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conclusion that became a law of neuroscience. But in the late '50s, Taub and other researchers began to doubt that conclusion. They tested it by deafferenting monkeys and then forcing them to use their deafferented arms by putting a straitjacket on their good arms or by putting the animals in restraining chairs and giving them electric shocks if they didn't use the numb arms. Under duress, the monkeys did use the numb arms, thus disproving a basic tenet of neuroscience."
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designed to safely sterilize strays—without surgery. The objective is to end the cycle of suffering for the tens of millions of stray cats in the U.S. and end the cycle of suffering for the 600 million stray dogs worldwide, who give birth to over one billion stray pups each year. The organization is also dedicated to alleviating the plight of the 29 million people who are treated for
342:. It was the first animal-rights case to do so, though the newly formed PETA ultimately failed in its battle to secure the animals' release. The proceedings, which lasted years, generated a large amount of publicity for PETA, transforming it from what Ingrid Newkirk called "five people in a basement" into a national movement. As a result of the case, the
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274:. He sought Amory out after the talk and volunteered. Pacheco first crewed with Paul Watson on the ship for the summer in 1979 (and again in 2003), in the bridge, the engine room and as a deckhand, during the Sea Shepherd's first whale protection campaign, known as The Sierra Campaign, across the Atlantic, which ended with both the
217:, but while in Canada in his first year at the university, he visited a friend who worked at a meat-packing plant. Guillermo writes that he was shocked by the sight of two men throwing a newborn calf, cut from the uterus of its slaughtered mother, into a dumpster. Later in the week, a friend gave him a copy of
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After nearly a year of other efforts to stop the federal government from continuing to fund this laboratory, in July 1985 Pacheco led approximately 100 activists in a sit-in at the headquarters of the
National Institutes of Health, the federal agency funding the experiments. The sit-in lasted 4 days,
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In late 1983, Pacheco went to Falls County, Texas, to investigate reports of horses dying in fields. At least 14,000 horses had been gathered by a company called Horses
Unlimited, which planned to fatten them for slaughter and sale in Europe as horsemeat. Instead, 2,000 horses died of starvation, and
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He also worked with
Congressional contacts and the media in order to convince the military to make the change permanent and include other facilities and other species. In November 1983, Congressional representatives instructed the Defense Department not to use dogs and cats in any wound laboratories,
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Pacheco and others tried to aid the horses but were threatened with arrest by Falls County authorities, PETA told reporters. He took his investigation and evidence of cruelty to the national media in early 1984. State investigators called it "one of the biggest cases of animal abuse in the state's
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that supplied nerves to the fingers, hands, arms, and legs of 17 macaque monkeys – a process known as "deafferentation" – so that the monkeys could not feel them. (Some of them had had their entire spinal columns deafferented.) Taub used restraint and electric shock to force the monkeys to use the
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magazine, February 24, 1991: "Scientists had first deafferented monkeys in the 1890s in order to study how the nervous system controls movement. They observed that the monkeys no longer used their deafferented limbs and concluded that voluntary movement is impossible in the absence of feeling – a
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In 2010, Alex
Pacheco founded 600 Million Dogs with the mission to develop safe veterinary formulas to permanently end the number one cause of suffering and death for dogs and cats worldwide—dog and cat overpopulation. The first formulas in development are Spay and Neuter Cookies, which are being
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Police raided the lab, seized the monkeys and charged Taub with 119 counts of animal cruelty and failure to provide adequate veterinary care, the first such charges brought in the United States against a research scientist. 113 charges were dismissed at the first court hearing. Taub was initially
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magazine published an article alleging that
Pacheco's photo of a monkey in a restraint chair was "staged." PETA filed a $ 3 million libel lawsuit, which was settled out of court when the magazine agreed to issue an apology and donate an unspecified amount of money to animal rights organizations.
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Pacheco was the subject of grand jury investigations because he sometimes obtained information from, and served as the spokesperson for, the underground Animal
Liberation Front, which broke into animal facilities to remove animals, gather evidence of cruelty, and sometimes damage laboratory
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convicted on six misdemeanor counts of failure to provide adequate veterinary care. Five convictions were dismissed after a second trial, and the final conviction was overturned on appeal when the court ruled that
Maryland's Prevention of Cruelty to Animals law did not apply to researchers.
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In late 1984, after continued public pressure and completion of the review ordered by
Secretary Weinberger, the secretaries of the Army and Air Force banned the use of dogs and cats not just in wound labs, but in all biomedical and clinical research under their control.
405:. Weinberger had a collie, and when he read the article, he immediately banned the use of dogs in the experiments. Two days later, he also ordered the Pentagon to review the plans and suspend the shooting of pigs, goats, and other animals until the review was completed.
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As a result of his efforts, Pacheco was brought before a grand jury on criminal charges. He was represented by well-known defense attorney
Richard "Racehorse" Haynes, and the charges were dropped. The same month, the slaughter operation closed down permanently.
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During his 20-year tenure as chairman of PETA, Pacheco was involved in bringing public attention to the way animals are treated in cosmetic tests and in urging companies to abandon this practice. These campaigns resulted in major companies such as
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The videos, made by the researchers, showed baboons receiving severe head and neck injuries from a head-acceleration machine. The videos also included footage of the researchers laughing at injured, brain-damaged animals.
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He was also involved in informing the public about the treatment of animals used for fur. The publicity by PETA was considered by the media, the public, and some in the fur industry to have caused a decline in fur sales.
191:, but moved to Mexico with his family when he was very young, where he and his two siblings were raised near the ocean by his Mexican father, a physician, and his mother, an American nurse. Kathy Snow Guillermo writes in
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limbs they could not feel. He discovered that, when motivated by extreme hunger or the desire to avoid electric shock, they could be induced to use their deafferented limbs. The research led in part to the discovery of
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pigs and cattle without anesthetic. Guillermo writes that, as Ohio is an agricultural state, his activism met with stiff opposition and the occasional anonymous telephone call threatening to blow his head off.
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The family left Mexico when
Pacheco was in junior high, and moved between Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois. His interest in animals continued. He bought turtles and birds from pet stores, and a baby
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case began in 1981, when Pacheco took a job as a volunteer inside the Institute for Behavioral Research in Silver Spring, Maryland. Edward Taub, a neuroscientist, was cutting
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in his front yard, snakes slept behind nearby rocks, and fishermen regularly dragged dolphins out of the water onto the beach. Instead of animals being killed for food in
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plans to shoot dogs in a "wound laboratory" at a military medical facility near Washington, D.C. Pacheco had learned about the project and notified both Congress and
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and destroyed several hundred wire snares that were causing pigs and goats to die slowly of strangulation, starvation, and dehydration. The traps had been set by the
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Dixon, Jennifer (October 25, 1992). "WEEKLY FARM: Farmers, Researchers Hope New Law Chills Animal Terrorism". BC cycle. Advance.lexis.com. Associated Press.
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in an effort to preserve native species by killing non-native species. After this was publicized, the Nature Conservancy discontinued the trapping.
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that helped restore the use of affected limbs. Pacheco reported Taub for violations of animal cruelty laws based on the animals' living conditions.
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1351:"When the Feds Locked Up Jonathan Paul for Refusing to Testify, the Animal Rights Movement Gained an . . . : Accidental Hero"
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Subcommittee on Science, Research and Technology held hearings that led to the 1985 Animal Welfare Act, and in 1986 changes in
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publicly announced the termination of funding for the $ 14 million Head Injury Laboratory at the University of Pennsylvania.
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The end of animal farming : how scientists, entrepreneurs, and activists are building an animal-free food system
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who were undergoing experiments in the Institute for Behavioral Research in Silver Spring, Maryland. Filmmaker
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based on 60 hours of videotapes taken from the Pennsylvania Head Injury Lab by the underground organization
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ending animal tests on products sold in the U.S., and hundreds of other companies pledging to do the same.
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532:, awarded Alex Pacheco the Courage of Conscience award in 1995. In 2001, Pacheco was inducted into the US
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described it as "the first modern undercover investigation of farmed animal abuse" in his 2018 book
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270:, who was also the founder of the Fund for Animals, which funded the anti-whaling vessel the
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The legal battle for custody of the monkeys, following their removal by PETA, reached the
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each year, and preventing the deaths of the 59,000 people who die from rabies each year.
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whose job it is to oversee how laboratory animals within that institution are cared for.
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1198:"THE COLLAPSE OF A HORSE-TRADING DEAL: A TRAIL OF DEAD ANIMALS and FINANCIAL DISASTER"
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Richburg, Keith B. (October 4, 1984). "Army, Air Force Cease Tests on Dogs and Cats".
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One of the photographs Pacheco took inside the Institute for Behavioral Research, 1981
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1109:"An animal rights group today called on France to boycott United States horse meat".
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Saperstein, Saundra (July 26, 1983). "Military Plan to Shoot Dogs Raises Hackles".
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activist. He is the founder of 600 Million Dogs, co-founder and former chairman of
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Monkey Business: The Disturbing Case that Launched the Animal Rights Movement.
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Monkey Business: The Disturbing Case That Launched the Animal Rights Movement
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included a requirement that each institution seeking federal funding have an
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within the primate motor system and a new therapy for stroke victims called
203:, pigs, oxen, chickens, and turkeys were frequently killed in front of him.
195:(1993) that Pacheco's early life was filled with animals; bats lived in the
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Pacheco continued to raise public awareness of the issue through protests.
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writes that the political campaign to save the monkeys gave birth to the
131:
1172:"Del Rio News Herald from Del Rio, Texas on February 14, 1984 · Page 10"
573:"Developing a spay and neuter cookie – a cure for animal overpopulation"
235:
and devote himself to helping what he called "other-than-human beings".
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Pacheco came to wider public attention in 1981 for his role, along with
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1276:"90 Animal Rights Activists Stage Sit-In at NIH to Protest Experiments"
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The Mind and the Brain: Neuroplasticity and the Power of Mental Force
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He attended a Catholic university in Ohio, intending to enter the
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across the Atlantic Ocean, during a campaign of opposition to the
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1376:"AP FACT CHECK: Cosmetic companies didn't resume animal tests"
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In 1992, Pacheco and a staffer went to the Hawaiian island of
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At university, Pacheco organized campaigns against the use of
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1672:"Roots of Concern with Nonhuman Animals in Biomedical Ethics"
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101:
1327:"People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals | organization"
1219:. Allentown, Pennsylvania. AP. 4 October 1984. p. A.06.
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were sunk after being seized by the Portuguese authorities.
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1405:"Government Spends 6 Million to Promote U.S. Mink Industry"
1473:"Official concedes stolen lab animals in good condition".
104:
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one third of the rest suffered from severe malnutrition.
2973:
University of California, Riverside 1985 laboratory raid
878:"Snaring of Hawaii's Feral Pigs Angers Animal Activists"
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People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals v. Doughney
1581:"The Peace Abbey Courage of Conscience Recipients List"
451:
In May 1984, Pacheco compiled a 30-minute video called
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Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes
1971:
1654:. New York: Basil Blackwell, 1985, pp. 135–147.
1504:"Meet the Founder | 600 Million Dogs | Alex Pacheco"
1295:"The Rights of Animals and Requirements of Science"
469:after which Secretary of Health and Human Services
1451:. Allentown, PZ. AP. 3 October 1984. p. A.04.
642:Stone, Oliver. Foreword in Guillermo, Kathy Snow.
260:In 1979, he attended a talk in Columbus, Ohio, by
1020:
769:, September/October 2004, accessed June 26, 2010.
447:Pennsylvania head injury lab's baboon experiments
412:and the policy went into effect in January 1984.
123:(PETA) and a member of the advisory board of the
5117:
2352:List of international animal welfare conventions
1676:Institute for Laboratory Animal Research Journal
1600:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1423:"Furrier Seeks Chapter 11 Bankruptcy Protection"
1264:(Southland 2 ed.). 16 July 1985. p. 2.
1078:"2,000 Horses Starve as Plan to Sell Meat Fails"
1039:
759:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
709:
627:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
605:, Sea Shepherd Conservation Society. / Also see
4649:An Introduction to Animals and Political Theory
1461:
1245:"Animal rights group shows stolen videotapes".
909:Magazine, From the Editors of E. (2005-06-10).
362:Snare trapping of wild pigs and goats in Hawaii
91:The Peace Abbey Courage of Conscience (1995)
4080:
778:
2267:
1957:
1713:
1447:"ANIMAL RIGHTS LEADER SUBPOENAED FOR TAPES".
1215:"ANIMAL RIGHTS GROUP TO GIVE JURY EVIDENCE".
1023:"Hill Agrees to Prohibit Wounding Dogs, Cats"
662:
660:
658:
656:
654:
652:
610:. Archived from the original on June 23, 2009
377:
285:
2357:Moral status of animals in the ancient world
1987:Sea Shepherd Conservation Society operations
1660:Address to the 2007 Animal Rights Conference
1195:
714:. In Salvo, James; Washington, Myra (eds.).
502:Spokesperson for the Animal Liberation Front
5151:People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
4324:Animal Defence and Anti-Vivisection Society
4268:People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
2295:Topics (overviews, concepts, issues, cases)
1729:People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
1204:. Dallas Times Herald Service. p. A.8.
1123:
1004:"Weinberger is the Butt of Animal Protests"
1001:
819:
419:
356:Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee
182:
121:People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
93:Sea Shepherd Crew Member of the Year (1979)
79:People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
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1964:
1950:
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1583:. Archived from the original on 2009-02-07
1156:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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742:. Archived from the original on 2007-01-03
649:
477:Testing on animals; declining sales of fur
388:reported that Pacheco was responsible for
29:
4471:Media (books, films, periodicals, albums)
4408:Human Environment Animal Protection Party
1492:. Vol. 113, no. 11. p. 19.
680:
678:
676:
75:Founder, 600 Million Stray Dogs Need You
4529:Evolutional Ethics and Animal Psychology
2781:Pain and suffering in laboratory animals
1487:
1058:
908:
718:. Emerald Group Publishing. p. 68.
295:
2372:Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare
1229:
1021:Shapiro, Margaret (November 17, 1983).
765:, excerpted from "A Rehab Revolution,"
686:"The Great Silver Spring Monkey Debate"
89:U.S. Animal Rights Hall of Fame (2001)
5118:
2449:Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness
1488:Satchell, M. (1992). "Pursuing PETA".
1477:. Toronto. 4 January 1985. p. M1.
1292:
953:
838:Schwartz, Jeffrey and Begley, Sharon.
673:
4665:Political Animals and Animal Politics
4469:
4253:Massachusetts Animal Rights Coalition
4178:Centre for Animals and Social Justice
4079:
3055:
2585:Concentrated animal feeding operation
2362:Timeline of animal welfare and rights
2317:Animal rights by country or territory
2293:
2255:
1945:
1701:
1072:
1070:
956:"Rare Victory for Dogs' Best Friends"
772:
740:"Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy"
712:"The Controversy of Mind Over Matter"
4396:Animalist Party with the Environment
2678:Animal testing on non-human primates
670:National Press Books 1993. p. 30-33.
5126:George Washington University alumni
4820:Peaceable Kingdom: The Journey Home
3025:World Day for the End of Speciesism
1646:Pacheco, Alex and Francione, Anna.
783:. Viking Penguin. pp. 141–145.
510:
348:United States Public Health Service
319:constraint-induced movement therapy
13:
5141:American people of Mexican descent
4945:Relations. Beyond Anthropocentrism
4288:United Activists for Animal Rights
4198:Doctors Against Animal Experiments
2332:Animal cruelty–Holocaust analogies
1640:
1382:. Associated Press. Archived from
1102:
1067:
1042:"Animal Crusaders Briefed on Jail"
1040:Brisbane, Arthur (June 10, 1984).
130:Pacheco first crewed with Captain
115:(born August 1958) is an American
45:August 1958 (age 65–66)
14:
5202:
5156:Sea Shepherd Conservation Society
4489:On Abstinence from Eating Animals
4449:Animal Rights National Conference
4372:Animal Protection Party of Canada
4329:Canadian Anti-Vivisection Society
4183:Chinese Animal Protection Network
4108:American Anti-Vivisection Society
3582:Johann Friedrich Ludwig Volckmann
2337:Animal rights in Indian religions
2327:Animal rights and punk subculture
2281:
1973:Sea Shepherd Conservation Society
1906:Sea Shepherd Conservation Society
1682:
795:"MAGAZINE APOLOGIZES IN 3RD SUIT"
596:"Board of Advisors, Alex Pacheco"
282:being sunk, in Portugal in 1980.
125:Sea Shepherd Conservation Society
5161:American animal rights activists
5096:
5095:
4657:Animal Rights Without Liberation
4308:Voice for Animals Humane Society
3035:World Day for the End of Fishing
3030:World Day for Laboratory Animals
2460:Equal consideration of interests
1924:
1923:
1293:Boffey, Philip M. (1985-08-11).
1196:Lyon, Pamela (2 February 1984).
4378:Animal Justice Party of Finland
4263:Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics
3472:Karl Christian Friedrich Krause
3060:(academics, writers, activists)
2953:Monkey selfie copyright dispute
1608:
1573:
1562:from the original on 2019-10-21
1544:
1520:
1496:
1481:
1466:
1455:
1440:
1415:
1397:
1368:
1343:
1319:
1286:
1268:
1253:
1238:
1223:
1208:
1189:
1164:
1117:
1052:
1033:
1014:
1002:Brown, Chip (October 5, 1983).
995:
980:
947:
902:
870:
845:
832:
716:Studies in Symbolic Interaction
554:List of animal rights advocates
350:guidelines for animals used in
243:
167:case, a campaign to release 17
16:American animal rights activist
4601:Animals, Property, and the Law
2673:Alternatives to animal testing
2342:Christianity and animal rights
1667:, retrieved February 16, 2008.
787:
732:
703:
636:
589:
565:
163:, in what became known as the
1:
4238:Korea Animal Rights Advocates
2943:Cambridge University primates
2475:Ethics of uncertain sentience
1234:. Lantern Books. p. 198.
842:. HarperCollins, 2002 p. 161.
781:The Brain That Changes Itself
646:. National Press Books, 1993.
633:, accessed February 16, 2008.
559:
5191:Ohio State University alumni
5181:21st-century Roman Catholics
5176:20th-century Roman Catholics
5166:People from Joliet, Illinois
4298:UPF-Centre for Animal Ethics
2443:Argument from marginal cases
1796:PETA satirical browser games
1490:U.S. News & World Report
1247:UPI Archive: Washington News
7:
5146:American veganism activists
4585:Morals, Reason, and Animals
4213:Farm Animal Rights Movement
4163:Anonymous for the Voiceless
2847:International primate trade
2322:Anarchism and animal rights
1648:"The Silver Spring Monkeys"
954:Gailey, Phil (1983-07-30).
539:
340:United States Supreme Court
238:
10:
5207:
4705:Making a Stand for Animals
4577:The Case for Animal Rights
4228:Hunt Saboteurs Association
4188:Cruelty Free International
4158:Anti-Vivisection Coalition
2683:Animal testing regulations
1678:, volume 4, issue 1, 1999.
1111:UPI Archive: Domestic News
911:"Attack of the Feral Pigs"
767:Stroke Connection Magazine
534:Animal Rights Hall of Fame
378:Dogs at Pentagon wound lab
289:
286:Silver Spring monkeys case
113:Alexander Fernando Pacheco
102:https://600milliondogs.org
42:Alexander Fernando Pacheco
5091:
5064:
5011:
4961:
4901:
4894:
4860:The Ghosts in Our Machine
4715:
4697:Animal Ethics in the Wild
4480:
4476:
4465:
4441:
4352:
4316:
4133:Animal Legal Defense Fund
4100:
4093:
4089:
4075:
3912:
3631:
3624:
3427:William Hamilton Drummond
3369:
3078:
3069:
3065:
3051:
3012:
2991:
2930:
2880:
2822:
2794:
2786:Welfare of farmed insects
2731:
2663:
2555:
2548:
2413:Animal–industrial complex
2380:
2304:
2300:
2289:
2215:
2169:
2084:
2009:
2000:
1979:
1919:
1874:
1837:
1788:
1781:
1735:
882:Christian Science Monitor
710:Franks, David D. (2008).
523:
436:The End of Animal Farming
97:
85:
66:
56:
37:
28:
21:
4938:Journal of Animal Ethics
4804:Your Mommy Kills Animals
4193:Direct Action Everywhere
3597:Johann Heinrich Winckler
3542:Nathaniel Peabody Rogers
2999:Direct Action Everywhere
2703:Huntingdon Life Sciences
2688:Labcorp Drug Development
2645:Feedback (pork industry)
2610:Intensive animal farming
2347:History of animal rights
2240:At the Edge of the World
1230:Newkirk, Ingrid (2000).
420:Horse slaughter in Texas
344:House of Representatives
183:Early life and education
5186:Catholics from Illinois
5171:Activists from Illinois
5073:Holocaust on your Plate
4844:An Apology to Elephants
4625:Do Animals Have Rights?
4561:Animals, Men and Morals
4537:Better-World Philosophy
4414:Italian Animalist Party
4293:United Poultry Concerns
4248:Last Chance for Animals
4143:Animal Liberation Front
4030:Maud Ingersoll Probasco
2515:Replaceability argument
2433:Animal-free agriculture
1811:Holocaust on your Plate
1331:Encyclopædia Britannica
779:Doidge, Norman (2007).
666:Guillermo, Kathy Snow.
530:Sherborn, Massachusetts
459:Animal Liberation Front
105:https://alexpacheco.org
5046:Salvation of Innocents
4593:Zoos and Animal Rights
4168:Beauty Without Cruelty
4128:Animal Justice Project
3462:John Zephaniah Holwell
3116:Stephen St. C. Bostock
2693:Great ape research ban
2312:Animal rights movement
608:"All American Animals"
301:
179:in the United States.
177:animal rights movement
144:, a Portuguese pirate
5065:Fairs and exhibitions
4952:The Animals' Defender
4924:Cahiers antispécistes
4852:Speciesism: The Movie
4673:Animal (De)liberation
4633:Striking at the Roots
4545:The Universal Kinship
4505:The Rights of Animals
4426:People Animals Nature
4420:Party for the Animals
4233:In Defense of Animals
3995:Nina Douglas-Hamilton
3382:David Renaud Boullier
2968:Silver Spring monkeys
2867:Wild animal suffering
2776:Pain in invertebrates
2615:Intensive pig farming
2505:Opposition to hunting
2470:Ethics of eating meat
1911:Silver Spring monkeys
1670:Sideris, Lisa et al.
1652:In Defense of Animals
1202:Philadelphia Inquirer
306:Silver Spring monkeys
299:
292:Silver Spring monkeys
229:Ohio State University
165:Silver Spring monkeys
61:Ohio State University
4681:Sentientist Politics
4609:The Lives of Animals
4360:Animal Justice Party
4173:Born Free Foundation
4010:Lizzy Lind af Hageby
3884:Wendy Turner-Webster
3592:Adam Gottlieb Weigen
2814:Recreational fishing
2655:Ventilation shutdown
2423:Animal protectionism
2403:Animal consciousness
1992:1986 Hvalur sinkings
1900:Running of the Nudes
1124:Reese, Jacy (2018).
528:The Peace Abbey, of
187:Pacheco was born in
169:crab-eating macaques
134:in 1979 on the ship
5105:( 139 )
4931:Etica & Animali
4917:Between the Species
4641:An American Trilogy
4334:Humanitarian League
3945:Frances Power Cobbe
3557:Arthur Schopenhauer
3552:Henry Stephens Salt
3432:Edward Payson Evans
3126:Stephen R. L. Clark
2983:War of the currents
2872:Wildlife management
2766:Pain in crustaceans
2761:Pain in cephalopods
2035:Jairo Mora Sandoval
1061:The Washington Post
697:The Washington Post
402:The Washington Post
208:crab-eating macaque
4868:Unlocking the Cage
4689:Wild Animal Ethics
4513:The Ethics of Diet
4390:Animalist Movement
4366:Animal Politics EU
4278:Sentience Politics
3904:That Vegan Teacher
3517:Siobhan O'Sullivan
3502:José Ferrater Mora
3311:Steve F. Sapontzis
2804:Commercial fishing
2756:Pain in amphibians
2746:Cruelty to animals
2718:Operation Backfire
2557:Animal agriculture
2465:Emotion in animals
1650:in Singer, Peter.
1411:. January 2, 1992.
1299:The New York Times
1178:. 14 February 1984
1113:. 24 January 1984.
1082:The New York Times
960:The New York Times
939:has generic name (
691:2012-11-02 at the
601:2008-04-23 at the
550:, 1984 documentary
385:The New York Times
372:Nature Conservancy
302:
5113:
5112:
5106:
5087:
5086:
5083:
5082:
5054:Onward to Freedom
5022:Animal Liberation
5007:
5006:
4828:Forks Over Knives
4780:Peaceable Kingdom
4740:Shores of Silence
4732:A Cow at My Table
4617:Eternal Treblinka
4569:Animal Liberation
4461:
4460:
4457:
4456:
4348:
4347:
4283:Uncaged Campaigns
4258:Mercy for Animals
4223:Great Ape Project
4138:Animal Liberation
4084:(groups, parties)
4071:
4070:
4067:
4066:
4063:
4062:
3970:Elizabeth Farians
3879:Christine Townend
3819:Heather Nicholson
3744:Brigitte Gothière
3734:Antoine Goetschel
3620:
3619:
3281:Charles Patterson
3186:Gary L. Francione
3161:Josephine Donovan
3151:Daniel Dombrowski
3131:Alasdair Cochrane
3047:
3046:
3043:
3042:
2926:
2925:
2857:Predation problem
2741:Animal euthanasia
2650:Foam depopulation
2485:Insects in ethics
2249:
2248:
2165:
2164:
2043:John Paul DeJoria
1939:
1938:
1870:
1869:
1427:Los Angeles Times
1355:Los Angeles Times
1262:Los Angeles Times
825:Newkirk, Ingrid.
431:Jacy Reese Anthis
393:Caspar Weinberger
390:Defense Secretary
224:Animal Liberation
110:
109:
5198:
5104:
5099:
5098:
4910:Animal Sentience
4899:
4898:
4764:Legally Blonde 2
4724:The Animals Film
4478:
4477:
4467:
4466:
4273:Rise for Animals
4098:
4097:
4091:
4090:
4077:
4076:
3940:Edith Carrington
3844:Craig Rosebraugh
3804:Virginia McKenna
3794:Jo-Anne McArthur
3724:Juliet Gellatley
3629:
3628:
3587:Mary Anne Warren
3527:Humphrey Primatt
3512:Edward Nicholson
3482:Charles R. Magel
3447:Thomas G. Gentry
3306:Richard D. Ryder
3246:Thomas Lepeltier
3076:
3075:
3067:
3066:
3053:
3052:
3020:World Animal Day
2978:Unnecessary Fuss
2938:Brown Dog affair
2908:Animals in sport
2898:Animal slaughter
2893:Animal sacrifice
2832:Culling wildlife
2635:Wildlife farming
2553:
2552:
2398:Animal cognition
2367:Total liberation
2302:
2301:
2291:
2290:
2276:
2269:
2262:
2253:
2252:
2007:
2006:
1966:
1959:
1952:
1943:
1942:
1927:
1926:
1887:George (lobster)
1882:600 Million Dogs
1786:
1785:
1768:Anuradha Sawhney
1748:Ludvig Lindström
1722:
1715:
1708:
1699:
1698:
1661:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1622:. Archived from
1620:Arconference.org
1612:
1606:
1605:
1599:
1591:
1589:
1588:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1567:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1508:600 Million Dogs
1500:
1494:
1493:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1475:Globe & Mail
1470:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1434:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1380:Business Insider
1372:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1362:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1337:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1282:. July 16, 1985.
1272:
1266:
1265:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1242:
1236:
1235:
1232:Free the Animals
1227:
1221:
1220:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1183:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1155:
1147:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1096:
1074:
1065:
1064:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1018:
1012:
1011:
999:
993:
992:
984:
978:
977:
975:
974:
951:
945:
944:
938:
934:
932:
924:
922:
921:
906:
900:
899:
897:
896:
874:
868:
867:
865:
864:
855:. Archived from
849:
843:
836:
830:
829:. Lantern, 2000.
827:Free the Animals
823:
817:
816:
814:
813:
791:
785:
784:
776:
770:
764:
758:
750:
748:
747:
736:
730:
729:
707:
701:
684:Carlson, Peter.
682:
671:
664:
647:
640:
634:
632:
626:
618:
616:
615:
593:
587:
586:
584:
583:
577:600 Million Dogs
569:
547:Unnecessary Fuss
511:600 Million Dogs
471:Margaret Heckler
454:Unnecessary Fuss
189:Joliet, Illinois
150:The Sea Shepherd
49:Joliet, Illinois
33:
19:
18:
5206:
5205:
5201:
5200:
5199:
5197:
5196:
5195:
5116:
5115:
5114:
5109:
5079:
5060:
5003:
4984:Muutoksen kevät
4957:
4890:
4796:Behind the Mask
4711:
4521:Animals' Rights
4472:
4453:
4437:
4344:
4312:
4085:
4059:
3920:Cleveland Amory
3908:
3874:Darren Thurston
3869:Marianne Thieme
3719:Bruce Friedrich
3684:Joey Carbstrong
3669:Brigitte Bardot
3616:
3607:Jon Wynne-Tyson
3497:J. Howard Moore
3442:John Galsworthy
3422:Wilhelm Dietler
3365:
3361:Corey Lee Wrenn
3271:Martha Nussbaum
3181:Lawrence Finsen
3121:Paola Cavalieri
3096:Kristin Andrews
3071:
3061:
3039:
3008:
2987:
2922:
2876:
2818:
2790:
2751:Pain in animals
2727:
2659:
2625:Poultry farming
2544:
2376:
2296:
2285:
2280:
2250:
2245:
2211:
2161:
2140:Sea Shepherd II
2118:Brigitte Bardot
2080:
2019:Emanuel Bronner
2010:Current vessels
1996:
1975:
1970:
1940:
1935:
1915:
1866:
1846:Douche and Turd
1833:
1777:
1743:Bruce Friedrich
1731:
1726:
1685:
1659:
1657:Pacheco, Alex.
1643:
1641:Further reading
1638:
1629:
1627:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1593:
1592:
1586:
1584:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1565:
1563:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1536:
1534:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1512:
1510:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1486:
1482:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1460:
1456:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1432:
1430:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1409:Washington Post
1403:
1402:
1398:
1389:
1387:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1360:
1358:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1335:
1333:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1311:
1309:
1291:
1287:
1280:Washington Post
1274:
1273:
1269:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1228:
1224:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1194:
1190:
1181:
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1148:
1136:
1122:
1118:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1094:
1092:
1076:
1075:
1068:
1057:
1053:
1046:Washington Post
1038:
1034:
1027:Washington Post
1019:
1015:
1008:Washington Post
1000:
996:
989:Washington Post
985:
981:
972:
970:
952:
948:
936:
935:
926:
925:
919:
917:
907:
903:
894:
892:
876:
875:
871:
862:
860:
853:"Archived item"
851:
850:
846:
837:
833:
824:
820:
811:
809:
799:Washington Post
793:
792:
788:
777:
773:
752:
751:
745:
743:
738:
737:
733:
726:
708:
704:
693:Wayback Machine
683:
674:
665:
650:
641:
637:
620:
619:
613:
611:
606:
603:Wayback Machine
594:
590:
581:
579:
571:
570:
566:
562:
542:
526:
513:
504:
479:
449:
422:
380:
364:
352:animal research
315:neuroplasticity
310:sensory ganglia
294:
288:
267:Saturday Review
262:Cleveland Amory
246:
241:
201:slaughterhouses
193:Monkey Business
185:
76:
74:
57:Alma mater
52:
46:
44:
43:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5204:
5194:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5111:
5110:
5108:
5107:
5092:
5089:
5088:
5085:
5084:
5081:
5080:
5078:
5077:
5068:
5066:
5062:
5061:
5059:
5058:
5050:
5042:
5034:
5026:
5017:
5015:
5009:
5008:
5005:
5004:
5002:
5001:
4994:
4987:
4980:
4973:
4965:
4963:
4959:
4958:
4956:
4955:
4948:
4941:
4934:
4927:
4920:
4913:
4905:
4903:
4896:
4892:
4891:
4889:
4888:
4880:
4872:
4864:
4856:
4848:
4840:
4832:
4824:
4816:
4808:
4800:
4792:
4784:
4776:
4768:
4760:
4756:Meet Your Meat
4752:
4744:
4736:
4728:
4719:
4717:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4709:
4701:
4693:
4685:
4677:
4669:
4661:
4653:
4645:
4637:
4629:
4621:
4613:
4605:
4597:
4589:
4581:
4573:
4565:
4557:
4553:The New Ethics
4549:
4541:
4533:
4525:
4517:
4509:
4501:
4493:
4484:
4482:
4474:
4473:
4463:
4462:
4459:
4458:
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4454:
4452:
4451:
4445:
4443:
4439:
4438:
4436:
4435:
4429:
4423:
4417:
4411:
4405:
4399:
4393:
4387:
4384:Animals' Party
4381:
4375:
4369:
4363:
4356:
4354:
4350:
4349:
4346:
4345:
4343:
4342:
4337:
4331:
4326:
4320:
4318:
4314:
4313:
4311:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4153:AnimaNaturalis
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4123:Animal Justice
4120:
4115:
4110:
4104:
4102:
4095:
4087:
4086:
4073:
4072:
4069:
4068:
4065:
4064:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4057:
4055:Gretchen Wyler
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3985:Lewis Gompertz
3982:
3977:
3975:Emarel Freshel
3972:
3967:
3965:Muriel Dowding
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3916:
3914:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3906:
3901:
3899:Gary Yourofsky
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3814:Ingrid Newkirk
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3754:Charlotte Laws
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3679:Yves Bonnardel
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3654:Martin Balluch
3651:
3646:
3641:
3635:
3633:
3626:
3622:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3602:Steven M. Wise
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
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3549:
3547:Bernard Rollin
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3507:Leonard Nelson
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3221:Kyle Johannsen
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3146:David DeGrazia
3143:
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3133:
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2958:Pit of despair
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2888:Abandoned pets
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2733:Animal welfare
2729:
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2710:
2708:Model organism
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
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2680:
2675:
2669:
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2665:Animal testing
2661:
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2647:
2642:
2640:Working animal
2637:
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2630:Slaughterhouse
2627:
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2612:
2607:
2605:Insect farming
2602:
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2565:Animal product
2561:
2559:
2550:
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2520:Sentiocentrism
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2428:Animal welfare
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2187:Cate Faehrmann
2184:
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2143:
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2133:Sea Shepherd I
2129:
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2105:
2097:
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2085:Former vessels
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2078:
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2030:
2022:
2013:
2011:
2004:
2002:Neptune's Navy
1998:
1997:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1983:
1981:
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1823:
1819:I Am an Animal
1815:
1807:
1803:Meet Your Meat
1799:
1792:
1790:
1783:
1779:
1778:
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1775:
1773:Gary Yourofsky
1770:
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1758:Ingrid Newkirk
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1684:
1683:External links
1681:
1680:
1679:
1668:
1655:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1636:
1616:"Hall Of Fame"
1607:
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1480:
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1396:
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1260:"The Nation".
1252:
1249:. 30 May 1984.
1237:
1222:
1207:
1188:
1176:Newspapers.com
1163:
1134:
1116:
1101:
1084:. 1984-01-29.
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994:
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884:. 1994-01-05.
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801:. 1991-10-17.
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478:
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429:history", and
421:
418:
382:In July 1983,
379:
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363:
360:
290:Main article:
287:
284:
245:
242:
240:
237:
233:Columbus, Ohio
184:
181:
161:Ingrid Newkirk
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67:Known for
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5132:
5131:Living people
5129:
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5102:
5094:
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5043:
5040:
5039:
5035:
5032:
5031:
5030:Tame Yourself
5027:
5024:
5023:
5019:
5018:
5016:
5014:
5010:
5000:
4999:
4995:
4993:
4992:
4991:No Compromise
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4492:(3rd century)
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4422:(Netherlands)
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4148:Animal Rising
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4118:Animal Ethics
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4018:
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4015:Jessie Mackay
4013:
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3990:James Granger
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3894:Louise Wallis
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3854:Jasmin Singer
3852:
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3849:Nathan Runkle
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3834:David Olivier
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3689:Aymeric Caron
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3562:Laurids Smith
3560:
3558:
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3532:James Rachels
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3477:John Lawrence
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3387:Brigid Brophy
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3351:Tatjana Višak
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3341:David Sztybel
3339:
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3336:Cass Sunstein
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3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
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3301:Mark Rowlands
3299:
3297:
3296:Evelyn Pluhar
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3251:Andrew Linzey
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3236:Will Kymlicka
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3216:Dale Jamieson
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3212:
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3196:Valéry Giroux
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3191:Robert Garner
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3156:Sue Donaldson
3154:
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3142:
3139:
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3136:J. M. Coetzee
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
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3122:
3119:
3117:
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3109:
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3101:Tom Beauchamp
3099:
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3018:
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3015:
3011:
3005:
3004:Hunt sabotage
3002:
3000:
2997:
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2992:Methodologies
2990:
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2837:Hare coursing
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2580:Chick culling
2578:
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2571:
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2566:
2563:
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2560:
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2554:
2551:
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2540:Vegetarianism
2538:
2536:
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2531:
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4208:Every Animal
4101:Contemporary
4050:Andrew Tyler
4040:Nell Shipman
3980:André Géraud
3889:Jerry Vlasak
3864:Lynda Stoner
3839:Alex Pacheco
3838:
3769:Evanna Lynch
3764:Howard Lyman
3749:Wayne Hsiung
3709:Chris DeRose
3699:Rod Coronado
3632:Contemporary
3572:Thomas Tryon
3492:Mary Midgley
3487:Jean Meslier
3467:Soame Jenyns
3457:John Hildrop
3452:Arthur Helps
3417:Richard Dean
3392:Peter Buchan
3331:Gary Steiner
3326:Peter Singer
3321:JĂ©rĂ´me Segal
3286:David Pearce
3276:Clare Palmer
3266:David Nibert
3256:Clair Linzey
3166:Joan Dunayer
3091:Aysha Akhtar
3079:Contemporary
2948:McLibel case
2903:Animal trial
2862:Seal hunting
2824:Wild animals
2809:Fishing bait
2771:Pain in fish
2590:Fish farming
2570:Battery cage
2490:Meat paradox
2447:
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2238:
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2206:
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2192:Pete Bethune
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2026:
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1825:
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1624:the original
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1449:Morning Call
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1442:
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1429:. 1989-12-30
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1357:. 1993-05-10
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137:Sea Shepherd
135:
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5136:1958 births
4895:Periodicals
4772:The Meatrix
4748:The Witness
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4336:(1891–1919)
4218:Faunalytics
4045:Henry Spira
4035:Hans Ruesch
4025:Jill Phipps
4020:Norm Phelps
4000:Barry Horne
3960:Royal Dixon
3955:Karen Davis
3935:Ernest Bell
3829:Ric O'Barry
3824:Jack Norris
3789:Dan Mathews
3694:Jake Conroy
3664:Barbi Twins
3639:James Aspey
3577:Gary Varner
3567:John Styles
3407:Henry Crowe
3356:Paul Waldau
3346:Michael Tye
3241:Renan Larue
3226:Melanie Joy
3211:Oscar Horta
3206:John Hadley
3176:Catia Faria
3171:Mylan Engel
3141:Alice Crary
3111:Steven Best
3106:Marc Bekoff
3072:and writers
3013:Observances
2918:Live export
2852:Ivory trade
2723:Vivisection
2698:Green Scare
2595:Fur farming
2500:Open rescue
2495:Nonviolence
2177:Paul Watson
2156:White Holly
2148:Steve Irwin
1798:(2001-2015)
1753:Dan Mathews
1556:www.who.int
1532:www.who.int
507:equipment.
148:ship. Both
132:Paul Watson
5120:Categories
4884:Seaspiracy
4788:Earthlings
4428:(Portugal)
4402:DierAnimal
4317:Historical
4113:Animal Aid
4005:Marie Huot
3950:Joan Court
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3913:Historical
3799:LuĂsa Mell
3779:Keith Mann
3774:Bill Maher
3759:Ronnie Lee
3729:Tal Gilboa
3704:Karen Dawn
3644:Greg Avery
3522:Rod Preece
3437:T. Forster
3397:Mona Caird
3370:Historical
3231:Hilda Kean
3201:Lori Gruen
2535:Vegaphobia
2525:Speciesism
2418:Animal law
2231:Whale Wars
2224:Whale Wars
2110:Bob Barker
1980:Operations
1630:2016-12-06
1587:2007-11-03
1566:2021-01-03
1537:2021-01-03
1513:2020-02-11
1433:2019-08-04
1390:2019-08-04
1361:2019-08-04
1336:2019-08-04
1312:2019-08-04
1182:2019-08-04
1144:1023099335
1128:. Boston.
1095:2019-08-04
973:2019-08-04
920:2019-08-04
895:2019-08-04
863:2008-02-16
812:2019-08-17
746:2010-07-01
614:2012-05-05
582:2020-02-12
560:References
254:castrating
215:priesthood
5038:Manifesto
4977:Bite Back
4962:Magazines
4836:Vegucated
4434:(Germany)
4432:V-ParteiÂł
4410:(Germany)
4404:(Belgium)
4380:(Finland)
4203:Equanimal
3809:Morrissey
3784:Jim Mason
3739:Mark Gold
3674:Gene Baur
3649:Matt Ball
3625:Activists
3537:Tom Regan
3316:Jeff Sebo
3261:Dan Lyons
3070:Academics
3058:Advocates
2913:Live food
2713:Nafovanny
2620:Livestock
2600:Fur trade
2575:Bile bear
2510:Personism
2305:Overviews
2197:Pia Klemp
2182:Bob Brown
1861:Icy Chain
1307:0362-4331
1152:cite book
1090:0362-4331
968:0362-4331
890:0882-7729
807:0190-8286
328:In 1990,
73:advocacy
5101:Category
4970:Arkangel
4902:Journals
4876:Dominion
4812:The Cove
4442:Activism
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3612:Voltaire
2530:Veganism
2480:Ethology
2381:Concepts
2233:episodes
2229:List of
2154:MV
2146:MY
2116:MV
2108:MY
2100:MY
2092:MY
2073:MV
2065:MY
2057:MY
2049:RV
2041:MY
2033:MY
2025:MY
2017:MV
1930:Category
1863:" (2022)
1848:" (2004)
1596:cite web
1560:Archived
1552:"Rabies"
1528:"Rabies"
929:cite web
755:cite web
689:Archived
623:cite web
599:Archived
540:See also
492:Benetton
397:Pentagon
395:halting
278:and the
239:Activism
152:and the
4416:(Italy)
4398:(Spain)
4392:(Italy)
4353:Parties
2842:Hunting
2796:Fishing
2455:Carnism
2102:Alchemy
2094:Ady Gil
2075:Sharpie
1902:(2002—)
1875:Related
1665:YouTube
368:Molokai
264:of the
146:whaling
98:Website
5103:
5076:(2003)
5057:(2014)
5049:(2014)
5041:(2008)
5033:(1991)
5025:(1987)
5013:Albums
4887:(2021)
4879:(2018)
4871:(2016)
4863:(2013)
4855:(2013)
4847:(2013)
4839:(2011)
4831:(2011)
4823:(2009)
4815:(2009)
4807:(2007)
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4767:(2003)
4759:(2002)
4751:(2000)
4743:(2000)
4735:(1998)
4727:(1981)
4708:(2022)
4700:(2022)
4692:(2020)
4684:(2018)
4676:(2016)
4668:(2014)
4660:(2012)
4652:(2010)
4644:(2009)
4636:(2008)
4628:(2005)
4620:(2001)
4612:(1999)
4604:(1995)
4596:(1993)
4588:(1987)
4580:(1983)
4572:(1975)
4564:(1971)
4556:(1907)
4548:(1906)
4540:(1899)
4532:(1897)
4524:(1892)
4516:(1883)
4508:(1838)
4500:(1824)
4094:Groups
2549:Issues
2393:Ahimsa
2170:People
1896:(2001)
1856:(2007)
1838:Others
1830:(2015)
1822:(2007)
1814:(2003)
1806:(2002)
1736:People
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524:Awards
518:rabies
490:, and
488:Revlon
280:Sierra
154:Sierra
142:Sierra
86:Awards
81:(PETA)
51:, U.S.
4998:Satya
4716:Films
4481:Books
4303:Viva!
2931:Cases
2881:Other
2216:Media
1782:Media
4243:L214
2963:SHAC
1853:Seed
1789:PETA
1693:IMDb
1602:link
1303:ISSN
1158:link
1140:OCLC
1130:ISBN
1086:ISSN
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761:link
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