540:, forcing him out of all public positions. Only in the second half of 1904 he was able to retake his position in the corporation, also starting to work in the typography he owned. He maintained his post in the leadership of the corporation until the end of the decade, at times supporting positions that came into clear contradiction with the socialist ideas he had championed around the turn of the century. Resigning from the corporation in April 1909, Ionescu expressed in a
119:(PSDMR), he was part of its leadership throughout its existence, at the same time working for the unionisation of the Romanian workers. One of the few party leaders with actual working-class background, Ionescu opposed collaboration with the bourgeois political parties, and continued to support the existence of a workers' party even after the other leaders of PDSMR decided on the party's dissolution. A founder, along fellow-minded socialists, of the
560:, he also joined the Bucharest organisation of the PSR, but left in September, after disagreeing with the party's support of an waiters' strike. Ionescu regarded the waiters' demands for the right to request tips as contrary to socialist ideals, and deplored the attacks against waitresses printed in press of the PSR. Later that year, he briefly edited the newspaper
272:
38:
524:
Maintaining his support for the corporations as a mean to organise the working class, Alexandru
Ionescu succeeded in being elected vice-president of the Bucharest Graphical Arts Corporation in 1902. His attempts to introduce into the corporation's charter some guarantees for workers' welfare, such as
498:
interview) to the socialist revival in
Romania as an "utopia", Ionescu replied by expressing his belief that the workers should have their own organisations, despite the industrial backwardness of the country. Furthermore, he rejected the idea that the workers' movement should act as an appendage to
402:
Alexandru
Ionescu's growing opposition to the bourgeois members of the PSDMR leadership ("the generous youth") and their collaboration with the National Liberals led to his estrangement from the party. Nevertheless, he still supported the unity of the labour movement, and condemned the creation in
385:
of the typography workers. The demands included a 9-hour workday, Sunday rest, and a minimal weekly salary. Despite several pressures from the employers and the state authorities, who even sent soldiers in the typographies to replace the striking workers, the strike gathered 600 workers and lasted
372:
parties), seeking to bring the party closer to the proletariat. As a result, he come into a dispute with fellow PSDMR leader, Vasile Morţun, who envisioned the activism of the party as limited to memorandums and negotiations with the
National-Liberal and Conservative politicians. Favouring direct
474:
celebrations in 1900. Around this period he also bought along fellow worker
Alexandru Georgescu the former party's typography, which had accumulated major debts. Although this decision would be later criticised by other socialists, the transaction allowed the typography to continue printing the
515:
firmly opposed the law, while another, which included
Ionescu and Iosif Nădejde, had a more favourable view, believing corporations will gradually improve workers' lives. Alecu Constantinescu also supported joining corporations, although he hoped these could be transformed into socialists
295:
to it. The First
Congress of the PSDMR elected him member in the General Council, position he held until the party's disestablishment in 1899. As member of the PSDMR's leadership, Ionescu toured the country extensively, attempting to gather support for party from the workers of
564:("Social-democracy"), but his health problems prevented him from continuing activism. One of his last public appearances was during the funeral of Mille in 1927, when he read a eulogy for his former companion. Ionescu died in Bucharest in July 1929, being interred in the city's
241:
newspaper, one of the earliest
Romanian socialist journals. His articles covered various issues, from social investigations and the electoral system to the abuses of the authorities and the repression of the peasants. In 1892 he was elected vice-president of the
357:, and other socialist newspapers and magazines. His articles targeted the miserable life of the working class, the growing unemployment, as well as the politics of the two bourgeois parties. Ionescu also collaborated as a reporter with the republican newspaper
494:. Alexandru Ionescu, the managing editor of the new publication, condemned as opportunist the betrayal of the bourgeois former members of the PSDMR, who had by then received high political offices with the support of the PNL. When Ioan Nădejde referred (in an
129:, he supported at times ideas contradictory to his former socialist positions, but ultimately he rejected corporatism as a form of labour organisation. Despite some attempts at collaboration, he would never reintegrate in the mainstream socialist movement.
246:
association, four years later being promoted to president. During this period he worked towards the creation of a nationwide trade union of the workers in the typographic domain. Through his efforts, by the end of the 19th century the typographers from
320:, along Ioan Nădejde, Morţun, and Mille. Despite opposition from other leaders, Alexandru Ionescu supported the creation of an official organ of the party. The Second Congress of the PSDMR eventually decided in his favour, and in 1895 the newspaper
544:
article his disenchantment with this employer-controlled form of workers' organisation, and recognised that trade unions were better fitted to represent the interests of the proletarians. However, he did not join the socialist movement.
427:
delegation invited him as its representative, Ionescu rejected in an open letter the legality of the
Congress. Expressing his contempt for the bourgeois leaders of the party who had publicly abandoned basic socialist tenets such as
398:
association were accepted by 24 of the 28 typographical workshops in
Bucharest (the enterprises which refused to accept the demands of the workers notably included the publishers of Adevărul, owned by former socialist Mille).
458:(PNL), Alexandru Ionescu attempted to reorganise a workers' party with the help of other proletarian former members of the PSDMR. A meeting of the few remaining socialist, which also included Iosif Nădejde, Buzdugan and
529:, however his election was invalidated on the intervention of the agriculture minister, who feared Ionescu would be able to introduce socialist ideas on the agenda of the organisation. In July 1903 Ionescu suffered a
326:
went into print. Through his personal efforts, he was also able to establish a party typography, receiving praise at the Fifth Congress of the party. During late 1896, following several discussion at the Bucharest's
462:, attempted to revive the party in a June 1899 meeting, but the clubs had already dissolved in the aftermath of the Sixth Congress, and little progress was possible. Nevertheless, Ionescu participated in the
206:
typography fired him for "inciting workers to rebellion". In November 1887 he was again fired, this time from the State Publishing House, after organising a rally protesting the arrest of socialist activist
486:
association, but continued to collaborate with the local socialists. Later that year, the former members of the PSDMR which remained faithful to the socialist ideas created a new organisation, the
1421:
364:
As one of the few members of the council with genuine working-class background, Alexandru Ionescu opposed the attempts of other leaders to forge alliances with the "bourgeois parties" (the
423:. As a result, he was not invited at the hastily organised Sixth Congress of the PSDMR, when the bourgeois-dominated leadership decided on the party's disestablishment. Although the
463:
165:
146:
511:
principles, while bringing some improvements to the working conditions in Romania, prevented the formation of trade unions. A group around I.C. Frimu, D. Marinescu and
322:
125:
circle, Ionescu grew estranged from the main socialist grouping due to disagreements over the newly established labour legislation. Joining the government-sanctioned
345:
420:
335:, with Ionescu elected as president of the federation's Permanent Council in January 1897. In the meantime he continued his journalistic activity, publishing in
1300:
1312:
1262:
525:
minimum wage or fixed working time, failed, as they met the resistance of the employers. In March 1903 Ionescu was also elected in the Trade Chamber of the
516:
organisations from within. The supporters of the corporation succeeded in imposing their editorial line, however the newspaper ceased printing soon after.
155:
440:, decided to go ahead with the transformation of the PSDMR into a non-Marxist party, most of the proletarian delegates, including Frimu, Buzdugan and
1401:
470:, future prime-minister of Romania, although not enough to win the seat. Another feeble success of the reorganised Club was the organisation of the
280:
232:
377:
Workshops (1888), at the Army's Tailoring Workshops (1893), and in the leather cutters strike of 1891. On December 30, 1898, as president of the
65:
526:
200:. His articles, frequently criticising the working conditions in the industry, brought him into conflict with the employers; as a result the
288:
202:
116:
184:
reuniting employers and employees in the typographical industry, in 1885, Ionescu supported the collaboration of the association with the
369:
361:, but left in 1894, after the party decided the collaboration with a bourgeois journal counter-productive to the workers' cause.
237:
163:. In 1880, after four years of apprenticeship, he became a qualified worker, and was employed by the typography of the newspaper
455:
365:
1406:
373:
workers' action instead, Alexandru Ionescu participated in several strikes, including those that took place at the Bucharest
1391:
512:
1386:
1376:
1320:
Raţă, V. (1960). "Crearea Cercului Muncitorilor din București" [The creation of the Bucharest Workers' Circle].
188:
Society, which only comprised workers, even becoming secretary of the latter society. By 1886, he was the editor of the
436:, he called on the workers to reject any resolutions made at the meeting. As the "generous" faction, led by Morţun and
387:
227:, the Circle's membership rose to 300 by the beginning of 1890. This allowed the transformation of the Circle into the
20:
211:. During the same period, Ionescu was one of the founders of the first workers' cultural association in Romania, the
287:
Following years of exploratory meetings, in 1893 Alexandru Ionescu was one of the supporters of the creation of the
552:
did Ionescu return to socialist politics, issuing in 1919 a manifesto with ideas similar to those professed by the
466:
as the Bucharest Workers' Club candidate for the second electoral college, succeeding in obtaining more votes than
308:, he was one of the socialists who held regular conferences at the Sotir Hall, group which also included Nădejde,
1371:
490:("Working Class Romania") Circle, which in January 1902 began publishing the first short lived series of the
471:
1396:
1381:
433:
313:
215:, sitting as one of its two secretaries. Dissolved by the authorities in 1888 following major strikes, the
415:
article, Ionescu firmly rejected the idea of dissolving the party, gaining the support of Iosif Nădejde,
553:
153:
publishing house. Becoming a maker-up, he also worked in the typographic enterprises of the newspapers
1349:(6). Bucharest: Institutul de Studii Istorice şi Social-Politice de pe lîngă C.C. al P.C.R: 141–144.
1270:
1205:]. Pagini din istoria contimporană a României: 1881–1916 (in Romanian). Vol. I. Bucharest:
1292:
1220:
374:
142:
508:
126:
467:
235:, and Muşoiu. The same year he joined the other members of the committee as an editor at the
172:
Around 1883, Alexandru Ionescu was introduced to socialist ideas by the left-wing journalist
491:
121:
1416:
1411:
441:
8:
1286:
1214:
459:
208:
1350:
1329:
1245:
317:
504:
429:
316:. Between 1891 and 1899 he was constantly on the socialist electoral lists for the
173:
454:
While those responsible for the disestablishment of the PSDMR went on to join the
309:
276:
224:
219:
was reorganised in the second half of 1889, even succeeding to publish a journal,
141:, in a working-class family. After finishing primary school, he was employed as a
537:
437:
181:
108:
271:
37:
565:
557:
424:
382:
231:
in February 1890. The executive committee of the Club included Ionescu, Mille,
1365:
1354:
1333:
1249:
530:
408:
331:, 14 professional organisations decided to create a labour federation, the
503:
around the "Law of the Crafts" (also known as the "Missir Law", after the
549:
416:
404:
196:
of the typography workers, and, along Mille, a member of the Bucharest's
1206:
1188:
358:
252:
1328:(2). Bucharest: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne: 181–195.
1244:(2). Bucharest: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne: 349–367.
193:
138:
112:
61:
301:
297:
291:(PSDMR), providing it with working class support by affiliating the
16:
Romanian typographer, early labour leader and socialist journalist
917:
794:
533:
394:, which supported it financially. The principles demanded by the
256:
104:
92:
248:
1422:
People from the United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia
965:
536:, and, although he quickly underwent surgery, he was left with
905:
845:
833:
953:
929:
722:
1232:
Seria I–1902" [From the history of the workers' press:
986:
984:
982:
980:
881:
823:
821:
819:
817:
815:
813:
811:
809:
710:
635:
499:
the PNL. A dispute also arose among the editorial staff of
391:
676:
674:
672:
670:
668:
666:
664:
662:
586:
584:
582:
580:
42:
Alexandru Ionescu, Vasile G Morţun, and Ioan Nădejde, 1893
1128:
1104:
1080:
1068:
1020:
1008:
977:
806:
1032:
996:
941:
893:
869:
734:
686:
659:
623:
613:
611:
596:
577:
1281:] (in Romanian). Bucharest: Biblioteca Socialistă.
782:
770:
758:
746:
698:
304:, Craiova, Ploieşti and Iaşi. With the revival of the
1228:
Felea, Ion (1962). "Din istoria presei muncitoreşti:
1164:
1152:
1140:
1116:
1092:
1056:
857:
647:
1044:
608:
482:
In 1901 Ionescu withdrew from the presidency of the
275:Alexandru Ionescu (left) with fellow PSDMR leaders
386:for ten weeks. It also garnered support from the
223:. Through the activism of Ionescu, Bacalbaşa and
132:
1363:
1341:Tănăsescu, Florian (1968). "Alexandru Ionescu".
66:United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia
1299:
1275:Socialismul în România: 1835–6 septembrie 1940
971:
959:
935:
923:
911:
851:
839:
800:
728:
641:
1305:Mişcarea muncitorească din România: 1893–1900
519:
176:. Entering the administration council of the
1279:Socialism in Romania: 1835–September 6, 1940
403:1898 of a new workers' club, influenced by
103:(July 29, 1862 – July 9, 1929) was a
527:Bucharest Chamber of Commerce and Industry
36:
1340:
1309:The labour movement in Romania: 1893–1900
990:
827:
680:
590:
289:Romanian Social Democratic Workers' Party
117:Romanian Social Democratic Workers' Party
19:For other people with the same name, see
1402:Romanian typographers and type designers
1269:
1196:
1038:
1002:
947:
899:
887:
875:
788:
776:
764:
752:
740:
716:
704:
653:
270:
266:
1256:
1170:
1146:
1134:
1122:
1110:
1098:
1062:
1026:
1014:
863:
692:
617:
602:
388:International Typographical Secretariat
149:, then as a student typographer at the
1364:
1259:Alexandru Ionescu: studiu şi antologie
1227:
1086:
1074:
1050:
507:that proposed it). The law, based on
447:
1319:
1261:. Evocări (in Romanian). Bucharest:
629:
1186:"Moartea ziaristului Al. Ionescu".
13:
21:Alexandru Ionescu (disambiguation)
14:
1433:
1203:The socialist movement: 1881–1900
1185:
1158:
333:Union of the guilds' trade unions
115:journalist. A founding member of
1311:] (in Romanian). Bucharest:
1199:Mişcarea socialistă: 1881–1900
137:Alexandru Ionescu was born in
133:Early life and labour activism
1:
1179:
1407:Romanian trade union leaders
556:(PSR). On the insistence of
314:Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea
7:
1392:Romanian newspaper founders
1257:Ionescu, Vasile G. (1970).
411:ideas. In March 1899, in a
381:association, he declared a
10:
1438:
1387:Romanian newspaper editors
1377:Politicians from Bucharest
1322:Studii. Revistă de istorie
1271:Petrescu, Constantin Titel
1238:Studii. Revistă de istorie
1192:(13970): 6 . 10 July 1929.
554:Socialist Party of Romania
520:Corporatism and later life
18:
1197:Atanasiu, Ion C. (n.d.).
88:
72:
47:
35:
28:
1236:First series–1902].
571:
306:Circle of Social Studies
198:Circle of Social Studies
444:, resigned in protest.
259:became associated with
166:L'Indépendance Roumaine
456:National Liberal Party
421:Constantin Z. Buzdugan
284:
147:State Publishing House
274:
267:Activity in the PSDMR
122:Working-class Romania
1291:: CS1 maint: year (
1219:: CS1 maint: year (
632:, pp. 187, 193.
442:Alecu Constantinescu
1397:Romanian socialists
1382:Romanian columnists
1372:Adevărul columnists
1301:Popescu-Puţuri, Ion
1089:, pp. 364–365.
1077:, pp. 352–353.
972:Popescu-Puţuri 1965
960:Popescu-Puţuri 1965
936:Popescu-Puţuri 1965
926:, pp. 164–168.
924:Popescu-Puţuri 1965
912:Popescu-Puţuri 1965
890:, pp. 123–124.
852:Popescu-Puţuri 1965
840:Popescu-Puţuri 1965
803:, pp. 128–129.
801:Popescu-Puţuri 1965
729:Popescu-Puţuri 1965
719:, pp. 106–106.
642:Popescu-Puţuri 1965
492:eponymous newspaper
430:collective property
355:Almanahul socialist
107:typographer, early
1234:Romînia muncitoare
1230:Romînia muncitoare
542:România Muncitoare
501:România Muncitoare
488:România Muncitoare
460:Dimitrie Marinescu
449:România Muncitoare
346:Democraţia socială
285:
156:Curierul financiar
83:Bucharest, Romania
1137:, pp. 72–74.
1113:, pp. 68–70.
1029:, pp. 60–61.
1017:, pp. 59–60.
695:, pp. 46–47.
605:, pp. 15–16.
562:Social-democraţia
161:Le people Roumain
101:Alexandru Ionescu
98:
97:
30:Alexandru Ionescu
1429:
1358:
1343:Anale de Istorie
1337:
1316:
1313:Editura Politică
1296:
1290:
1282:
1266:
1263:Editura Politică
1253:
1224:
1218:
1210:
1207:Editura Adevĕrul
1193:
1174:
1168:
1162:
1156:
1150:
1144:
1138:
1132:
1126:
1120:
1114:
1108:
1102:
1096:
1090:
1084:
1078:
1072:
1066:
1060:
1054:
1048:
1042:
1036:
1030:
1024:
1018:
1012:
1006:
1000:
994:
988:
975:
974:, p. 94-96.
969:
963:
957:
951:
945:
939:
933:
927:
921:
915:
909:
903:
897:
891:
885:
879:
873:
867:
861:
855:
849:
843:
837:
831:
825:
804:
798:
792:
786:
780:
774:
768:
762:
756:
750:
744:
738:
732:
726:
720:
714:
708:
702:
696:
690:
684:
678:
657:
651:
645:
639:
633:
627:
621:
615:
606:
600:
594:
588:
513:Ştefan Gheorghiu
468:Vintilă Brătianu
434:internationalism
366:National Liberal
174:Constantin Mille
79:
57:
55:
40:
26:
25:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1362:
1361:
1345:(in Romanian).
1324:(in Romanian).
1284:
1283:
1240:(in Romanian).
1212:
1211:
1182:
1177:
1169:
1165:
1157:
1153:
1145:
1141:
1133:
1129:
1121:
1117:
1109:
1105:
1097:
1093:
1085:
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1073:
1069:
1061:
1057:
1049:
1045:
1037:
1033:
1025:
1021:
1013:
1009:
1001:
997:
989:
978:
970:
966:
958:
954:
946:
942:
934:
930:
922:
918:
910:
906:
898:
894:
886:
882:
874:
870:
862:
858:
850:
846:
838:
834:
826:
807:
799:
795:
787:
783:
775:
771:
763:
759:
751:
747:
739:
735:
727:
723:
715:
711:
703:
699:
691:
687:
679:
660:
652:
648:
640:
636:
628:
624:
616:
609:
601:
597:
589:
578:
574:
538:amnesic aphasia
522:
452:
438:George Diamandy
269:
213:Workers' Circle
209:Anton Bacalbaşa
182:benefit society
135:
84:
81:
77:
68:
59:
53:
51:
43:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1435:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1360:
1359:
1338:
1317:
1303:, ed. (1965).
1297:
1267:
1254:
1225:
1194:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1163:
1151:
1139:
1127:
1115:
1103:
1091:
1079:
1067:
1055:
1053:, p. 349.
1043:
1041:, p. 162.
1031:
1019:
1007:
1005:, p. 150.
995:
993:, p. 144.
991:Tănăsescu 1968
976:
964:
952:
950:, p. 144.
940:
928:
916:
914:, p. 159.
904:
902:, p. 139.
892:
880:
878:, p. 117.
868:
856:
854:, p. 113.
844:
842:, p. 134.
832:
830:, p. 143.
828:Tănăsescu 1968
805:
793:
781:
769:
757:
745:
743:, p. 109.
733:
721:
709:
707:, p. 335.
697:
685:
683:, p. 142.
681:Tănăsescu 1968
658:
646:
634:
622:
620:, pp. 17.
607:
595:
593:, p. 141.
591:Tănăsescu 1968
575:
573:
570:
566:Bellu cemetery
558:Ilie Moscovici
521:
518:
505:PNL politician
464:1899 elections
451:
446:
383:general strike
318:second college
268:
265:
134:
131:
96:
95:
90:
86:
85:
82:
80:(aged 66)
74:
70:
69:
60:
49:
45:
44:
41:
33:
32:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1434:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1288:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1226:
1222:
1216:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1195:
1191:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1173:, p. 76.
1172:
1167:
1160:
1159:Adevĕrul 1929
1155:
1149:, p. 74.
1148:
1143:
1136:
1131:
1125:, p. 71.
1124:
1119:
1112:
1107:
1101:, p. 68.
1100:
1095:
1088:
1083:
1076:
1071:
1065:, p. 62.
1064:
1059:
1052:
1047:
1040:
1039:Petrescu n.d.
1035:
1028:
1023:
1016:
1011:
1004:
1003:Petrescu n.d.
999:
992:
987:
985:
983:
981:
973:
968:
962:, p. 89.
961:
956:
949:
948:Petrescu n.d.
944:
938:, p. 84.
937:
932:
925:
920:
913:
908:
901:
900:Petrescu n.d.
896:
889:
888:Atanasiu n.d.
884:
877:
876:Petrescu n.d.
872:
866:, p. 48.
865:
860:
853:
848:
841:
836:
829:
824:
822:
820:
818:
816:
814:
812:
810:
802:
797:
791:, p. 56.
790:
789:Atanasiu n.d.
785:
779:, p. 72.
778:
777:Atanasiu n.d.
773:
767:, p. 91.
766:
765:Petrescu n.d.
761:
755:, p. 74.
754:
753:Atanasiu n.d.
749:
742:
741:Petrescu n.d.
737:
731:, p. 53.
730:
725:
718:
717:Petrescu n.d.
713:
706:
705:Atanasiu n.d.
701:
694:
689:
682:
677:
675:
673:
671:
669:
667:
665:
663:
656:, p. 90.
655:
654:Petrescu n.d.
650:
644:, p. 43.
643:
638:
631:
626:
619:
614:
612:
604:
599:
592:
587:
585:
583:
581:
576:
569:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
546:
543:
539:
535:
532:
531:temporal lobe
528:
517:
514:
510:
506:
502:
497:
493:
489:
485:
480:
478:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
450:
445:
443:
439:
435:
431:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
400:
397:
393:
389:
384:
380:
376:
371:
367:
362:
360:
356:
352:
348:
347:
342:
338:
334:
330:
329:Workers' Club
325:
324:
319:
315:
311:
310:Vasile Morţun
307:
303:
299:
294:
290:
282:
278:
277:Vasile Morţun
273:
264:
262:
258:
254:
250:
245:
240:
239:
234:
230:
226:
225:Panait Muşoiu
222:
218:
214:
210:
205:
204:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
170:
168:
167:
162:
158:
157:
152:
148:
144:
140:
130:
128:
124:
123:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
94:
91:
87:
75:
71:
67:
63:
58:July 29, 1862
50:
46:
39:
34:
27:
22:
1346:
1342:
1325:
1321:
1308:
1304:
1278:
1274:
1258:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1202:
1198:
1187:
1171:Ionescu 1970
1166:
1161:, p. 6.
1154:
1147:Ionescu 1970
1142:
1135:Ionescu 1970
1130:
1123:Ionescu 1970
1118:
1111:Ionescu 1970
1106:
1099:Ionescu 1970
1094:
1082:
1070:
1063:Ionescu 1970
1058:
1046:
1034:
1027:Ionescu 1970
1022:
1015:Ionescu 1970
1010:
998:
967:
955:
943:
931:
919:
907:
895:
883:
871:
864:Ionescu 1970
859:
847:
835:
796:
784:
772:
760:
748:
736:
724:
712:
700:
693:Ionescu 1970
688:
649:
637:
625:
618:Ionescu 1970
603:Ionescu 1970
598:
561:
547:
541:
523:
500:
495:
487:
483:
481:
476:
453:
448:
412:
409:anti-Semitic
401:
395:
378:
370:Conservative
363:
354:
350:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
321:
305:
292:
286:
281:Ioan Nădejde
260:
243:
236:
233:Ioan Nădejde
229:Workers Club
228:
220:
216:
212:
201:
197:
189:
185:
177:
171:
164:
160:
154:
150:
136:
127:corporations
120:
100:
99:
78:(1929-07-09)
76:July 9, 1929
1417:1929 deaths
1412:1862 births
550:World War I
548:Only after
509:corporatist
417:I. C. Frimu
405:nationalist
186:Deşteptarea
180:Society, a
111:leader and
89:Nationality
1366:Categories
1180:References
1087:Felea 1962
1075:Felea 1962
1051:Felea 1962
477:Lumea Nouă
413:Lumea Nouă
341:Lumea Nouă
323:Lumea Nouă
203:Telegraful
151:Carol Göbl
143:compositor
54:1862-07-29
1355:1010-5506
1334:0567-6304
1287:cite book
1250:0567-6304
1215:cite book
630:Raţă 1960
484:Gutenberg
396:Gutenberg
379:Gutenberg
351:Gutenberg
293:Gutenberg
261:Gutenberg
244:Gutenberg
190:Gutenberg
178:Gutenberg
139:Bucharest
113:socialist
62:Bucharest
1273:(n.d.).
1189:Adevĕrul
496:Adevărul
475:journal
375:Railways
359:Adevărul
253:Ploieşti
105:Romanian
93:Romanian
534:abscess
472:May Day
283:in 1893
257:Craiova
221:Revolta
145:at the
1353:
1332:
1248:
312:, and
302:Brăila
298:Galaţi
255:, and
217:Circle
192:, the
109:labour
1307:[
1277:[
1201:[
572:Notes
425:Roman
337:Munca
238:Munca
194:organ
1351:ISSN
1330:ISSN
1326:XIII
1293:link
1246:ISSN
1221:link
432:and
419:and
407:and
392:Bern
368:and
279:and
249:Iaşi
159:and
73:Died
48:Born
1347:XIV
390:in
1368::
1289:}}
1285:{{
1242:XV
1217:}}
1213:{{
979:^
808:^
661:^
610:^
579:^
568:.
479:.
353:,
349:,
343:,
339:,
300:,
263:.
251:,
169:.
64:,
1357:.
1336:.
1315:.
1295:)
1265:.
1252:.
1223:)
1209:.
56:)
52:(
23:.
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