438:(long or short), and ":" is the caesura.) The first syllable in lines 1 to 3 is sometimes short (13 times in book 1), but usually long. The 5th syllable, unlike in Greek, is always long. There is almost always a word-break after the 5th syllable.
441:– – u – : – – u u – u – Antehāc nefās dēprōmere Caecubum – – u – – : – u u – u– cellīs avītīs, dum Capitōliō – – u – – – u– – Rēgīna dēmentīs ruīnās – u u – u u– u – – fūnus et Imperiō parābat. (
521:), on the other hand, putting an accent on the 4th syllable of the line, is not common: only 7% in book 1, 8% in book 2; and not found at all in books 3 and 4. But 3rd lines ending with a monosyllable + trisyllable (e.g.
498:). This puts an accent on the 6th syllable of the line. It is uncommon at first (only 5% in book 1 and 6% in book 2) but becomes more common in the later books (25% in book 3 and 30% in book 4).
478:
A notable feature of Horace's
Alcaics is the heavy word which usually fills the centre of the 3rd line. The most common pattern is for the line to end with a polysyllable + trisyllable (e.g.
488:). This puts a word accent on the 5th syllable of the line, which occurs in 67% of the lines. Another form of the line is to end in a polysyllable + disyllable (e.g.
600:'s Alcaic stanzas were usually turned into different forms. An example (perhaps the only) of an Alcaic stanza in Polish original literature is Stanisław Trembecki's
561:
The Alcaic stanza was adapted to use in
English and French during the Renaissance. It was very frequently used in Italian poetry of the 19th century, especially by
475:. For example, the short syllable at the beginning of the first three lines becomes less frequent in the course of books 1 to 3 and is not found at all in Book 4.
232:
803:
291:
The Alcaic stanza exists only in a few fragments of
Alcaeus's poetry. As used by Alcaeus it has the following scheme (where "–" is a
306:× – u – × – u u – u – || (alc) × – u – × – u u – u – || (alc) × – u – × – u – – || (alc ) – u u – u u – u – – ||| (alc)
225:
671:
218:
622:
531:) seem more acceptable, and form 20% of lines in book 1, 15% in book 2, 7% in book 3, and 11% in book 4.
471:
Certain developments can be observed in the Alcaic stanza over the course of the four books of Horace's
596:
which was extremely popular since the 16th century) Alcaics were used very rarely. Even in translation
61:
400:
427:
x – u – – : – u u – u – x – u – – : – u u – u – x – u – – – u – – – u u – u u – u – –
833:
663:
656:
76:
626:
614: Śnieżny ubiór i złotą przepaskę.
22:
630:
81:
8:
264:
279:, are two important forms of Classical poetry. The Alcaic stanza consists of two Alcaic
797:
575: trasvolata sorridendo via;
186:
156:
111:
71:
41:
562:
667:
618:
Trembecki's verse is syllabic (11/11/9/10). There is no accentual metrical pattern.
396:
250:
201:
181:
136:
757:"Rhythm in a Sinuous Stanza: The Anatomy and Acoustic Contour of the Latin Alcaic"
701:"Rhythm in a Sinuous Stanza: The Anatomy and Acoustic Contour of the Latin Alcaic"
462:
296:
292:
280:
196:
191:
171:
166:
86:
66:
51:
46:
634:
593:
272:
271:
from
Mytilene on the island of Lesbos, about 600 BC. The Alcaic stanza and the
256:
141:
116:
827:
792:
450:
161:
36:
31:
260:
253:
131:
96:
56:
817:
Adam Ważyk, Mickiewicz i wersyfikacja narodowa, Warszawa 1951 (in Polish).
554:
126:
756:
700:
621:
German has also used alcaics with some success. They were introduced by
807:. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 517.
612: Wieńcz twe skronie, wieszczą bierz laskę,
456:
368:
360:
352:
345:
206:
151:
540:
413:
4.5), the Alcaic stanza appears to have been used in Latin only by
146:
106:
101:
91:
565:. As in English, the meter is accentual rather than quantitative.
283:, followed by an Alcaic enneasyllable and an Alcaic decasyllable.
406:
551: God-gifted organ-voice of England,
597:
433:
414:
300:
276:
176:
796:
386: is to bring wine and get drunk.'
336:
328:
320:
313:
553:
467: and a funeral for the Empire.'
268:
688:
Sappho, Alcaeus, Greek Lyric, Volume I: Sappho and
Alcaeus
449:'Before this it would have been a sin to bring out the
430:(An "–" denotes a long syllable, "u" a short one, x is
263:
form traditionally believed to have been invented by
573: o Ebe con passo di dea
377:'We should not surrender our hearts to our troubles,
658:A Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory
655:
461: was preparing mad ruin for the
825:
534:
455:from our grandfathers' cellars, as long as the
383: Bycchis: the best of remedies
501:A tetrasyllable ending in the 3rd line (e.g.
424:In Horace the Alcaic stanza takes this form:
226:
522:
512:
502:
489:
479:
431:
233:
219:
380:for we shall make no headway by grieving,
791:
787:
785:
771:
769:
690:. Loeb Classical Library 142; pp. 372–3.
401:Odes (Horace) § Date of composition
763:, Vol. 133, No. 1, pp. 117–152; p. 128.
707:, Vol. 133, No. 1, pp. 117–152; p. 118.
547:O mighty-mouth'd inventor of harmonies,
539:A famous example of English Alcaics is
826:
653:
610:Przeszłego wiadom, przyszłości pojętny
549:O skill'd to sing of Time or Eternity,
782:
766:
686:Translated by D. A. Campbell (1982).
647:
637:and other 19th century German poets.
592:In Polish poetry (in contrast to the
309:An example, quoted by Athenaeus, is:
286:
511:) or double disyllable ending (e.g.
608:O ty, kapłanie Delijskiego świętny,
417:, who employed it in 37 of his 103
13:
777:A Commentary on Horace Odes Book 1
731:A Commentary on Horace Odes Book 1
718:A Commentary on Horace Odes Book 1
633:in his translations of Horace, by
582:(Giosuè Carducci, "Ideale", from:
571:da la tua còppa diffuso avvolsemi,
569:Poi che un sereno vapor d’ambrosia
390:
14:
845:
761:The American Journal of Philology
723:
705:The American Journal of Philology
347:ou khrê kákoisi thûmon epitrépēn,
275:named for Alcaeus' contemporary,
811:
354:prokópsomen gàr oudèn asámenoi,
315:οὐ χρῆ κάκοισι θῦμον ἐπιτρέπην,
749:
736:
710:
693:
680:
557:, a name to resound for ages!
370:oînon eneikaménois methústhēn.
367:
362:ô Búkkhi, pharmákōn d᾿ áriston
335:
322:προκόψομεν γὰρ οὐδὲν ἀσάμενοι,
1:
775:Nisbet & Hubbard (1970).
729:Nisbet & Hubbard (1970).
716:Nisbet & Hubbard (1970).
654:Cuddon, John Anthony (1998).
535:Imitations in other languages
405:Apart from a single poem of
338:οἶνον ἐνεικαμένοις μεθύσθην.
330:ὦ Βύκχι, φαρμάκων δ᾿ ἄριστον
7:
397:Odes (Horace) § Metres
10:
850:
394:
337:
329:
321:
314:
640:
62:Latin rhythmic hexameter
804:Encyclopædia Britannica
602:Ode to Adam Naruszewicz
755:Becker, A. S. (2012).
699:Becker, A. S. (2012).
523:
513:
503:
490:
480:
432:
77:Metres of Roman comedy
742:Raven, D. S. (1965),
395:Further information:
23:Greek and Latin metre
16:Four-line stanza form
631:Johann Heinrich Voss
82:Trochaic septenarius
733:, pp. xxviii, xliv.
359:
327:
287:In Alcaeus' poetry
187:Resolution (meter)
157:Anaclasis (poetry)
112:Asclepiad (poetry)
72:Saturnian (poetry)
42:Dactylic hexameter
662:. Wiley. p.
445:1.37, lines 5-8)
243:
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332:
331:
324:
323:
317:
316:
281:hendecasyllables
235:
228:
221:
202:Arsis and thesis
182:Biceps (prosody)
137:Galliambic verse
19:
18:
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844:
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798:"Alcaics"
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563:Giosuè Carducci
559:
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446:
428:
403:
393:
391:In Latin poetry
307:
289:
239:
192:Brevis brevians
172:Brevis in longo
167:Metron (poetry)
87:Hendecasyllable
67:Iambic trimeter
52:Alcmanian verse
47:Elegiac couplet
17:
12:
11:
5:
847:
837:
836:
820:
819:
810:
795:, ed. (1911).
793:Chisholm, Hugh
781:
765:
748:
735:
722:
709:
692:
679:
672:
645:
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635:August Kopisch
625:, and used by
606:
594:Sapphic stanza
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273:Sapphic stanza
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144:
142:Sotadean metre
139:
134:
129:
124:
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117:Sapphic stanza
114:
109:
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84:
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49:
44:
39:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
846:
835:
834:Stanzaic form
832:
831:
829:
814:
806:
805:
799:
794:
788:
786:
778:
772:
770:
762:
758:
752:
745:
739:
732:
726:
720:, pp. xl–xli.
719:
713:
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696:
689:
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675:
673:9780631202714
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558:
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543:'s "Milton":
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299:, and "×" an
298:
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284:
282:
278:
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258:
255:
252:
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247:Alcaic stanza
236:
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217:
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213:
208:
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162:Metrical foot
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122:Alcaic stanza
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37:Latin prosody
35:
33:
32:Greek prosody
30:
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24:
21:
20:
813:
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369:
361:
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308:
290:
261:Aeolic verse
246:
244:
197:Porson's Law
132:Anacreontics
121:
97:Aeolic verse
57:Archilochian
779:, pp. xlii.
744:Latin Metre
584:Odi barbare
518:posse rīvōs
127:Ionic metre
526:causae cūr
493:immānemque
267:, a lyric
746:, p. 146.
627:Hölderlin
623:Klopstock
485:Britannīs
481:Augustus
207:Catalexis
152:Lekythion
828:Category
541:Tennyson
528:perīrent
524:stetēre
508:vīperīnō
491:Tītānas
483:adiectīs
451:Caecuban
295:, "u" a
147:Dochmiac
107:Glyconic
102:Choriamb
92:Choliamb
514:prōnōs
506:coercēs
463:Capitol
407:Statius
265:Alcaeus
254:lyrical
670:
598:Horace
555:Milton
516:relābī
495:turbam
434:anceps
415:Horace
399:, and
301:anceps
293:longum
277:Sappho
177:Anceps
641:Notes
629:, by
504:nōdō
457:Queen
411:Silv.
297:breve
259:, an
257:meter
251:Greek
249:is a
668:ISBN
473:Odes
443:Odes
419:Odes
269:poet
245:The
421:.
303:):
830::
801:.
784:^
768:^
759:.
703:.
666:.
664:18
604::
676:.
586:)
409:(
234:e
227:t
220:v
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