27:
445:. She held the crusaders that came to her father's aid in contempt for their actions against the Empire after they looted various conquests and failed to return to the Basileus' demesne many of the lands they promised to return to him. She regarded the crusaders, whom she refers to as Celts, Latins and Normans, as uneducated barbarians. Despite this, Anna claims that she portrayed them in a neutral light. Some historians believe her work to be biased because of her feelings towards the Crusaders and how highly she regarded her father.
588:
historical text have been assigned to her gender both positively and negatively. This interpretation of her histories is known as a "gendered history", meaning it is the history of
Alexios and of Anna through her style, which is not seen in male authors. While the Roman historian Edward Gibbon saw this "gendered" narrative to betray "in every page the vanity of a female author", with some scholars agreeing with him, other scholars claim that this style might be indicative of Anna's mentor,
600:
lack of modern feminist ideals, without which she was not interested in questioning her societal place in her narrative, even though her depictions of women do not fit in with the majority of male authors of the time. Her style can be understood from her belief that intelligence and nobility are far greater than gender in terms of importance and so Anna does not view her history as overstepping any necessary gender roles.
186:
575:
that she will stop crying properly to return to her duty of history, an episode which she repeats twice in the narrative. She shows a desire to control aspects that are, for her culture, feminine. Anna concerns herself primarily with intellect, which she attributes to men and women. Her attitudes, along with the lack of comparable sources from female authors in that era, make the
574:
never cry, with the exception of
Alexios' funeral, during which grief is the appropriate cultural response. None of the female characters act in a cowardly way. She points to her own gender in a similar way when mentioning her own tears while writing certain events. Immediately she informs the reader
541:
It is largely agreed that Anna
Komnene was the author. The predominance of military matters is argued to match Anna's choice to write history in the epic genre, reflecting the cultural influence of her family. Mentions in the text of her engagement, her role as a wife and the commentary on her female
550:, so that "t is not necessary to imagine that she left out a reference to her most important source". Many scholars believe that the great detail about her father's home life and military style, combined with her experiences and mentions of femininity, provide a strong case for her authorship of the
428:
interests many historians because Anna wrote it in a different format to the norm of the time. Anna
Komnene is the only female Greek historiographer of her era and historians are keen to believe that her style of writing owes much to her being a woman. Despite including herself in the historiography
398:
and religious conflict. Anna
Komnene chronicles the different groups of people involved in the crusades, and refers to them as "Celts", "Latins", and "Normans". She also talks about her father, Alexios Komnenos in great detail and his conquests throughout his rule from 1081 to 1118. She does this by
599:
Anna
Komnene is considered unique for her time in the intensity by which she integrates her own narrative and emotion and yet she does not mention all personal details, such as having four children. For some, this combination of style and lack of personal, gendered information is reconciled by her
562:
Women of the aristocracy had more opportunities to pursue higher education, in comparison to those of humble origins, whose education was mainly learning to write and read, memorizing psalms and studying the scriptures. Some female aristocrats had an interest in literature and would be praised for
546:"unmistakable", according to some scholars. She certainly could have written about military affairs, since she was able to accompany her father, the emperor, on military campaigns. She names her sources explicitly as "those who accompanied the emperor on campaign", as well as Alexios Komnenos and
587:
Anna
Komnene's unusual style of writing history has been attributed to her gender. Her style is noteworthy in that it included a history of her father's actions during the First Crusade and her reactions to some of these events. Her opinions and commentary on particular events in an otherwise
197:
487:
for his accession to the throne (in place of Anna herself) following
Alexios' death. From a modern reader's point of view, the inconsistencies in the descriptions of military events and the Empire's misfortunes (partially due to these literary and especially
453:
In her introduction, Anna
Komnene stated her intention to record true events and to give an account of her father's deeds which "do not deserve to be consigned to forgetfulness". She is aware that in writing her father's history she may be accused of using
517:
was in fact written by Anna
Komnene. One scholar stated that the text gives very few comments that would suggest the author's gender or any other aspect of their background, aside from a few explicit mentions. This has led some scholars to argue that the
570:, Anna Komnene portrays gender and gender stereotypes in an unusual way. Like her male counterparts, she characterizes women along the typical stereotypes, such as being "liable to tears and as cowardly in the face of danger". Despite this, women in the
215:
The book is divided into 15 books and a prologue. Its scope is limited to the duration of Alexios' reign, which it is thus able to depict in full detail, especially regarding political relations between the Byzantine Empire and western European powers.
161:– a topic which is very common in contemporary writing. It documents firsthand the decline of Byzantine cultural influence in eastern and western Europe, particularly in the West's increasing involvement in its geographic sphere. The
458:
language and often tries to remind the reader of her integrity as an impartial reporter of past events. Emphasis on Alexios as a "specifically Christian emperor", and a moral as well as politically laudable one, is pervasive.
419:
was written in Greek in around 1148 and first edited by Possinus in 1651. Anna Komnene described herself in the text and openly acknowledges her feelings and opinions for some events, which goes against the typical format of
563:
their depth of knowledge by contemporary writers. Despite that, Komnene's high education and expertise in secular literature – the study of which was typically discouraged – remained exceptional.
403:
in her work, as stated by Lenora Neville, "the characterization of Alexios as wily sea captain steering the empire through constant storms with guile and courage strongly recalls
145:. Anna described the political and military history of the Byzantine Empire during the reign of her father, thus providing a significant account on the Byzantium of the
1419:
441:
Anna Komnene's writings are a major source of information on her father, Alexios I of the Byzantine Empire. She was around the age of 55 when she began work on the
1585:
596:
as a model for her narration in her history and took his style even further, suggesting it was not her gender but her influences that led to her writing style.
424:. She differed widely from Greek prose historians and because of this the book was initially well received; it was subjected to criticism later. The
829:
467:
tradition, while contrasting it with the negative portrait of or the absence of, his successors John II and Manuel I. Anna discussed the Latins (
1689:
1600:
715:
704:
The Alexiad of the Princess Anna Comnena: being the history of the reign of her father, Alexius I, Emperor of the Romans, 1081–1118 A.D.
685:
26:
1834:
Reinsch, Diether R. (2000), "Women's Literature in Byzantium? – The Case of Anna Komnene", in Thalia Gouma-Peterson (ed.),
1920:
1431:
429:
and the other qualities that make her style vastly different from the typical historiography of the era, Anna Komnene's
1525:
1925:
1788:
1569:
776:
769:
762:
743:
733:
1700:
Anonyme Metaphrase zu Anna Komnene, Alexias XI–XIII. Ein Beitrag zur Erschließung der byzantinischen Umgangssprache
531:
157:
and highlights the conflicting perceptions of the East and West in the early 12th century. It does not mention the
579:
considered by some a poor source to use when gauging how average women in Byzantium felt about the First Crusade.
1843:
1811:
1748:
1722:
1674:
1548:
1506:
1487:
1455:
843:
681:
36:
1930:
1872:
1945:
1703:
530:
and suggests that Anna was merely working from her husband's field notes, thus Howard-Johnston renames it "
1935:
663:
822:
1667:
Alexios I Komnenos: Papers of the Second Belfast Byzantine International Colloquium, 14–16 April 1989
238:
172:
in mid-14th century to increase its readability, which testifies to the work's lasting interest.
1940:
1631:
786:
671:
377:
addresses domestic conflicts and the Norman preparation for their second invasion (1105–1107).
273:
also addresses war against the Normans (1082–1083) and their first clash with the "heretics".
1609:
805:
523:
399:
presenting a "Byzantine view" of the Crusades. Some historians have noticed the influence of
367:
116:
1915:
1758:
158:
8:
912:
after the mid-1140s because in it she comments obliquely on the politics surrounding the
853:
300:
130:
historical and biographical text written around the year 1148, by the Byzantine princess
863:, tr. Giacinto Agnello (Palermo: Palazzo Comitini edizioni, 2010) ISBN 978-88-967621-0-3
1853:
Shlosser, Franziska E. (1990), "Byzantine Studies and the History of the Crusades: The
1648:
Hill, Barbara (1996), "A Vindication of the Rights of Women to Power by Anna Komnene",
547:
493:
138:
1839:
1807:
1800:
1784:
1744:
1718:
1710:
1683:
1670:
1594:
1565:
1544:
1535:
Frankopan, Peter (2002), "Perception and Projections of Prejudice: Anna Comnena, the
1521:
1502:
1483:
1451:
839:
739:
729:
677:
277:
addresses the end of war against the Normans (1085) and the death of Robert Guiscard.
135:
904:, p. 1142 puts the date of the composition after 1148 without arguing his case.
1884:
1822:
873:
725:
484:
146:
92:
1559:
792:
707:
589:
460:
400:
363:
227:
1889:
913:
421:
206:
169:
107:
78:
1909:
1732:
1580:
878:
614:
475:"), whom she described as barbarians. This distaste extends to the Turks and
395:
345:
308:
782:) (contains an edition of the Greek text no longer considered authoritative)
608:
Below is a list of manuscripts containing the complete work or its summary.
761:, ed. and tr. Bernard Leib, 3 vols., Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1937–1945 (
337:
addresses the end of the Scythian war (1091) and plots against the Emperor.
262:
131:
48:
492:
influences) may seem exaggerated and stereotypical. Despite these issues,
883:
464:
142:
127:
68:
1612:(1996), "Engendered Category or Recognizable Life: Anna Komnene and Her
381:
addresses Aaron's conspiracy and the second Norman invasion (1107–1108).
835:
811:
166:
185:
1539:
and the First Crusade", in Susan B. Edgington; Sarah Lambert (eds.),
711:
476:
455:
82:
1873:"Anna Komnene and Her Sources for Military Affairs in the 'Alexiad'"
1142:
404:
330:
Pecheneg incursions on the northern Byzantine frontier (Books 7–8)
320:
154:
1520:, translated by E. R. A. Sewter (Rev. ed.), London: Penguin,
542:
modesty that influences her writing make Anna's authorship of the
592:. Some take this even further to suggest that Anna used Psellos'
468:
463:
compares Alexios' treatment in the text to the techniques of the
296:
284:
Byzantine relations with the Turks (Books 6–7, 9–10, and 14–15):
258:
242:
223:
1717:, vol. 2, New York: Oxford University Press, p. 1142,
253:
addresses Alexios as Emperor (1081), the internal problems with
1759:"Lamentation, History, and Female Authorship in Anna Komnene's
1299:
472:
254:
1075:
489:
1287:
315:
addresses Turks, Franks, Cumans and Manicheans (1108–1115).
1323:
1154:
196:
1806:(Rev. ed.), New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press,
1471:
of Anna Komnene: Artistic Strategy in the Making of a Myth
1347:
1119:
1117:
1104:
1102:
1087:
307:
addresses war against the Cumans and the beginning of the
1166:
759:
Alexiade (règne de l'empereur Alexis I Comnène 1081-1118)
1024:
1022:
1020:
1018:
993:
991:
989:
955:
522:
was not written by a woman. This belief, put forward by
1781:
Anna Komnene: The Life and Work of a Medieval Historian
1586:
The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
1114:
1099:
1713:(1991), "Komnene, Anna", in Kazhdan, Alexander (ed.),
1275:
1214:
1202:
1063:
1034:
943:
919:
153:
documents the Byzantine Empire's interaction with the
1395:
1371:
1359:
1335:
1190:
1178:
1015:
986:
299:
and the Dalmatians (1092–1094) and the conspiracy of
1238:
976:
974:
972:
970:
1311:
908:, p. 5 explains that "Anna was working on the
738:revised by Peter Frankopan (London: Penguin, 2009)
638:
Codex Monacensis Graecus 355 (prologue and summary)
209:
and the Crusaders Counsil, 13th century manuscript.
121:
1838:, translated by Thomas Dunlap, New York: Garland,
1799:
1661:Howard-Johnston, J. (1996), "Anna Komnene and the
1383:
1250:
1226:
1003:
641:Codex Parisinus Graecus 400 (prologue and summary)
635:Codex Vaticanus Graecus 981 (prologue and summary)
1561:Byzantine Women: Varieties of Experience 800-1200
967:
931:
724:, tr. Edgar Robert Ashton Sewter (Harmondsworth:
526:, focuses mainly on the military sections of the
291:addresses war against the Scythians (1087–1090).
1907:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1660:
1148:
1136:
269:addresses war against the Normans (1081–1082).
1735:(2000), "The Pen and the Sword: Who Wrote the
1608:
1293:
433:has been seen as a "straightforward" history.
16:12th-century Byzantine history by Anna Komnene
1857:of Anna Comnena as Source for the Crusades",
1046:
513:There has been some debate as to whether the
355:also addresses the First Crusade (1097–1104).
557:
348:and Byzantine reactions to it (Books 10–11)
222:Attacks against the Byzantine empire by the
1797:
1093:
1883:(2), Sociedad Española de Bizantinística,
1688:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1599:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
508:
1888:
1534:
1516:Frankopan, Peter (2009), "Introduction",
1515:
1353:
1123:
1108:
1081:
961:
949:
925:
141:. It was written in a form of artificial
1870:
1852:
1731:
1329:
1208:
1172:
1160:
629:Codex Ottobonianus Graecus 131 & 137
503:
237:addresses Alexios' becoming general and
1833:
1778:
1756:
1709:
1629:
1557:
1543:, New York: Columbia University Press,
1477:
1473:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
1464:
1377:
1365:
1281:
1220:
1196:
1184:
1069:
1040:
1028:
1009:
997:
905:
901:
1908:
1697:
1579:
1496:
1417:
1401:
1341:
1305:
980:
937:
1783:, New York: Oxford University Press,
1743:, New York: Garland, pp. 63–81,
1739:?", in Gouma-Peterson, Thalia (ed.),
1445:
1317:
712:Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co.
646:
319:addresses the last expeditions — The
1647:
1501:, New Haven: Yale University Press,
1389:
1256:
1244:
1232:
676:(2 vols., Berlin: De Gruyter, 2001)
1767:Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies
582:
13:
1715:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
410:
362:Attacks on Byzantine frontiers by
245:' preparation for their invasion.
14:
1957:
1827:Women in World History Curriculum
1820:
1632:"Bibliography, Anna Comnena: The
1418:Brians, Paul (18 December 1998),
1057:
651:
626:Codex Barberinianus 235 & 236
496:emphasizes the importance of the
852:, tr. Diether Reinsch (Cologne:
249:addresses the Komnenian revolt.
195:
184:
25:
1630:Halsall, Paul (February 2001),
1482:. University of Chicago Press.
1262:
1129:
692:
323:— Death of Alexios (1116–1118).
31:12th-century manuscript of the
1877:Revista de Estudios Bizantinos
1802:History of the Byzantine State
895:
603:
37:Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana
1:
1410:
831:Alexiad. Malazgirt'in Sonrası
686:vol. I: Prolegomena et Textus
436:
295:addresses operations against
1798:Ostrogorsky, George (1969),
1704:Austrian Academy of Sciences
716:Internet Medieval Sourcebook
623:Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1438
175:
7:
1890:10.1344/EBizantinos2014.2.6
1497:Connor, Carolyn L. (2004),
1478:Cavallo, Guglielmo (1997).
1428:Washington State University
867:
613:Codex Coislinianus 311, in
122:
10:
1962:
1921:12th-century history books
1836:Anna Komnene and Her Times
1741:Anna Komnene and Her Times
1465:Buckley, Penelope (2014),
838:(Istanbul: İnkılâp, 1996)
819:Paměti byzantské princezny
697:
149:. Among other topics, the
1859:Byzantinische Forschungen
1779:Neville, Leonora (2016),
1757:Neville, Leonora (2013),
1650:Byzantinische Forschungen
1618:Byzantinische Forschungen
802:, tr. Oktawiusz Jurewicz
632:Codex Apographum Gronovii
558:Representations of gender
385:
111:
88:
74:
64:
54:
44:
24:
1926:Texts about the Crusades
1698:Hunger, Herbert (1981),
1446:Brown, R. Allen (1984),
889:
751:
668:and Athanasios Kambylis
241:. It also discusses the
205:Alexios I Komnenos with
1871:Sinclair, Kyle (2014),
1558:Garland, Linda (2006).
1450:, London: St. Martins,
509:Questions of authorship
500:as a primary document.
448:
1610:Gouma-Peterson, Thalia
1541:Gendering the Crusades
660:, ed. Diether Reinsch
658:Annae Comnenae Alexias
620:Codex Florentinus 70,2
390:The main theme of the
239:Domestikos ton Scholon
795:(Moscow: Nauka, 1965)
504:Gender and authorship
368:Bohemond I of Antioch
226:, under their leader
1931:Byzantine literature
1642:, Fordham University
1272:4.8.1 and Prol. 4.2.
1149:Howard-Johnston 1996
1137:Howard-Johnston 1996
825:(Praha: Odeon, 1996)
1946:Epic poems in Greek
1640:Medieval Sourcebook
1332:, pp. 397–398.
1294:Gouma-Peterson 1996
1151:, p. 289, 302.
1084:, p. xxi–xxii.
810:(2 vols., Wrocław:
301:Nicephorus Diogenes
165:was paraphrased in
55:Original title
21:
1936:Alexios I Komnenos
1711:Kazhdan, Alexander
1499:Women of Byzantium
1163:, p. 145–146.
1139:, pp. 260–302
1135:For examples, see
647:Published editions
548:George Palaiologos
494:George Ostrogorsky
139:Alexios I Komnenos
19:
809:
675:
667:
120:
98:
97:
89:Publication place
1953:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1892:
1866:
1848:
1829:
1816:
1805:
1793:
1774:
1753:
1727:
1706:
1693:
1687:
1679:
1656:
1643:
1625:
1604:
1598:
1590:
1575:
1553:
1530:
1511:
1493:
1474:
1460:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1430:, archived from
1405:
1399:
1393:
1387:
1381:
1375:
1369:
1363:
1357:
1356:, p. 69–70.
1351:
1345:
1339:
1333:
1327:
1321:
1315:
1309:
1308:, book 3, p. 69.
1303:
1297:
1291:
1285:
1279:
1273:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1248:
1242:
1236:
1230:
1224:
1218:
1212:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1175:, p. 67–68.
1170:
1164:
1158:
1152:
1146:
1140:
1133:
1127:
1121:
1112:
1106:
1097:
1094:Ostrogorsky 1969
1091:
1085:
1079:
1073:
1067:
1061:
1055:
1044:
1038:
1032:
1026:
1013:
1007:
1001:
995:
984:
978:
965:
959:
953:
947:
941:
935:
929:
923:
917:
899:
874:Byzantine Empire
823:Růžena Dostálová
803:
669:
661:
583:Gender and style
485:John II Komnenos
483:also criticized
257:family, and the
199:
188:
147:High Middle Ages
125:
115:
113:
93:Byzantine Empire
29:
22:
18:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1895:
1893:
1846:
1814:
1791:
1751:
1725:
1681:
1680:
1677:
1592:
1591:
1572:
1551:
1528:
1509:
1490:
1458:
1437:
1435:
1434:on 2 April 2013
1420:"Anna Comnena:
1413:
1408:
1400:
1396:
1388:
1384:
1376:
1372:
1364:
1360:
1352:
1348:
1340:
1336:
1328:
1324:
1316:
1312:
1304:
1300:
1292:
1288:
1280:
1276:
1267:
1263:
1255:
1251:
1247:, p. 45-6.
1243:
1239:
1231:
1227:
1219:
1215:
1207:
1203:
1195:
1191:
1183:
1179:
1171:
1167:
1159:
1155:
1147:
1143:
1134:
1130:
1122:
1115:
1107:
1100:
1092:
1088:
1080:
1076:
1068:
1064:
1056:
1047:
1039:
1035:
1027:
1016:
1008:
1004:
996:
987:
979:
968:
964:, p. x–xi.
960:
956:
948:
944:
936:
932:
924:
920:
900:
896:
892:
870:
793:Yakov Lyubarsky
754:
708:Elizabeth Dawes
700:
695:
654:
649:
644:
606:
590:Michael Psellos
585:
560:
524:Howard-Johnston
511:
506:
451:
439:
413:
411:Narrative style
401:Greek mythology
388:
364:Robert Guiscard
261:' crossing the
228:Robert Guiscard
213:
212:
211:
210:
202:
201:
200:
191:
190:
189:
178:
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1959:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1903:
1902:
1868:
1850:
1844:
1831:
1823:"Anna Comnena"
1818:
1812:
1795:
1789:
1776:
1754:
1749:
1733:Macrides, Ruth
1729:
1723:
1707:
1695:
1675:
1658:
1645:
1627:
1606:
1581:Gibbon, Edward
1577:
1570:
1555:
1549:
1532:
1527:978-0140455274
1526:
1513:
1507:
1494:
1488:
1480:The Byzantines
1475:
1462:
1456:
1443:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1406:
1404:, p. 257.
1394:
1382:
1370:
1358:
1354:Frankopan 2002
1346:
1344:, p. 253.
1334:
1322:
1310:
1298:
1286:
1284:, p. 213.
1274:
1261:
1249:
1237:
1225:
1223:, p. 120.
1213:
1201:
1189:
1177:
1165:
1153:
1141:
1128:
1124:Frankopan 2002
1113:
1109:Frankopan 2002
1098:
1096:, p. 351.
1086:
1082:Frankopan 2009
1074:
1072:, p. 130.
1062:
1045:
1043:, p. 193.
1033:
1031:, p. 194.
1014:
1002:
1000:, p. 192.
985:
966:
962:Frankopan 2009
954:
950:Frankopan 2009
942:
930:
926:Frankopan 2009
918:
914:Second Crusade
893:
891:
888:
887:
886:
881:
876:
869:
866:
865:
864:
857:
846:
826:
815:
796:
783:
753:
750:
749:
748:
747:
746:
719:
699:
696:
694:
691:
690:
689:
653:
652:Greek original
650:
648:
645:
643:
642:
639:
636:
633:
630:
627:
624:
621:
618:
610:
605:
602:
584:
581:
559:
556:
510:
507:
505:
502:
465:hagiographical
450:
447:
438:
435:
422:historiography
412:
409:
387:
384:
383:
382:
370:(Books 11–13)
357:
356:
339:
338:
325:
324:
279:
278:
207:Hugh the Great
204:
203:
194:
193:
192:
183:
182:
181:
180:
179:
177:
174:
170:medieval Greek
159:schism of 1054
134:, daughter of
96:
95:
90:
86:
85:
79:Historiography
76:
72:
71:
66:
62:
61:
56:
52:
51:
46:
42:
41:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1958:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1941:First Crusade
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1891:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1851:
1847:
1841:
1837:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1819:
1815:
1809:
1804:
1803:
1796:
1792:
1790:9780190939892
1786:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1762:
1755:
1752:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
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1726:
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1716:
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1708:
1705:
1701:
1696:
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1678:
1672:
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1664:
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1655:
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1641:
1637:
1635:
1628:
1623:
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1615:
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1596:
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1578:
1573:
1571:9780754657378
1567:
1563:
1562:
1556:
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1533:
1529:
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1491:
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1472:
1468:
1463:
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1453:
1449:
1444:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1423:
1416:
1415:
1403:
1398:
1392:, p. 51.
1391:
1386:
1380:, p. 97.
1379:
1374:
1368:, p. 95.
1367:
1362:
1355:
1350:
1343:
1338:
1331:
1330:Shlosser 1990
1326:
1320:, p. 90.
1319:
1314:
1307:
1302:
1296:, p. 32.
1295:
1290:
1283:
1278:
1271:
1265:
1259:, p. 46.
1258:
1253:
1246:
1241:
1235:, p. 45.
1234:
1229:
1222:
1217:
1211:, p. 70.
1210:
1209:Macrides 2000
1205:
1199:, p. 98.
1198:
1193:
1187:, p. 96.
1186:
1181:
1174:
1173:Macrides 2000
1169:
1162:
1161:Sinclair 2014
1157:
1150:
1145:
1138:
1132:
1126:, p. 69.
1125:
1120:
1118:
1111:, p. 68.
1110:
1105:
1103:
1095:
1090:
1083:
1078:
1071:
1066:
1059:
1054:
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1042:
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1021:
1019:
1011:
1006:
999:
994:
992:
990:
982:
977:
975:
973:
971:
963:
958:
952:, p. ix.
951:
946:
939:
934:
928:, p. xv.
927:
922:
916:(1145–1149)."
915:
911:
907:
903:
898:
894:
885:
882:
880:
879:First Crusade
877:
875:
872:
871:
862:
858:
855:
851:
847:
845:
841:
837:
833:
832:
827:
824:
820:
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813:
807:
801:
797:
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790:
789:
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774:
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766:
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744:9780140455274
741:
737:
736:
735:
734:9780140442151
731:
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723:
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709:
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687:
683:
679:
673:
665:
659:
656:
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631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
616:
615:Fonds Coislin
612:
611:
609:
601:
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595:
594:Chronographia
591:
580:
578:
573:
569:
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396:First Crusade
393:
380:
376:
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351:
350:
349:
347:
346:First Crusade
343:
336:
333:
332:
331:
329:
322:
318:
314:
311:(1094–1097).
310:
309:First Crusade
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
287:
286:
285:
283:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
233:
232:
231:
230:(Books 1–6):
229:
225:
221:
217:
208:
198:
187:
173:
171:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
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137:
133:
129:
124:
118:
109:
105:
104:
94:
91:
87:
84:
80:
77:
73:
70:
67:
63:
60:
57:
53:
50:
47:
43:
38:
34:
28:
23:
1894:, retrieved
1880:
1876:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1835:
1826:
1821:Reese, Lyn,
1801:
1780:
1770:
1766:
1760:
1740:
1736:
1714:
1699:
1666:
1662:
1653:
1649:
1639:
1633:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1584:
1560:
1540:
1536:
1517:
1498:
1479:
1470:
1466:
1447:
1436:, retrieved
1432:the original
1427:
1421:
1397:
1385:
1378:Reinsch 2000
1373:
1366:Reinsch 2000
1361:
1349:
1337:
1325:
1313:
1301:
1289:
1282:Neville 2013
1277:
1269:
1264:
1252:
1240:
1228:
1221:Cavallo 1997
1216:
1204:
1197:Reinsch 2000
1192:
1185:Reinsch 2000
1180:
1168:
1156:
1144:
1131:
1089:
1077:
1070:Garland 2006
1065:
1041:Neville 2013
1036:
1029:Neville 2013
1010:Halsall 2001
1005:
998:Neville 2013
957:
945:
933:
921:
909:
906:Neville 2016
902:Kazhdan 1991
897:
860:
849:
830:
818:
814:, 1969–1972)
799:
787:
779:Livres XI-XV
778:
771:
764:
758:
721:
703:
693:Translations
657:
607:
598:
593:
586:
576:
571:
567:
565:
561:
551:
543:
540:
535:
527:
519:
514:
512:
497:
480:
452:
442:
440:
430:
425:
416:
414:
391:
389:
378:
374:
359:
358:
352:
341:
340:
334:
327:
326:
316:
312:
304:
292:
288:
281:
280:
274:
270:
266:
263:Adriatic Sea
250:
246:
234:
219:
218:
214:
162:
150:
132:Anna Komnene
102:
101:
99:
58:
49:Anna Komnene
32:
1916:1140s books
1669:, Belfast,
1564:. Ashgate.
1448:The Normans
1422:The Alexiad
1402:Connor 2004
1342:Connor 2004
1306:Gibbon 1994
981:Brians 1998
938:Hunger 1981
884:Attic Greek
765:Livres I-IV
722:The Alexiad
604:Manuscripts
143:Attic Greek
69:Attic Greek
1910:Categories
1845:0815338511
1813:0813511984
1750:0815336454
1724:0195046528
1702:, Vienna:
1676:0853895813
1550:0231125992
1508:0300186460
1489:0226097927
1457:0312577761
1411:References
1318:Brown 1984
844:9751011353
836:Bilge Umar
812:Ossolineum
777:vol. III:
772:Livres V-X
682:3110158132
532:Nicephoros
437:Influences
167:vernacular
39:, Florence
1865:: 397–406
1773:: 192–218
1390:Hill 1996
1257:Hill 1996
1245:Hill 1996
1233:Hill 1996
861:Alessiade
859:Italian:
828:Turkish:
800:Aleksjada
788:Алексиада
785:Russian:
770:vol. II:
714:, 1928) (
710:(London:
477:Armenians
461:Frankopan
456:panegyric
176:Structure
117:romanized
83:biography
1896:17 March
1684:citation
1595:citation
1589:, London
1583:(1994),
1438:22 April
1268:Komnene
868:See also
848:German:
798:Polish:
763:vol. I:
757:French:
728:, 1969)
405:Odysseus
366:'s son,
321:Bogomils
303:(1094).
155:Crusades
128:medieval
65:Language
20:Alexiad
1855:Alexiad
1761:Alexiad
1737:Alexiad
1663:Alexiad
1634:Alexiad
1624:: 25–34
1614:Alexiad
1537:Alexiad
1518:Alexiad
1469:Alexiad
1270:Alexiad
910:Alexiad
856:, 1996)
850:Alexias
817:Czech:
726:Penguin
698:English
617:(Paris)
577:Alexiad
572:Alexiad
568:Alexiad
566:In the
552:Alexiad
544:Alexiad
536:Alexiad
528:Alexiad
520:Alexiad
515:Alexiad
498:Alexiad
490:Homeric
481:Alexiad
469:Normans
443:Alexiad
431:Alexiad
426:Alexiad
417:Alexiad
394:is the
392:Alexiad
379:Book 13
375:Book 12
353:Book 11
317:Book 15
313:Book 14
305:Book 10
297:Tzachas
259:Normans
243:Normans
224:Normans
163:Alexiad
151:Alexiad
136:Emperor
126:) is a
123:Alexias
119::
112:Ἀλεξιάς
103:Alexiad
59:Ἀλεξιάς
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680:
479:. The
473:Franks
386:Themes
335:Book 8
293:Book 9
289:Book 7
275:Book 6
271:Book 5
267:Book 4
255:Doukas
251:Book 3
247:Book 2
235:Book 1
45:Author
1058:Reese
890:Notes
752:Other
471:and "
108:Greek
75:Genre
1898:2021
1881:2014
1840:ISBN
1808:ISBN
1785:ISBN
1745:ISBN
1719:ISBN
1690:link
1671:ISBN
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1566:ISBN
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