390:). The Malamutes well-furred tails aid in keeping them warm when they curl up in the snow. They are often seen wrapping the tail around their nose and face, which presumably helps protect them against harsh weather such as blowing snow. Their ears are generally upright, wedge-shaped, small in proportion to the head and set to the side of the skull. The muzzle is deep and broad, tapering slightly from the skull to the nose. Nose and gums are black but some Malamutes have a snow nose, which is black with a pink undertone that can get darker or lighter, depending on the season.
394:
494:
347:
407:
355:
366:(AKC) breed standard describes a natural range of size, with a desired size of 23 inches (58 cm) tall and 75 pounds (34 kg) for females, 25 inches (64 cm) tall and 85 pounds (39 kg) for males. Heavier individuals (90 lb (41 kg)) and dogs smaller than 75 pounds (34 kg) are commonly seen. There is often a marked size difference between males and females. Weights upwards of 100 pounds (45 kg) are also seen.
587:
34:
370:
firmly erect when at attention. The
Alaskan Malamute is a heavy dog, with a more formidable nature and structure than the Siberian Husky, which is bred for speed. The Alaskan Malamute is bred for power and endurance, which is its original function and what the standard of the breed requires of Alaskan Malamute breeders.
369:
The
Alaskan Malamute is double-coated. The undercoat has an oily and woolly texture and can be as thick as two inches. The outer guard coat is coarse and stands off the body longer at the withers but not more than one inch off the sides of the body. Ears are small in proportion to the head and stand
373:
The usual colors are various shades of grey and white, sable and white, black and white, seal and white, red and white, or solid white. There are a wide range of markings in the breed including face markings, blazes, a splash at the nape of the neck, and a collar or half collar. White is often the
505:
The
Alaskan Malamute had a prominent role with their human companions as a utilitarian dog, working, hunting, and living alongside humans. The dogs were renowned for their excellent hunting abilities and were used to hunt large predators such as bears. They also aided their owners in finding
333:
dogs, the
Canadian Eskimo Dog and the Greenland Dog. In North America, the Malamute and the Siberian Husky both had maintained their Siberian lineage and had contributed significantly to the Alaskan husky, which showed evidence of crossing with European breeds that was consistent with this breed
317:
that predates the emergence of the modern breeds in the 19th century. A study in 2013 showed that the
Alaskan Malamute has a similar east Asian origin to, but is not clearly related to, the Greenland Dog and the Canadian Eskimo Dog, but contains a possible admixture of the Siberian Husky.
560:, although also used as freighting and packing dogs in Europe. This dog was never destined to be a racing sled dog; it was used for heavy freighting, pulling hundreds, perhaps thousands of pounds of supplies to villages and camps in groups of at least four dogs for heavy loads.
381:
The eyes of the
Alaskan Malamute are almond-shaped and are varied shades of brown; however, the darker eye is preferred. Purebred Alaskan Malamutes will not have blue eyes. The physical build of the Malamute is compact and strong with substance, bone and snowshoe feet.
374:
predominant color on the body, parts of the legs, feet, and part of the markings of the face. In terms of color variants, some
Malamutes exhibit a dark grey to buff-colored undertone around their trimmings and white areas, presenting with a color-linked gene known as
385:
According to the AKC breed standard, the
Malamute's tail is well furred and is carried over the back like a waving plume. Corkscrew tails are occasionally seen but are faulted in the AKC breed standard (a corkscrew tail is commonly seen in the
522:
Breed recognition came in 1935, largely through the efforts of Mrs. Eva B. Seeley. At that time many dogs were of unknown ancestry. Those who appeared purebred were used for breeding, others weeded out. After a few years, the registry was
378:. Two agouti alleles, with the possibility of a third, appear to be found in Malamutes: aw (Agouti Pattern or Wolf/Wild Pattern), at (Tan Point Pattern or Black Pattern), and awat (Heterozygous Agouti or Dark Agouti).
534:
to create what became the Husky-Pak line. All modern
Malamutes are descended from the early strains and show combinations of characteristics to a greater or lesser degree. Thus the natural differences we see
506:
seals by alerting them to seal blowholes. The interdependent relationship between the
Malamute and their dogs fostered prosperity among both and enabled them to flourish in the inhospitable land above the
1212:
1226:
999:"Report from the Kennel Club/British Small Animal Veterinary Association Scientific Committee: Summary results of the Purebred Dog Health Survey for the Alaskan Malamute breed"
526:
Losses from service in World War II all but eliminated the breed. In 1947 there were estimated to be only about 30 registered dogs left, so the studbook was reopened.
2168:
517:
of 1896, the Malamute and other sled dogs became extremely valuable to recently landed prospectors and settlers and were frequently crossbred with imported breeds.
812:
2173:
527:
290:
Although it is believed that the first dogs arrived in the Americas 12,000 years ago, people and their dogs did not settle in the Arctic until the
1077:
1758:
421:
The most commonly reported health problems of Alaskan Malamutes, in the 2004 UK Kennel Club survey (based on a sample size of 64 dogs) were
1748:
650:
162:
1027:
941:
McMillan, Kirsten M.; Bielby, Jon; Williams, Carys L.; Upjohn, Melissa M.; Casey, Rachel A.; Christley, Robert M. (February 1, 2024).
563:
The University of Washington's Husky mascot is an Alaskan Malamute. In 2010, the Alaskan Malamute was named the official state dog of
676:. Dennis-Bryan, Kim, Baggaley, Ann, John, Katie (First American ed.). New York: DK Publishing, Inc. October 2014. p. 103.
1230:
808:"Pre-Columbian origins of Native American dog breeds, with only limited replacement by European dogs, confirmed by mtDNA analysis"
1825:
806:
van Asch, Barbara; Zhang, Ai-bing; Oskarsson, Mattias C.R.; Klütsch, Cornelya F.C.; Amorim, António; Savolainen, Peter (2013).
414:
A 2024 study in the UK found an average life expectancy of 11.3 years compared to an average of 12.7 for purebreeds and 12 for
1116:
724:"Using multiple markers to elucidate the ancient, historical and modern relationships among North American Arctic dog breeds"
1142:
338:, was found to have shared a common ancestor with the Greenland sledge dog, the Alaskan Malamute and the Siberian Husky.
681:
457:
1054:
1310:
1279:
449:
1911:
530:
became involved in the breed and took this opportunity to combine M'’Loot and Hinman/Irwin dogs with selected
334:
being created in post-colonial North America. DNA extracted from a 9,500-year-old dog, Zhokhov, named after
568:
2012:
1818:
461:
321:
In 2015, a study using several genetic markers indicated that the Malamute, the Siberian Husky, and the
2193:
1881:
1846:
1735:
705:
998:
2082:
1991:
1906:
1896:
1085:
2087:
1971:
1414:
2057:
1931:
1876:
859:
771:
Handford, Jenny Mai (2009). "Dog sledging in the eighteenth century: North America and Siberia".
531:
2067:
2027:
1921:
1901:
1811:
482:
433:. There are additional health issues in the breed, the origins of which are unknown, including
426:
1161:
2188:
1997:
1966:
1376:
453:
1429:
1562:
1552:
1532:
1484:
1454:
1131:
Bryan D. Cummins, 2002. First Nations, first dogs. Detselig Enterprises Ltd., Calgary, AB.
890:
475:. This breed cannot easily absorb zinc, and infections, skin, and coat problems can arise.
363:
155:
150:
8:
2178:
2002:
1926:
1886:
1743:
1676:
1509:
1474:
1419:
1346:
1303:
642:
375:
271:
167:
1803:
1186:
975:
942:
552:, and the miners who came to Alaska during the Gold Rush of 1896, as well as serving in
493:
393:
2183:
1946:
1916:
1710:
1542:
1469:
1371:
836:
807:
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748:
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962:
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326:
1593:
346:
250:
that was originally bred for its strength and endurance, to haul heavy freight as a
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2047:
1981:
1866:
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831:
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735:
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434:
208:
314:
2123:
2113:
2062:
1936:
1763:
1753:
1464:
545:
472:
465:
464:). A growing problem among arctic dog breeds, including the Alaskan Malamute, is
445:
422:
1213:""The Great Dane's Head Resembles the Outline of the Commonwealth's Boundaries""
2097:
2052:
2022:
1956:
1951:
1871:
1702:
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1434:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1296:
958:
335:
275:
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1424:
1366:
1351:
1336:
966:
691:
606:
591:
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322:
279:
267:
116:
Grey, sable, black, or red, always with white, as well as all white and brown
2017:
1961:
1720:
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1618:
1524:
1439:
1406:
984:
845:
826:
757:
553:
307:
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191:
325:
share a close genetic relationship between each other and were related to
2147:
2092:
2072:
2037:
2032:
1986:
1608:
1588:
1494:
1479:
1381:
596:
406:
387:
1499:
1046:
739:
1715:
1643:
1504:
1252:
549:
354:
303:
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2007:
1941:
1598:
1489:
1361:
1328:
557:
247:
1696:
1686:
1648:
1638:
1628:
1603:
943:"Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death"
616:
438:
430:
251:
33:
1288:
1514:
1444:
885:
883:
881:
498:
441:, congenital heart problems, kidney problems and skin disorders.
415:
299:
1283:
1107:
Rhodes, Karen Helton; Werner, Alexander H. (January 25, 2011).
860:"Sled dogs are closely related to 9,500-year-old 'ancient dog'"
564:
468:, with onset occurring typically in middle age (5 to 7 years).
47:
878:
1792:
1784:
1459:
1319:
1109:
Blackwell's Five-Minute Veterinary Consult Clinical Companion
805:
460:, heart defects, and eye problems (particularly cataract and
410:
Light grey and white Alaskan Malamute puppy – two months old.
330:
263:
259:
255:
235:
940:
223:
722:
Brown, S K; Darwent, C M; Wictum, E J; Sacks, B N (2015).
397:
Alaskan Malamute siblings; female (left) and male (right).
2143:
1833:
544:
The Malamute dog has had a distinguished history; aiding
232:
217:
813:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
721:
226:
302:. Malamutes were thought to be bred by the Malimiut
238:
220:
1028:"Alaskan Malamute Club of America Health Committee"
953:(1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 531.
258:. It is similar to other arctic breeds such as the
229:
214:
211:
358:Alaskan Malamute with saddle black and white coat.
1229:. Alaska Dispatch. April 10, 2010. Archived from
1156:
1154:
2169:Dog breeds originating from Indigenous Americans
2160:
481:are the most common hormonal issue in dogs, and
1162:"Alaskan Malamute Illustrated Standard-History"
1151:
329:from Siberia. They were separate from the two
1819:
1304:
1227:"Sorry, huskies, Malamute now AK's state dog"
1020:
1111:. Ames, Iowa: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 148.
1106:
437:, found in young puppies as well as adults,
298:1,000 years ago, with both originating from
2174:Dog breeds originating in the United States
717:
715:
1826:
1812:
1311:
1297:
108:Thick, a double coat, with plush undercoat
974:
835:
825:
747:
444:Other health issues in Malamutes include
1044:
770:
712:
575:uses a Malamute as its official mascot.
492:
405:
392:
353:
345:
294:people 4,500 years ago, followed by the
1057:from the original on September 28, 2013
643:"FCI-Standard N° 243: Alaskan Malamute"
556:primarily as search and rescue dogs in
471:Another health issue with Malamutes is
2161:
350:Red and white female Alaskan Malamute.
313:The Malamute has been identified as a
1834:Dogs originating in the United States
1807:
1292:
1140:
1051:Arctic Dog Rescue and Training Center
1045:Loureiro, Regina (January 30, 2008).
1038:
651:Fédération Cynologique Internationale
637:
635:
633:
631:
163:Fédération Cynologique Internationale
1210:
1318:
1078:"Canine zinc-responsive dermatosis"
13:
1147:(1st ed.). Harper & Bros.
991:
628:
14:
2205:
1273:
1075:
891:"Alaskan Malamute Breed Standard"
666:
501:family with a Malamute from 1915.
921:Alaskan Malamute Club of America
585:
207:
32:
1245:
1219:
1204:
1179:
1134:
1125:
1100:
1069:
38:Grey and white Alaskan Malamute
1912:American Staffordshire Terrier
934:
909:
852:
799:
764:
513:For a brief period during the
1:
1211:Dean, Josh (April 17, 2012).
341:
622:
7:
2013:Miniature American Shepherd
578:
462:progressive retinal atrophy
10:
2210:
1882:American English Coonhound
1847:Alapaha Blue Blood Bulldog
959:10.1038/s41598-023-50458-w
488:
285:
2132:
2106:
2083:Treeing Tennessee Brindle
1994:a/k/a Florida Cracker Cur
1907:American Pit Bull Terrier
1897:American Hairless Terrier
1839:
1777:
1734:
1662:
1581:
1523:
1405:
1327:
1076:DACVD, Carlo Vitale DVM.
785:10.1017/S0032247400025705
546:Rear Admiral Richard Byrd
401:
185:
177:
166:
161:
154:
149:
144:
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131:
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123:
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115:
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107:
104:
100:34 kilograms (75 lb)
94:
90:38 kilograms (84 lb)
83:
73:
62:
57:
53:
43:
31:
26:
2088:Treeing Walker Coonhound
1972:Chesapeake Bay Retriever
1415:Black Norwegian Elkhound
485:is common in Malamutes.
450:inherited polyneuropathy
2058:Teddy Roosevelt Terrier
1932:Black and Tan Coonhound
1877:American Cocker Spaniel
2068:Toy Manchester Terrier
2028:Olde English Bulldogge
1922:American Water Spaniel
1902:American Leopard Hound
1141:Adney, Tappan (1900).
827:10.1098/rspb.2013.1142
704:: CS1 maint: others (
542:
502:
411:
398:
359:
351:
79:23 inches (58 cm)
69:25 inches (64 cm)
1998:Mackenzie River husky
1967:Catahoula Leopard Dog
1377:Mackenzie River husky
1253:"Lathrop High / Home"
519:
496:
458:cerebellar hypoplasia
454:osteochondrodysplasia
409:
396:
357:
349:
145:Kennel club standards
1563:Pembroke Welsh Corgi
1553:Nenets Herding Laika
1533:Cardigan Welsh Corgi
1485:Russo-European Laika
1455:Karelo-Finnish Laika
1257:www.k12northstar.org
1187:"Washington Huskies"
1034:on February 8, 2009.
1006:The Kennel Club - UK
895:American Kennel Club
674:The dog encyclopedia
364:American Kennel Club
2003:Majestic Tree Hound
1927:Australian Shepherd
1887:American Eskimo Dog
1744:Argentine polar dog
1677:American Eskimo Dog
1510:West Siberian Laika
1475:Norwegian Lundehund
1420:East Siberian Laika
1347:Canadian Eskimo Dog
740:10.1038/hdy.2015.49
569:Lathrop High School
336:the Siberian island
306:people of Alaska's
272:Canadian Eskimo Dog
181:State dog of Alaska
1947:Bluetick Coonhound
1917:American Staghound
1711:Northern Inuit Dog
1543:Icelandic Sheepdog
1470:Norwegian Elkhound
1430:Hällefors Elkhound
1372:Kamchatka Sled Dog
1215:– via Slate.
1191:Washington Huskies
947:Scientific Reports
612:List of dog breeds
515:Klondike Gold Rush
503:
429:), and hereditary
412:
399:
360:
352:
327:Chukotka sled-dogs
2194:Symbols of Alaska
2156:
2155:
2043:Redbone Coonhound
1992:Florida Brown Dog
1892:American Foxhound
1801:
1800:
1654:Thai Bangkaew Dog
1614:Hmong bobtail dog
1450:Karelian Bear Dog
1357:Chukotka sled dog
1233:on April 25, 2010
1144:Klondike Stampede
1118:978-0-8138-1596-1
1088:on August 3, 2019
1047:"Canine Diabetes"
602:Chukotka Sled-Dog
592:Alaska portal
573:Fairbanks, Alaska
479:Thyroid disorders
435:seizure disorders
199:
198:
173:
172:
136:
135:
2201:
2119:Hawaiian Poi Dog
2048:Silken Windhound
1982:English Shepherd
1867:American Bulldog
1862:Alaskan Malamute
1857:Alaskan Klee Kai
1828:
1821:
1814:
1805:
1804:
1769:Tahltan Bear Dog
1726:Volpino Italiano
1672:Alaskan Klee Kai
1573:Swedish Vallhund
1568:Swedish Lapphund
1558:Norwegian Buhund
1548:Lapponian Herder
1538:Finnish Lapphund
1342:Alaskan Malamute
1313:
1306:
1299:
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1289:
1280:Alaskan Malamute
1268:
1267:
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1208:
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1148:
1138:
1132:
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1095:
1093:
1084:. Archived from
1073:
1067:
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1042:
1036:
1035:
1030:. Archived from
1024:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1003:
995:
989:
988:
978:
938:
932:
931:
929:
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917:"Breed Standard"
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849:
839:
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779:(190): 237–248.
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528:Robert J. Zoller
245:
244:
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216:
213:
203:Alaskan Malamute
194:
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142:
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121:Litter size
55:
54:
36:
27:Alaskan Malamute
24:
23:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2199:
2198:
2159:
2158:
2157:
2152:
2128:
2124:Salish Wool Dog
2114:Hare Indian Dog
2102:
2063:Toy Fox Terrier
1937:Black Mouth Cur
1835:
1832:
1802:
1797:
1773:
1764:Salish Wool Dog
1754:Hare Indian Dog
1730:
1658:
1577:
1519:
1465:Norrbottenspets
1401:
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866:. June 25, 2020
858:
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629:
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584:
581:
541:
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525:
524:
491:
473:zinc deficiency
466:canine diabetes
446:elbow dysplasia
423:musculoskeletal
404:
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210:
206:
190:
186:
39:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2098:White Shepherd
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2055:
2053:Stephens Stock
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2025:
2023:Mountain Feist
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
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1989:
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1957:Boykin Spaniel
1954:
1952:Boston Terrier
1949:
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1929:
1924:
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1872:American Bully
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1736:Extinct breeds
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1664:Companion dogs
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2189:Spitz breeds
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2018:Mountain Cur
1962:Carolina Dog
1861:
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1721:Tonya Finosu
1705:(Zwergspitz)
1692:German Spitz
1682:Danish Spitz
1619:Indian Spitz
1582:Asian breeds
1525:Herding dogs
1407:Hunting dogs
1341:
1260:. Retrieved
1256:
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1235:. Retrieved
1231:the original
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1194:. Retrieved
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899:. Retrieved
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656:. Retrieved
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308:Norton Sound
296:Thule people
292:Paleo-Eskimo
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248:breed of dog
202:
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192:domestic dog
124:4–10 puppies
18:
2093:Trigg Hound
2073:Treeing Cur
2038:Rat Terrier
2033:Plott Hound
1699:(Wolfspitz)
1609:Donggyeongi
1480:Pungsan dog
1171:December 9,
1012:October 30,
597:Dogs portal
416:crossbreeds
315:basal breed
254:, and as a
2179:FCI breeds
2163:Categories
1749:Guejae Gae
1716:Schipperke
1703:Pomeranian
1644:Ryukyu dog
1594:Bắc Hà dog
1505:Taiwan Dog
1320:Spitz-type
1196:January 9,
1082:dvm360.com
550:South Pole
342:Appearance
278:, and the
132:11.3 years
2184:Sled dogs
2140:Coonhound
1942:Blue Lacy
1759:Hütespitz
1599:Chow Chow
1490:Shiba Inu
1460:Kishu Ken
1362:Eurohound
1329:Sled dogs
1237:April 20,
1092:August 3,
967:2045-2322
870:August 4,
793:128763354
700:cite book
692:859155647
623:Footnotes
617:Sled dogs
558:Greenland
532:Kotzebues
431:cataracts
21:Dog breed
16:Dog breed
1697:Keeshond
1687:Eurasier
1649:Shar Pei
1639:Nureongi
1629:Jeju dog
1604:Dikkulak
1500:Jämthund
1435:Hokkaido
1055:Archived
985:38302530
976:10834484
846:23843389
820:(1766).
758:26103948
728:Heredity
579:See also
439:epilepsy
310:region.
252:sled dog
168:standard
156:standard
2107:Extinct
1977:Chinook
1515:Zerdava
1495:Shikoku
1445:Kai Ken
1382:Samoyed
1352:Chinook
1262:May 24,
1061:May 29,
837:3730590
749:4806895
548:to the
523:closed.
499:Inupiat
489:History
304:Inupiaq
300:Siberia
286:Lineage
280:Samoyed
97:Females
76:Females
2137:Types:
1840:Extant
1782:Types:
1284:Curlie
1115:
1008:. 2004
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897:. 2013
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565:Alaska
535:today.
402:Health
376:Agouti
274:, the
266:, the
262:, the
84:Weight
63:Height
58:Traits
48:Alaska
44:Origin
2148:Feist
2008:McNab
1987:Feist
1793:Tugou
1789:Laika
1785:Husky
1589:Akita
1440:Jindo
1167:. AKC
1165:(PDF)
1002:(PDF)
789:S2CID
646:(PDF)
538:— AKC
388:Akita
331:Inuit
264:spitz
260:husky
256:hound
178:Notes
113:Color
87:Males
66:Males
1322:dogs
1264:2023
1239:2010
1198:2023
1173:2014
1113:ISBN
1094:2019
1063:2013
1014:2018
981:PMID
963:ISSN
928:2013
903:2013
872:2020
842:PMID
754:PMID
706:link
688:OCLC
678:ISBN
660:2020
362:The
201:The
105:Coat
2144:Cur
1282:at
971:PMC
955:doi
832:PMC
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744:PMC
736:doi
732:115
571:in
497:An
187:Dog
151:AKC
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