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184:. A few years later he worked as a store clerk for $ 4 per week. Yet an Albert Pope biographer writes, "a study of his life suggests that his well-connected wider family helped him to get ahead and that his leaving school had less to do with providing for his needy family than with perceiving he could go, further, faster on his own." Another historian argues that Charles Pope invested with Albert in Boston real estate and was an original investor in
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328:. Pope stowed his Excelsior Duplex in the baggage hold of a New Haven Railroad train bound for Hartford, then rode from the Hartford station to the meeting at the Weed factory. Pope proposed to Fairfield that Weed produce fifty copies of this bicycle on a contract basis. Fairfield later accepted the offer. The Weed factory completed the order in September 1878, and these were the first bicycles Pope marketed under the
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252:, and they had four sons and one daughter. At the time of his marriage, Pope was still supporting his youngest brother Louis. Abbie bore two children during the first few years of their marriage, Albert Linder Pope in 1872 and Margaret Roberts Pope in 1874. He was also successful in expanding his business interests to air pistols, cigarette rollers, and shoe findings.
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Augusta Pope would later become physicians, and Louis would graduate from seminary and become a minister. His eldest brother, a widower named
Charles, died in 1868. Albert adopted his seven-year-old nephew, Harry Melville Pope. Later, Emily and Augusta would both graduate from medical school, complete post-doctoral studies in Europe, and practice at the
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In 1877, English bicycle-manufacturer John
Harrington visited Pope during an extended stay in the United States. He hired a machinist to build a bicycle, completed in August 1877 at a cost of $ 313. Harrington used this machine to teach Pope how to ride. Pope made arrangements to import eight model
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in Boston. After just a year, this investment had returned $ 9,600, worth more than $ 100,000 in 2000 U.S. dollars. Though Albert left school at an early age, he supported the college education of three of his siblings: his twin sisters Emily and
Augusta, and his youngest brother, Louis. Emily and
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Pope continued importing ordinaries from Europe and taking out US patents on these models. By the early 1890s, he had established a bicycle trust which controlled the central bicycle patents in the US. Nearly every US bicycle manufacturer paid Pope around $ 10 per bicycle. His bicycle brand was
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Col. Albert A. Pope, known as the father of bicycles in this country, and still more recently as one of the leading automobile manufacturers of the world, died at his summer home, Lindermere-by-the-Sea, late this afternoon. For more than a year Col. Pope had been in rather poor health, during the
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Pope sold a total of about ninety-two bicycles in 1878, combining imports and
Columbias. In 1879, he sold about 1000 Columbias, the last year of the Excelsior Duplex copies. Demand for his bicycles exceeded his ability to produce them, so his advertisements stressed imports. Fairfield started
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patent. The two companies agreed to combine their patents and split a $ 10 or $ 15 royalty per bicycle that they would enforce against
American producers. Pope managed to negotiate separately with the two companies and purchased controlling interest in the patent pool. He continued to invest in
212:. The 35th Massachusetts confronted a Confederate crossfire and was stranded behind enemy lines with its ammunition exhausted before answering an order to retreat. Seventy-nine men from Pope's unit died that day. Pope survived a bout with cholera, and his unit served at the Battles of
387:, he staged a legal confrontation. Three cyclists rode into Central Park to defy the law with the knowledge that Pope would pay their legal fees. The cyclists, however, lost the cases and all the appeals, but Pope did provide the support he promised.
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Pope had already invested over $ 4,000 importing about fifty bicycles through the first part of 1878. In May, he started inquiring about manufacturing his own machine. He met with George
Fairfield, president of Weed Sewing Machine Company in
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William Pope, a brother of
Charles, moved to Brookline prior to 1850, bringing some of Albert's cousins into the neighborhood. Albert attended Brookline Grammar School with his cousin George, who was just a year younger than Albert.
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The major problem for bicycles at this time was the lack of suitable roads on which to ride them. Pope being not only a bicycle manufacturer but a bicycle-riding enthusiast, was particularly troubled by this problem. He formed the
1099:"Col. A.A. Pope Dies at Summer Home. Pioneer Bicycle Manufacturer's Health Failed Since His Company's Embarrassment. Won Honors in Battle. Once Organized an Artillery Regiment from Convalescent Camp and Occupied Two Forts"
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Charles Pope never recovered from his business downfall, according to the family story. Albert was already the breadwinner at age nine: first plowing fields, then selling produce, and at the age of fifteen, working the
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patent with six years remaining. Montpelier
Manufacturing had gained shared control through legal threats and negotiation. The Vermont-based firm told Richardson and McKee that it was infringing on its
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Pope spent no less than $ 8,000 on bicycle advocacy. As some local governments had introduced restrictions or bans on bicycle use, Pope treated this as a threat to his business. In response to an 1880
224:. He mustered out as a captain, though he received the honorary title of Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel for distinguished service. A Brevet title did not carry with it added authority or added pay.
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in the timber and lumber business since the 1660s, but
Charles opted for speculating in real estate. His maternal grandfather, Captain James Bogman, disappeared at sea after sailing out of
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Two
American firms formed a cartel around the United States patents of bicycles shortly after Pope entered the industry: Boston-based Richardson and McKee, and Montpelier Manufacturing of
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Pope is credited with being the first auto manufacturer to use mass production practices. In 1900 Pope's factories produced more motor vehicles than any other factory in the world.
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Pope tried to re-enter the automobile manufacturing market in 1901 by acquiring a number of small firms, but the process was expensive and competition in the industry was heating up.
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patents even remotely related to bicycle production. He filed lawsuits against rival bicycle marketers, then agreed to drop the suits in exchange for a $ 10 per unit royalty fee.
1129:"Death of Col. A.A. Pope. Pioneer Bicycle Maker Succumbs After Financial Reverses. Made Fortune in Manufacture of Wheels, but Auto Business Had Been in Difficulties Since Panic"
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and William Hillman. The Ariel-design featured a system of spokes that allowed larger wheels, and to prove the point, an ordinary with an 84-inch front wheel was on display.
296:-based importers sponsored the bicycle exhibit. The English manufacturer Haynes & Jefferies was building and exporting copies of the Ariel model with the permission of
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to the city of Hartford in 1894 and provided an endowment for its upkeep. A horse trough and fountain was dedicated to him in the park.
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449:. In 1897, he renamed the Motor Carriage Department as the separate Columbia Automobile Company, which was spun off and sold to the
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was head engineer of the Motor Vehicle Department. The Electric Vehicle division was spun off that year as the independent company
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troubles of his bicycle and automobile enterprises, which were forced into the hands of a receiver not long after the panic.
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From 1896, he began to diversify into automobile production. The chief engineer of his Pope Motor Carriage department was
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Around 1845, Charles Pope initiated his independence from the family business when he purchased his first lot in
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model also had design changes, but could be purchased without the ball bearings and nickel plating for $ 87.50.
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model. In 1880, a Special with a 48-inch wheel and full-nickel plating retailed at $ 132.50. The newly named
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Col. Pope & his American Dream Machines: The Life and Times of a Bicycle Tycoon Turned Automotive Pioneer
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Col. Pope & his American Dream Machines: the life and times of a bicycle tycoon turned automotive pioneer
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Albert used $ 900 in savings from his military salary to invest in a shoemakers' supply business at
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tinkering with the design, improving the head and the front ball-bearing assembly resulting in the
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Restoring a Balance: Re-Envisioning Pope Park's Lower Mead and the South Branch of the Park River
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Between the years 1903 and 1915, the company operated a number of automobile companies including
316:. He accepted delivery in January 1878, and placed an advertisement for his imported bicycles in
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He married September 20, 1871, Abbie Linder, daughter of George Linder and Matilda Smallwood, of
141:. He was an importer, promoter, and manufacturer of bicycles, and a manufacturer of automobiles.
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153:. His parents were Charles Pope and Elizabeth Bogman Pope. His father descended from a line of
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On August 27, 1862, at the age of nineteen, Albert Pope joined the Union Army attached to the
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Pope was elected to Newton Common Council in 1875. The following summer, he attended the
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Pope, with his brother Arthur and his cousin Edward, were among the founders of the
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Pope declared bankruptcy in 1907 and abandoned the automobile industry in 1915.
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A Catalogue of Books, Pamphlets, and Articles on the Construction and of Roads
241:(known today as the Dimock Center). In 1886, they were both admitted into the
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Albert A. Pope, the ... Augustus Pope was born in Boston on May 20, 1843. ...
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Rae, John B. (December 1955). "Electric Vehicle: a monopoly that missed".
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In 1897, Pope Manufacturing began production of an electric automobile in
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in his capacity as Newton Alderman, where he saw a display of English
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402:, Pope was manufacturing about a quarter million bicycles annually.
746:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland and Company. pp. 22–23.
683:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland and Company. pp. 20–23.
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161:, when Elizabeth was a youth. Albert was one of eight children.
168:, a nearby suburb of Boston. In 1846, he moved the family from
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known as the Columbia. By the mid-1890s, at the height of the
1063:"Popeism and Fordism: Examining the Roots of Mass Production"
1041:"1911 Pope-Hartford Model W news, pictures, and information"
1163:
Kate Benisek, Brian Markey, and Aran Wiener (Winter 2009),
862:. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. p.
30:
785:"Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel Albert Augustus Pope, U.S.V."
460:. By 1899, the company had produced over 500 vehicles.
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1234:
Peddling Bicycles to America: The Rise of an Industry
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Peddling Bicycles to America: the rise of an industry
1278:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland and Company.
1236:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland and Company.
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brand. He managed his new bicycle business from his
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Outline history of the bicycle in the United States
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Colonel Albert Pope and his American dream machines
208:on September 7, and just ten days later, fought at
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622:Albert Pope Memorial Horse Trough and Fountain in
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1301:. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press.
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817:Also known as high-wheelers and penny farthings.
641:Following his death, some companies joined the
1203:"Hidden Gems Of Hartford And Tolland Counties"
1038:
947:"Albert Augustus Pope, Transportation Pioneer"
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130:(May 20, 1843 – August 10, 1909) was a
1186:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
414:to agitate for and petition governments for
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239:New England Hospital for Women and Children
1072:. Vol. 31, no. 3. Archived from
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1497:Burials at Forest Hills Cemetery (Boston)
1325:The Movement for Better Roads: An Address
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441:1905 Pope Manufacturing Co. advertisement
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1507:History of cycling in the United States
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1259:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
1016:. Farber and Associates. Archived from
924:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
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1482:American magazine publishers (people)
1472:American manufacturing businesspeople
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198:35th Massachusetts Volunteer Regiment
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1517:19th-century American businesspeople
1014:"American Automobiles Manufacturers"
516:1901 Columbia Electric Advertisement
453:, in which he was also an investor.
308:from Bayliss, Thomas and Company of
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1512:History of cycling in Massachusetts
1169:, Conway School of Landscape Design
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645:. Pope's empire collapsed in 1913.
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149:Pope was born on May 20, 1843, in
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1201:Dehnel, Chris (4 November 2022).
1137:. August 10, 1909. Archived from
975:. Vol. 29. pp. 299–305.
791:from the original on 8 April 2008
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528:1903 Pope Automobile Company Logo
374:Promotion of bicycles and cycling
360:. Richardson and McKee owned the
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588:1914 Pope Hartford advertisement
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16:American businessman (1843–1909)
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261:Imports and the first Columbias
765:Goddard (2000), pp. 37, 41–51.
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383:ban against bicycle riding in
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320:magazine a few months later.
243:Massachusetts Medical Society
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1274:Goddard, Stephen B. (2000).
993:"The Columbia Cars Are Born"
679:Goddard, Stephen B. (2000).
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610:He died on August 10, 1909.
600:Pope Hartford with Soldiers
277:Pope Manufacturing in Boston
7:
1522:Cyclists from Massachusetts
1366:Columbia Bikes Incorporated
1232:Epperson, Bruce D. (2010).
1039:Daniel Vaughan (Aug 2005).
885:Epperson (2010), pp. 31–33.
844:Epperson (2010), pp. 29–31.
835:Epperson (2010), pp. 28–29.
826:Epperson (2010), pp. 23–24.
742:Epperson, Bruce D. (2010).
643:United States Motor Company
468:but it was acquired by the
466:Columbia Automobile Company
433:Columbia (automobile brand)
427:Columbia Automobile Company
408:League of American Wheelmen
10:
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1487:Businesspeople from Boston
1344:Pope Manufacturing Company
1330:Pope Manufacturing Company
1293:Herlihy, David V. (2004).
903:Goddard (2000), pp. 73–74.
854:Herlihy, David V. (2004).
808:Goddard (2000), pp. 63–65.
756:Goddard (2000), pp. 35–37.
711:Goddard (2000), pp. 22–23.
693:Goddard (2000), pp. 28–30.
655:Pope Manufacturing Company
634:Pope donated the land for
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392:Massachusetts Bicycle Club
334:Pope Manufacturing Company
186:Pope Manufacturing Company
774:Goddard (2000), pp.60–63.
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1251:Flink, James J. (1988).
916:Flink, James J. (1988).
660:American Bicycle Company
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564:1910 Pope Waverley Coupe
540:1904 Pope Toledo Tonneau
472:by the end of the year.
470:Electric Vehicle Company
451:Electric Vehicle Company
204:. The unit crossed the
166:Brookline, Massachusetts
973:Business History Review
876:Epperson (2010), p. 33.
72:Cohasset, Massachusetts
70:Lindermere-by-the-Sea,
1477:American male cyclists
1405:business and economics
894:Herlihy, pp. 190, 192.
702:Goddard (2000), p. 30.
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83:importer, manufacturer
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458:Hartford, Connecticut
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286:Centennial Exhibition
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250:Newton, Massachusetts
170:Milton, Massachusetts
151:Boston, Massachusetts
52:Boston, Massachusetts
1297:Bicycle: The History
1079:on December 20, 2014
1020:on September 3, 2011
858:Bicycle: the history
200:, commissioned as a
128:Albert Augustus Pope
1467:Union Army officers
1134:The Washington Post
995:. Hog River Journal
951:Connecticut History
412:Good Roads Movement
269:Columbia "Ordinary"
23:Col. Albert A. Pope
1502:History of cycling
1255:The Automobile Age
1104:The New York Times
920:The Automobile Age
627:
576:1911 Pope Hartford
443:
336:office in Boston.
306:Excelsior Duplexes
279:
271:
228:Life after the war
192:American Civil War
135:Lieutenant-Colonel
91:Pope Manufacturing
1492:Cycling advocates
1351:First chapter of
1107:. August 11, 1909
1061:Norcliffe, Glen.
1043:. Conceptcarz.com
787:All Biographies.
462:Hiram Percy Maxim
447:Hiram Percy Maxim
290:ordinary bicycles
256:The bicycle years
202:Second Lieutenant
159:Norfolk, Virginia
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65:(1909-08-10)
48:May 20, 1843
1462:1909 deaths
1457:1843 births
1441:Connecticut
1209:. Patch.com
488:Pope-Toledo
422:Automobiles
234:Dock Square
1451:Categories
1145:2008-04-25
1111:2008-04-25
1047:2012-01-16
1024:August 28,
999:2012-01-16
936:Chapter 1.
795:2008-04-25
666:References
145:Early life
139:Union Army
44:1843-05-20
1417:transport
1393:biography
956:30 August
636:Pope Park
630:Pope Park
624:Pope Park
294:Baltimore
222:Knoxville
218:Vicksburg
112:Signature
1182:citation
789:Archived
410:and the
346:Standard
330:Columbia
326:Hartford
310:Coventry
210:Antietam
1379:Portals
1346:. 1892.
1332:. 1892.
1213:7 March
1173:7 March
358:Vermont
342:Special
314:England
292:. Some
137:in the
99:Colonel
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614:Legacy
220:, and
132:Brevet
104:Spouse
1207:Patch
1077:(PDF)
1066:(PDF)
606:Death
96:Title
1303:ISBN
1280:ISBN
1261:ISBN
1238:ISBN
1215:2024
1188:link
1175:2024
1085:2014
1026:2011
958:2020
926:ISBN
74:, US
60:Died
54:, US
38:Born
864:190
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