2965:
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1810:
1502:
3102:
1973:
447:
2466:
3182:
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1962:
1680:
3143:
3200:
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258:
52:
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1993:
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88:
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1307:('teachers’ association'), who rented space on the ground floor of the building out to a pastry shop and restaurant to raise funds for the association. The building housed the teachers' library which survived two world wars, and today is integrated into the library for educational historical research. The rear of the property contained the association's administrative building, a hotel for members and an exhibition hall. Notable events that took place in the hall include the funeral services for
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3004:
66:
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2422:(now the Hotel Park-Inn), with the site to be replaced by three skyscrapers. If and when this plan will be implemented is unclear, especially since the hotel tower received a new façade as recently as in 2005, and the occupancy rates of the hotel are very good. However, the plans could give way in the next few years to a suggested 35-metre (115 ft) high new block conversion. The previous main tenant of the development, Saturn, moved into the
973:
390:
379:
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2103:. The final plans emerged from a design competition launched by the state of Berlin in 2004. However, the paving work was temporarily interrupted a few months after the start of construction by the 2006 FIFA World Cup and all excavation pits had to be provisionally asphalted over. The construction work could only be completed at the end of 2007.
69:
68:
73:
72:
67:
74:
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The first concrete plans for the construction of a high-rise were made by Hines, the investor behind die mitte. In 2009, the construction of a 150-metre (490 ft) high tower to be built behind die mitte was announced. On 12 September 2011, a slightly modified development plan was presented, which
2435:
The majority of the planned 150-metre (490 ft) high skyscrapers will probably never be built. The state of Berlin has announced that it will not enforce the corresponding urban development contracts against the market. Of the 13 planned skyscrapers, 10 remained as of 2008, after modifications to
1650:
One structure demolished after World War II was the 'Rote Burg', a red brick building with round arches, previously used as police and
Gestapo headquarters. The huge construction project began in 1886 and was completed in 1890; it was one of Berlin's largest buildings. The 'castle' suffered extensive
1009:
continued to grow throughout the 19th century, with three-storey developments already existing at the beginning of the century and fourth storeys being constructed from the middle of the century. By the end of the century, most of the buildings were already five storeys high. The large factories and
1849:
In the first phase, there were 16 submissions, five of which were selected for the second phase of the competition. These five architects had to adapt their plans to detailed requirements. For example, the return of the Alex's trams was planned, with the implementation to be made in several stages.
2052:
department store in 2004, and the biggest underground railway station of Berlin, some buildings were redesigned and new structures built on the square's south-eastern side. Sidewalks were expanded to shrink one of the avenues, a new underground garage was built, and commuter tunnels meant to keep
71:
1413:. Many of the buildings and rail bridges surrounding the platz bore large billboards that illuminated the night. The Berlin cigarette company Manoli had a famous billboard at the time which contained a ring of neon tubes that constantly circled a black ball. The proverbial "
898:. The foundation stone was laid on 31 August 1823 and the opening ceremony occurred on 4 August 1824. Sales were poor, forcing the theatre to close on 3 June 1851. Thereafter, the building was used for wool storage, then as a tenement building, and finally as an inn called
3753:
1632:
underground station. Many of those seeking shelter in the tunnels were killed. Of the then 63.3 km (39.3 miles) of subway tunnel, around 19.8 km (12.3 mi) were flooded with more than one million cubic meters (260,000,000 US gal) of water.
724:
had been developed. It consisted of irregular-shaped blocks of buildings running along the historic highways which once carried goods in various directions out of the gate. At this time, the area contained large factories (silk and wool), such as the
2436:
the plans – eight of which had construction rights. Some investors in the Alexa shopping centre announced several times since 2007 that they would sell their respective shares in the plot to an investor interested in building a high-rise building.
1839:
and architecture of the 1970s no longer corresponded to the current ideas of an inner-city square. Investors demanded planning security for their construction projects. After initial discussions with the public, the goal quickly arose to reinstate
1654:
Reconstruction planning for post-war Berlin gave priority to the dedicated space to accommodate the rapidly growing motor traffic in inner-city thoroughfares. This idea of a traffic-orientated city was already based on considerations and plans by
514:. The new fortress contained 13 bastions connected by ramparts and was preceded by a moat measuring up to 50 metres (160 ft) wide. Within the new fortress, many of the historic city wall gates were closed. For example, the southeastern
2121:
was given a pavement of yellow granite, bordered by grey mosaic paving around the buildings. Wall AG modernized the 1920s-era underground toilets at a cost of 750,000 euros. The total redesign cost amounted to around 8.7 million euros.
1225:
department store underwent further construction phases and, in 1911, had a commercial space of 7,300 square metres (79,000 sq ft) and the longest department store façade in the world at 250 metres (820 ft) in length.
2449:. Architects, city planners and Senate officials held open discussions. On that occasion, however, it was reiterated that the plans for high-rise developments were not up for debate. According to the master plan of the architect
605:
By the end of the 17th century, 600 to 700 families lived in this area. They included butchers, cattle herders, shepherds and dairy farmers. The George chapel was upgraded to the George church and received its own preacher.
527:, granted cheaper plots of land, waiving the basic interest rate, in the area in front of the Georgian Gate. Settlements grew rapidly and a weekly cattle market was established on the square in front of the Gate.
464:
The George Gate became the most important of Berlin's city gates during the 16th century, being the main entry point for goods arriving along the roads to the north and north-east of the city, for example from
259:
70:
750:
was separated from traffic by trees and served as a parade ground, whereas the northern half remained a market. Beginning in the mid-18th century, the most important wool market in
Germany was held in
731:(one of Berlin's first cloth factories, located in a former barn) and a workhouse established in 1758 for beggars and homeless people, where the inmates worked a man-powered treadmill to turn a mill.
2236:
3754:"Am Alexanderplatz wurde drei Jahre lang ein unterirdisches Parkhaus gebaut, es eröffnet Ende November. Doch viele Straßen und Gehwege sind noch nicht fertig: Schmale Straße und tiefe Garage"
1846:'s tram network for better connections to surrounding city quarters. In 1993, an urban planning ideas competition for architects took place to redesign the square and its surrounding area.
2186:
station, next to the CUBIX cinema in the immediate vicinity of the TV tower, the 30-metre (98 ft) high residential and commercial building, Alea 101, was built between 2012 and 2014.
1651:
damage during 1944-45 and was demolished in 1957. The site on the southwest corner of
Alexanderplatz remained largely unused as a carpark until the Alexa shopping centre opened in 2007.
3079:
1647:
could take place, all the war ruins needed to be demolished and cleared away. A popular black market emerged within the ruined area, which the police raided several times a day.
577:
city walls. The upper floors of the gatehouse served as the city jail. A drawbridge spanned the moat and the gate was locked at nightfall by the garrison using heavy oak planks.
4841:
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has undergone a gradual process of change with many of the surrounding buildings being renovated. After the political turnaround in the wake of the fall of the Berlin Wall,
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building, which cost 25 million euros to build and provides space for around 700 cars. The opening took place on 26 November 2010. At the same time, the Senate narrowed
1989:. The purchase contracts between investors and the Senate Department for Urban Development were signed on 23 May 2002, thus laying the foundations for the development.
3981:
2964:
1867:'s plan was based on Behrens’ design, provided a horseshoe-shaped area of seven- to eight-storey buildings and 150-metre (490 ft) high towers with 42 floors. The
2810:
1706:
has been subject to redevelopment several times in its history, most recently during the 1960s, when it was turned into a pedestrian zone and enlarged as part of the
4145:
2131:, on the site of the old Berlin police headquarters. With a 56,200 m (605,000 sq ft) sales area, it is one of the largest shopping centres in Berlin.
677:
216:
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1236:
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134:
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1893:. The proposal of the architecture firm Kny & Weber, which was strongly based on the horseshoe shape of Wagner, finally won the third place. The design by
232:
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dominated the northern part of the square, the southern part (the former parade ground) remained quiet, having green space elements added by garden director
4183:
1683:
The
Pressecafé in 1977. The mural displaying the Marxist view of the press had been covered over by commercial advertising, but has since been re-revealed.
166:
1013:
At the beginning of the 1870s, the Berlin administration had the former moat filled to build the Berlin city railway, which was opened in 1882 along with
1010:
military facilities gave way to housing developments (mainly rental housing for the factory workers who had just moved into the city) and trading houses.
4607:
3101:
2886:. The water spurts from the highest point and then flows down in spirals over 17 shells, which each have a diameter between one and four meters. After
4007:
988:, who worked in the vicinity in a nearby pharmacy, participated in the construction of barricades and later described how he used materials from the
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from almost 100 m (330 ft) wide to 58 m (190 ft) wide (328 to 190 ft), thus reducing it to three lanes in each direction.
174:
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3725:
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In autumn 2015, the Berlin Senate organized two forums in which interested citizens could express their opinions on the proposed changes to the
3455:
1444:
21:
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built the police headquarters, a huge brick building whose tower on the northern corner dominated the building. In 1890, a district court at
2241:
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715:. This resulted in the King's Gate losing importance as an entry point for goods into the city. The gate was finally demolished in 1746.
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1123:
as upscale entertainment with artistic ambitions. Emperor-loyal and market-oriented stands the uncritical amusement in the foreground."
1595:
had entrenched itself within the tunnels of the underground system. Hours before fighting ended in Berlin on 2 May 1945, troops of the
4876:
3670:
3468:
Hans-Joachim Pohl: Chronik des Straßenbahnverkehrs auf dem
Alexanderplatz. In: Verkehrsgeschichtliche Blätter. Heft 1, 1999, S. 17–18
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524:
573:
At that time, the George Gate was a rectangular gatehouse with a tower. Next to the tower stood a remaining tower from the original
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4386:
3055:
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starting 15 October and peaked on 4 November with an estimated 200,000 participants who called on the government of the ruling
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in 1889. The northwest of the square contained a second, smaller green space where, in 1895, the 7.5-metre (25 ft) copper
1028:
In 1883–1884, the Grand Hotel, a neo-Renaissance building with 185 rooms and shops beneath was constructed. From 1886 to 1890,
3781:
2086:(Alex II). This route was originally to be opened in 2000 but was postponed several times. After further delays caused by the
3003:
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stations there. It is one of Berlin's largest and most important transportation hubs, being a meeting place of three subway (
2346:
1836:
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1809:
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In 1886, the local authorities built a central market hall west of the rail tracks, which replaced the weekly market on the
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was welcomed to the city on the parade grounds in front of the old King's Gate. To mark this occasion, on 2 November, King
520:
Gate was closed but the
Georgian Gate remained open, making the Georgian Gate an even more important entrance to the city.
3804:
2189:
As of 2014, it was assessed that due to a lack of demand the skyscrapers planned in 1993 were unlikely to be constructed.
2112:, the largest Berlin underground station, had been ongoing since the mid-1990s and was finally completed in October 2008.
2093:
In
February 2006, the redesign of the walk-in plaza began. The redevelopment plans were provided by the architecture firm
1501:
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2870:
and his group of artists. Its water basin has a diameter of 23 meters, it is 6.20 meters high and is built from embossed
2135:
4668:
4557:
3644:
2440:
provided for a residential tower housing 400 apartments. In early 2013, the development plan was opened to the public.
2150:
plans, closes the square to the east and thus reduces the area of the Platz. The building was opened on 25 March 2009.
2009:
1341:
570:) proliferated without plan. Despite a building ban imposed in 1691, more than 600 houses existed in the area by 1700.
429:. Outside the city walls, this area was largely undeveloped until around 1400, when the first settlers began building
4866:
3550:
3431:
954:
3782:"Redevco opent ALEA 101-gebouw Berlijn: € 90 mio op top-retail locatie – SCN shopping, leisure, people & places"
3344:
Peter
Behrens, Berlin Alexanderplatz: Pläne, Zeichnungen und Photographien zum Wettewerb und der Bebauung, 1929–1932
3142:
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1972:
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were mostly craftsmen, petty-bourgeois, retired soldiers and manufacturing workers. The southern part of the later
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Soon, military facilities came to dominate the area, such as the 1799–1800 military parade grounds designed by
4273:
4436:
4391:
4366:
4322:
3170:
2486:
2457:, up to eleven huge buildings will continue to be built, which will house a mixture of shops and apartments.
1376:'s viaduct arches. Omnibuses, horse-drawn from 1877 and, after 1898, also electric-powered trams, ran out of
4193:
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1746:
to step down and demanded a free press, the opening of the borders and their right to travel. Speakers were
1358:'s position as a main transport and traffic hub continued to fuel its development. In addition to the three
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3011:
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1814:
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1920:'s master plan for a major redevelopment including the construction of several skyscrapers was published.
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statue had already been removed in 1944 and probably melted down for use in arms production. During the
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3907:
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1735:
446:
3590:"CineStar Cubix am Alexanderplatz - Kinobeschreibung und Termine - Kinoprogramm für Berlin und Umland"
2125:
On 12 September 2007 the Alexa shopping centre opened. It is located in the immediate vicinity of the
4552:
4525:
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4310:
2144:. The building was built on a plot of 3,900 m (42,000 sq ft), which, according to the
2094:
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2001:
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588:. To the right stood the George chapel, an orphanage and a hospital that was donated by the Elector
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1879:– both listed buildings – would form the southwestern boundary. Second place went to the design by
1405:
was the epitome of the lively, pulsating cosmopolitan city of Berlin, rivalled in the city only by
762:
252:
2035:. The building was enlarged by about 25 metres (82 ft) and has since operated under the name
1710:'s redevelopment of the city centre. It is surrounded by several notable structures including the
864:, and the square in front of the workhouse in the newly-conceived suburb settles with the name of
852:
His Royal
Majesty, by means of the supreme Cabinet, orders on the 2nd of this month, those in the
4602:
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1803:
1200:
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2313:, or 'Red City Hall', is located nearby, as was the former East German parliament building, the
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224:
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Because of its importance as a transport hub, horse-drawn buses ran every 15 minutes between
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which was demolished in 1716. Behind it was a rifleman's field and an inn, later named the
536:– which continued to flourish into the late 17th century. Unlike the southwestern suburbs (
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2008:
Cubix am
Alexanderplatz, styled CUBIX), which opened in November 2000, joined the team of
1249:
8:
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is the only existing square in front of one of the medieval gates of Berlin's city wall.
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1961:
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in 1896. During the end of the 19th century, the emerging private traffic and the first
787:. Between 1783 and 1784, seven three-storey buildings were erected around the square by
4480:
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4327:
4305:
4170:
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2890:, it was completely renovated in a metal art workshop during the reconstruction of the
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1713:
1572:. The battles of the last days of the war destroyed considerable parts of the historic
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200:
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316:
51:
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fences, was reinforced and grew to encompass the old city and its suburbs, including
583:
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4587:
4354:
3227:
2592:
2570:
2566:
2416:
Long-term plans exist for the demolition of the 125-metre (410 ft) high former
2376:, a continually rotating installation that shows the time throughout the globe, the
2327:
was demolished from 2006–2008 to make room for a full reconstruction of the Baroque
2262:. It is a popular starting point for tourists, with many attractions including the
1614:
to slow the advance of the Red Army towards Berlin's city centre. The entire tunnel
880:
In the southeast of the square, the cloth factory buildings were converted into the
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4140:
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1992:
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354:
323:. It is a popular starting point for tourists, with many attractions including the
273:
126:
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and followed the colour-coded order of subway stations, which began with green at
1213:, who had already won second prize in the competition for the construction of the
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4710:
4683:
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3125:
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1408:
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1330:
1310:
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499:
208:
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to the outskirts of Berlin. These include (clockwise from north to south-east):
2563:
718:
By the end of the 18th century, the basic structure of the royal suburbs of the
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4344:
4288:
4130:
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3912:
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2271:
1789:
1606:
1428:
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entered Berlin through the George Gate. This led to the gate being renamed the
552:) which were strictly and geometrically planned, the suburbs in the northeast (
547:
426:
332:
142:
120:
87:
4705:
1853:
The winner, who was determined on 17 September 1993, was the Berlin architect
1687:
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4813:
4547:
4515:
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4426:
4401:
4396:
4283:
4123:
4061:
3441:
2992:
2614:
2518:
2514:
2497:
2452:
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2308:
2289:
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1915:
1900:
1856:
1797:
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1434:
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918:
350:
338:
302:
104:
36:
23:
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663:
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4268:
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3346:. Fiedler-Bender, Gisela; Höfchen, Heinz; Pfalzgalerie Kaiserslautern. : .
2232:
line crossing, it has retained its socialist character, including the much-
1781:
1749:
1707:
1666:
1520:
593:
523:
In 1681, the trade of cattle and pig fattening was banned within the city.
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94:
619:
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4788:
4458:
4376:
4361:
4295:
4150:
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2790:
2193:
2021:
department store began in 2004, led by Berlin professor of architecture,
1757:
735:
574:
269:
158:
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4381:
4317:
4100:
2012:
cinemas in 2007, and the festival shows films on three of its screens.
1734:
on 4 November 1989 was the largest demonstration in the history of the
632:
488:
3234:
1382:
in all directions in a star shape. The subway station was designed by
773:) was built over the moat and in 1777 a colonnade-lined row of shops (
641:
365:
4775:
2259:
1941:, and in 1999, the town planning contracts for the implementation of
1590:
1199:
department store opened to the public. It was designed by architects
1178:
marketed itself as a department store for the Berlin people, whereas
930:
767:
lived in a house on Alexanderplatz. In 1771, a new stone bridge (the
430:
320:
114:
972:
3855:"Hines – Berlin Alexanderplatz – Berlins meistbesuchte Destination"
2832:
2522:
2233:
2047:
2005:
1983:
On 2 April 2000, the Senate finally fixed the development plan for
1563:
1555:
1060:
1050:
914:
706:
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2202:
area is the largest area for crime in Berlin. As of October 2017,
870:, this is hereby made known to the public for news and attention."
389:
100:
3805:"Frank Gehry's plans for Berlin's tallest skyscraper put on hold"
2879:
2429:
2288:
is still one of Berlin's major commercial areas, housing various
2053:
pedestrians off the streets were removed. Between 2005 and 2006,
1739:
818:
680:, and the surrounding area became known in official documents as
669:
580:
A highway ran through the cattle market to the northeast towards
434:
349:
is still one of Berlin's major commercial areas, housing various
3854:
2365:
lines, and many tram and bus lines, as well as regional trains.
963:, where revolutionaries used barricades to block the route from
957:
of 1848, large-scale street fighting occurred on the streets of
498:, the city wall was strengthened. From 1658 to 1683, a citywide
4235:
4074:
3809:
3222:
Berlin, Alexanderplatz: Transforming Place in a Unified Germany
2871:
2060:
2059:
was renovated and later became a branch of the clothing chain,
1976:
1966:
895:
378:
277:
1072:
287:, which also denotes the larger neighbourhood stretching from
4243:
4070:
3957:"Riesenhochhaus: 150-Meter-Wolkenkratzer wird am Alex gebaut"
2875:
2196:
was announced, but this project was put on hold in 2018. The
1615:
1636:
1490:
2811:
List of cultural monuments in Berlin-Mitte / Alexanderplatz
1334:
503:
4008:"Bürgerdialog in Berlin: Zacken und Flügel am Fernsehturm"
2192:
In January 2014, a 39-story residential tower designed by
2159:
created an underground garage with three levels below the
1953:'s plans were signed by the landowners and the investors.
1802:. The protests continued and culminated in the unexpected
3572:"25 Years After Communism, Eyesores Spur Landmark Debate"
592:
in 1672. Next to the chapel stood a dilapidated medieval
2299:
Many historic buildings are located in the vicinity of
437:
was located close by, the area earned the nickname the
419:(St. George), the hospital gave its name to the nearby
4842:
Buildings and structures completed in the 13th century
2254:
is reputedly the most visited area of Berlin, beating
1433:
wrote a poem referencing the advert, and the composer
315:
is reputedly the most visited area of Berlin, beating
3487:. Berliner Unterwelten. 18 April 2015. Archived from
3377:"Sensationsfund: Das älteste Foto vom Alexanderplatz"
2138:
began building a six-story commercial building named
4847:
13th-century establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
2134:
In May 2007, the Texas property development company
1820:
402:
2153:At the beginning of 2007, the construction company
637:
is shown in red, the royal suburbs northeast brown.
4608:Prussian National Monument for the Liberation Wars
2217:Berlin Allgemeinen Sicherheits- und Ordnungsgesetz
4233:
2473:During the post-war reconstruction of the 1960s,
4833:
3691:
2862:and inaugurated on October 7. It was created by
1323:on 2 February 1919 and, on 4 December 1920, the
609:
407:A hospital stood at the location of present-day
3229:Alexanderplatz: Plenty of Space for Free Speech
2305:. The traditional seat of city government, the
1283:('the teacher's house') was opened next to the
1641:Before a planned reconstruction of the entire
1301:and Henry Gross. The building belonged to the
976:First ever picture of the Alexanderplatz, 1860
4219:
4047:
3982:"Erster Wohnturm am Alexanderplatz in Berlin"
3671:"U-Bahnhof Alexanderplatz ist endlich fertig"
3566:
3564:
3562:
3545:] (in German). Munich: C.H. Beck Verlag.
2856:) was erected in 1970 during the redesign of
2460:
1903:as a basis for the further transformation of
1529:. It was built between 1941 and 1943 for the
824:
3726:"Ein See in der Baustelle am Alexanderplatz"
3538:Endspiel, die Revolution von 1989 in der DDR
3417:
3415:
3188:
3168:
3149:
3129:
3068:
3062:
3044:
3036:
3015:
2990:
2972:
2952:
2946:
2940:
2934:
2911:
2905:
2891:
2863:
2857:
2851:
2796:
2788:
2780:
2772:
2766:
2758:
2750:
2741:
2735:
2729:
2723:
2717:
2711:
2705:
2699:
2689:
2683:
2675:
2669:
2663:
2649:
2641:
2633:
2627:
2618:
2605:
2599:
2586:
2577:
2555:
2545:
2530:
2495:
2487:
2474:
2450:
2444:
2423:
2417:
2403:
2389:
2381:
2360:
2354:
2340:
2332:
2322:
2314:
2306:
2300:
2283:
2275:
2263:
2249:
2215:
2209:
2203:
2197:
2181:
2172:
2166:
2160:
2154:
2145:
2139:
2126:
2116:
2107:
2098:
2081:
2075:
2067:
2054:
2045:
2036:
2030:
2022:
2016:
1984:
1948:
1942:
1936:
1930:
1924:
1913:
1904:
1894:
1888:
1880:
1874:
1868:
1862:
1854:
1841:
1830:
1795:
1787:
1779:
1771:
1763:
1755:
1747:
1727:
1711:
1701:
1692:
1664:
1656:
1642:
1625:
1619:
1607:
1600:
1599:detonated explosives inside the north–south
1588:
1579:
1573:
1567:
1549:
1538:
1530:
1524:
1506:
1492:
1482:
1472:
1464:
1456:
1448:
1438:
1426:
1420:
1414:
1406:
1400:
1387:
1377:
1371:
1365:
1364:underground lines, long-distance trains and
1359:
1353:
1345:
1324:
1316:
1308:
1302:
1296:
1290:
1284:
1276:
1267:
1261:
1255:
1247:
1230:
1220:
1214:
1207:
1201:
1194:
1179:
1173:
1167:
1161:
1155:
1149:
1143:
1135:
1127:
1118:
1112:
1106:
1100:
1092:
1084:
1078:
1064:
1054:
1044:
1035:
1029:
1020:
1014:
1004:
995:
989:
981:
964:
958:
943:
937:
908:
899:
887:
881:
865:
859:
853:
843:
825:
810:
802:
796:
788:
780:
774:
768:
760:
751:
745:
739:
726:
719:
710:
693:
687:
681:
661:
651:
645:
630:
624:
610:
597:
581:
565:
559:
553:
545:
537:
531:
515:
507:
478:
472:
466:
456:
450:
438:
420:
414:
408:
393:
369:
344:
336:
324:
310:
300:
294:
288:
241:
230:
222:
214:
206:
198:
192:
186:
180:
172:
164:
156:
148:
140:
132:
124:
112:
92:
78:
56:
3699:"Berlin's Alexanderplatz – DW – 06/17/2007"
3374:
2479:was completely pedestrianized. Since then,
2432:opened a branch inside the hotel building.
1073:Between Empire and the Nazi era (1900–1940)
4226:
4212:
4054:
4040:
3831:(in German). 18 March 2019. Archived from
3616:"CineStar CUBIX am Alexanderplatz, Berlin"
3559:
3454:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2165:, located between the hotel tower and the
1578:, as well as many of the buildings around
1260:were removed in 1910 and now stand in the
1193:In October 1905, the first section of the
3534:
3412:
2845:
2223:
2044:Beginning with the reconstruction of the
1637:Demolition and reconstruction (1945–1964)
904:until the building's demolition in 1932.
705:, which initially consisted of a ring of
3908:"Finally – Berlin has its palace again!"
3421:
3252:Alexanderplatz – Overview of the changes
2836:
2464:
2398:
2074:began work to extend the tram line from
1991:
1971:
1960:
1808:
1686:
1678:
1500:
971:
640:
618:
445:
388:
377:
364:
86:
64:
50:
4387:Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe
3880:"The New Palace: Neo-Baroque in Berlin"
3825:"Kriminalitätsbelastete Orte in Berlin"
3543:Endgame, the 1989 Revolution in the GDR
3375:Adam-Tkalec, Maritta (2 October 2021).
3341:
3327:Aus der Geschichte des Alexanderplatzes
3308:Aus der Geschichte des Alexanderplatzes
3288:Aus der Geschichte des Alexanderplatzes
3271:Aus der Geschichte des Alexanderplatzes
2483:were reintroduced to the area in 1998.
2214:("crime-contaminated location") by the
1624:network via connecting passages at the
1419:" of those years was characterized as "
530:The area developed into a suburb – the
4834:
3723:
2237:Fountain of Friendship between Peoples
1935:. In 1998, the first tram returned to
1091:founded the first German cabaret, the
1077:At the beginning of the 20th century,
4207:
4035:
3802:
3485:"Tiefbunker unter dem Alexanderplatz"
3479:
3477:
3475:
738:. At this time, the residents of the
251:
3954:
3322:
3320:
3302:
3300:
2544:The following main roads connect to
2220:(General Safety and Planning Laws).
1566:artillery bombarded the area around
1479:Berlin: The Symphony of the Big City
1329:(Unification Party Congress) of the
656:(King's Bridge) with its colonnades)
525:Frederick William, the Great Elector
3407:Der achtzehnte März. Erstes Kapitel
2408:on April 11th 2020 at 18:28 during
2282:('Red City Hall') situated nearby.
2090:, the route opened on 30 May 2007.
1618:, as well as large sections of the
1340:The First Ordinary Congress of the
343:('Red City Hall') situated nearby.
13:
3645:Berlin International Film Festival
3472:
3214:
2604:station, in the pedestrian zone):
2296:and other large retail locations.
2228:Despite the reconstruction of the
2010:Berlin International Film Festival
1474:Berlin: Die Sinfonie der Großstadt
1342:Communist Workers Party of Germany
1148:opened large department stores on
759:Between 1752 and 1755, the writer
357:and other large retail locations.
14:
4888:
3984:. 2 February 2014. Archived from
3955:Hein, Rainer L. (17 April 2008).
3724:Flatau, Sabine (14 August 2009).
3317:
3297:
3264:
3245:
2428:building in March 2009. In 2014,
1899:was chosen on 7 June 1994 by the
1821:After German reunification (1989)
1083:experienced its heyday. In 1901,
875:Royal Prussian Police Directorate
842:ordered the square to be renamed
403:Early history to the 18th century
272:and transport hub in the central
4877:Frederick William III of Prussia
4771:Sachsenhausen concentration camp
4669:Berlin-Hohenschönhausen Memorial
4499:
4192:
4084:
3928:"Die Riesen kommen kleckerweise"
3198:
3180:
3160:
3141:
3117:
3100:
3078:
3054:
3028:
3002:
2982:
2963:
2926:
2919:
2337:, which is set to open in 2019.
1929:completed the renovation of the
1744:Socialist Unity Party of Germany
1235:department store, by architects
809:lived as a permanent tenant and
502:was constructed to plans by the
280:. The square is named after the
4000:
3974:
3948:
3920:
3900:
3872:
3847:
3817:
3796:
3774:
3746:
3717:
3663:
3633:
3608:
3582:
3535:Kowalczuk, Ilko-Sascha (2009).
3528:
3503:
3426:. CH. Links Verlag (Sachbuch).
2529:services and, on weekends, the
1956:
1674:
834:On 25 October 1805 the Russian
779:) was constructed by architect
4578:Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church
3462:
3395:
3368:
3335:
3280:
2853:Brunnen der Völkerfreundschaft
2815:
2588:Grunerstraße / Alexanderstraße
2097:and the Hamburg-based company
1471:filmed parts of his 1927 film
817:stayed in the days before his
413:since the 13th century. Named
1:
4392:Monument to Freedom and Unity
4323:Deutsches Historisches Museum
3784:(in Dutch). 16 September 2014
3257:
2804:
2469:Alexanderplatz U-bahn station
1996:Aerial view with the TV tower
1979:station at the alexanderplatz
1392:and ran through to dark red.
1350:restaurant, 1–4 August 1920.
443:('Devil's Pleasure Garden').
4593:Museum Europäischer Kulturen
3679:(in German). 18 October 2008
2850:The Fountain of Friendship (
2822:World Clock (Alexanderplatz)
1815:Alexanderplatz demonstration
1229:For the construction of the
698:(or 'royal suburbs' short).
7:
3936:(in German). 25 August 2008
3803:Block, India (3 May 2018).
3570:Dalia Fahmy (27 May 2014),
3424:Der Berliner Alexanderplatz
3275:Foltergebühr: 10 Schillinge
3128:with a reflection from the
2826:
2598:Southwest (in front of the
2502:connections, access to the
2211:kriminalitätsbelasteter Ort
1111:, initially under the name
10:
4893:
4568:Haus der Kulturen der Welt
2830:
2819:
2808:
2461:Roads and public transport
2100:WES-Landschaftsarchitekten
1736:German Democratic Republic
1708:German Democratic Republic
686:(King's Gate Square). The
650:, 1796 (in the middle the
360:
253:[alɛkˈsandɐˌplats]
4867:Cremer & Wolffenstein
4784:
4741:
4661:
4508:
4497:
4242:
4190:
4091:
4082:
3422:Jochheim, Gernot (2006).
3220:Weszkalnys, Gisa (2010).
3189:
3169:
3063:
3045:
2973:
2935:
2912:
2892:
2864:
2858:
2797:
2789:
2781:
2773:
2767:
2759:
2751:
2742:
2736:
2730:
2724:
2718:
2712:
2706:
2700:
2684:
2671:Mollstraße/Prenzlauer Tor
2670:
2664:
2650:
2642:
2634:
2628:
2619:
2606:
2600:
2587:
2578:
2556:
2546:
2531:
2488:
2475:
2451:
2418:
2404:
2382:
2368:It also accommodates the
2361:
2355:
2341:
2315:
2301:
2284:
2276:
2250:
2204:
2198:
2182:
2173:
2167:
2161:
2155:
2146:
2099:
2095:Gerkan, Marg and Partners
2082:
2076:
2070:Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe
2055:
2031:
2023:
2017:
1985:
1949:
1943:
1937:
1931:
1925:
1914:
1905:
1895:
1889:
1881:
1875:
1869:
1863:
1855:
1842:
1831:
1796:
1788:
1780:
1772:
1764:
1756:
1748:
1728:
1702:
1693:
1665:
1657:
1643:
1626:
1620:
1601:
1580:
1574:
1568:
1554:in early April 1945. The
1550:
1539:
1525:
1507:
1493:
1483:
1465:
1449:
1439:
1427:
1421:
1407:
1401:
1388:
1378:
1372:
1366:
1354:
1317:
1309:
1297:
1291:
1285:
1268:
1262:
1248:
1231:
1221:
1215:
1208:
1202:
1195:
1180:
1174:
1168:
1162:
1156:
1150:
1144:
1136:
1128:
1113:
1107:
1093:
1085:
1079:
1065:
1055:
1045:
1036:
1030:
1021:
1005:
996:
990:
982:
965:
959:
944:
938:
909:
888:
882:
855:Königs-Vorstadt Sandgasse
826:
811:
803:
789:
781:
761:
752:
746:
720:
711:
688:
662:
646:
631:
625:
611:
582:
566:
560:
554:
546:
538:
516:
508:
479:
473:
467:
457:
451:
409:
394:
370:
345:
337:
311:
301:
242:
231:
223:
215:
207:
199:
193:
187:
181:
173:
165:
157:
149:
141:
125:
113:
93:
79:
57:
16:Square in Berlin, Germany
4553:Freie Universität Berlin
4538:Berlin Zoological Garden
4442:Vorderasiatisches Museum
3312:Tretmühle im Arbeitshaus
2899:
2537:(HBX). Several tram and
2345:is also the name of the
2109:Alexanderplatz U-Bahnhof
1965:Alexanderplatz from the
1837:socialist urban planning
1515:One of Berlin's largest
1463:, after the square, and
763:Gotthold Ephraim Lessing
660:After his coronation in
4234:Visitor attractions in
4146:Friedrich-Wilhelm-Stadt
3576:The Wall Street Journal
3403:Von Zwanzig bis Dreißig
3342:Behrens, Peter (1993).
3094:hotel in the background
2939:, 1908 (left to right:
2541:also service the area.
2419:Interhotel Stadt Berlin
1804:Fall of the Berlin Wall
1344:was held in the nearby
1304:Berliner Lehrererverein
1117:. It was announced as "
1105:('Secession stage') at
805:Karl Friedrich Schinkel
795:, including the famous
217:Friedrich-Wilhelm-Stadt
4613:Schloss Charlottenburg
4598:Natural History Museum
4476:St. Hedwig's Cathedral
4161:Oranienburger Vorstadt
3171:Bahnhof Alexanderplatz
3150:
3130:
3069:
3064:Bahnhof Alexanderplatz
3037:
3016:
2991:
2953:
2947:
2941:
2906:
2852:
2846:Fountain of Friendship
2842:
2841:Fountain of Friendship
2716:(B 2) – (intersection
2690:
2682:(main road 109 to the
2676:
2665:Karl-Liebknecht-Straße
2558:Karl-Liebknecht-Straße
2496:
2470:
2445:
2424:
2413:
2396:(House of Teachers)'.
2390:
2333:
2323:
2307:
2264:
2224:Today and future plans
2216:
2210:
2140:
2127:
2117:
2108:
2068:
2046:
2037:
1997:
1980:
1969:
1817:
1712:
1698:
1684:
1608:
1589:
1531:
1512:
1473:
1457:
1415:
1360:
1346:
1325:
1303:
1277:
1256:
1237:Heinrich Joseph Kayser
1119:
1101:
1040:was also established.
1016:Bahnhof Alexanderplatz
1015:
977:
900:
878:
866:
860:
854:
844:
797:
775:
769:
740:
727:
694:
682:
657:
652:
638:
598:
532:
510:Johann Gregor Memhardt
461:
439:
421:
415:
399:
386:
375:
325:
295:
289:
237:
225:Oranienburger Vorstadt
133:
84:
62:
4872:Alexander I of Russia
4679:German-Russian Museum
4437:Museum of Islamic Art
3859:www.alexanderplatz.de
3207:Project Blinkenlights
2840:
2636:Rosa-Luxemburg-Straße
2468:
2402:
1995:
1975:
1964:
1812:
1766:Friedrich Schorlemmer
1690:
1682:
1504:
1459:Berlin Alexanderplatz
1370:trains ran along the
1326:Vereinigungsparteitag
1295:. It was designed by
1275:In October 1908, the
1203:Wilhelm Albert Cremer
1186:modelled itself as a
994:Theater to barricade
975:
894:at a cost of 120,000
850:
840:Frederick William III
791:Georg Christian Unger
644:
623:City map showing the
622:
449:
425:(George Gate) of the
392:
381:
368:
293:in the north-east to
90:
77:
54:
37:52.52167°N 13.41333°E
4751:Charlottenhof Palace
4583:Kaufhaus des Westens
4486:Topography of Terror
4422:Oranienburger Straße
4274:Berlin Wall Memorial
4264:Alte Nationalgalerie
4166:Rosenthaler Vorstadt
2888:German reunification
2644:Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz
1827:German reunification
1813:The 4 November 1989
1806:on 9 November 1989.
1697:seen from a distance
1209:Richard Wolffenstein
1031:Hermann Blankenstein
907:During these years,
798:Gasthof zum Hirschen
233:Rosenthaler Vorstadt
4809:Transport in Berlin
4766:Potsdam Roman Baths
4743:Metropolitan region
4731:Soviet War Memorial
4618:Soviet War Memorial
4367:Humboldt University
3731:Berliner Morgenpost
3676:Berliner Morgenpost
3292:Rüger auf der Lauer
3239:Haus der Geschichte
2725:Greifswalder Straße
2617:lead radially from
2533:Harz-Berlin-Express
2317:Palast der Republik
2246:, a popular venue.
2088:2006 FIFA World Cup
2025:Josef Paul Kleihues
1912:In 1993, architect
1723:Peaceful Revolution
1659:Ludwig Hilberseimer
1533:Deutsche Reichsbahn
1523:was situated under
1437:made the legendary
1263:Heinrich von Kleist
1063:statue by sculptor
1025:Railway Station').
890:Carl Theodor Ottmer
813:Heinrich von Kleist
703:Berlin Customs Wall
692:suburb was renamed
307:in the south-west.
33: /
4558:Gas Lantern Museum
4531:Bundespräsidialamt
4449:Platz der Republik
4306:Checkpoint Charlie
4184:Stralauer Vorstadt
4171:Spandauer Vorstadt
4156:Neukölln am Wasser
3988:on 2 February 2014
3651:on 2 February 2017
3641:"Berlinale venues"
3108:Night view of the
2843:
2791:Berlin-Hellersdorf
2761:Strausberger Platz
2471:
2414:
2384:Hermann Henselmann
2106:The renovation of
2015:Renovation of the
1998:
1981:
1970:
1818:
1699:
1694:Fernsehturm Berlin
1685:
1513:
1440:Revue Total manoli
1292:Alexanderstraße 41
1108:Alexanderstraße 40
1087:Ernst von Wolzogen
980:Novelist and poet
978:
668:on 6 May 1701 the
658:
639:
567:Stralauer Vorstadt
462:
440:Teufels Lustgarten
400:
387:
376:
238:
201:Spandauer Vorstadt
167:Stralauer Vorstadt
135:Neukölln am Wasser
85:
63:
55:Panoramic view of
42:52.52167; 13.41333
4857:Squares in Berlin
4829:
4828:
4674:East Side Gallery
4633:Tempelhof Airport
4543:Botanical Gardens
4481:Staatsoper Berlin
4372:Kronprinzenpalais
4201:
4200:
3916:. 23 August 2018.
3888:. 4 December 2008
3401:Theodor Fontane:
3224:. Berghahn Books.
3022:in the background
2942:Lehrervereinshaus
2783:Frankfurter Allee
2713:Otto-Braun-Straße
2652:Schönhauser Allee
2410:COVID-19 lockdown
2294:department stores
2208:was classified a
1926:Landesbank Berlin
1605:tunnel under the
1517:air-raid shelters
1511:station, May 1945
1455:named his novel,
1250:Karl von Großheim
913:was populated by
858:to take the name
683:Königs Thor Platz
612:Königs Thor Platz
561:Spandauervorstadt
496:Thirty Years' War
431:thatched cottages
382:Tram passing the
355:department stores
91:Neighborhoods in
75:
4884:
4628:Tauentzienstraße
4503:
4491:Unter den Linden
4350:Hackescher Markt
4301:Brandenburg Gate
4228:
4221:
4214:
4205:
4204:
4196:
4141:Friedrichswerder
4088:
4056:
4049:
4042:
4033:
4032:
4026:
4025:
4023:
4021:
4013:Berliner Zeitung
4004:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3993:
3978:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3967:
3952:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3941:
3933:Der Tagesspiegel
3924:
3918:
3917:
3904:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3893:
3876:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3865:
3851:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3840:
3821:
3815:
3814:
3800:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3789:
3778:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3767:
3759:Berliner Zeitung
3750:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3739:
3721:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3710:
3695:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3684:
3667:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3656:
3647:. Archived from
3637:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3626:
3612:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3601:
3586:
3580:
3568:
3557:
3556:
3532:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3521:
3507:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3496:
3491:on 18 April 2015
3481:
3470:
3466:
3460:
3459:
3453:
3445:
3419:
3410:
3399:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3388:
3381:Berliner Zeitung
3372:
3366:
3365:
3339:
3333:
3324:
3315:
3304:
3295:
3284:
3278:
3268:
3202:
3192:
3191:
3184:
3174:
3173:
3164:
3153:
3145:
3135:
3121:
3104:
3082:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3058:
3048:
3047:
3042:
3032:
3021:
3006:
2996:
2986:
2976:
2975:
2967:
2956:
2950:
2948:Polizeipräsidium
2944:
2938:
2937:
2930:
2915:
2914:
2909:
2907:Hackescher Markt
2895:
2894:
2869:
2868:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2800:
2799:
2794:
2793:
2787:(B 1 and B 5 to
2786:
2785:
2778:
2777:
2770:
2769:
2764:
2763:
2757:(B 1 and B 5) –
2756:
2755:
2745:
2744:
2739:
2738:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2726:
2721:
2720:
2715:
2714:
2709:
2708:
2703:
2702:
2695:
2688:triangle at the
2687:
2686:
2681:
2678:Prenzlauer Allee
2673:
2672:
2667:
2666:
2658:Bundesstraße 96a
2655:
2654:
2647:
2646:
2639:
2638:
2631:
2630:
2622:
2621:
2609:
2608:
2603:
2602:
2590:
2589:
2581:
2580:
2564:federal highways
2561:
2560:
2549:
2548:
2536:
2535:
2501:
2491:
2490:
2478:
2477:
2456:
2455:
2448:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2407:
2406:
2395:
2392:Haus des Lehrers
2387:
2386:
2374:World Time Clock
2364:
2363:
2358:
2357:
2344:
2343:
2336:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2312:
2304:
2303:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2280:
2270:(TV tower), the
2269:
2256:Friedrichstrasse
2253:
2252:
2245:
2219:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2200:
2185:
2184:
2176:
2175:
2170:
2169:
2168:Elektroindustrie
2164:
2163:
2158:
2157:
2149:
2148:
2143:
2130:
2120:
2111:
2102:
2101:
2085:
2084:
2079:
2078:
2077:Prenzlauer Allee
2073:
2058:
2057:
2051:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2027:
2020:
2019:
1988:
1987:
1952:
1951:
1946:
1945:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1933:
1928:
1927:
1919:
1918:
1908:
1907:
1898:
1897:
1892:
1891:
1886:
1885:
1883:Daniel Libeskind
1878:
1877:
1872:
1871:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1859:
1845:
1844:
1834:
1833:
1801:
1800:
1793:
1792:
1785:
1784:
1777:
1776:
1769:
1768:
1761:
1760:
1753:
1752:
1731:
1730:
1717:
1705:
1704:
1696:
1695:
1671:from the 1930s.
1670:
1669:
1662:
1661:
1646:
1645:
1631:
1630:
1623:
1622:
1611:
1604:
1603:
1594:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1576:
1571:
1570:
1560:Battle of Berlin
1553:
1552:
1548:The war reached
1544:
1543:
1541:Philipp Holzmann
1536:
1528:
1527:
1521:Second World War
1510:
1509:
1496:
1495:
1486:
1485:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1462:
1454:
1453:
1443:with the dancer
1442:
1441:
1432:
1431:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1404:
1403:
1391:
1390:
1384:Alfred Grenander
1381:
1380:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1349:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1314:
1313:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1294:
1293:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1279:Haus des Lehrers
1271:
1270:
1265:
1264:
1259:
1257:Königskolonnaden
1253:
1252:
1245:
1234:
1233:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1205:
1204:
1198:
1197:
1188:department store
1185:
1184:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1170:
1166:(1910–1911) and
1165:
1164:
1159:
1158:
1153:
1152:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1140:
1133:
1132:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1109:
1104:
1099:, in the former
1098:
1097:
1090:
1089:
1082:
1081:
1068:
1067:
1058:
1057:
1048:
1047:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1032:
1024:
1023:
1018:
1008:
1007:
999:
998:
997:Neue Königstraße
993:
992:
987:
986:
968:
967:
962:
961:
955:March Revolution
949:
948:
941:
940:
927:knife sharpeners
923:rag-and-bone men
921:, sand sellers,
912:
911:
903:
893:
892:
885:
884:
876:
869:
863:
857:
847:
836:Tsar Alexander I
829:
828:
816:
815:
808:
807:
800:
794:
793:
786:
785:
783:Carl von Gontard
778:
776:Königskolonnaden
772:
766:
765:
755:
754:
749:
748:
743:
730:
723:
722:
714:
713:
697:
691:
690:
685:
667:
666:
655:
649:
648:
636:
635:
628:
627:
614:
613:
601:
587:
586:
569:
568:
563:
562:
557:
556:
551:
550:
543:
542:
535:
519:
518:
513:
512:
506:master builder,
485:Hanseatic cities
482:
481:
476:
475:
470:
469:
460:
459:
454:
453:
442:
427:Berlin city wall
424:
418:
412:
411:
397:
396:
373:
372:
348:
347:
342:
341:
331:(TV tower), the
330:
317:Friedrichstrasse
314:
313:
306:
305:
298:
296:Spandauer Straße
292:
266:Alexander Square
263:
262:
261:
255:
250:
245:
244:
236:
235:
228:
227:
220:
219:
212:
211:
204:
203:
196:
195:
190:
189:
184:
183:
178:
177:
170:
169:
162:
161:
154:
153:
146:
145:
138:
130:
129:
127:Friedrichswerder
118:
117:
98:
97:
83:at night in 2015
82:
81:
76:
60:
59:
48:
47:
45:
44:
43:
38:
34:
31:
30:
29:
26:
4892:
4891:
4887:
4886:
4885:
4883:
4882:
4881:
4862:Zones of Berlin
4832:
4831:
4830:
4825:
4780:
4761:Orangery Palace
4737:
4721:Tierpark Berlin
4711:Oberbaum Bridge
4689:Köpenick Palace
4684:Karl-Marx-Allee
4657:
4623:Spandau Citadel
4526:Bellevue Palace
4521:Aquarium Berlin
4504:
4495:
4454:Potsdamer Platz
4432:Pergamon Museum
4333:Friedrichstraße
4238:
4232:
4202:
4197:
4188:
4177:Scheunenviertel
4089:
4078:
4060:
4030:
4029:
4019:
4017:
4006:
4005:
4001:
3991:
3989:
3980:
3979:
3975:
3965:
3963:
3953:
3949:
3939:
3937:
3926:
3925:
3921:
3906:
3905:
3901:
3891:
3889:
3878:
3877:
3873:
3863:
3861:
3853:
3852:
3848:
3838:
3836:
3835:on 8 April 2018
3823:
3822:
3818:
3801:
3797:
3787:
3785:
3780:
3779:
3775:
3765:
3763:
3752:
3751:
3747:
3737:
3735:
3722:
3718:
3708:
3706:
3697:
3696:
3692:
3682:
3680:
3669:
3668:
3664:
3654:
3652:
3639:
3638:
3634:
3624:
3622:
3614:
3613:
3609:
3599:
3597:
3588:
3587:
3583:
3569:
3560:
3553:
3533:
3529:
3519:
3517:
3511:"Red Town Hall"
3509:
3508:
3504:
3494:
3492:
3483:
3482:
3473:
3469:
3467:
3463:
3447:
3446:
3434:
3420:
3413:
3400:
3396:
3386:
3384:
3373:
3369:
3354:
3340:
3336:
3325:
3318:
3305:
3298:
3285:
3281:
3273:, BZA, Teil 1:
3269:
3265:
3260:
3248:
3217:
3215:Further reading
3210:
3209:
3203:
3194:
3193:
3185:
3176:
3175:
3165:
3156:
3155:
3146:
3137:
3136:
3122:
3113:
3112:
3105:
3096:
3095:
3083:
3074:
3073:
3059:
3050:
3049:
3033:
3024:
3023:
3007:
2998:
2997:
2987:
2978:
2977:
2968:
2959:
2958:
2931:
2922:
2902:
2893:Galeria Kaufhof
2848:
2835:
2829:
2824:
2818:
2813:
2807:
2775:Frankfurter Tor
2768:Karl-Marx-Allee
2753:Karl-Marx-Allee
2707:Alexanderstraße
2668:– intersection
2579:Alexanderstraße
2463:
2378:House of Travel
2370:Park Inn Berlin
2359:) lines, three
2272:Nikolai Quarter
2239:
2226:
2174:Alexanderstraße
2162:Alexanderstraße
2038:Galeria Kaufhof
1959:
1823:
1677:
1639:
1628:Friedrichstraße
1499:
1491:Destruction of
1467:Walter Ruttmann
1409:Potsdamer Platz
1397:Golden Twenties
1389:Leipziger Platz
1331:Communist Party
1311:Karl Liebknecht
1298:Hans Toebelmann
1239:
1190:for the world.
1102:Sezessionsbühne
1075:
1066:Emil Hundrieser
1056:Hermann Mächtig
1051:horse bus lines
984:Theodor Fontane
946:Potsdamer Platz
877:
874:
867:Alexander-Platz
832:
689:Georgenvorstadt
617:
590:Sophie Dorothea
555:Georgenvorstadt
533:Georgenvorstadt
455:from 1652 with
405:
363:
333:Nikolai Quarter
257:
256:
248:
209:Scheunenviertel
121:Nikolai Quarter
65:
41:
39:
35:
32:
27:
24:
22:
20:
19:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4890:
4880:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4827:
4826:
4824:
4823:
4822:
4821:
4816:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4785:
4782:
4781:
4779:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4747:
4745:
4739:
4738:
4736:
4735:
4734:
4733:
4726:Treptower Park
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4665:
4663:
4662:Eastern Berlin
4659:
4658:
4656:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4643:Victory Column
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4603:Olympiastadion
4600:
4595:
4590:
4588:Kurfürstendamm
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4534:
4533:
4523:
4518:
4512:
4510:
4509:Western Berlin
4506:
4505:
4498:
4496:
4494:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4462:
4461:
4451:
4446:
4445:
4444:
4439:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4417:Nikolaiviertel
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4358:
4357:
4355:Hackesche Höfe
4347:
4345:Gendarmenmarkt
4342:
4341:
4340:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4314:
4313:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4292:
4291:
4289:Humboldt Forum
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4260:
4259:
4252:Alexanderplatz
4248:
4246:
4240:
4239:
4231:
4230:
4223:
4216:
4208:
4199:
4198:
4191:
4189:
4187:
4186:
4181:
4180:
4179:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4136:Friedrichstadt
4133:
4131:Dorotheenstadt
4128:
4127:
4126:
4111:
4110:
4109:
4107:Nikolaiviertel
4098:
4096:Alexanderplatz
4092:
4090:
4083:
4080:
4079:
4063:Neighbourhoods
4059:
4058:
4051:
4044:
4036:
4028:
4027:
3999:
3973:
3947:
3919:
3913:Deutsche Welle
3899:
3871:
3846:
3816:
3795:
3773:
3745:
3716:
3705:. 17 June 2007
3690:
3662:
3632:
3607:
3581:
3558:
3551:
3527:
3502:
3471:
3461:
3432:
3411:
3394:
3367:
3352:
3334:
3316:
3296:
3279:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3254:
3247:
3246:External links
3244:
3243:
3242:
3235:Sites of Unity
3225:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3211:
3205:
3204:
3197:
3195:
3187:
3186:
3179:
3177:
3167:
3166:
3159:
3157:
3148:
3147:
3140:
3138:
3124:
3123:
3116:
3114:
3107:
3106:
3099:
3097:
3085:
3084:
3077:
3075:
3061:
3060:
3053:
3051:
3046:Alexanderplatz
3035:
3034:
3027:
3025:
3009:
3008:
3001:
2999:
2989:
2988:
2981:
2979:
2974:Alexanderplatz
2970:
2969:
2962:
2960:
2936:Alexanderplatz
2933:
2932:
2925:
2921:
2918:
2913:Alexanderplatz
2901:
2898:
2866:Walter Womacka
2859:Alexanderplatz
2847:
2844:
2831:Main article:
2828:
2825:
2820:Main article:
2817:
2814:
2806:
2803:
2748:
2747:
2731:Berliner Allee
2697:
2661:
2620:Alexanderplatz
2615:arterial roads
2611:
2610:
2607:Dircksenstraße
2596:
2583:
2574:
2547:Alexanderplatz
2519:regional train
2489:Alexanderplatz
2476:Alexanderplatz
2462:
2459:
2405:Alexanderplatz
2342:Alexanderplatz
2302:Alexanderplatz
2290:shopping malls
2285:Alexanderplatz
2251:Alexanderplatz
2225:
2222:
2205:Alexanderplatz
2199:Alexanderplatz
2183:Alexanderplatz
2083:Alexanderplatz
1986:Alexanderplatz
1958:
1955:
1938:Alexanderplatz
1906:Alexanderplatz
1843:Alexanderplatz
1832:Alexanderplatz
1822:
1819:
1790:Christoph Hein
1729:Alexanderplatz
1718:('TV Tower').
1703:Alexanderplatz
1676:
1673:
1644:Alexanderplatz
1638:
1635:
1581:Alexanderplatz
1569:Alexanderplatz
1551:Alexanderplatz
1526:Alexanderplatz
1508:Alexanderplatz
1505:The destroyed
1498:
1494:Alexanderplatz
1489:
1484:Alexanderplatz
1429:Kurt Tucholsky
1416:Berliner Tempo
1402:Alexanderplatz
1379:Alexanderplatz
1355:Alexanderplatz
1319:Rosa Luxemburg
1219:building. The
1151:Alexanderplatz
1138:Georg Wertheim
1126:The merchants
1080:Alexanderplatz
1074:
1071:
1046:Alexanderplatz
1037:Alexanderplatz
1022:Alexanderplatz
966:Alexanderplatz
960:Alexanderplatz
939:Alexanderplatz
919:water carriers
910:Alexanderplatz
872:
845:Alexanderplatz
831:
827:Alexanderplatz
823:
753:Alexanderplatz
747:Alexanderplatz
721:Königsvorstadt
712:Königsvorstadt
695:Königsvorstadt
647:Alexanderplatz
626:Königsvorstadt
616:
608:
548:Dorotheenstadt
540:Friedrichstadt
483:, and the big
416:Heiliger Georg
410:Alexanderplatz
404:
401:
395:Alexanderplatz
371:Alexanderplatz
362:
359:
351:shopping malls
346:Alexanderplatz
312:Alexanderplatz
243:Alexanderplatz
182:Alexanderplatz
151:Friedrichstadt
143:Dorotheenstadt
80:Alexanderplatz
58:Alexanderplatz
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4889:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4839:
4837:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4811:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4786:
4783:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4748:
4746:
4744:
4740:
4732:
4729:
4728:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4701:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4660:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4573:Jewish Museum
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4548:Europa-Center
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4532:
4529:
4528:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4516:Allied Museum
4514:
4513:
4511:
4507:
4502:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4471:Rotes Rathaus
4469:
4467:
4464:
4460:
4457:
4456:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4427:Pariser Platz
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4407:Neue Synagoge
4405:
4403:
4402:Neptunbrunnen
4400:
4398:
4397:Museum Island
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4356:
4353:
4352:
4351:
4348:
4346:
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4285:
4284:Berlin Palace
4282:
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3834:
3830:
3829:www.berlin.de
3826:
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3552:9783406583575
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3433:9783861533917
3429:
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3408:
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3240:
3236:
3232:
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3223:
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3218:
3208:
3201:
3196:
3190:Alexanderhaus
3183:
3178:
3172:
3163:
3158:
3154:shopping mall
3152:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3133:
3127:
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3115:
3111:
3103:
3098:
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3089:
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3057:
3052:
3041:
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3031:
3026:
3020:
3019:
3013:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2994:
2993:Neptunbrunnen
2985:
2980:
2966:
2961:
2955:
2949:
2943:
2929:
2924:
2923:
2920:Image gallery
2917:
2908:
2897:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2867:
2854:
2839:
2834:
2823:
2812:
2802:
2798:Berliner Ring
2792:
2784:
2776:
2762:
2754:
2743:Berliner Ring
2698:
2694:
2693:
2692:Berliner Ring
2680:
2679:
2662:
2659:
2653:
2645:
2637:
2629:Memhardstraße
2626:
2625:
2624:
2616:
2597:
2594:
2584:
2582:(B 2 and B 5)
2575:
2572:
2568:
2565:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2551:
2542:
2540:
2534:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2500:
2499:
2493:
2484:
2482:
2467:
2458:
2454:
2453:Hans Kollhoff
2447:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2431:
2426:
2411:
2401:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2385:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2366:
2352:
2348:
2338:
2335:
2330:
2329:Berlin Palace
2325:
2318:
2311:
2310:
2309:Rotes Rathaus
2297:
2295:
2291:
2279:
2278:Rotes Rathaus
2273:
2268:
2267:
2261:
2257:
2247:
2243:
2238:
2235:
2231:
2221:
2218:
2212:
2195:
2190:
2187:
2178:
2151:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2129:
2123:
2119:
2113:
2110:
2104:
2096:
2091:
2089:
2072:
2071:
2066:In 2005, the
2064:
2062:
2050:
2049:
2042:
2039:
2026:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1994:
1990:
1978:
1974:
1968:
1963:
1954:
1932:Alexanderhaus
1921:
1917:
1916:Hans Kollhoff
1910:
1902:
1901:Berlin Senate
1884:
1870:Alexanderhaus
1858:
1857:Hans Kollhoff
1851:
1847:
1838:
1828:
1816:
1811:
1807:
1805:
1799:
1798:Steffie Spira
1791:
1783:
1775:
1774:Heiner Müller
1767:
1759:
1751:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1732:demonstration
1725:of 1989, the
1724:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1709:
1689:
1681:
1672:
1668:
1660:
1652:
1648:
1634:
1629:
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1613:
1610:
1598:
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1585:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1546:
1542:
1535:
1534:
1522:
1518:
1503:
1488:
1480:
1475:
1468:
1461:
1460:
1452:
1451:Alfred Döblin
1447:. The writer
1446:
1436:
1435:Rudolf Nelson
1430:
1417:
1410:
1398:
1393:
1385:
1362:
1351:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1327:
1320:
1312:
1305:
1281:
1280:
1273:
1258:
1251:
1243:
1238:
1227:
1212:
1191:
1189:
1183:
1160:(1904–1911),
1139:
1131:
1130:Hermann Tietz
1124:
1121:
1103:
1096:
1088:
1070:
1069:was erected.
1062:
1052:
1041:
1026:
1017:
1011:
1001:
985:
974:
970:
969:to the city.
956:
951:
947:
934:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
905:
902:
897:
891:
871:
868:
862:
861:Kaiserstrasse
856:
849:
846:
841:
837:
822:
820:
814:
806:
799:
792:
784:
777:
771:
764:
757:
742:
737:
732:
729:
716:
708:
704:
701:In 1734, the
699:
696:
684:
679:
675:
671:
665:
654:
643:
634:
621:
607:
603:
600:
595:
591:
585:
578:
576:
571:
549:
541:
534:
528:
526:
521:
511:
505:
501:
497:
492:
490:
486:
452:Memhardt Plan
448:
444:
441:
436:
432:
428:
423:
417:
391:
385:
380:
367:
358:
356:
352:
340:
339:Rotes Rathaus
334:
329:
328:
322:
318:
308:
304:
303:Rotes Rathaus
297:
291:
286:
283:
279:
275:
271:
270:public square
268:) is a large
267:
260:
254:
246:
234:
226:
218:
210:
202:
176:
168:
160:
152:
144:
137:
136:
128:
122:
116:
110:
109:Fisher Island
106:
105:Museum Island
102:
96:
89:
53:
49:
46:
4716:Stasi Museum
4700:Molecule Man
4698:
4648:Viktoriapark
4563:Hauptbahnhof
4412:Neues Museum
4338:Tränenpalast
4279:Berliner Dom
4269:Altes Museum
4251:
4124:Museumsinsel
4120:Fischerinsel
4095:
4018:. Retrieved
4011:
4002:
3990:. Retrieved
3986:the original
3976:
3964:. Retrieved
3960:
3950:
3938:. Retrieved
3931:
3922:
3911:
3902:
3890:. Retrieved
3883:
3874:
3862:. Retrieved
3858:
3849:
3837:. Retrieved
3833:the original
3828:
3819:
3808:
3798:
3786:. Retrieved
3776:
3764:. Retrieved
3757:
3748:
3736:. Retrieved
3729:
3719:
3707:. Retrieved
3702:
3693:
3681:. Retrieved
3674:
3665:
3653:. Retrieved
3649:the original
3635:
3625:18 September
3623:. Retrieved
3619:
3610:
3600:18 September
3598:. Retrieved
3593:
3584:
3574:
3542:
3537:
3530:
3518:. Retrieved
3515:Visit Berlin
3514:
3505:
3493:. Retrieved
3489:the original
3464:
3423:
3406:
3405:. Abschnitt
3402:
3397:
3385:. Retrieved
3380:
3370:
3343:
3337:
3330:
3326:
3311:
3307:
3291:
3287:
3282:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3228:
3221:
2903:
2849:
2795:junction at
2749:
2740:junction at
2701:Grunerstraße
2612:
2543:
2485:
2472:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2415:
2367:
2339:
2334:Stadtschloss
2298:
2248:
2227:
2191:
2188:
2179:
2156:Wöhr + Bauer
2152:
2133:
2124:
2114:
2105:
2092:
2065:
2056:Berolinahaus
2043:
2032:Jan Kleihues
2029:and his son
2014:
1999:
1982:
1957:21st century
1922:
1911:
1890:Bernd Faskel
1876:Berolinahaus
1852:
1848:
1824:
1782:Lothar Bisky
1750:Christa Wolf
1720:
1700:
1675:East Germany
1667:Le Corbusier
1653:
1649:
1640:
1586:
1547:
1514:
1478:
1445:Lucie Berber
1422:total manoli
1394:
1352:
1347:Zum Prälaten
1339:
1286:Bunte Brettl
1274:
1228:
1192:
1125:
1114:Bunte Brettl
1076:
1042:
1027:
1012:
1002:
991:Königstädter
979:
952:
935:
931:day laborers
906:
883:Königstädter
879:
851:
833:
770:Königsbrücke
758:
733:
717:
700:
659:
653:Königsbrücke
629:(1789). The
604:
594:plague house
579:
572:
529:
522:
493:
463:
406:
309:
282:Russian Tsar
276:district of
265:
240:
239:
95:Berlin-Mitte
18:
4804:Spree River
4789:Berlin Wall
4706:Müggelberge
4459:Sony Center
4377:Kulturforum
4362:Hotel Adlon
4328:Fernsehturm
4296:Bode Museum
4257:Weltzeituhr
4151:Luisenstadt
4020:8 September
4016:(in German)
3992:8 September
3966:8 September
3940:8 September
3885:Der Spiegel
3839:3 September
3788:21 November
3766:3 September
3762:(in German)
3738:3 September
3734:(in German)
3683:3 September
3596:(in German)
3383:(in German)
3132:Fernsehturm
3110:World Clock
3088:World Clock
3070:Fernsehturm
3039:Fernsehturm
3018:Fernsehturm
3012:World Clock
2904:Apart from
2816:World Clock
2585:Southeast:
2576:Northeast:
2554:Northwest:
2266:Fernsehturm
2240: [
2194:Frank Gehry
2180:Behind the
1825:Ever since
1758:Stefan Heym
1721:During the
1714:Fernsehturm
1575:Königsstadt
1519:during the
1497:(1940–1945)
1240: [
1006:Königsstadt
953:During the
886:Theater by
830:(1805–1900)
736:David Gilly
678:King's Gate
674:Frederick I
615:(1701–1805)
599:Stelzenkrug
384:World Clock
327:Fernsehturm
285:Alexander I
188:Königsstadt
175:Königsstadt
159:Luisenstadt
40: /
4836:Categories
4756:New Palace
4694:Uber Arena
4638:Tiergarten
4382:Lustgarten
4318:DDR Museum
4101:Alt-Berlin
4073:district,
4069:locality (
3864:24 January
3709:6 February
3620:cityseeker
3495:30 January
3353:389422066X
3258:References
2809:See also:
2805:Structures
2719:Mollstraße
2521:lines for
2412:in Berlin
2234:graffitied
2000:The CUBIX
1950:Timmermann
1425:". Writer
1269:Schöneberg
1095:Überbrettl
915:fish wives
664:Königsberg
633:Alt Berlin
494:After the
489:Baltic Sea
458:Georgentor
422:Georgentor
290:Mollstraße
28:13°24′48″E
25:52°31′18″N
4799:Landmarks
4776:Sanssouci
4466:Reichstag
3892:17 August
3655:17 August
3594:Berlin.de
3520:9 January
3450:cite book
3442:984942416
3151:Die Mitte
3014:with the
2954:Aschinger
2728:(B 2 via
2539:bus lines
2494:provides
2425:die mitte
2260:City West
2141:die mitte
2002:multiplex
1923:In 1995,
1591:Wehrmacht
1216:Reichstag
950:in 1847.
901:Aschinger
517:Stralauer
321:City West
194:Altberlin
115:Altberlin
101:Old Cölln
3961:DIE WELT
3362:28807743
3329:, T. 4:
3310:, T. 3:
3290:, T. 2:
3241:), 2022.
3126:Park Inn
3092:Park Inn
3067:and the
2971:Tram at
2880:ceramics
2833:Berolina
2827:Berolina
2613:Several
2523:DB Regio
2372:and the
2274:and the
2147:Kollhoff
2006:CineStar
2004:cinema (
1944:Kollhoff
1896:Kollhoff
1873:and the
1864:Kollhoff
1740:Protests
1609:Landwehr
1564:Red Army
1556:Berolina
1333:and the
1266:Park in
1232:Wertheim
1182:Wertheim
1172:(1911).
1163:Wertheim
1120:Kabarett
1061:Berolina
873:—
801:, where
728:Kurprinz
707:palisade
670:Prussian
575:medieval
564:and the
500:fortress
474:Prenzlau
468:Oderberg
335:and the
299:and the
4794:Culture
4653:Wannsee
2734:to the
2517:lines,
2492:station
2430:Primark
2061:C&A
2048:Kaufhof
2018:Centrum
1616:flooded
1395:In the
819:suicide
487:on the
435:gallows
433:. As a
398:in 2013
374:in 1912
361:History
249:German:
61:in 2015
4819:S-Bahn
4814:U-Bahn
4311:museum
4236:Berlin
4075:Berlin
3810:Dezeen
3703:dw.com
3549:
3440:
3430:
3387:15 May
3360:
3350:
3306:Serie
3286:Serie
2884:enamel
2872:copper
2737:Barnim
2685:Pankow
2601:S-Bahn
2515:subway
2498:S-Bahn
2380:, and
2362:S-Bahn
2356:U-Bahn
2351:U-Bahn
2347:S-Bahn
2324:Palast
2321:. The
1977:U-Bahn
1967:S-Bahn
1621:U-Bahn
1602:S-Bahn
1367:S-Bahn
1361:U-Bahn
1254:, the
584:Bernau
480:Bernau
278:Berlin
205:(with
185:area (
171:(with
119:(with
103:(with
4852:Mitte
4244:Mitte
4175:with
4118:with
4114:Cölln
4105:with
4071:Mitte
4067:Mitte
3541:[
3331:Taufe
2900:Other
2876:glass
2481:trams
2446:Platz
2331:, or
2244:]
2136:Hines
2128:Platz
2118:Platz
1612:Canal
1481:) at
1373:Platz
1244:]
1222:Tietz
1196:Tietz
1175:Tietz
1157:Tietz
896:Taler
741:Platz
672:King
274:Mitte
4122:and
4022:2020
3994:2020
3968:2020
3942:2020
3894:2018
3866:2019
3841:2020
3790:2023
3768:2020
3740:2020
3711:2024
3685:2020
3657:2018
3627:2022
3602:2022
3547:ISBN
3522:2023
3497:2019
3456:link
3438:OCLC
3428:ISBN
3389:2023
3358:OCLC
3348:ISBN
3233:In:
3090:and
3086:The
3010:The
2882:and
2722:) –
2656:(to
2569:and
2527:ODEG
2525:and
2510:and
2349:and
2258:and
2230:tram
2115:The
1947:and
1887:and
1794:and
1691:The
1663:and
1587:The
1335:USPD
1315:and
1246:and
1206:and
1169:Hahn
1145:Hahn
1142:and
1003:The
942:and
929:and
504:Linz
477:and
319:and
197:) ,
191:and
179:) ,
4065:of
3043:on
2593:B 1
2571:B 5
2567:B 2
2388:'s
2080:to
1537:by
1289:at
213:),
123:),
111:),
4838::
4010:.
3959:.
3930:.
3910:.
3882:.
3857:.
3827:.
3807:.
3756:.
3728:.
3701:.
3673:.
3643:.
3618:.
3592:.
3561:^
3513:.
3474:^
3452:}}
3448:{{
3436:.
3414:^
3379:.
3356:.
3319:^
3299:^
2951:,
2945:,
2910:,
2896:.
2878:,
2874:,
2801:)
2779:–
2771:/
2765:–
2710:–
2704:/
2674:–
2648:–
2640:–
2632:/
2550::
2512:U8
2508:U5
2506:,
2504:U2
2292:,
2242:de
2063:.
2041:.
1909:.
1861:.
1829:,
1786:,
1778:,
1770:,
1762:,
1754:,
1738:.
1597:SS
1584:.
1562:,
1545:.
1487:.
1399:,
1337:.
1272:.
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1000:.
933:.
925:,
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756:.
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558:,
544:,
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3970:.
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3770:.
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3629:.
3604:.
3579:.
3555:.
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3458:)
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3409:.
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3364:.
3314:.
3294:.
3277:.
3237:(
3231:.
2957:)
2746:)
2696:)
2660:)
2595:)
2591:(
2573:)
2562:(
1477:(
247:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
