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193:, Fort Learnard, and Fort Brumback. Engineers designed the concrete observation posts and command stations to withstand earthquakes and 100 mph winds. Although today, many of the bunkers and wooden structures of Fort Schwatka have collapsed, the gun mounts and lookouts are among the most intact in the country.
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In response to this
Japanese aggression, U.S. authorities evacuated 881 Aleuts from nine villages. They were herded from their homes onto cramped transport ships, most allowed only a single suitcase. Heartbroken, Atka villagers watched as U.S. servicemen set their homes and church afire so they would
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The
Russian Orthodox Church did much to alleviate the ills of colonization. Churches became the most prominent village structure and the focus of community life. Aleuts served as lay readers. They formed choirs, practicing the Orthodox liturgy in their own Aleut tongue. The Church became a sanctuary,
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by the United States in 1867, the Aleut found themselves classified as "Indians" and made wards of the government. Some Aleut worked fox and sheep farms for wages, others became construction workers or longshoremen, but almost all still looked to the sea for sustenance. The Aleuts' hardships lasted
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The
Unangan or Aleut people (as they came to be called) were once quite plentiful in their native corner of Alaska. But within 45 years after Russian contact, their number plummeted to a mere few thousand—the population had become decimated by warfare, epidemics, starvation and the exploitation of
273:, the westernmost island in the Aleutian chain. Both the Attuans and the Aleutian Islanders in general were wary of their proximity to this Japanese installation. "Some day they (will) come to Attu," predicted Attuan Michael Hodikoff. On June 7, 1942, Japanese forces invaded the United States by
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The Aleuts were transported to
Southeast Alaska and crowded into "duration villages." Conditions were harsh as there was no plumbing, electricity or winter clothes. Camp food was poor and the water was tainted. Medical care was inadequate, and pneumonia and tuberculosis were rampant.
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for over two centuries, culminating finally in the forced evacuation from their homeland during World War II. This was when the unique geography of the
Aleutian Islands—the link between east and west—again played a pivotal role in the area's history.
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its icons representing a spiritual dimension transcending the often harsh realities of life. The
Russian Orthodox faith remains a dominant force in modern Aleut culture. The present day
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289:. This changed forever not only the lives of the 42 Attuan villagers taken as prisoners-of-war, but the Aleut people as a whole.
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designated this a
National Historic Area as a way of educating future generations both about the history of the
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Buildings and structures on the
National Register of Historic Places in Aleutians West Census Area, Alaska
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to patrol in
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ever constructed in the United States. The other Army coastal defense facilities were
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University and college buildings listed on the
National Register of Historic Places
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in the 1800s (decade) that the Aleuts' rights were argued in Russian courts.
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receives funding and technical assistance for development and preservation.
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List of jails and prisons on the National Register of Historic Places
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Buildings and structures in Aleutians West Census Area, Alaska
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U.S. Submarines Through 1945: An Illustrated Design History
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Protected areas of Aleutians West Census Area, Alaska
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History of the National Register of Historic Places
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1206:National Register of Historic Places portal
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343:Harbor Defense of Dutch Harbor at Fortwiki.com
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500:– Ounalashka Corporation site
381:"Unangan History and Culture"
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235:Church of the Holy Ascension
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159:U.S. National Historic Site
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788:Keeper of the Register
645:1925 serum run to Nome
237:, built in 1895, is a
206:Ounalashka Corporation
198:United States Congress
136:Ounalashka Corporation
97:53.88889°N 166.52722°W
793:National Park Service
773:Contributing property
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167:Aleutian Island Chain
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695:History of Anchorage
667:Alaska Statehood Act
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267:Paramushiro
223:fur traders
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88:166°31′38″W
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840:California
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331:References
248:After the
191:Fort Mears
124:Authorized
85:53°53′20″N
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690:oil spill
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700:timeline
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456:(1995).
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319:See also
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52:Location
1162:Related
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860:Florida
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438:May 10,
408:May 10,
386:May 10,
306:S-boats
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875:Idaho
279:Kiska
157:is a
132:Owner
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628:Nome
470:ISBN
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366:2019
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