427:
first spin, Crossfield experienced vibrations, banging, and noise in the aircraft that he had never encountered with his instructor. He recovered, climbed to a higher altitude, and repeated his spin entry and spin recovery, getting the same vibration, banging and noise. On his third spin entry, at yet an even higher altitude, he looked over his shoulder as he was spinning and observed the instructor's door disengaged and flapping in the spin. He reached back, pulled the door closed, and discovered all the vibrations, banging and noise stopped. Satisfied, he recovered from the spin, landed, and fueled the airplane. He also realized his instructor had been holding the door during their practice spin entries and recoveries, and never mentioned this door quirk. In later years, Crossfield often cited his curiosity about this solo spin anomaly and his desire to analyze what was going on and why it happened, as the start of his test pilot career.
31:
414:
638:
495:
486:), a feat which North American's own test pilots doubted could be done, as the F-100 had a high landing speed. Crossfield made a perfect approach and touchdown, but was unable to bring the unpowered aircraft to a halt in a safe distance, and was forced to use the wall of the NACA hangar as a makeshift brake after narrowly missing several parked experimental aircraft ("with great precision," as he later wryly joked). Crossfield was uninjured, and the F-100 was later repaired and returned to service. Crossfield left NACA in 1955.
1779:
1615:
511:
of these tests establishing and validating initial key parameters. Crossfield was not only involved with the design of X-15 from the beginning, but introduced many innovations, including putting engine controls of the rocket plane into the cockpit. Previously, all engine adjustments resulted from technicians making adjustments on the ground based upon results of flight profiles.
526:
oscillation. He managed to set down the X-15 on the desert runway at the bottom of one of the severe oscillations saving himself and the airframe. On
September 17, 1959, he completed the first powered flight. Because of delays in the development of the X-15's mammoth 57,000 pounds force (254 kN) thrust
681:
In 1986 he created and funded the A. Scott
Crossfield Aerospace Education Teacher of the Year Award presented annually under the stewardship of the Civil Air Patrol during the National Congress on Aerospace Education later called the National Conference on Aerospace Education (NCASE). After his death
525:
On June 8, 1959, he completed the airplane's first flight, an unpowered glide from 37,550 feet. The flight was troubled as the flight controls had not been set up properly. As
Crossfield attempted to land the unfueled X-15, it went into what Crossfield described as "a classic PIO" or pilot induced
510:
and its systems. Once it was ready to fly, it was his job to demonstrate its airworthiness at speeds ranging up to Mach 3 (2,290 mph). Because the X-15 and its systems were unproven, these tests were considered extremely hazardous. Crossfield flew 14 of the 199 total X-15 flight tests with most
962:
issued a report stating the probable cause of his crash to be as follows: "The pilot's failure to obtain updated en route weather information, which resulted in his continued instrument flight into a widespread area of severe convective activity, and the air traffic controller's failure to provide
608:
where he served, until his retirement in 1993, as a technical adviser on all aspects of civil aviation research and development and became one of the nation's leading advocates for a reinvigorated research airplane program. In 1986, this House
Committee tasked Crossfield to be a member of the task
1082:
While he was celebrated as a daring test pilot, he claimed that his actual profession was an engineer. "I am an aeronautical engineer, an aerodynamicist and a designer. My flying was only primarily because I felt that it was essential to designing and building better airplanes for pilots to fly."
1066:
He was also most proud of his A. Scott
Crossfield Aerospace Education Teacher of the Year Award which is awarded annually at what is known as the "Oscar Night" in aviation, the Annual Enshrinement Ceremony Weekend at the National Aviation Hall of Fame held each year at the end of July in Dayton,
426:
Crossfield demonstrated his flight test skills on his very first student solo. His instructor was not available on the designated early morning, so
Crossfield, on his own, took off and went through maneuvers he had practiced with his instructor, including spin entry and spin recovery. During the
537:
Shortly after launch on his third flight, one of these engines exploded. Unable to jettison his propellants, Crossfield was forced to make an emergency landing during which the excessive load on the aircraft broke its back just behind the cockpit. He was uninjured and the airplane was repaired.
551:
demonstration program to a successful conclusion as he completed his final flight in the X-15. Although it had been his hope to eventually pilot one of the craft into space, the USAF would not allow it, and gave strict orders which basically amounted to "stay in the sky, stay out of space."
550:
that he began to have debilitating issues with his night vision after the accident) and the airplane was completely rebuilt. On
November 15 of the same year, he completed the X-15's first powered flight with the XLR-99 engine. Two flights later, on December 6, he brought North American's
466:
2.005). The
Skyrocket D-558-II surpassed its intended design speed by 25 percent on that day. With 99 flights in the rocket-powered X-1 and D-558-II, Crossfield had—by a wide margin—more experience with rocketplanes than any other pilot in the world by the time he left Edwards to join
458:. During one of his X-1 flights, the cockpit windows completely frosted and Crossfield was literally flying blind. Ever resourceful, he removed a loafer and used his sock to wipe a hole in the ice to spot his chase pilot. On November 20, 1953, he became the first to fly at twice the
704:' first flight on December 17, 1903. The training was successful, but the December 17, 2003 re-creation failed due to low engine power and the flyer's rain-soaked fabric covering which added considerably to its takeoff weight. The Wright replica ultimately flew successfully at
616:
In a 2000 public lecture, Crossfield described how the X-15 aeronautical calculations and design required computing power that filled four 10'x12' rooms. He went on to say that these very same calculations could be performed today on a notebook computer. He also hinted that
1015:
for his contributions in advancing aeronautical science—or any other discipline—more than once, let alone two consecutive years. He has been inducted into the
International Aerospace Hall of Fame (1965), National Aviation Hall of Fame (1983), the
562:
to remark that he would have pushed it to even faster speeds if he knew it was the last flight. In his remarks to a number of aviation groups, Crossfield cited the X-15 as one of few aircraft that caused grown men to cry upon its retirement.
566:
He remained at North
American as systems director of test and quality assurance in the company's Space and Information Systems Division where he oversaw quality, reliability engineering and systems test activities for such programs as the
541:
On June 8, 1960, he had another close call during ground tests with the XLR-99 engine. He was seated in the cockpit of the No. 3 X-15 when a malfunctioning valve caused a catastrophic explosion. Once again he was uninjured as Dr.
2053:
1702:
546:, NAA Medical Director, pried open the cockpit to save him and despite being subjected to a later calculated acceleration force of near 50 Gs (although Crossfield stated in the Discovery Channel's series
693:
In the 1991 Discovery Channel series Frontiers of Flight, Crossfield judged he "...probably had more centrifuge time, pressure suit time and pressure chamber time and all of that than any man alive."
558:
launch aircraft), one glide flight and 13 powered flights in the X-15. The retirement of the X-15 (due to funding cutbacks) after its record-setting Mach 6.70 (4,520 mph) flight prompted pilot
936:
Sheriff's department reported that debris from Crossfield's aircraft was found in three different locations within a quarter mile, suggesting that the plane broke up while it was still in the air.
621:
and his Scaled Composite company were performing pioneering work for a private aircraft to take-off from an airport, fly into outer space, and return to that airport. In 2004, White Knight carried
2013:
605:
586:
where he served as a division vice president for research and development and, subsequently, as a staff vice president working with U.S. military and civilian agencies on
2093:
711:
When asked to name his favorite airplane, Crossfield replied, "the one I was flying at the time," because he thoroughly enjoyed them all and their unique personalities.
696:
From 2001 to 2003, Crossfield trained pilots Terry Queijo, Kevin Kochersberger, Chris Johnson and Ken Hyde for The Wright Experience, preparing to fly a reproduction
1305:
1166:
1476:
2058:
2043:
1127:
1008:
1684:
1651:
2078:
2063:
2018:
2008:
571:
command and service modules and the Saturn S-II booster. In 1966, he became the division's technical director for research engineering and test.
308:, a son of Albert Scott Crossfield, Sr. (May 13, 1887 – October 21, 1954) and his first wife Maria Lucia Dwyer (March 8, 1892 – March 23, 1960).
1434:
1178:
Until 1949, the base was called Muroc Field, reverse spelling of the wealthy California Corum family who donated the land to the Army Air Corps.
1629:
682:
in 2006 and the shift of NCASE from an annual to biannual conference, Crossfields's daughter, Sally Crossfield Farley, moved the award to the
1740:
1280:
413:
30:
392:
1541:
637:
359:
trainers, and a variety of other aircraft. He married Alice Virginia Knoph (June 27, 1920 – September 23, 2015) on 21 April 1943 in
1619:
483:
403:
1713:
1262:
1244:
1641:
383:
in 1949 and 1950, respectively. Their son Paul Stanley Crossfield was born in 1952 while the Crossfields resided in California.
2083:
1149:
602:
1451:"NTSB Releases Final Report on Accident that Killed Famed Aviator Scott Crossfield – September 27, 2007 – accessed 2 Mar 2012"
2038:
1510:
2088:
2033:
1029:
959:
1693:
2068:
967:
directives, both of which led to the airplane's encounter with a severe thunderstorm and subsequent loss of control."
1450:
163:
2028:
1733:
1675:
1602:
1581:
918:. On April 20, authorities confirmed his body was found in the wreckage of his plane in a remote area of Ludville in
610:
1707:
1215:
1017:
705:
479:
1313:
1169:
Nueces County Clerk's Office; Corpus Christi, Texas. Accessed via subscription at ancestry.com on 6 February 2021.
1071:
1063:
Senior Members program. The terminal at the Chehalis-Centralia Airport (CLS) in Washington state bears his name.
964:
371:
in Seattle. From 1946 to 1950, he worked in the University of Washington's Kirsten Wind Tunnel while earning his
141:
2073:
1480:
683:
368:
2023:
399:
1726:
1655:
1056:
1681:
952:
579:
In 1961, Crossfield became division director of test and quality assurance for NAA's Paraglider project.
86:
1670:
1957:
1546:
948:
1424:
862:
418:
1626:
1004:
356:
320:
96:
1523:
1977:
1854:
1793:
1768:
1037:
1021:
980:
919:
828:
765:
468:
275:
132:
74:
1284:
940:
933:
929:
in the area when air traffic controllers lost radio and radar contact with Crossfield's plane.
847:
659:
407:
2048:
1007:(1962), NASA Distinguished Public Service Medal (1993), and was named Honorary Fellow by the
806:
531:
527:
431:
380:
360:
312:
2003:
1998:
1880:
1864:
1778:
1102:
976:
922:
769:
650:
519:
316:
302:
291:
54:
8:
1933:
1849:
1844:
1749:
944:
907:
851:
832:
746:
587:
555:
507:
372:
364:
348:
295:
267:
101:
1359:
506:
for North American, Crossfield played a major role in the design and development of the
1590:
1412:
1033:
1025:
911:
866:
494:
352:
332:
305:
255:
221:
124:
1834:
1598:
1577:
1506:
1052:
915:
736:
583:
559:
475:
455:
451:
376:
336:
239:
105:
1638:
1972:
1967:
1859:
1809:
1189:
1060:
947:, where he had given a speech to a class of young Air Force officers attending the
1408:
1925:
1824:
1688:
1645:
1633:
1438:
1382:"Hypersonics Before the Shuttle: a Concise History of the X-15 Research Airplane"
1045:
992:
701:
594:
1917:
1909:
1901:
1893:
1885:
1814:
1703:
Accident That Killed Famed Aviator Scott Crossfield, NTSB Releases Final Report
1041:
996:
642:
626:
622:
568:
515:
459:
263:
1338:
1992:
1839:
984:
773:
543:
340:
1454:
1059:). A ribbon named after him is one of the Aerospace Education Awards in the
1381:
926:
697:
687:
654:
463:
462:
as he piloted the Skyrocket to a speed of 1,291 mph (2,078 km/h,
344:
1012:
1000:
988:
755:
1269:. (Spokane, Washington). Associated Press. November 22, 1953. p. 1.
1051:
An elementary school was named in his honor near his last residence, in
2054:
Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents in the United States
903:
788:
671:
618:
503:
443:
298:
271:
259:
153:
136:
1718:
1167:
Albert Scott Crossfield in the Nueces County, Texas, Marriage Records.
1829:
1360:"The X-15 Rocket Plane: Flying the First Wings Into Space-Flight Log"
1088:
1281:"NASA Dryden Photo Collection: F-100A with nose through hangar wall"
1011:(AIAA) (1999). Crossfield is the only American to be honored in the
1952:
870:
686:
where it is presented during the Enshrinement Weekend each July in
447:
435:
1530:. Los Angeles, California. p. 840 – via Newspapers.com.
1070:
Crossfield received an honorary doctor of science degree from the
1961:
1343:
983:(1960), American Rocket Society (ARS) Astronautics Award (1960),
836:
751:
324:
530:
engine, the early flights were completed with a pair of interim
1614:
1150:"Scott Crossfield, first test pilot to fly past Mach 2, killed"
328:
906:
piloted by Crossfield was reported missing while flying from
598:
439:
629:, the first attempt by a plane since the X-15 cancellation.
1763:
1251:. (Washington). United Press. November 21, 1953. p. 1.
396:
279:
128:
1387:. Monographs in Aerospace History (18). NASA. p. 121.
554:
Altogether, he completed 16 captive flights (mated to the
266:. Crossfield was the first of twelve pilots who flew the
1571:
708:
after the Centennial jubilee but without media coverage.
262:. In 1953, he became the first pilot to fly at twice the
1597:, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington and London.
1503:
These We Honor: The International Aerospace Hall of Fame
1216:"The NACA, NASA, and the Supersonic-Hypersonic Frontier"
601:
activities in the United States. In 1977, he joined the
514:
It was during this time that Crossfield was part of the
482:
he was evaluating at the High-Speed Flight Station (the
1024:(1990), The Glen A. Gilbert Memorial Award (1990), the
2014:
University of Washington College of Engineering alumni
1156:. (Spokane, Washington). Associated Press. p. A4.
975:
Crossfield received the Lawrence Sperry Award (1954),
1418:
963:
adverse weather avoidance assistance, as required by
1542:"Famed aviator Scott Crossfield dies in plane crash"
430:
Over the next five years, he flew nearly all of the
395:' (NACA) High-Speed Flight Station (later named the
1020:(1988), the Virginia Aviation Hall of Fame (1998),
474:In September 1954, Crossfield was forced to make a
254:(October 2, 1921 – April 19, 2006) was an American
2094:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 2006
1009:American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
489:
410:, California, as an aeronautical research pilot.
1990:
1524:"Ground-Level Monuments Honor Heroes of the Air"
1671:Spacefacts biography of Albert Scott Crossfield
1032:(2000). Posthumously, he has been awarded the
1921:(spaceflight, program altitude record, Walker)
1682:Statement by NASA administrator upon his death
1572:Crossfield, A. Scott; Blair Jr., Clay (1960).
1734:
1595:At The Edge Of Space: The X-15 Flight Program
1398:Page 237, Astronautics and Aeronautics, 1967.
1639:Original NACA press release on Mach 2 flight
1477:"NTSB report CHI06MA115 accessed 2 Mar 2012"
625:to its successful launch and winning of the
1401:
393:National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics
1889:(first flight into the mesosphere, Walker)
1741:
1727:
29:
2059:Accidental deaths in Georgia (U.S. state)
2044:United States Navy pilots of World War II
1121:
1119:
1092:universe, Crossfield is honored with the
2079:National Aviation Hall of Fame inductees
951:. His funeral ceremony was held at the
636:
493:
484:Neil A. Armstrong Flight Research Center
412:
404:Neil A. Armstrong Flight Research Center
1748:
1379:
1333:
1331:
1143:
1141:
1125:
1096:-class of starships, one of which, USS
670:, a story of a rocket test pilot, with
2064:Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
2019:Florida Institute of Technology alumni
2009:People from the San Francisco Bay Area
1991:
1627:NASA Story on Scott Crossfield's Death
1521:
1431:article: Scott Crossfield Final Flight
1187:
1116:
603:United States House of Representatives
597:as a senior vice president supporting
1722:
1676:A. Scott Crossfield Elementary School
1522:Kaplan, Tracey (September 23, 1990).
1515:
1357:
1237:
674:Jr, and authored "Onward and Upward"
434:under test at Edwards, including the
1389:Appendix 9, X-15 Program Flight Log.
1328:
1306:"Former Pilots: A. Scott Crossfield"
1255:
1138:
1030:National Air and Space Museum Trophy
960:National Transportation Safety Board
1245:"Airman flies twice speed of sound"
1213:
1207:
1147:
1100:(NCC-1031), is the main setting of
606:Committee on Science and Technology
13:
1710:web site, retrieved March 25, 2008
1409:Famed test pilot missing in flight
609:group assigned to investigate the
574:
14:
2105:
1608:
1132:University of Washington Magazine
611:Space Shuttle Challenger disaster
1777:
1613:
1505:. Donning Co. Publishers, 2006.
1380:Jenkins, Dennis R. (June 2000).
1263:"New plane mark set at 1327 mph"
1018:International Space Hall of Fame
706:Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina
700:on the 100th anniversary of the
480:North American F-100 Super Sabre
347:. During this time, he flew the
1534:
1495:
1469:
1443:
1392:
1373:
1351:
1298:
1283:. Dfrc.nasa.gov. Archived from
1225:. NASA Technical Reports Server
1126:Spencer, George (Summer 2021).
1072:Florida Institute of Technology
1055:(a community just northeast of
1003:by President Kennedy in 1962),
965:Federal Aviation Administration
417:Crossfield in the cockpit of a
391:In 1950, Crossfield joined the
16:American test pilot (1921–2006)
1937:(spaceflight, fatality, Adams)
1929:(program speed record, Knight)
1694:Crossfield Not Warned of Storm
1273:
1181:
1172:
1160:
1148:Yee, Daniel (April 21, 2006).
939:Crossfield was returning from
684:National Aviation Hall of Fame
490:North American Aviation career
386:
294:, Scott Crossfield grew up in
285:
1:
2084:People from Herndon, Virginia
1565:
1501:Sprekelmeyer, Linda, editor.
632:
400:Dryden Flight Research Center
2039:United States Naval Aviators
1312:. 2016-02-24. Archived from
1188:Merlin, Peter (April 2006).
1057:Dulles International Airport
641:Crossfield at the launch of
593:In 1974–1975, he worked for
7:
2089:American flight instructors
2034:United States Navy officers
1714:Arlington National Cemetery
1708:Scott Crossfield Foundation
1190:"A test pilot's final dawn"
1086:In the 23rd century of the
985:Harmon International Trophy
958:On September 27, 2007, the
953:Arlington National Cemetery
582:In 1967, Crossfield joined
87:Arlington National Cemetery
10:
2110:
1958:Boeing B-52 Stratofortress
1897:(first spaceflight, White)
1547:Seattle Post-Intelligencer
949:Air and Space Basic Course
676:Research Airplanes, Act II
456:Douglas D-558-II Skyrocket
419:Douglas D-558-II Skyrocket
311:Crossfield graduated from
181:December 6, 1960
2069:Collier Trophy recipients
1945:
1873:
1802:
1786:
1775:
1756:
1678:near his former residence
1077:
970:
892:
884:
876:
863:Manassas Regional Airport
858:
843:
824:
805:
795:
784:
779:
761:
742:
733:Wednesday, April 19, 2006
729:
724:
649:Crossfield was played by
452:Douglas D-558-I Skystreak
367:descent and had attended
315:High School southwest of
290:Born October 2, 1921, in
245:
235:
227:
217:
209:
204:
200:
196:
192:
177:
169:
159:
147:
123:
116:
112:
92:
82:
62:
40:
28:
21:
2029:Aviators from California
1905:(spaceflight, Rushworth)
1652:"X-15 Pilot Biographies"
1358:Evans, Michelle (2013).
1134:. (Seattle). p. 38.
1109:
1005:John J. Montgomery Award
714:
381:aeronautical engineering
321:University of Washington
274:jointly operated by the
97:University of Washington
1978:Sub-orbital spaceflight
1794:North American Aviation
1769:United States Air Force
1620:Albert Scott Crossfield
1437:10 October 2007 at the
1249:Spokane Daily Chronicle
1038:Paul Tissandier Diploma
1022:Aerospace Walk of Honor
981:Iven C. Kincheloe Award
829:Prattville-Grouby Field
666:Crossfield co-authored
498:Crossfield in X-15 suit
469:North American Aviation
276:United States Air Force
252:Albert Scott Crossfield
75:Pickens County, Georgia
23:Albert Scott Crossfield
941:Maxwell Air Force Base
848:Maxwell Air Force Base
720:2006 Cessna 210A crash
646:
499:
423:
408:Edwards Air Force Base
2074:Harmon Trophy winners
1913:(spaceflight, Walker)
1622:at Wikimedia Commons
1528:The Los Angeles Times
902:On April 19, 2006, a
640:
502:As chief engineering
497:
432:experimental aircraft
416:
361:Corpus Christi, Texas
355:fighters, as well as
331:. He served with the
2024:American test pilots
1881:List of X-15 flights
1433:accessed 4 Oct 2004
1214:Hallion, Richard P.
1103:Star Trek: Discovery
977:Octave Chanute Award
955:on August 15, 2006.
925:. There were severe
520:Man In Space Soonest
369:Garfield High School
292:Berkeley, California
55:Berkeley, California
1750:North American X-15
1591:Thompson, Milton O.
1574:Always Another Dawn
1347:. 13 November 2012.
945:Montgomery, Alabama
914:, near his home in
908:Prattville, Alabama
721:
668:Always Another Dawn
588:air traffic control
548:Frontiers of Flight
508:North American X-15
373:Bachelor of Science
268:North American X-15
149:Previous occupation
1687:2020-10-27 at the
1658:on October 9, 2006
1644:2020-10-20 at the
1632:2020-10-27 at the
1413:Cable News Network
1034:Hoyt S. Vandenberg
1026:FAI Gold Air Medal
912:Manassas, Virginia
796:Aircraft name
785:Aircraft type
719:
647:
500:
424:
327:, then worked for
270:, an experimental
222:United States Navy
35:Crossfield in 1953
1986:
1985:
1938:
1930:
1922:
1914:
1906:
1898:
1890:
1618:Media related to
1511:978-1-57864-397-4
1415:. April 20, 2006.
1053:Herndon, Virginia
1042:Victor A. Prather
900:
899:
584:Eastern Air Lines
476:deadstick landing
377:Master of Science
337:flight instructor
249:
248:
2101:
1973:List of X-planes
1968:Hypersonic speed
1936:
1928:
1920:
1912:
1904:
1896:
1888:
1850:Robert Rushworth
1845:Forrest Petersen
1820:Scott Crossfield
1781:
1743:
1736:
1729:
1720:
1719:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1654:. Archived from
1617:
1587:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1519:
1513:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1479:. Archived from
1473:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1453:. Archived from
1447:
1441:
1422:
1416:
1405:
1399:
1396:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1364:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1335:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1292:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1267:Spokesman-Review
1259:
1253:
1252:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1220:
1211:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1185:
1179:
1176:
1170:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1154:Spokesman-Review
1145:
1136:
1135:
1123:
1061:Civil Air Patrol
722:
718:
534:rocket engines.
422:in November 1953
188:
186:
142:Astronaut-Select
69:
50:
48:
33:
19:
18:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2098:
1989:
1988:
1987:
1982:
1941:
1869:
1855:Milton Thompson
1798:
1782:
1773:
1752:
1747:
1698:Washington Post
1689:Wayback Machine
1661:
1659:
1650:
1646:Wayback Machine
1634:Wayback Machine
1611:
1584:
1568:
1563:
1562:
1552:
1550:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1520:
1516:
1500:
1496:
1486:
1484:
1483:on 20 June 2013
1475:
1474:
1470:
1460:
1458:
1457:on 1 March 2013
1449:
1448:
1444:
1439:Wayback Machine
1423:
1419:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1393:
1384:
1378:
1374:
1362:
1356:
1352:
1337:
1336:
1329:
1319:
1317:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1290:
1288:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1228:
1226:
1218:
1212:
1208:
1198:
1196:
1186:
1182:
1177:
1173:
1165:
1161:
1146:
1139:
1124:
1117:
1112:
1080:
1046:Donald D. Engen
1044:Award, and the
1028:(1994) and the
993:John F. Kennedy
973:
865:
850:
831:
820:
754:
750:
734:
717:
702:Wright Brothers
660:The Right Stuff
645:in October 2004
635:
595:Hawker Siddeley
577:
575:Civilian career
492:
421:
389:
319:, attended the
288:
205:Military career
184:
182:
164:1957 MISS Group
150:
140:
99:
78:
71:
67:
58:
52:
51:October 2, 1921
46:
44:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2107:
2097:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1955:
1949:
1947:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1931:
1923:
1915:
1907:
1899:
1891:
1883:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1835:William Knight
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1815:Neil Armstrong
1812:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1790:
1788:
1784:
1783:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1771:
1766:
1760:
1758:
1754:
1753:
1746:
1745:
1738:
1731:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1711:
1705:
1700:
1691:
1679:
1673:
1668:
1648:
1636:
1610:
1609:External links
1607:
1606:
1605:
1588:
1582:
1576:. Arno Press.
1567:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1533:
1514:
1494:
1468:
1442:
1417:
1400:
1391:
1372:
1350:
1327:
1297:
1272:
1254:
1236:
1206:
1180:
1171:
1159:
1137:
1128:"Death Dodger"
1114:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1079:
1076:
997:Collier Trophy
972:
969:
920:Pickens County
898:
897:
894:
890:
889:
886:
882:
881:
878:
874:
873:
860:
856:
855:
845:
841:
840:
826:
822:
821:
819:
818:
815:
811:
809:
803:
802:
797:
793:
792:
786:
782:
781:
777:
776:
763:
759:
758:
744:
740:
739:
731:
727:
726:
716:
713:
643:Space Ship One
634:
631:
627:Ansari X-Prize
623:Space Ship One
590:technologies.
576:
573:
516:U.S. Air Force
491:
488:
460:speed of sound
388:
385:
287:
284:
264:speed of sound
247:
246:
243:
242:
237:
233:
232:
229:
225:
224:
219:
215:
214:
211:
207:
206:
202:
201:
198:
197:
194:
193:
190:
189:
179:
175:
174:
171:
167:
166:
161:
157:
156:
151:
148:
145:
144:
121:
120:
114:
113:
110:
109:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
72:
70:(aged 84)
66:April 19, 2006
64:
60:
59:
53:
42:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2106:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1944:
1935:
1932:
1927:
1924:
1919:
1916:
1911:
1908:
1903:
1900:
1895:
1892:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1860:Joseph Walker
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1810:Michael Adams
1808:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1780:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1744:
1739:
1737:
1732:
1730:
1725:
1724:
1721:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:article from
1695:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1647:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1616:
1604:
1603:1-56098-107-5
1600:
1596:
1592:
1589:
1585:
1583:0-405-03758-9
1579:
1575:
1570:
1569:
1549:
1548:
1543:
1537:
1529:
1525:
1518:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1498:
1482:
1478:
1472:
1456:
1452:
1446:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1421:
1414:
1410:
1404:
1395:
1383:
1376:
1369:. p. 51.
1368:
1367:Mach 25 Media
1361:
1354:
1346:
1345:
1340:
1334:
1332:
1316:on 2016-03-05
1315:
1311:
1307:
1301:
1287:on 2010-06-12
1286:
1282:
1276:
1268:
1264:
1258:
1250:
1246:
1240:
1224:
1217:
1210:
1195:
1194:The X-Hunters
1191:
1184:
1175:
1168:
1163:
1155:
1151:
1144:
1142:
1133:
1129:
1122:
1120:
1115:
1107:
1105:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1084:
1075:
1073:
1068:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
999:(1961 at the
998:
994:
991:by President
990:
987:(1961 at the
986:
982:
978:
968:
966:
961:
956:
954:
950:
946:
942:
937:
935:
934:Gordon County
930:
928:
927:thunderstorms
924:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
872:
868:
864:
861:
857:
853:
849:
846:
844:Last stopover
842:
838:
834:
830:
827:
825:Flight origin
823:
816:
813:
812:
810:
808:
804:
801:
798:
794:
790:
787:
783:
778:
775:
771:
767:
764:
760:
757:
753:
748:
745:
741:
738:
732:
728:
723:
712:
709:
707:
703:
699:
694:
691:
689:
685:
679:
677:
673:
669:
664:
662:
661:
656:
652:
644:
639:
630:
628:
624:
620:
614:
612:
607:
604:
600:
596:
591:
589:
585:
580:
572:
570:
564:
561:
557:
552:
549:
545:
544:Toby Freedman
539:
535:
533:
529:
523:
521:
517:
512:
509:
505:
496:
487:
485:
481:
477:
472:
470:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
428:
420:
415:
411:
409:
405:
402:and then the
401:
398:
394:
384:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
363:. She was of
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
341:fighter pilot
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
309:
307:
304:
300:
297:
293:
283:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
256:naval officer
253:
244:
241:
238:
234:
230:
226:
223:
220:
216:
213:United States
212:
208:
203:
199:
195:
191:
180:
176:
172:
168:
165:
162:
158:
155:
152:
146:
143:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
98:
95:
91:
88:
85:
83:Resting place
81:
76:
65:
61:
56:
43:
39:
32:
27:
20:
2049:X-15 program
1865:Robert White
1825:William Dana
1819:
1787:Manufacturer
1697:
1660:. Retrieved
1656:the original
1612:
1594:
1573:
1551:. Retrieved
1545:
1536:
1527:
1517:
1502:
1497:
1485:. Retrieved
1481:the original
1471:
1459:. Retrieved
1455:the original
1445:
1428:
1425:
1420:
1403:
1394:
1375:
1366:
1353:
1342:
1318:. Retrieved
1314:the original
1309:
1300:
1289:. Retrieved
1285:the original
1275:
1266:
1257:
1248:
1239:
1227:. Retrieved
1222:
1209:
1197:. Retrieved
1193:
1183:
1174:
1162:
1153:
1131:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1069:
1065:
1050:
974:
957:
938:
931:
901:
817:msn:21057579
807:Registration
799:
752:Foul weather
710:
698:Wright Flyer
695:
692:
688:Dayton, Ohio
680:
675:
667:
665:
658:
651:Scott Wilson
648:
615:
592:
581:
578:
565:
553:
547:
540:
536:
524:
513:
501:
473:
429:
425:
390:
345:World War II
310:
289:
251:
250:
118:Space career
117:
68:(2006-04-19)
2004:2006 deaths
1999:1921 births
1339:"- YouTube"
1229:7 September
1036:Award, the
1013:White House
1001:White House
989:White House
904:Cessna 210A
859:Destination
756:Pilot error
560:Pete Knight
387:NACA career
379:degrees in
353:F4U Corsair
349:F6F Hellcat
286:Early years
1993:Categories
1934:Flight 191
1926:Flight 188
1840:John McKay
1566:References
1291:2010-12-09
1094:Crossfield
893:Fatalities
877:Passengers
852:Montgomery
833:Prattville
814:N6579X C/n
789:Cessna 210
672:Clay Blair
633:Later life
619:Burt Rutan
504:test pilot
454:, and the
306:Washington
301:and rural
299:California
272:spaceplane
260:test pilot
240:Lieutenant
231:c. 1943–46
210:Allegiance
185:1960-12-06
178:Retirement
154:Test pilot
137:Test Pilot
73:Ludville,
47:1921-10-02
1918:Flight 91
1910:Flight 90
1902:Flight 87
1894:Flight 62
1886:Flight 35
1830:Joe Engle
1757:Operators
1553:4 October
1098:Discovery
1089:Star Trek
1074:in 1982.
854:, Alabama
800:Centurion
735:11:10 AM
522:project.
471:in 1955.
365:Norwegian
333:U.S. Navy
313:Boistfort
303:southwest
160:Selection
93:Education
1953:Bell X-1
1685:Archived
1662:July 21,
1642:Archived
1630:Archived
1435:Archived
1320:12 April
1199:17 April
979:(1954),
871:Virginia
867:Manassas
780:Aircraft
766:Ludville
725:Accident
317:Chehalis
296:southern
170:Missions
1962:Balls 8
1946:Related
1874:Flights
1593:(1992)
1487:29 June
1461:29 June
1344:YouTube
1048:Award.
923:Georgia
916:Herndon
910:toward
896:1 (all)
837:Alabama
770:Georgia
743:Summary
653:in the
478:in the
343:during
325:Seattle
183: (
1803:Pilots
1601:
1580:
1509:
1078:Legacy
1067:Ohio.
1040:, the
971:Honors
839:, U.S.
569:Apollo
532:XLR-11
528:XLR-99
329:Boeing
218:Branch
104:1949,
77:, U.S.
57:, U.S.
1385:(PDF)
1363:(PDF)
1219:(PDF)
1110:Notes
749:error
715:Death
657:film
599:HS146
440:XF-92
406:) at
335:as a
228:Years
108:1950)
1764:NASA
1664:2004
1599:ISBN
1578:ISBN
1555:2007
1507:ISBN
1489:2020
1463:2020
1322:2016
1310:NASA
1231:2011
1223:NASA
1201:2013
932:The
885:Crew
774:U.S.
762:Site
730:Date
655:1983
556:B-52
464:Mach
397:NASA
375:and
351:and
339:and
280:NASA
278:and
258:and
236:Rank
173:None
129:NACA
106:M.S.
102:B.S.
63:Died
41:Born
1429:web
1411:."
995:),
747:ATC
737:EST
518:'s
448:X-5
444:X-4
436:X-1
357:SNJ
323:in
133:NAR
125:USN
1995::
1544:.
1526:.
1426:AV
1365:.
1341:.
1330:^
1308:.
1265:.
1247:.
1221:.
1192:.
1152:.
1140:^
1130:.
1118:^
1106:.
943:,
869:,
835:,
772:,
768:,
690:.
678:.
663:.
613:.
450:,
446:,
442:,
438:,
282:.
135:,
1964:)
1960:(
1742:e
1735:t
1728:v
1666:.
1586:.
1557:.
1491:.
1465:.
1407:"
1324:.
1294:.
1233:.
1203:.
888:1
880:0
791:A
187:)
139:,
131:-
127:-
100:(
49:)
45:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)