987:, p. 70: "Da bi postala članica Društva naroda, Albanija je 1921. godine posebnom Deklaracijom preuzela obavezu da će postovati prava pripadnika nacionalnih manjina. U njoj je priznato pravo Grcima i Muslimanima da regulisu svoj manjinski status, dok je pravoslavcima ponuđeno da u roku od dve godine preuzmu albansko državljanstvo. Albanska vlada je, međutim, obmanula Društvo naroda, jer je njegovom sekretarijatu poslala podatke da u ovoj zemlji živi "... ne više od 15.000 Grka i na severu, ne više od 200 bugarskih i srpskih porodica..." (CANU, 1990). Luka Maliković ipak smatra da je u periodu od 1921. do 1928. godine, srpska autonomija u Albaniji cvetala. Jugoslovenska vlada je obnovila rad privatnih srpskih skola 1923/24. godine. Tada je u Vraki u osmoljetki bilo 50 đaka, a 1930. godine 72. Skadar je imao tri osnovne škole i zabaviste sa 37 dece. Osmoljetka "Sveti Sava" imala je sedamdeset ucenika. Tu skolu je završio i najpoznatiji srpski pesnik u Albaniji Miloš Đorđ Nikolić, koji je imao nadimak Miđoni. Ist ovremeno, Radnička skola okupljala je u Skadru samo zensku omladinu. Osnovne škole su pokrenute, pa ukinute i u selima Kamenica i Derignjat. U to vreme, pored crkve i škole, postojala su i dva srpska omladinska društva "Gušlar" i "Obilić", kao i srpski fudbalski tim koji se takmicio u albanskoj ligi."
171:
elsewhere throughout the country. Mixed villages outside this designated zone, even those with a clear majority of ethnic Greeks, were not considered minority areas and therefore were denied any Greek-language cultural or educational provisions. In addition, many Greeks were forceably removed from the minority zones to other parts of the country as a product of communist population policy, an important and constant element of which was to preempt ethnic sources of political dissent. Greek place-names were changed to
Albanian names, while use of the Greek language, prohibited everywhere outside the minority zones, was prohibited for many official purposes within them as well.
1033:
King Zog, who banished schools in
Serbian language and continued with the communist regime, when the Serbiain-Montenegrin nationality was forbidden, along with the names and in particular the family names ending with the characteristic suffix "ich", as well as the right of education and the right of information in their mother tongue, the right to maintain contacts with the mother country, the right of religion etc.
808:, the Greek villages suffered considerable repression, including the forcible closure of Greek-language schools in 1933-1934 and the ordering of Greek Orthodox monasteries to accept mentally sick individuals as inmates." and "On the other hand under Hoxha there were draconian measures to keep Greek-speakers loyal to Albania. Albanian rather than Greek history was taught in schools."
180:
and ethno-cultural motivations for repression. Albania’s anti-religion campaign was merely one element in Hoxha's broader “Ideological and
Cultural Revolution” begun in 1966. He had outlined its main features at the PLA’s Fourth Congress in 1961. "Under communism, pupils were taught only Albanian history and culture, even in Greek-language classes at the primary level."
999:, p. 71: "Dinastija Zogu je prvo 1930. godine, stvaranjem autokefalne pravoslavne crkve, koju je vodio Stilijan Mavromati, pocepala srpsku pravoslavnu crkvu koja je do tada u Albaniji imala cetrnaest aktivnih hramova i jedan manastir. Time je i srpski narod u Albaniji onemoguch en da odrzava direktne veze sa svojom crkvom-maticom i sa svojom Otadzbinom."
273:
Enver Hoxha decided to destroy the
Serbian cemeteries and 2 of the Serb temples. In 1966, the state abolished religion, and in 1968 the state forced parents to name their children with contemporary and revolutionary (Illyrian) names. The surnames were forcibly changed by the Albanian government, from
179:
began the campaign of eradicating organised religion. Their forces damaged or destroyed many churches and mosques during this period; they banned many Greek-language books because of their religious themes or orientation. Yet, it is often impossible to distinguish between the government's ideological
1032:
The
Serbian-Montenegrin minority, during the past century, has been the subject of injustices by the state structures of that time, while institutional repressive measures led to discrimination and attempts to assimilate this minority. This repressive policy of assimilation begins with the regime of
579:
To define Kosovo as an
Albanian area, a toponyms commission (1999) led by Kosovan Albanian academics was established to determine new or alternative names for some settlements, streets, squares and organisations with Slavic origins that underwent a process of Albanisation during this period. Those
170:
minority status was limited to those who lived in 99 villages in the southern border areas, thereby excluding important concentrations of Greek settlement in Vlora (perhaps 8,000 people in 1994) and in adjoining areas along the coast, ancestral Greek towns such as Himara, and ethnic Greeks living
588:
In 1987 Yugoslav communist officials changed the starting grade from the fourth to the first for Kosovo Serb and
Albanian students being taught each others languages with aims of bringing both ethnicities closer. Kosovo Serb opposed the measure to the learn Albanian language claiming that it was
246:
In 1921, Albanian government declared that the Greeks were to be registered as a minority, the
Orthodox Serbs however were to register themselves as Albanians (thus becoming nationals of Albania) in a two-year period. In the Albanian census the Greeks numbered 15,000 while Serbs and Bulgarians
183:
Also, the ethnic Greek minority complained about the government's unwillingness to recognize ethnic Greek towns outside communist-era "minority zones," to utilize Greek in official documents and on public signs in ethnic Greek areas, or to include more ethnic Greeks in public administration.
1164:
The process of
Albanization has stopped, and in April 2013 the Macedonians in Albania had the opportunity to applaud the decision by Tirana to reverse a 1973 order by which several Macedonian municipalities had their names changed into Albanian names, following a decision taken by the local
520:
times. The
Ashkalija speak Albanian as their first language. Ashkalija often worked as blacksmiths, or manual laborers on Ottoman estates. Ashkalija are found mainly in eastern and central Kosovo. The Ashkali people claim that they have originated in Persia, now Iran, in 4th century BC
580:
measures have been promoted by sectors of the Kosovan Albanian academic, political, literary and media elite that caused administrative and societal confusion with multiple toponyms being used resulting in sporadic acceptance by wider Kosovan Albanian society.
533:); however, there are no indicators for this hypothesis and it not scientifically proven. There are other theories of the Ashkali coming from Turkey in a village called Aşkale (Erzurum district of Turkey), or possibly have come from ages ago in the city of
622:
due to claims that Albanian Muslim clergy were attempting to Albanianize the Muslim Slavs of Macedonia. Macedonian communist authorities concerned with growing Albanian nationalism contended that Turks and Macedonian speaking Muslims (Torbeš) were being
664:
of Skopje following the 1960s and over a span of twenty to thirty years underwent a demographic change of Albanisation that was reflected in the usage of the Latin alphabet and Albanian writing in shops of the area. In the 2000s, the construction of a
251:, which opened several Serbian private schools in 1923-1924 of which the school of Vrake had 72 pupils in 1930, three schools in Shkodra. An ethnic Serb football team existed in Shkodra that competed in the Albanian league. Two youth organizations (
468:
against the Ottomans, when Albanians from Shkodër who had resettled around Valjevo and Kraljevo in central Serbia, left after those events for Orahovac; the corpus of Bulgarian terminology in the dialect was unaccounted for by Muller.
129:
by the Axis powers, non-Albanians (Serbs and Macedonians) had to attend Albanian schools that taught a curriculum containing nationalism alongside fascism and were made to adopt Albanian forms for their names and surnames.
589:
another way of asserting Albanian dominance and viewed it as more Albanisation of the region. Yugoslav authorities rejected the claim stating that if Albanians also refused to learn Serbian on grounds that it was
618:(Torbeš) to declare themselves as Albanians during the census. The Islamic Community of Yugoslavia dominated by Slavic Muslims opposed during the 1980s Albanian candidates ascending to the leadership position of
1009:
1165:
authorities in Pustec (located at the border with F.Y.R. Macedonia), who voted to replace the names of the following municipalities into their pre-1973 Macedonian names (MINA, 2013).
278:
513:, who share culture, traditions and the Albanian language, are of Romani origin. The "Ashkali" have been classed as a "new ethnic identity in the Balkans", formed in the 1990s.
1118:
138:
The Albanian civil service tends to use albanianized versions of personal names of persons belonging to ethnic or cultural minorities without their consent.
2020:
472:
In the 1921 census, the majority of the Muslim Albanians in Orahovac were registered under the category "Serbs and Croats", based on linguistic criteria.
634:
606:
In 1982 Macedonian communist officials accused Albanian nationalists (including some Muslim Albanian clergy) that they placed pressure on Macedonian
2035:
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1882:
1016:
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789:
2015:
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207:, and from 1992 until 2017, they were known as a cultural and linguistic minority. Since 2017, the Aromanians are an officially recognized
1633:
537:(Israel). Still, some believe they are travelers from Northern India (Romani) who have used the Albanian language as their mother-tongue.
967:
309:
The Albanian parliament in April 2013 decided to reverse an order from 1973 that changed the Slavic toponyms of several villages in the
2176:
475:
Duijzings (2000), summarizing his own research, stated: "During my own research, some of them told me that their tongue is similar to
1922:
954:
932:
921:
910:
267:
256:
151:
464:. An Austrian named Joseph Muller, who visited the area in the 19th century, wrote that the dialect originated from the time of the
260:
263:
weakened the Serbs and Greeks in the country. The active 14 churches and Monastery were slowly closed by the Albanian government.
270:, Serb-Montenegrins were not allowed to have Serbian names, especially family names ending with the characteristic suffix "ich".
1514:
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at the entrance of the Old Bazaar has signified for some people in Macedonia that the area is undergoing a slow Albanisation.
1778:
1746:
1725:
1524:
1321:
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896:
1988:
827:
The Politics of National Minority Participation in Post-communist Europe: State-building, Democracy and Ethnic Mobilization
1842:
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involving birth control, control over Muslim institutions and Albanian education, dismissal of public servants and so on.
247:
numbered 200 families. During the time of 1921-1928 the Serb community in Albania was strengthened through efforts of the
1875:
563:, Macedonia. During the Kosovo War, Albanized Roma were displaced as refugees in Albania and the Republic of Macedonia.
2646:
736:
200:
126:
1797:
1575:
1497:
846:
801:
719:
545:
1788:
Grečić, Vladimir; Lopušina, Marko (1994). "Srbi – nacionalne manjine u starim i novim susednim zemljama: Albanija".
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607:
709:
1273:
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646:
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through Albanian political and cultural pressures and initiated a campaign against Albanian nationalism called
1199:
The migration of Serbs and Montenegrins from Kosovo and Metohija: results of the survey conducted in 1985-1986
571:
after the end of the war in 1999, to show their pro-Albanian stance and distinguish themselves from the Roma.
2132:
1917:
1634:"The Political Uses and Social Lives of "National Heroes": Controversies over Skanderbeg's Statue in Skopje"
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683:
510:
102:
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1966:
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rather than Serbian. It is likely they are the last remnants of what is now known in Serbian sources as
2528:
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822:
549:
114:
1704:
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666:
317:) with Albanian forms that resulted in local Pustec authorities voting to restore pre-1973 toponyms.
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as a minority group until the communist era (1967). From 1967 until 1992, they were known as simple
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2005:
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873:
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1927:
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In 1922, Henry Baerlein noted that the Austrians had for thirty years tried to Albanianize the
465:
214:
The recognition of the Aromanians as an Albanian minority has provoked negative reactions from
188:
1736:
737:"The policy of non-discrimination and the protection of minority cultural heritage in Albania"
187:
The 2012 USA annual report mention that the emergence of strident nationalist groups like the
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2323:
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1891:
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1147:
1091:
1045:
688:
326:
248:
66:
238:" the "Latin-speaking Greeks" of Albania with the supposed goal of gaining more population.
2600:
2568:
1762:. Становништво словенског поријекла у Албанији. Titograd: Историјски институт СР Црне Горе.
1709:. Становништво словенског поријекла у Албанији. Titograd: Историјски институт СР Црне Горе.
1197:
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8:
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1983:
1976:
1337:
476:
310:
1459:
1212:
N. Sigona, "How Can a ‘Nomad’ be a ‘Refugee’? Kosovo Roma and Labelling Policy in Italy"
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began speaking Albanian and marrying Albanian women. Similar claims were put forward by
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1944:
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842:
797:
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715:
418:
340:
227:
155:
62:
1234:
1148:"Language, education and conflicts in the Balkans: policies, resolutions, prospects"
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is thought to be related to the Balkan Egyptians according to some authors, such as
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1435:
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54:
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1949:
1912:
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69:. Diverse peoples were affected by Albanisation including peoples with different
1687:
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2127:
2089:
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1995:
1971:
1902:
818:
590:
517:
516:
It was earlier applied to stationary Roma who settled in Albanian areas during
438:
375:
352:
226:
action". Supposedly, Albania would do this with the intention of weakening the
74:
1400:
449:; they did not speak Albanian at home, but a Slavic dialect which they called
2635:
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2375:
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2084:
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2010:
2000:
1934:
383:
348:
281:, Albanian Serbs complained on harassment and pressure to leave the country.
110:
106:
70:
838:
2464:
2443:
2412:
2397:
2370:
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2318:
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2154:
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422:
294:
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1939:
1369:(in Bulgarian). София: Академично издателство "Марин Дринов". p. 57.
1015:(Report). Republic of Albania Ombudsman. 2014. p. 13. Archived from
414:
86:
1860:
823:"The Greek Minority in Albania: Ethnic Politics in a Pre-National State"
1460:"Probleme të normës në toponimi [Problems of norm in toponymy]"
290:
223:
98:
50:
38:
1211:
297:
made suggestions in 2009 to create a government commission to replace
1959:
1954:
1440:
830:
564:
434:
204:
147:
58:
1738:
The Wreckage Reconsidered: Five Oxymorons from Balkan Deconstruction
805:
534:
498:
344:
301:
based toponyms in the county with Albanian language form toponyms.
125:
In the newly attached territories to Albania of Kosovo and western
90:
786:
Badlands-Borderland: A History of Southern Albania/Northern Epirus
1516:
The three Yugoslavias: State-building and legitimation, 1918–2005
1338:"New Ethnic Identities in the Balkans: The Case of the Egyptians"
1202:, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 1992, accessed 4 Sep 2010
968:"Albania and Romania collude to weaken Greeks in Northern Epirus"
494:
368:
219:
1570:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp. 138–139, 128.
191:(RBA) increased ethnic tensions with the Greek minority groups.
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372:
336:
332:
215:
94:
82:
906:
904:
560:
526:
430:
364:
252:
78:
1834:
Desrbizacija i albanizacija kosovsko-metohijske stare Srbije
1309:
1119:"Lexical cleansing: Slavic toponyms in Albania (or out of?)"
1706:
Nacionalne manjine u Albaniji poslije Drugog svjetskog rata
948:
937:
926:
915:
530:
399:
1672:"The Bosnian Muslims and Albanians: Islam and Nationalism"
1594:
Minorities in Southeastern Europe - Albanians of Macedonia
1424:"Toponyms and the political and ethnic identity in Serbia"
1255:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1247:
901:
890:
879:
867:
855:
413:(1866–1948), who claimed that when he visited Orahovac in
1843:""ARNAUTAŠI" - POSEBNA GRUPA ŠARPLANINSKOG STANOVNIŠTVA"
714:. Stanford: Hoover Institution Press. pp. 185–186.
540:
A 14th-century reference to a placename (Агѹповы клѣти,
450:
1291:
1244:
1046:"Srbi u Albaniji jedna od najugroženih manjina u svetu"
657:
and create an "... Albanisation of western Macedonia."
386:
in southern Kosovo, who often have Albanised surnames.
274:
Slavic into Albanian ones, as part of Albanianization.
1770:
War of Words: Washington Tackles the Yugoslav Conflict
1364:
1071:
1545:
1533:
1177:
B. Allen, "Why Kosovo? The Anatomy of a Needless War"
1089:
1059:
645:, accused the majority Albanian political party, the
234:, while Romania would do this with the intention of "
1093:
The Bridge Betrayed: Religion and Genocide in Bosnia
266:
As part of assimilation politics during the rule of
649:in 1990 of trying to assimilate people, especially
1481:
1479:
1477:
1145:
425:and Albanized Serbs; according to him, they spoke
1792:(in Serbo-Croatian). IP Princip. pp. 69–73.
559:In 1990, an "Egyptian association" was formed in
2633:
1557:
1096:. University of California Press. pp. 55–.
485:, Islamicised and half-way Albanianised Slavs."
154:, the government encouraged Albanisation of the
1717:Religion and the Politics of Identity in Kosovo
1474:
1235:G. Lederer, "Contemporary Islam in East Europe"
27:Spread of Albanian culture, people and language
1787:
1453:
1451:
1048:(in Serbian). Arhiva.srbija.gov.rs. 1998-09-17
1010:Special Report - On minority rights in Albania
996:
984:
120:
1876:
1116:
480:
367:culture. Albanisation has also occurred with
1773:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 43–.
1759:Најновији демографски и други подаци о Враки
1002:
965:
601:
199:The Aromanians were first recognized at the
1485:
1448:
1382:"Balkan Egyptians and Gypsy/Roma Discourse"
1365:Даскалова, Ангелина; Мария Райкова (2005).
1090:Michael Anthony Sells (27 September 1996).
779:
777:
701:
304:
284:
1883:
1869:
1755:
1489:Kosovo: The politics of identity and space
1265:
1077:
1038:
583:
1890:
1713:
1702:
1625:
1613:
1519:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
1439:
1297:
1259:
1152:Italian Journal of Sociology of Education
1083:
1065:
734:
241:
1816:Albanizacija Kosova i Metohije 1941-1945
1506:
1415:
1274:"Kosovo's Mysterious Dialect Fades Away"
1186:
817:
774:
741:International Journal of Cultural Policy
711:Macedonia and the Macedonians: A history
637:, chairman of a Muslim organisation for
331:The concept is most commonly applied to
261:Orthodox Autocephalous Church of Albania
1563:
1379:
1310:Valeriu Nicolae; Hannah Slavik (2007).
1228:
1181:Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives
735:Giakoumis, Konstantinos (6 June 2020).
394:At the end of the 19th century, writer
259:) existed in Shkodra. The formation of
14:
2634:
1766:
1734:
1669:
1631:
1619:
1551:
1539:
1457:
1271:
1205:
707:
429:, wore the same costumes, but claimed
1864:
1512:
1492:. London: Routledge. pp. 70–71.
1421:
1170:
596:
504:
117:from all the regions of the Balkans.
1272:Xharra, Besiana (27 November 2010).
363:culture as opposed to the Christian
218:, claiming that Albania, along with
660:From a Macedonian perspective, the
24:
1807:
1741:. Lexington Books. pp. 101–.
1241:, NATO International Academy, 2000
25:
2658:
1720:. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers.
966:Antonopoulos, Paul (7 May 2020).
876:ALBANIA 2009 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT]
874:United States Department of State
864:ALBANIA 2008 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT]
862:United States Department of State
359:, as they identified with Muslim
162:", especially among the Greeks).
1592:"Greek Helsinki Monitor (2001),
955:ALBANIA 2016 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT
944:ALBANIA 2015 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT
933:ALBANIA 2014 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT
922:ALBANIA 2013 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT
911:ALBANIA 2012 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT
897:ALBANIA 2011 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT
886:ALBANIA 2010 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT
441:ethnicity. Most of the Albanian
158:(the territory was also called "
1703:Drašković, Aleksandar (1991) .
1584:
1380:Trubeta, Sevasti (March 2005).
1373:
1358:
1330:
1303:
1139:
1110:
990:
978:
959:
647:Party for Democratic Prosperity
1825:Albanizacija Kosova i Metohije
1756:Šćepanović, Slobodan (1991) .
1123:Osservatorio Balcani e Caucaso
811:
728:
279:1981 student protest in Kosovo
201:London Conference of 1912–1913
13:
1:
1832:Radovanović, Milovan (1998).
1823:Pavlović, Blagoje K. (1996).
753:10.1080/10286632.2019.1567722
694:
574:
567:Roma formed the ethnic group
194:
133:
2465:Romanisation of the writings
1767:Sremac, Danielle S. (1999).
1486:Kostovicova, Denisa (2005).
825:. In Stein, Jonathan (ed.).
784:G97 T.J. Winnifrith (2003),
684:Ashkali and Balkan Egyptians
511:Ashkali and Balkan Egyptians
320:
103:Ashkali and Balkan Egyptians
7:
2584:Forced religious conversion
1688:10.1080/0090599042000230250
1367:Грамоти на българските царе
1146:Emanuela C. Del Re (2013).
672:
616:Macedonian speaking Muslims
417:, he could not distinguish
389:
268:communist regime in Albania
121:Greater Albania (1940–1944)
65:, either by integration or
10:
2663:
1841:Trifunoski, Jovan (1989).
1814:Glišić, Venceslav (1991).
1663:
1513:Ramet, Sabrina P. (2006).
1225:, Vol. 37, 2003, pp. 69–79
997:Grečić & Lopušina 1994
985:Grečić & Lopušina 1994
593:it would be unacceptable.
550:Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria
488:
445:(old urban families) were
324:
289:Former Albanian President
156:Greeks of Southern Albania
2647:Social history of Albania
2551:
2542:Vergangenheitsbewältigung
2484:
2452:
2427:Assimilation by religions
2426:
1898:
1401:10.1080/00905990500053788
141:
2453:Assimilation by writings
1644:(4): 536. Archived from
1567:Who are the Macedonians?
1428:Oslo Studies in Language
804:, p. 138. Quote: "Under
554:Konstantin Josef Jireček
305:Reversed Albanianisation
285:Proposed Albanianisation
177:Albanian Party of Labour
1714:Duijzings, Ger (2000).
1632:Ragaru, Nadege (2008).
1596:(available online here"
1422:Rajić, Ljubiša (2012).
839:10.4324/9781315699257-6
708:Rossos, Andrew (2013).
602:Alleged Albanianisation
584:Alleged Albanianisation
451:
405:(converts to Islam) of
2564:Cultural globalisation
1735:Liotta, P. H. (1999).
1670:Babuna, Aydin (2004).
1564:Poulton, Hugh (1995).
1464:Gjurmime Albanologjike
1458:Murati, Qemal (2007).
1196:, & Miloš Macura,
1117:Marjola Rukaj (2009).
481:
466:First Serbian Uprising
411:Jovan Hadži Vasiljević
242:Serbs and Montenegrins
222:, are "colluded in an
189:Red and Black Alliance
173:
2642:Cultural assimilation
1892:Cultural assimilation
1278:www.balkaninsight.com
689:Albanisation of names
497:population (see also
327:Albanisation of names
249:Kingdom of Yugoslavia
164:
2601:Internal colonialism
2569:Cultural imperialism
2245:Northern Afghanistan
1676:Nationalities Papers
1389:Nationalities Papers
1345:Facta.junis.ni.ac.rs
1239:Central Asian Survey
833:. pp. 167–188.
2606:Jewish assimilation
2579:Forced assimilation
2112:or Castilianisation
355:were registered as
311:Pustec Municipality
293:and prime minister
146:During the rule of
53:) is the spread of
2225:Montenegrinisation
1217:2011-07-19 at the
792:2015-04-03 at the
679:Macedonian Muslims
651:Macedonian Muslims
639:Macedonian Muslims
597:In North Macedonia
505:Ashkali and Romani
127:Yugoslav Macedonia
2629:
2628:
2596:Identity politics
2559:Cultural genocide
2480:
2479:
2210:Macedonianisation
1827:. Evropsko slovo.
1780:978-0-275-96609-6
1748:978-0-7391-0012-7
1727:978-1-85065-431-5
1526:978-0-253-34656-8
1323:978-1-932716-33-7
1194:Marina Blagoǰević
1134:Lexical cleansing
1103:978-0-520-92209-9
667:Skanderbeg statue
398:claimed that the
341:former Yugoslavia
16:(Redirected from
2654:
2574:Dominant culture
2552:Related concepts
2514:De-russification
2502:De-stalinisation
2497:De-communisation
2434:Christianisation
2424:
2423:
2276:or Latinisation
2230:Norwegianisation
2206:or Hungarisation
2180:
2021:Colombianisation
1923:Native Americans
1885:
1878:
1871:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1850:Etnološke Sveske
1847:
1837:
1828:
1819:
1803:
1784:
1763:
1752:
1731:
1710:
1699:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1629:
1623:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1607:
1598:. Archived from
1588:
1582:
1581:
1561:
1555:
1549:
1543:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1483:
1472:
1471:
1455:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1441:10.5617/osla.319
1419:
1413:
1412:
1386:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1342:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1307:
1301:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1242:
1232:
1226:
1209:
1203:
1190:
1184:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1161:
1159:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1131:
1129:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1087:
1081:
1075:
1069:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1053:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1029:
1027:
1021:
1014:
1006:
1000:
994:
988:
982:
976:
975:
972:Greek City Times
963:
957:
952:
946:
941:
935:
930:
924:
919:
913:
908:
899:
894:
888:
883:
877:
871:
865:
859:
853:
852:
815:
809:
781:
772:
771:
769:
767:
732:
726:
725:
705:
484:
463:
460:
457:
454:
169:
152:communist regime
55:Albanian culture
21:
2662:
2661:
2657:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2632:
2631:
2630:
2625:
2621:Monoculturalism
2547:
2536:De-sinicisation
2509:De-nazification
2485:Opposite trends
2476:
2448:
2422:
2304:Sanskritisation
2269:Romanianisation
2235:Pakistanisation
2174:
2110:Hispanicisation
2100:Hawaiianisation
2056:Europeanisation
2051:Estonianisation
2006:Canadianisation
1913:Americanisation
1894:
1889:
1845:
1840:
1831:
1822:
1813:
1810:
1808:Further reading
1800:
1781:
1749:
1728:
1666:
1661:
1660:
1651:
1649:
1630:
1626:
1618:
1614:
1605:
1603:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1578:
1562:
1558:
1550:
1546:
1538:
1534:
1527:
1511:
1507:
1500:
1484:
1475:
1456:
1449:
1420:
1416:
1384:
1378:
1374:
1363:
1359:
1349:
1347:
1340:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1324:
1308:
1304:
1296:
1292:
1282:
1280:
1270:
1266:
1258:
1245:
1233:
1229:
1219:Wayback Machine
1210:
1206:
1192:Ruža Petrović,
1191:
1187:
1175:
1171:
1157:
1155:
1144:
1140:
1127:
1125:
1115:
1111:
1104:
1088:
1084:
1078:Šćepanović 1991
1076:
1072:
1064:
1060:
1051:
1049:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1025:
1023:
1022:on July 5, 2016
1019:
1012:
1008:
1007:
1003:
995:
991:
983:
979:
964:
960:
953:
949:
942:
938:
931:
927:
920:
916:
909:
902:
895:
891:
884:
880:
872:
868:
860:
856:
849:
819:Pettifer, James
816:
812:
794:Wayback Machine
782:
775:
765:
763:
733:
729:
722:
706:
702:
697:
675:
643:North Macedonia
635:Riza Memedovski
629:differentiation
604:
599:
586:
577:
507:
491:
461:
458:
455:
396:Branislav Nušić
392:
380:North Macedonia
329:
323:
307:
287:
244:
232:Northern Epirus
209:ethnic minority
197:
167:
160:Northern Epirus
144:
136:
123:
47:Albanianization
35:Albanianisation
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2660:
2650:
2649:
2644:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2611:Language shift
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2587:
2586:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2545:
2538:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2511:
2506:
2505:
2504:
2494:
2492:De-arabisation
2488:
2486:
2482:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2474:
2473:
2472:
2462:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2430:
2428:
2421:
2420:
2418:Zairianisation
2415:
2410:
2408:Westernisation
2405:
2403:Vietnamisation
2400:
2395:
2390:
2388:Turkmenisation
2385:
2384:
2383:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2356:Talibanisation
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2327:
2326:
2316:
2311:
2309:Serbianisation
2306:
2301:
2299:Saffronisation
2296:
2295:
2294:
2284:
2283:
2282:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2252:Persianisation
2249:
2248:
2247:
2240:Pashtunisation
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2201:
2199:Lithuanisation
2196:
2194:Latvianization
2191:
2186:
2181:
2169:
2164:
2163:
2162:
2160:Japanification
2152:
2150:Italianisation
2147:
2146:
2145:
2135:
2130:
2128:Indigenisation
2125:
2124:
2123:
2113:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2090:Georgification
2087:
2082:
2081:
2080:
2070:
2065:
2064:
2063:
2061:Westernisation
2053:
2048:
2046:Dutchification
2043:
2038:
2036:Cypriotisation
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1996:Bosniakisation
1993:
1992:
1991:
1981:
1980:
1979:
1972:Belarusisation
1969:
1967:Araucanisation
1964:
1963:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1937:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1910:
1905:
1903:Africanisation
1899:
1896:
1895:
1888:
1887:
1880:
1873:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1838:
1829:
1820:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1804:
1798:
1790:Svi Srbi Sveta
1785:
1779:
1764:
1753:
1747:
1732:
1726:
1711:
1700:
1682:(2): 287–321.
1665:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1624:
1622:, p. 554.
1612:
1583:
1576:
1556:
1554:, p. 303.
1544:
1542:, p. 307.
1532:
1525:
1505:
1498:
1473:
1447:
1414:
1372:
1357:
1329:
1322:
1313:Roma Diplomacy
1302:
1298:Duijzings 2000
1290:
1264:
1260:Duijzings 2000
1243:
1227:
1204:
1185:
1169:
1138:
1109:
1102:
1082:
1070:
1066:Drašković 1991
1058:
1037:
1001:
989:
977:
958:
947:
936:
925:
914:
900:
889:
878:
866:
854:
847:
810:
773:
727:
720:
699:
698:
696:
693:
692:
691:
686:
681:
674:
671:
603:
600:
598:
595:
591:Serbianisation
585:
582:
576:
573:
518:Ottoman Empire
506:
503:
490:
487:
391:
388:
322:
319:
306:
303:
286:
283:
243:
240:
228:Greek minority
196:
193:
143:
140:
135:
132:
122:
119:
71:ethnic origins
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2659:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2591:Globalisation
2589:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2519:Korenizatsiia
2517:
2516:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2483:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2460:Cyrillisation
2458:
2457:
2455:
2451:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2425:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2393:Ukrainisation
2391:
2389:
2386:
2382:
2379:
2378:
2377:
2376:Turkification
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2361:Taiwanisation
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2351:Swedification
2349:
2347:
2346:Swahilisation
2344:
2342:
2341:Sovietisation
2339:
2337:
2336:Slovakisation
2334:
2332:
2331:Slavicisation
2329:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2314:Sinhalisation
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2288:
2287:Russification
2285:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2253:
2250:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2220:Mongolisation
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2204:Magyarisation
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2189:Kurdification
2187:
2185:
2184:Koreanisation
2182:
2178:
2173:
2172:Kazakhisation
2170:
2168:
2165:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2139:
2138:Israelisation
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2116:Indianisation
2114:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2105:Hellenisation
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2095:Germanisation
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2085:Gaelicisation
2083:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2068:Finnicisation
2066:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2016:Chilenisation
2014:
2012:
2011:Celticisation
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
2001:Bulgarisation
1999:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1985:
1984:Bengalisation
1982:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1935:Anglicisation
1933:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1897:
1893:
1886:
1881:
1879:
1874:
1872:
1867:
1866:
1863:
1855:
1851:
1844:
1839:
1835:
1830:
1826:
1821:
1817:
1812:
1811:
1801:
1799:9788682273028
1795:
1791:
1786:
1782:
1776:
1772:
1771:
1765:
1761:
1760:
1754:
1750:
1744:
1740:
1739:
1733:
1729:
1723:
1719:
1718:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1668:
1667:
1648:on 2019-02-22
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1628:
1621:
1616:
1602:on 2006-10-01
1601:
1597:
1595:
1587:
1579:
1577:9781850652380
1573:
1569:
1568:
1560:
1553:
1548:
1541:
1536:
1528:
1522:
1518:
1517:
1509:
1501:
1499:9780415348065
1495:
1491:
1490:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1454:
1452:
1442:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1418:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1383:
1376:
1368:
1361:
1346:
1339:
1333:
1325:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1306:
1300:, p. 43.
1299:
1294:
1279:
1275:
1268:
1262:, p. 73.
1261:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1240:
1236:
1231:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1213:
1208:
1201:
1200:
1195:
1189:
1182:
1178:
1173:
1166:
1153:
1149:
1142:
1135:
1124:
1120:
1113:
1105:
1099:
1095:
1094:
1086:
1079:
1074:
1067:
1062:
1047:
1041:
1034:
1018:
1011:
1005:
998:
993:
986:
981:
973:
969:
962:
956:
951:
945:
940:
934:
929:
923:
918:
912:
907:
905:
898:
893:
887:
882:
875:
870:
863:
858:
850:
848:9781315699257
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
814:
807:
803:
802:0-7156-3201-9
799:
795:
791:
788:
787:
780:
778:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
731:
723:
721:9780817948832
717:
713:
712:
704:
700:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
676:
670:
668:
663:
658:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
630:
626:
621:
620:Reis ul-ulema
617:
613:
609:
594:
592:
581:
572:
570:
566:
562:
557:
555:
551:
547:
543:
542:Agupovy klěti
538:
536:
532:
528:
524:
519:
514:
512:
502:
500:
496:
486:
483:
478:
473:
470:
467:
453:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
401:
397:
387:
385:
381:
377:
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370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
328:
318:
316:
312:
302:
300:
296:
292:
282:
280:
275:
271:
269:
264:
262:
258:
254:
250:
239:
237:
236:Romanianizing
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
212:
210:
206:
202:
192:
190:
185:
181:
178:
172:
163:
161:
157:
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149:
139:
131:
128:
118:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
19:
2540:
2524:Latinisation
2470:Soviet Union
2444:Islamisation
2413:Wolofisation
2398:Uzbekisation
2371:Thaification
2366:Tamilisation
2319:Sinicisation
2274:Romanisation
2264:Polonisation
2215:Malayisation
2167:Javanisation
2155:Japanisation
2133:Indonesation
2073:Francisation
2041:Czechisation
2031:Croatisation
2026:Creolisation
1908:Albanisation
1907:
1853:
1849:
1833:
1824:
1815:
1789:
1769:
1758:
1737:
1716:
1705:
1679:
1675:
1650:. Retrieved
1646:the original
1641:
1638:Südosteuropa
1637:
1627:
1615:
1604:. Retrieved
1600:the original
1593:
1586:
1566:
1559:
1547:
1535:
1515:
1508:
1488:
1467:
1463:
1431:
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