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195:. A few years later he worked as a store clerk for $ 4 per week. Yet an Albert Pope biographer writes, "a study of his life suggests that his well-connected wider family helped him to get ahead and that his leaving school had less to do with providing for his needy family than with perceiving he could go, further, faster on his own." Another historian argues that Charles Pope invested with Albert in Boston real estate and was an original investor in
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339:. Pope stowed his Excelsior Duplex in the baggage hold of a New Haven Railroad train bound for Hartford, then rode from the Hartford station to the meeting at the Weed factory. Pope proposed to Fairfield that Weed produce fifty copies of this bicycle on a contract basis. Fairfield later accepted the offer. The Weed factory completed the order in September 1878, and these were the first bicycles Pope marketed under the
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263:, and they had four sons and one daughter. At the time of his marriage, Pope was still supporting his youngest brother Louis. Abbie bore two children during the first few years of their marriage, Albert Linder Pope in 1872 and Margaret Roberts Pope in 1874. He was also successful in expanding his business interests to air pistols, cigarette rollers, and shoe findings.
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Augusta Pope would later become physicians, and Louis would graduate from seminary and become a minister. His eldest brother, a widower named
Charles, died in 1868. Albert adopted his seven-year-old nephew, Harry Melville Pope. Later, Emily and Augusta would both graduate from medical school, complete post-doctoral studies in Europe, and practice at the
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In 1877, English bicycle-manufacturer John
Harrington visited Pope during an extended stay in the United States. He hired a machinist to build a bicycle, completed in August 1877 at a cost of $ 313. Harrington used this machine to teach Pope how to ride. Pope made arrangements to import eight model
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in Boston. After just a year, this investment had returned $ 9,600, worth more than $ 100,000 in 2000 U.S. dollars. Though Albert left school at an early age, he supported the college education of three of his siblings: his twin sisters Emily and
Augusta, and his youngest brother, Louis. Emily and
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Pope continued importing ordinaries from Europe and taking out US patents on these models. By the early 1890s, he had established a bicycle trust which controlled the central bicycle patents in the US. Nearly every US bicycle manufacturer paid Pope around $ 10 per bicycle. His bicycle brand was
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Col. Albert A. Pope, known as the father of bicycles in this country, and still more recently as one of the leading automobile manufacturers of the world, died at his summer home, Lindermere-by-the-Sea, late this afternoon. For more than a year Col. Pope had been in rather poor health, during the
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Pope sold a total of about ninety-two bicycles in 1878, combining imports and
Columbias. In 1879, he sold about 1000 Columbias, the last year of the Excelsior Duplex copies. Demand for his bicycles exceeded his ability to produce them, so his advertisements stressed imports. Fairfield started
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patent. The two companies agreed to combine their patents and split a $ 10 or $ 15 royalty per bicycle that they would enforce against
American producers. Pope managed to negotiate separately with the two companies and purchased controlling interest in the patent pool. He continued to invest in
223:. The 35th Massachusetts confronted a Confederate crossfire and was stranded behind enemy lines with its ammunition exhausted before answering an order to retreat. Seventy-nine men from Pope's unit died that day. Pope survived a bout with cholera, and his unit served at the Battles of
398:, he staged a legal confrontation. Three cyclists rode into Central Park to defy the law with the knowledge that Pope would pay their legal fees. The cyclists, however, lost the cases and all the appeals, but Pope did provide the support he promised.
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Pope had already invested over $ 4,000 importing about fifty bicycles through the first part of 1878. In May, he started inquiring about manufacturing his own machine. He met with George
Fairfield, president of Weed Sewing Machine Company in
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William Pope, a brother of
Charles, moved to Brookline prior to 1850, bringing some of Albert's cousins into the neighborhood. Albert attended Brookline Grammar School with his cousin George, who was just a year younger than Albert.
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The major problem for bicycles at this time was the lack of suitable roads on which to ride them. Pope being not only a bicycle manufacturer but a bicycle-riding enthusiast, was particularly troubled by this problem. He formed the
1110:"Col. A.A. Pope Dies at Summer Home. Pioneer Bicycle Manufacturer's Health Failed Since His Company's Embarrassment. Won Honors in Battle. Once Organized an Artillery Regiment from Convalescent Camp and Occupied Two Forts"
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Charles Pope never recovered from his business downfall, according to the family story. Albert was already the breadwinner at age nine: first plowing fields, then selling produce, and at the age of fifteen, working the
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patent with six years remaining. Montpelier
Manufacturing had gained shared control through legal threats and negotiation. The Vermont-based firm told Richardson and McKee that it was infringing on its
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Pope spent no less than $ 8,000 on bicycle advocacy. As some local governments had introduced restrictions or bans on bicycle use, Pope treated this as a threat to his business. In response to an 1880
235:. He mustered out as a captain, though he received the honorary title of Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel for distinguished service. A Brevet title did not carry with it added authority or added pay.
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in the timber and lumber business since the 1660s, but
Charles opted for speculating in real estate. His maternal grandfather, Captain James Bogman, disappeared at sea after sailing out of
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Two
American firms formed a cartel around the United States patents of bicycles shortly after Pope entered the industry: Boston-based Richardson and McKee, and Montpelier Manufacturing of
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Pope is credited with being the first auto manufacturer to use mass production practices. In 1900 Pope's factories produced more motor vehicles than any other factory in the world.
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Pope tried to re-enter the automobile manufacturing market in 1901 by acquiring a number of small firms, but the process was expensive and competition in the industry was heating up.
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patents even remotely related to bicycle production. He filed lawsuits against rival bicycle marketers, then agreed to drop the suits in exchange for a $ 10 per unit royalty fee.
1140:"Death of Col. A.A. Pope. Pioneer Bicycle Maker Succumbs After Financial Reverses. Made Fortune in Manufacture of Wheels, but Auto Business Had Been in Difficulties Since Panic"
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and William Hillman. The Ariel-design featured a system of spokes that allowed larger wheels, and to prove the point, an ordinary with an 84-inch front wheel was on display.
307:-based importers sponsored the bicycle exhibit. The English manufacturer Haynes & Jefferies was building and exporting copies of the Ariel model with the permission of
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to the city of Hartford in 1894 and provided an endowment for its upkeep. A horse trough and fountain was dedicated to him in the park.
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460:. In 1897, he renamed the Motor Carriage Department as the separate Columbia Automobile Company, which was spun off and sold to the
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was head engineer of the Motor Vehicle Department. The Electric Vehicle division was spun off that year as the independent company
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troubles of his bicycle and automobile enterprises, which were forced into the hands of a receiver not long after the panic.
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From 1896, he began to diversify into automobile production. The chief engineer of his Pope Motor Carriage department was
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Around 1845, Charles Pope initiated his independence from the family business when he purchased his first lot in
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model also had design changes, but could be purchased without the ball bearings and nickel plating for $ 87.50.
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model. In 1880, a Special with a 48-inch wheel and full-nickel plating retailed at $ 132.50. The newly named
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Col. Pope & his American Dream Machines: The Life and Times of a Bicycle Tycoon Turned Automotive Pioneer
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Col. Pope & his American Dream Machines: the life and times of a bicycle tycoon turned automotive pioneer
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Albert used $ 900 in savings from his military salary to invest in a shoemakers' supply business at
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tinkering with the design, improving the head and the front ball-bearing assembly resulting in the
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Restoring a Balance: Re-Envisioning Pope Park's Lower Mead and the South Branch of the Park River
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Between the years 1903 and 1915, the company operated a number of automobile companies including
327:. He accepted delivery in January 1878, and placed an advertisement for his imported bicycles in
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He married September 20, 1871, Abbie Linder, daughter of George Linder and Matilda Smallwood, of
152:. He was an importer, promoter, and manufacturer of bicycles, and a manufacturer of automobiles.
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164:. His parents were Charles Pope and Elizabeth Bogman Pope. His father descended from a line of
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On August 27, 1862, at the age of nineteen, Albert Pope joined the Union Army attached to the
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Pope was elected to Newton Common Council in 1875. The following summer, he attended the
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Pope, with his brother Arthur and his cousin Edward, were among the founders of the
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Pope declared bankruptcy in 1907 and abandoned the automobile industry in 1915.
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A Catalogue of Books, Pamphlets, and Articles on the Construction and of Roads
252:(known today as the Dimock Center). In 1886, they were both admitted into the
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Albert A. Pope, the ... Augustus Pope was born in Boston on May 20, 1843. ...
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Rae, John B. (December 1955). "Electric Vehicle: a monopoly that missed".
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In 1897, Pope Manufacturing began production of an electric automobile in
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in his capacity as Newton Alderman, where he saw a display of English
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757:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland and Company. pp. 22–23.
694:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland and Company. pp. 20–23.
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172:, when Elizabeth was a youth. Albert was one of eight children.
179:, a nearby suburb of Boston. In 1846, he moved the family from
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known as the Columbia. By the mid-1890s, at the height of the
1074:"Popeism and Fordism: Examining the Roots of Mass Production"
1052:"1911 Pope-Hartford Model W news, pictures, and information"
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Kate Benisek, Brian Markey, and Aran Wiener (Winter 2009),
873:. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. p.
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796:"Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel Albert Augustus Pope, U.S.V."
471:. By 1899, the company had produced over 500 vehicles.
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Peddling Bicycles to America: The Rise of an Industry
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Peddling Bicycles to America: the rise of an industry
1289:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland and Company.
1247:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland and Company.
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brand. He managed his new bicycle business from his
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Outline history of the bicycle in the United States
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Colonel Albert Pope and his American dream machines
219:on September 7, and just ten days later, fought at
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633:Albert Pope Memorial Horse Trough and Fountain in
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1312:. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press.
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828:Also known as high-wheelers and penny farthings.
652:Following his death, some companies joined the
1214:"Hidden Gems Of Hartford And Tolland Counties"
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958:"Albert Augustus Pope, Transportation Pioneer"
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141:(May 20, 1843 – August 10, 1909) was a
1197:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
425:to agitate for and petition governments for
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250:New England Hospital for Women and Children
1083:. Vol. 31, no. 3. Archived from
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1508:Burials at Forest Hills Cemetery (Boston)
1336:The Movement for Better Roads: An Address
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452:1905 Pope Manufacturing Co. advertisement
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1518:History of cycling in the United States
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1270:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
1027:. Farber and Associates. Archived from
935:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
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209:35th Massachusetts Volunteer Regiment
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1528:19th-century American businesspeople
1025:"American Automobiles Manufacturers"
527:1901 Columbia Electric Advertisement
464:, in which he was also an investor.
319:from Bayliss, Thomas and Company of
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1523:History of cycling in Massachusetts
1180:, Conway School of Landscape Design
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656:. Pope's empire collapsed in 1913.
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160:Pope was born on May 20, 1843, in
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1212:Dehnel, Chris (4 November 2022).
1148:. August 10, 1909. Archived from
986:. Vol. 29. pp. 299–305.
802:from the original on 8 April 2008
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539:1903 Pope Automobile Company Logo
385:Promotion of bicycles and cycling
371:. Richardson and McKee owned the
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599:1914 Pope Hartford advertisement
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27:American businessman (1843–1909)
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272:Imports and the first Columbias
776:Goddard (2000), pp. 37, 41–51.
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394:ban against bicycle riding in
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331:magazine a few months later.
254:Massachusetts Medical Society
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1285:Goddard, Stephen B. (2000).
1004:"The Columbia Cars Are Born"
690:Goddard, Stephen B. (2000).
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621:He died on August 10, 1909.
611:Pope Hartford with Soldiers
288:Pope Manufacturing in Boston
7:
1533:Cyclists from Massachusetts
1377:Columbia Bikes Incorporated
1243:Epperson, Bruce D. (2010).
1050:Daniel Vaughan (Aug 2005).
896:Epperson (2010), pp. 31–33.
855:Epperson (2010), pp. 29–31.
846:Epperson (2010), pp. 28–29.
837:Epperson (2010), pp. 23–24.
753:Epperson, Bruce D. (2010).
654:United States Motor Company
479:but it was acquired by the
477:Columbia Automobile Company
444:Columbia (automobile brand)
438:Columbia Automobile Company
419:League of American Wheelmen
10:
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1498:Businesspeople from Boston
1355:Pope Manufacturing Company
1341:Pope Manufacturing Company
1304:Herlihy, David V. (2004).
914:Goddard (2000), pp. 73–74.
865:Herlihy, David V. (2004).
819:Goddard (2000), pp. 63–65.
767:Goddard (2000), pp. 35–37.
722:Goddard (2000), pp. 22–23.
704:Goddard (2000), pp. 28–30.
666:Pope Manufacturing Company
645:Pope donated the land for
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403:Massachusetts Bicycle Club
345:Pope Manufacturing Company
197:Pope Manufacturing Company
785:Goddard (2000), pp.60–63.
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1262:Flink, James J. (1988).
927:Flink, James J. (1988).
671:American Bicycle Company
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575:1910 Pope Waverley Coupe
551:1904 Pope Toledo Tonneau
483:by the end of the year.
481:Electric Vehicle Company
462:Electric Vehicle Company
215:. The unit crossed the
177:Brookline, Massachusetts
984:Business History Review
887:Epperson (2010), p. 33.
83:Cohasset, Massachusetts
81:Lindermere-by-the-Sea,
1488:American male cyclists
1416:business and economics
905:Herlihy, pp. 190, 192.
713:Goddard (2000), p. 30.
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94:importer, manufacturer
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469:Hartford, Connecticut
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297:Centennial Exhibition
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261:Newton, Massachusetts
181:Milton, Massachusetts
162:Boston, Massachusetts
63:Boston, Massachusetts
1308:Bicycle: The History
1090:on December 20, 2014
1031:on September 3, 2011
869:Bicycle: the history
211:, commissioned as a
139:Albert Augustus Pope
1478:Union Army officers
1145:The Washington Post
1006:. Hog River Journal
962:Connecticut History
423:Good Roads Movement
280:Columbia "Ordinary"
34:Col. Albert A. Pope
1513:History of cycling
1266:The Automobile Age
1115:The New York Times
931:The Automobile Age
638:
587:1911 Pope Hartford
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347:office in Boston.
317:Excelsior Duplexes
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239:Life after the war
203:American Civil War
146:Lieutenant-Colonel
102:Pope Manufacturing
1503:Cycling advocates
1362:First chapter of
1118:. August 11, 1909
1072:Norcliffe, Glen.
1054:. Conceptcarz.com
798:All Biographies.
473:Hiram Percy Maxim
458:Hiram Percy Maxim
301:ordinary bicycles
267:The bicycle years
213:Second Lieutenant
170:Norfolk, Virginia
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76:(1909-08-10)
59:May 20, 1843
1473:1909 deaths
1468:1843 births
1452:Connecticut
1220:. Patch.com
499:Pope-Toledo
433:Automobiles
245:Dock Square
18:Albert Pope
1462:Categories
1156:2008-04-25
1122:2008-04-25
1058:2012-01-16
1035:August 28,
1010:2012-01-16
947:Chapter 1.
806:2008-04-25
677:References
156:Early life
150:Union Army
55:1843-05-20
1428:transport
1404:biography
967:30 August
647:Pope Park
641:Pope Park
635:Pope Park
305:Baltimore
233:Knoxville
229:Vicksburg
123:Signature
1193:citation
800:Archived
421:and the
357:Standard
341:Columbia
337:Hartford
321:Coventry
221:Antietam
1390:Portals
1357:. 1892.
1343:. 1892.
1224:7 March
1184:7 March
369:Vermont
353:Special
325:England
303:. Some
148:in the
110:Colonel
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625:Legacy
231:, and
143:Brevet
115:Spouse
1218:Patch
1088:(PDF)
1077:(PDF)
617:Death
107:Title
1314:ISBN
1291:ISBN
1272:ISBN
1249:ISBN
1226:2024
1199:link
1186:2024
1096:2014
1037:2011
969:2020
937:ISBN
85:, US
71:Died
65:, US
49:Born
875:190
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