2268:
2267:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2240:
2235:
2200:
2196:
2151:
2147:
2125:
2119:
2115:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2087:
2085:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2018:
2014:
2013:
2009:
1999:
1997:
1987:
1983:
1973:
1971:
1961:
1957:
1947:
1945:
1941:
1934:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1915:
1913:
1903:
1899:
1889:
1887:
1877:
1873:
1863:
1861:
1851:
1847:
1837:
1835:
1825:
1821:
1811:
1809:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1785:
1783:
1773:
1769:
1759:
1757:
1747:
1743:
1733:
1731:
1721:
1717:
1707:
1705:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1685:
1683:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1663:
1647:
1643:
1633:
1631:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1603:
1601:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1581:
1579:
1569:
1562:
1552:
1550:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1526:
1524:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1501:
1499:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1471:
1469:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1441:
1439:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1411:
1409:
1408:on May 16, 2012
1405:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1359:
1357:
1346:
1342:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1300:
1298:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1281:
1265:
1261:
1254:
1238:
1234:
1220:
1218:
1206:
1202:
1192:
1190:
1181:
1180:
1173:
1163:
1161:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1141:
1139:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1115:
1113:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1046:
1023:
999:
990:
985:
946:
935:
929:
926:
911:
895:
884:
280:
229:Multiply by 21%
175:as a result of
154:
126:
118:
71:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2960:
2950:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2883:
2875:
2867:
2859:
2851:
2842:
2840:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2820:United Kingdom
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2781:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2764:
2762:Quatinga Velho
2759:
2754:
2749:
2746:AuxĂlio Brasil
2738:
2733:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2708:
2706:Björn Wahlroos
2703:
2698:
2693:
2691:Birger Schlaug
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2636:Carole Pateman
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2601:Harry F. Dahms
2598:
2593:
2591:Rutger Bregman
2587:
2585:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2575:Anthony Barber
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2531:
2529:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2396:
2394:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2325:
2323:
2319:
2318:
2310:
2309:
2302:
2295:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2275:
2266:
2265:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2238:External links
2236:
2234:
2233:
2214:(2): 126â145.
2194:
2165:(4): 678â689.
2145:
2139:10.3386/w24312
2113:
2095:
2070:
2056:
2042:
2024:
2007:
1981:
1955:
1923:
1897:
1871:
1845:
1819:
1793:
1767:
1741:
1715:
1693:
1668:
1661:
1641:
1624:Capital Weekly
1611:
1589:
1560:
1534:
1522:pfd.alaska.gov
1509:
1492:pfd.alaska.gov
1479:
1449:
1419:
1385:
1367:
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1308:
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219:
218:
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214:
208:
194:
193:(A) felony; or
184:
169:
153:
150:
149:
148:
145:
142:
139:
136:
133:
125:
122:
117:
114:
77:from Alaska's
70:
67:
31:permanent fund
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2959:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2860:
2857:
2856:
2855:Bullshit Jobs
2852:
2849:
2848:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2837:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2825:United States
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2774:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2743:
2742:Bolsa FamĂlia
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2686:Susanne Wiest
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2651:Katja Kipping
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2582:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2540:C. H. Douglas
2538:
2536:
2535:Tony Atkinson
2533:
2532:
2530:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2517:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2450:Left Alliance
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2430:Forward Party
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2393:Organizations
2391:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
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2332:
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2327:
2326:
2324:
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2308:
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2301:
2296:
2294:
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2285:
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2271:
2270:
2264:
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2259:
2256:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2198:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2149:
2140:
2135:
2131:
2124:
2117:
2109:
2108:www.akleg.gov
2105:
2099:
2084:
2080:
2074:
2066:
2060:
2052:
2046:
2038:
2037:www.akleg.gov
2034:
2028:
2017:
2011:
1996:
1992:
1985:
1970:
1966:
1959:
1940:
1933:
1927:
1916:September 19,
1912:
1908:
1901:
1890:September 21,
1886:
1882:
1875:
1860:
1856:
1849:
1834:
1830:
1823:
1812:September 30,
1807:
1803:
1797:
1782:
1778:
1771:
1756:
1752:
1745:
1730:
1726:
1719:
1703:
1697:
1682:
1678:
1672:
1664:
1662:9781137015020
1658:
1654:
1653:
1645:
1634:September 27,
1629:
1625:
1621:
1615:
1604:September 27,
1599:
1593:
1578:
1574:
1567:
1565:
1553:September 27,
1548:
1544:
1538:
1523:
1519:
1513:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1483:
1472:September 23,
1467:
1463:
1459:
1453:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1423:
1412:September 27,
1404:
1397:
1396:
1389:
1381:
1377:
1371:
1360:September 24,
1355:
1351:
1344:
1333:September 27,
1325:
1318:
1312:
1296:
1290:
1282:
1280:9781137031655
1276:
1272:
1271:
1263:
1255:
1253:9781137015020
1249:
1245:
1244:
1236:
1229:
1221:September 24,
1217:
1216:
1211:
1204:
1193:September 27,
1188:
1184:
1178:
1176:
1164:September 27,
1159:
1153:
1142:September 27,
1137:
1133:
1127:
1116:September 27,
1111:
1107:
1101:
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1083:
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1071:
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1041:
1038:
1037:
1031:
1027:
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1010:
1008:
1004:
994:
980:
978:
974:
970:
966:
961:
957:
955:
944:
941:
933:
923:
919:
915:
909:
908:
904:
899:This section
897:
893:
888:
887:
875:
873:
870:
866:
863:
861:
858:
854:
850:
847:
844:
840:
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827:
824:
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814:
811:
808:
805:
801:
797:
794:
791:
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783:
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773:
769:
765:
762:
759:
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752:
749:
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739:
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733:
729:
726:
723:
720:
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713:
710:
707:
703:
700:
697:
694:
690:
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684:
681:
677:
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647:
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113:
111:
107:
102:
100:
94:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
66:
65:in practice.
64:
58:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
33:managed by a
32:
28:
24:
19:
2877:
2869:
2861:
2853:
2845:
2730:
2701:BenoĂźt Hamon
2681:Li Andersson
2621:Guy Standing
2584:Contemporary
2565:Thomas Paine
2480:Pirate Party
2440:Génération.s
2435:Fusion Party
2364:Real freedom
2248:
2211:
2207:
2197:
2162:
2158:
2148:
2129:
2116:
2107:
2098:
2086:. Retrieved
2082:
2073:
2059:
2045:
2036:
2027:
2010:
1998:. Retrieved
1994:
1984:
1972:. Retrieved
1968:
1958:
1946:. Retrieved
1939:the original
1926:
1914:. Retrieved
1910:
1900:
1888:. Retrieved
1884:
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244:Sarah Palin
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