704:, the most important port on the Black Sea, and controlling it would once again open the sea to the Seljuks. It was while besieging the port city that Alexios was captured in a skirmish; according to Ibn Bibi, he was hunting outside the city with an escort of 500 cavalry, which Kuršanskis dryly observes was overkill for a simple hunt. This fortunate incident provided Kaykaus with the leverage he needed to take the city, which lies on an isthmus and protected by formidable walls. Alexios was shown to the defenders of the city. At the Sultan's command, Ibn Bibi writes, he sent a confidante into the city to negotiate a surrender; the inhabitants told Alexios' man, "Suppose Alexius has been captured. None the less he has grown sons in Trebizond who are capable of governing. We will elect one of them as our ruler and will not surrender the country to the Turks." Shukurov suggests that the Sinopians' lack of concern for Alexios was out of spite for the deposition of his brother.
2876:
446:
the most important achievement of his life, St. George inviting the victorious prince to enter
Trebizond and opening the gates of the city with his left hand. The importance of St. George was that Easter—the date of the Resurrection—in 1204 fell on 25 April, while the memorial date of St. George was 23 April. "So I dared to assume," writes Karpov, "that the seal points out the date of the capture of Trebizond."
366:(r. 1185–1195 and 1203–1204); Finlay argued that they were not at risk from "a government which, like that of the Byzantine empire, was recognized to be elective, and in which their father had been excluded from the throne by the exercise of an acknowledged constitutional prerogative." Older writers who had no knowledge of the chronicle of the Trapezuntine chronicler
685:
offence may be that at one point, faced with another attack from
Theodore Laskaris with insufficient men to draw on, David had become a vassal of the enemy of the Byzantine successor realms, the Latin Empire, since, as William Miller explains, "It was his interest to prefer a nominal Latin suzerainty to annexation by the Nicene Emperor".
463:. Kuršanskis, while agreeing with Vasiliev that Tamar was motivated by revenge for Alexios Angelos's insult, proposed a more obvious motivation for the brothers' return to Byzantine territory: they had decided to raise the banner of revolt, depose Alexios Angelos, and return the imperial throne to the
429:
Vasiliev was one of the first historians to suspect that Tamar assisted her young relatives for reasons beyond familial loyalty. "Religiously minded, Tamar had the habit of bestowing alms on monasteries and churches not only in her own country but also all over the Near East", Vasiliev wrote in 1936.
707:
Infuriated by their response, Sultan
Kaykaus had the unfortunate Alexios tortured in sight of the city walls several times, until the defenders changed their minds. Negotiations began, and on 1 November 1214 the inhabitants surrendered their city to the Seljuks on terms. Alexios was freed, and after
696:
when messengers arrived with the report that Alexis had crossed the border and seized territory belonging to the Sultan—when there was no point to this action. If Kuršanskis' has correctly interpreted what lies behind this passage, this would provide
Kaykaus with an even stronger reason to ally with
416:
became their native tongue" and that they "were thoroughly
Georgian in language and education as well as in political ideals", but possibly "some Greeks were among their attendants in order that they might be familiar with the language of their own country". However, Kuršanskis notes that there are
445:
in the peaked helmet leaded by hand by St. George" with the inscriptions Ἀλέξιος ὁ Κομνηνός and Ὁ Ἅ(γιος) Γεώργιος on either side; on the obverse is a scene of Ἡ Ἁγία Ἀνάστασις with the corresponding inscription. Karpov interprets the significance of this image and the inscription as portraying
684:
on 13 December 1212. How he went from trusted ally of
Alexios to a monastic life—likely an enforced change—has not been documented. Shukurov believes this silence was intentional and therefore significant, that David somehow disgraced himself and was confined to Vatopedi by Alexios. A clue to his
724:
rivers, only 250 kilometres (160 mi) from their base at
Trebizond. This loss isolated Trebizond from direct contact with the Empire of Nicaea and the other Greek lands. Cut off from the rest of the Byzantine world, the Trapezuntine rulers for the next two generations turned their immediate
387:
Exactly how
Alexios and Queen Tamar of Georgia were related is not clear. According to Michael Panaretos, Queen Tamar was Alexios' "paternal relative" (προς πατρός θεὶα), a phrase that has baffled scholars. As early as 1854 the Russian scholar Kunik proposed that this phrase meant that Alexios'
425:
After marching from
Georgia, and with the help of their paternal relative Queen Tamar, Alexios and David occupied Trebizond in April 1204. That same month Alexios was proclaimed emperor at the age of 22, an act considered by later writers as the moment the Empire of Trebizond was founded.
434:(r. 1195–1203) as they sailed past Constantinople; although Tamar subsequently made up for the theft by giving the monks a much more lavish gift, Alexios' theft insulted the queen. She decided to avenge the insult by supporting her nephews in their invasion of Byzantine territories.
744:, and states that by "Greece" the chronicler meant the Trapezuntine Empire. Kuršanskis, however, is not convinced by Vasiliev's arguments, pointing out that Alexios would have travelled too far from Trebizond to pay homage and emphasizes that Trebizond was always referred to in the
396:
argued that their grandfather
Andronikos, while in Georgia, had married an unnamed sister of king George III. More recently Michel Kuršanskis has argued against Toumanoff's theory, producing evidence that Alexios' mother and/or grandmother were daughters of the houses of
454:
on 13 April 1204 could reach either Trebizond or Georgia. According to Vasiliev, however, their original intention was not to seize a base from which they could recover the capital of the Byzantine Empire, but rather to carve out of the Byzantine Empire a
467:
dynasty. However, not long after they had gained control of Trebizond and the neighboring territories, news of the Latin conquest of Constantinople reached them, and the brothers entered the competition for recovery of the imperial city against
535:, he "closed the sea" to the Seljuks. Gaining Paphlagonia gave the brothers access to an important base of support. The Komnenos family was popular in Paphlagonia, with which they had long-established ties, as it was their home province:
358:, who believed the boys were taken from Constantinople during the chaos of their grandfather's fall from power in 1185, when Alexios was about three years old, and came to Georgia early in Tamar's reign. Another school of thought follows
657:
and occupied Nicomedia, threatening Laskaris' rear, and forcing the latter to lift his siege and return to his own territory. Theodore's withdraw was costly, for he lost about 1000 men in crossing the Sangarios, which was in flood.
1951:
829:("grand Komnenos"), commonly applied to all the Trapezuntine Komnenos emperors by modern historians, began as a nickname and was not formally used in an official capacity until the reign of Alexios I's grandson
412:—although this lack of information has not prevented scholars from proposing various hypotheses. All authorities agree that Alexios and his brother found refuge at Tamar's court. Vasiliev even speculates that "
326:(r. 1143–1180) died; upon hearing the news, he marched on Constantinople and seized the imperial throne. His reign was a turbulent one, and in 1185 Andronikos was dethroned and killed while his son Manuel was
546:
While David was in Paphlagonia, Alexios was forced to remain in the neighborhood of Trebizond, defending the eastern part of their domain from the attacks of the Seljuk Turks. These attacks culminated in the
449:
Vasiliev points out that the brothers occupied Trebizond too early to have done so in response to the Crusaders capturing Constantinople; Alexios and David began their march on Trebizond before news of the
2341:
417:
few traces of Georgian influence in the administration and culture of the Empire of Trebizond, and points out that its elite always looked towards Constantinople for their political and religious models.
652:
and investing Heraclea Pontica. In response, David sent a deputation to Henry of Flanders, which reached the Latin Emperor in September 1208 with their request for help. Henry led his troops across the
2479:
767:
Alexios married at some point in his life, but contemporary writers fail to record any information about his wife. Theodora Axuchina is supposed by some to have been her name, which appears in the
260:
succeeded in becoming the de facto successors, and rendered his dynastic claims to the imperial throne moot, Alexios' descendants continued to emphasize both their heritage and connection to the
582:, by 1207 the grandsons of Andronikos Komnenos ruled over the largest of the three Byzantine successor states. From Heraclea Pontica their domain extended east to Trebizond and past it to
408:
Despite the research of Vasiliev, Toumanoff, Kuršanskis and others, Alexios' life is a blank between 1185, when Andronikos was deposed and murdered, and 1204 when he and David arrived at
2334:
809:
has argued that Alexios had at least one more son, and speculated that one may have been the Ioannikios who was tonsured and confined to a monastery when Manuel became emperor.
776:
Michel Kuršankis has argued, on the strength of John I Axouchos's surname and Alexios I's known political affiliations, that he had married, probably about 1201, a daughter of
2692:
295:, and Alexios was tortured in sight of the Sinopians. The city submitted to Kaykaus and Alexios was freed after becoming Kaykaus' vassal. Alexios died at the age of forty.
2327:
3079:
3314:
491:. Anthony Bryer suggests the account in the Georgian Royal Annals of the invasion could be separated into the two routes the individual brothers took. Both started in
287:
around the year 1205. Further details of his reign are sparse. Muslim chroniclers record how, in 1214, Alexios was captured by the Turks in the field while defending
539:
was said to be the ancestral castle of the Komnenoi; during the reign of Isaac II Angelos a pretender to the throne had appeared in Paphlagonia, calling himself
2489:
2989:
736:, Alexios was amongst the "tributaries arrived from Khlar and Greece with presents", in the phrasing of the Georgian chronicles. He identifies "Khlar" with
2682:
531:, and Alexios' occupation blocked the Sultanate from the trade and the opportunities of expansion Samsun represented; in the words of the Muslim historian
3251:
2473:
3247:
3256:
3238:
806:
2554:
2469:
1511:
362:'s belief that the boys remained in Constantinople, and although educated in the capital, were somehow safe from Andronikos' successor, emperor
2817:
676:
It was during this period that David Komnenos vanishes from the scene. We know of his ultimate fate from a note in a manuscript written at
350:
speculates that it is "possible" that their mother was a Georgian princess. Somehow the boys arrived at the court of their relative Queen
3294:
2823:
1699:
798:
602:("beyond the sea"). It appeared that it was only a matter of time before one of the Komnenos brothers seized Constantinople to rule as "
1804:
1783:
389:
186:
692:
against him. This is his interpretation of a puzzling passage in the account of Ibn Bibi, where he states that Sultan Kaykawus was at
2969:
2780:
716:
The loss of Sinope pushed the western frontier of Komnenine territories, which had been at Heraclea a few years earlier, back to the
327:
2319:
1851:
378:
conquered Constantinople, Alexios declared himself emperor there. Vasiliev discussed these opinions in a 1936 article published in
1846:
1799:
1745:
648:
into Anatolia. In 1208 Theodore decided to strike against the Paphlagonian possessions of Alexios' brother David by crossing the
244:, who had been dethroned and killed in 1185, and thus claimed to represent the legitimate government of the Empire following the
3091:
1968:
1836:
688:
Kuršanskis suggests that Alexios also intrigued in the internal politics of the Seljuk Sultanate, supporting Kaykaus' brother
1989:
1956:
1824:
1766:
1007:
908:
2278:
1939:
1934:
1919:
1874:
430:
One such gift she bestowed on a group of monks before they left for Jerusalem was taken from them by the Byzantine emperor
3117:
2172:
1962:
1504:
1685:
37:
1984:
1841:
673:, there was no resistance to Theodore's incursions, and Theodore eventually captured Heraclea Pontica and Amastris.
354:; scholars have speculated when and how they made their way there. One school of thought endorses the hypothesis of
1924:
1663:
662:
548:
280:
3299:
1929:
1879:
1598:
578:
Although Theodore Laskaris pushed back the Komnenos brothers' western frontier by defeating an attempt to seize
3319:
3096:
3074:
2663:
1761:
1497:
451:
347:
245:
1355:, p. 19. See Kuršanskis, "Trébizonde et les Turcs", pp. 109–124 for a more thorough discussion of this period.
2773:
1868:
1520:
628:
Their adversary, Theodore Laskaris, had not been idle. He had neutralized rivals along his southern marches—
2059:
1563:
830:
661:
Despite this setback, Theodore did not abandon his attempts on Paphlagonia. Following the Seljuk defeat at
2109:
1583:
708:
pledging his loyalty to the Sultan, and promising to pay tribute, he was allowed to return to Trebizond.
487:
Over the following months, David marched westward making himself master of the rest of the Pontus and of
304:
176:
640:; he had been crowned Emperor in March or April 1206; all the while Theodore had frustrated attempts of
237:
and its ruler from 1204 until his death in 1222. The two brothers were the only male descendants of the
2045:
1558:
1156:
769:
2722:
2564:
2380:
2349:
1543:
1481:
1390:(1970), 107–115; cited in Kelsey Jackson Williams, "A Genealogy of the Grand Komnenoi of Trebizond",
802:
756:
477:
355:
70:
3064:
2766:
2386:
2155:
1722:
1618:
1145:
Pre-Ottoman Turkey: A General Survey of the Material and Spiritual Culture and History c. 1071–1330
196:
987:"On the Relationship between the Founder of the Empire of Trebizond and the Georgian Queen Thamar"
2934:
2443:
2439:
2201:
2178:
2084:
1628:
1623:
1578:
854:
3044:
3215:
3084:
2901:
2406:
2396:
2261:
2231:
2148:
1891:
1678:
1647:
1639:
1588:
405:, yet failing to offer an explanation why Panaretos describes Tamar as Alexios' paternal aunt.
3304:
3014:
2949:
2944:
2896:
2805:
2598:
2361:
2130:
2052:
2027:
1897:
1608:
1573:
1553:
794:
777:
728:
Nothing certain is known of the remainder of Alexios' life. Vasiliev has suggested that when
717:
315:
311:
241:
151:
669:, and together they encroached on the Trapezuntine territory. According to the panegyric of
291:; despite sending an envoy to seek their surrender the city refused to capitulate to Sultan
3309:
2954:
2916:
2843:
2435:
2219:
2184:
2091:
2066:
1914:
1809:
1633:
1613:
1568:
1471:
495:
and reached Trebizond; David proceeded along the coast, perhaps leading a fleet, capturing
45:
773:(1978) by Detlev Schwennicke. It has since found its place in several modern genealogies.
8:
3159:
2911:
2906:
2811:
2732:
2716:
2523:
2370:
2020:
1945:
1717:
1703:
1548:
790:
752:
481:
469:
431:
234:
146:
3128:
2939:
2848:
2628:
2592:
2548:
2459:
2238:
2225:
2116:
1772:
1652:
1593:
1382:
Kuršankis, "Autour des sources Georgiennes de la fondation de l’empire de Trebizonde",
934:
733:
681:
637:
380:
123:
20:
3265:
3211:
3069:
3059:
3004:
2742:
2696:
2588:
2499:
1885:
1778:
1671:
874:
670:
641:
633:
587:
556:
540:
413:
367:
344:
323:
308:
261:
238:
216:
130:
51:
1693:
1091:
Karpov, "New Archival Discoveries of Documents concerning the Empire of Trebizond",
3260:
3233:
3220:
3193:
3054:
3024:
2979:
2854:
2829:
2789:
2637:
2624:
2544:
2426:
2351:
2123:
1830:
1814:
1739:
1603:
866:
532:
524:
508:
473:
363:
351:
166:
271:
While his brother David conquered a number of Byzantine provinces in northwestern
3229:
3112:
2964:
2608:
729:
701:
649:
512:
393:
319:
1056:, Dumbarton Oaks Medieval Library 52 (Cambridge: Harvard University, 2019), p. 3
751:
Alexios died on 1 February 1222 after a reign of eighteen years. His eldest son
3202:
3145:
2984:
2959:
2921:
2865:
2758:
2702:
2676:
2672:
2641:
2602:
2534:
2503:
2493:
2483:
2449:
2306:
2255:
1995:
1536:
786:
654:
629:
375:
340:
335:
257:
253:
249:
230:
208:
82:
1333:
Vasiliev, "Foundation", pp. 27f; Kuršanskis, "Trébizonde et les Turcs", p. 113
3288:
3134:
3009:
2309:
who are independently notable are shown. Rulers and co-rulers are denoted in
2294:
878:
583:
520:
438:
374:, assumed the brothers were simply made governors of Trebizond, and when the
371:
359:
288:
770:
Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten
620:". Unfortunately, this proved to be the high-water mark of their conquests.
3269:
3206:
3123:
3049:
3019:
2837:
1819:
782:
645:
552:
460:
456:
284:
3242:
3224:
3197:
2706:
2647:
2574:
2507:
2374:
721:
677:
591:
488:
398:
2875:
1489:
3173:
2453:
986:
929:
689:
610:
555:. In a panegyric to his master, the Nicaean emperor Theodore Laskaris,
1147:, 1968 (New York: American Council of Learned Societies, 2014), p. 117
870:
437:
The date Alexios entered Trebizond may be narrowed down even further.
314:(reigned 1183–1185). Andronikos had taken refuge at the court of King
3139:
2582:
2511:
666:
598:, and their hinterlands were governed as an overseas province called
579:
564:
536:
528:
442:
292:
2994:
2612:
2463:
2400:
1695:
1437:
1419:
741:
616:
604:
599:
496:
464:
441:
has identified a lead seal of Alexios, on one side "the image of a
272:
859:
Foundations: The Journal of the Foundation for Mediaeval Genealogy
2999:
2974:
2746:
2578:
2568:
2558:
492:
409:
276:
161:
1161:
Trebizond: The last Greek Empire of the Byzantine Era: 1204–1461
384:
and considered Fallmerayer's hypothesis as closer to the truth.
2736:
2726:
2686:
2651:
2538:
2414:
2390:
572:
516:
504:
402:
1203:
Vasiliev, "Foundation", p. 24; Bryer, "David Komnenos", p. 181
1052:, ch. 1. Greek text and English translation in Scott Kennedy,
962:
The History of Greece and the Empire of Trebizond, (1204–1461)
343:. Their mother's name is not recorded in the primary sources;
3179:
2410:
789:. Alexios is known to have had two sons, the future emperors
737:
693:
595:
568:
560:
543:, and he succeeded in uniting several districts behind him.
392:
a little-known sister of Tamar, a theory Vasiliev endorsed.
500:
586:
on the Georgian frontier. Alexios also made parts of the
1223:
The Lascarids of Nicaea: The Story of an Empire in Exile
930:"The Foundation of the Empire of Trebizond (1204–1222)"
16:
Emperor of Trebizond and Byzantine claimant (1204–1222)
2350:
Rebels, secessionists, and autonomous magnates in the
1225:, 1912, (Amsterdam: Adolf M. Hakkert, 1964), pp. 75–78
891:
R. Macrides, "What's in the name 'Megas Komnenos'?"
665:, he concluded a treaty with the new Seljuk Sultan,
1117:
Kuršanskis, "Trébizonde et la Géorgie", pp. 243–245
909:"L'empire de Trébizonde et les Turcs au 13e siècle"
1181:Kuršanskis, "Trébizonde et les Turcs", pp. 109–111
1245:
1243:
298:
3286:
2788:
1373:Kuršanskis, "Trébizonde et les Turcs", pp. 245–7
1258:Shukurov, "The Enigma of David Grand Komnenos",
855:"A Genealogy of the Grand Komnenoi of Trebizond"
852:
1266:(2001), p. 131; Bryer, "David Komnenos", p. 185
1126:Bryer, "David Komnenos and Saint Eleutherios",
523:. Although a minor port, Samsun was the Seljuk
1424:Encyclopedia of the Hellenic World: Asia Minor
1240:
1044:
1042:
1036:Kuršanskis, "Trébizonde et la Géorgie", p. 238
220:
3315:Byzantine people of the Byzantine–Seljuk wars
2774:
2335:
1679:
1505:
1306:Kuršanskis, "Trébizonde et les Turcs", p. 113
1249:Kuršanskis, "Trébizonde et les Turcs", p. 112
1278:
1233:
1231:
972:
970:
964:(Edinburgh: William Blackwood, 1877), p. 317
755:was passed over in favor of his son-in-law,
1206:
1039:
623:
256:in 1204. Although his rivals governing the
2781:
2767:
2342:
2328:
2256:Theodora Megale Komnene ("Despina Khatun")
1686:
1672:
1512:
1498:
571:to obtain water, but was kidnapped by the
136:
1519:
1228:
967:
3155:Histories and Eulogies of the Sovereigns
762:
370:nor access to Georgian records, such as
330:and may have died from this mutilation.
318:in the 1170s, and was a governor in the
2226:Maria Megale Komnene, Byzantine Empress
1163:, 1926 (Chicago: Argonaut, 1969), p. 15
511:; meanwhile Alexios took possession of
3287:
3092:Eldiguzid campaign of Tamar of Georgia
1194:, p. 18; Vasiliev, "Foundation", p. 21
1008:"L'Empire de Trébizonde et la Géorgie"
700:Kaykaus' role in this alliance was to
680:that tells us David died as a monk of
420:
3164:The Life of Monarch of Monarchs Tamar
2762:
2323:
2185:Eudokia Megale Komnene, Lady of Sinop
2173:Anna Megale Komnene, Queen of Georgia
1990:Theodora Komnene, Princess of Antioch
1815:Adrianos/John IV, Archbishop of Ohrid
1667:
1493:
2279:Eudokia Komnene, Lady of Montpellier
1935:Theodora Komnene, Queen of Jerusalem
1920:Theodora Komnene, Duchess of Austria
732:of Georgia was campaigning near the
563:, a member of the expedition of the
264:by later referring to themselves as
748:as "Pontus" and never as "Greece".
472:in western Anatolia (ruler of the "
13:
3295:13th-century emperors of Trebizond
2874:
480:in mainland Greece (ruler of the "
38:Emperor and Autocrat of the Romans
14:
3331:
1985:Maria Komnene, Queen of Jerusalem
1413:
1212:Vasiliev, "Foundation", pp. 26–29
1172:Vasiliev, "Foundation", pp. 21–23
1082:Vasiliev, "Foundation", pp. 18–20
853:Jackson Williams, Kelsey (2007).
3118:The Knight in the Panther's Skin
1407:Shukurov, "The Enigma", pp. 131f
976:Vasiliev, "Foundation", pp. 9–12
225:; c. 1182 – 1 February 1222) or
1930:Maria Komnene, Queen of Hungary
1401:
1376:
1367:
1364:Vasiliev, "Foundation", pp. 29f
1358:
1345:
1336:
1327:
1318:
1309:
1300:
1287:
1284:Shukurov "The Enigma", pp. 129f
1275:Bryer, "David Komnenos", p. 184
1269:
1252:
1237:Bryer, "David Komnenos", p. 183
1215:
1197:
1184:
1175:
1166:
1150:
1137:
1120:
1111:
1102:
1085:
1076:
1059:
1030:
1021:
1000:
275:, Alexios defended his capital
3097:Rebellion in Pkhovi and Didoya
3075:Foundation of Trebizond Empire
1324:Shukurov, "The Enigma", p. 131
979:
954:
945:
922:
901:
885:
846:
819:
711:
333:Manuel left two children, the
303:Alexios was the eldest son of
299:From Constantinople to Georgia
1:
2110:Andronikos III Megas Komnenos
1342:Vasiliev, "Foundation", p. 26
1315:Vasiliev, "Foundation", p. 27
1108:Vasiliev, "Foundation", p. 19
1027:Vasiliev, "Foundation", p. 18
951:Vasiliev, "Foundation", p. 17
840:
97:
2638:Alexios Doukas Mourtzouphlos
2046:Andronikos II Megas Komnenos
725:attention to Asian affairs.
644:to expand the newly founded
459:to protect Georgia from the
322:when his cousin the emperor
7:
1012:Revue des études byzantines
913:Revue des études byzantines
567:who landed on the coast of
10:
3336:
2156:Alexios III Megas Komnenos
805:. The Russian Byzantinist
590:a tributary to Trebizond.
18:
3189:
3172:
3105:
3050:Qurtlu-Arslan's rebellion
3037:
2930:
2892:
2885:
2872:
2797:
2661:
2622:
2521:
2424:
2381:Andronikos Kontostephanos
2359:
2303:
2287:
2271:
2248:
2211:
2202:Alexios IV Megas Komnenos
2193:
2179:Manuel III Megas Komnenos
2165:
2140:
2101:
2085:Alexios II Megas Komnenos
2076:
2037:
2012:
1977:
1907:
1860:
1792:
1754:
1731:
1710:
1527:
1478:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1431:
1422:, Vougiouklaki Penelope,
221:
212:
192:
182:
172:
160:
129:
118:
106:
93:
89:
76:
66:
58:
44:
35:
30:
3207:Kakhaber II Kakhaberidze
2262:Alexios V Megas Komnenos
2232:Alexander Megas Komnenos
2149:Manuel II Megas Komnenos
2003:Alexios I Megas Komnenos
1723:Manuel Erotikos Komnenos
1420:Alexios I Grand Komnenos
812:
624:Campaigns in Paphlagonia
549:first siege of Trebizond
307:, and a grandson of the
227:Alexius I Megas Comnenus
205:Alexios I Megas Komnenos
197:Greek Orthodox Christian
19:Not to be confused with
2935:Zakaria II Mkhargrdzeli
2723:Michael Komnenos Doukas
2565:Michael Komnenos Doukas
2131:John III Megas Komnenos
2053:Theodora Megale Komnene
2028:Manuel I Megas Komnenos
1433:Alexios I of Trebizond
778:John Komnenos "the Fat"
478:Michael Komnenos Doukas
3300:Grand Komnenos dynasty
3216:Otagho II Shervashidze
2879:
2664:fall of Constantinople
2407:Theodore Kantakouzenos
2397:John Komnenos Vatatzes
2220:John IV Megas Komnenos
2092:Michael Megas Komnenos
2067:John II Megas Komnenos
1892:John Tzelepes Komnenos
1054:Two Works on Trebizond
663:Antioch on the Meander
575:and never seen again.
452:sack of Constantinople
62:1204 – 1 February 1222
31:Alexios I of Trebizond
3320:Greek torture victims
3080:Ayyubid–Georgian wars
3065:Liberation of Shirvan
3015:Marushian Vardanisdze
2950:Shalva of Akhaltsikhe
2945:Zakaria of Panaskerti
2878:
2599:John Komnenos the Fat
2362:Andronikos I Komnenos
2307:male-line descendants
2239:David Megas Komnenos
2060:George Megas Komnenos
1898:Andronikos I Komnenos
1521:Emperors of Trebizond
780:(d.1200), son of the
763:Family and succession
316:George III of Georgia
233:, the founder of the
2955:Ivane of Akhaltsikhe
2917:Anton Gnolistavisdze
2490:Constantine Tatikios
2272:Uncertain generation
2117:Basil Megas Komnenos
1915:John Doukas Komnenos
1810:Constantine Komnenos
1472:Emperor of Trebizond
559:compared Alexios to
268:("grand Komnenos").
46:Emperor of Trebizond
3160:Basil Ezosmodzgvari
3085:Thirty Years' Truce
2990:Guzan Abulasanisdze
2524:Alexios III Angelos
2371:Andronikos Lapardas
1946:Alexios II Komnenos
1875:Andronikos Komnenos
1837:Andronikos Komnenos
1784:Nikephoros Komnenos
1718:Nikephoros Komnenos
1704:Empire of Trebizond
1134:(1988–1989), p. 179
1048:Michael Panaretos,
1018:(1977). pp. 237–256
997:(1940), pp. 299–312
898:(1979), pp. 238–245
482:Despotate of Epirus
470:Theodore I Laskaris
432:Alexios III Angelos
421:Return from Georgia
235:Empire of Trebizond
3129:Amiran-Darejaniani
2940:Ivane Mkhargrdzeli
2880:
2693:John Kantakouzenos
2629:Alexios IV Angelos
2460:Theodore Mangaphas
1773:Alexios I Komnenos
1069:, p. 370; Miller,
757:Andronikos I Gidos
746:Georgian Chronicle
682:Vatopedi monastery
638:Theodore Mangaphas
527:'s doorway to the
348:Alexander Vasiliev
281:unsuccessful siege
124:Theodora Axouchina
21:Alexios I Komnenos
3282:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3252:Bakur Dzaganisdze
3212:Duchy of Abkhazia
3198:Baram Vardanisdze
3183:
3070:Battle of Basiani
3060:Battle of Shamkor
3033:
3032:
3005:Zankan Zorababeli
2834:
2756:
2755:
2743:Manuel Maurozomes
2733:Theodore Laskaris
2589:John Spyridonakes
2528:
2317:
2316:
1886:Manuel I Komnenos
1779:Adrianos Komnenos
1661:
1660:
1488:
1487:
1479:Succeeded by
671:Niketas Choniates
642:Henry of Flanders
634:Manuel Maurozomes
557:Nicetas Choniates
368:Michael Panaretos
324:Manuel I Komnenos
309:Byzantine Emperor
262:Komnenian dynasty
239:Byzantine Emperor
229:with his brother
202:
201:
114:(aged 39–40)
52:Byzantine Emperor
3327:
3261:Asat Grigolisdze
3248:Duchy of Kakheti
3234:Vardan I Dadiani
3221:Duchy of Argveti
3194:Duchy of Svaneti
3187:
3186:
3177:
3055:Civil war (1191)
3025:Khuashak Tsokali
2980:Gamrekeli Toreli
2890:
2889:
2832:
2830:Yury Bogolyubsky
2783:
2776:
2769:
2760:
2759:
2713:Alexios Komnenos
2545:Dobromir Chrysos
2526:
2427:Isaac II Angelos
2352:Byzantine Empire
2344:
2337:
2330:
2321:
2320:
2288:Related subjects
2124:Anna Anachoutlou
1969:Alexios Komnenos
1952:Alexios Komnenos
1925:Alexios Komnenos
1869:Alexios Komnenos
1852:Theodora Komnene
1831:John II Komnenos
1805:Alexios Komnenos
1740:Isaac I Komnenos
1700:Byzantine Empire
1688:
1681:
1674:
1665:
1664:
1644:
1514:
1507:
1500:
1491:
1490:
1455:
1448:
1429:
1428:
1408:
1405:
1399:
1398:(2006), pp. 173f
1380:
1374:
1371:
1365:
1362:
1356:
1349:
1343:
1340:
1334:
1331:
1325:
1322:
1316:
1313:
1307:
1304:
1298:
1291:
1285:
1282:
1276:
1273:
1267:
1256:
1250:
1247:
1238:
1235:
1226:
1221:Alice Gardiner,
1219:
1213:
1210:
1204:
1201:
1195:
1188:
1182:
1179:
1173:
1170:
1164:
1154:
1148:
1141:
1135:
1124:
1118:
1115:
1109:
1106:
1100:
1089:
1083:
1080:
1074:
1063:
1057:
1046:
1037:
1034:
1028:
1025:
1019:
1004:
998:
983:
977:
974:
965:
958:
952:
949:
943:
928:A. A. Vasiliev,
926:
920:
919:(1988), pp. 110f
905:
899:
889:
883:
882:
850:
834:
823:
803:Andronikos Gidos
533:Ali ibn al-Athir
525:Sultanate of Rum
509:Heraclea Pontica
474:Empire of Nicaea
364:Isaac II Angelos
352:Tamar of Georgia
224:
223:
222:ალექსი კომნენოსი
214:
213:Αλέξιος Κομνηνός
140:
113:
102:
99:
79:
54:
28:
27:
3335:
3334:
3330:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3325:
3324:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3274:
3257:Duchy of Hereti
3239:Duchy of Kartli
3230:Duchy of Odishi
3176:
3168:
3113:Shota Rustaveli
3101:
3029:
2965:Sargis Tmogveli
2926:
2881:
2870:
2793:
2787:
2757:
2752:
2683:Theodore Gabras
2657:
2618:
2609:Manuel Kamytzes
2517:
2420:
2355:
2348:
2318:
2313:
2299:
2283:
2267:
2249:16th generation
2244:
2212:15th generation
2207:
2194:14th generation
2189:
2166:13th generation
2161:
2141:12th generation
2136:
2102:11th generation
2097:
2077:10th generation
2072:
2033:
2021:John I Axouchos
2008:
1973:
1957:Manuel Komnenos
1903:
1856:
1847:Eudokia Komnene
1788:
1762:Manuel Komnenos
1750:
1727:
1706:
1692:
1662:
1657:
1636:
1523:
1518:
1484:
1475:
1454:1 February 1222
1449:
1443:
1442:
1434:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1402:
1384:Archeion Pontou
1381:
1377:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1359:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1337:
1332:
1328:
1323:
1319:
1314:
1310:
1305:
1301:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1279:
1274:
1270:
1257:
1253:
1248:
1241:
1236:
1229:
1220:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1198:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1167:
1155:
1151:
1142:
1138:
1128:Archeion Pontou
1125:
1121:
1116:
1112:
1107:
1103:
1099:(2012), pp. 75f
1090:
1086:
1081:
1077:
1064:
1060:
1047:
1040:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1022:
1005:
1001:
984:
980:
975:
968:
960:George Finlay,
959:
955:
950:
946:
942:(1936), pp. 5–8
927:
923:
906:
902:
893:Archeion Pontou
890:
886:
851:
847:
843:
838:
837:
824:
820:
815:
807:Rustam Shukurov
765:
730:George IV Lasha
714:
650:Sangarios River
626:
423:
394:Cyril Toumanoff
305:Manuel Komnenos
301:
177:Manuel Komnenos
156:
134:
133:
111:
110:1 February 1222
100:
77:
49:
48:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3333:
3323:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3280:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3263:
3254:
3245:
3236:
3227:
3218:
3209:
3203:Duchy of Racha
3200:
3190:
3184:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3157:
3152:
3146:Ioane Shavteli
3143:
3132:
3121:
3109:
3107:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3088:
3087:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3045:Rise of Orbeli
3041:
3039:
3038:Notable events
3035:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2985:Ivane I Jaqeli
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2960:Zakaria Gageli
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2922:Anton Kutateli
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2893:
2887:
2883:
2882:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2868:
2866:David Komnenos
2863:
2857:
2851:
2846:
2840:
2835:
2826:
2820:
2814:
2808:
2801:
2799:
2795:
2794:
2786:
2785:
2778:
2771:
2763:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2750:
2740:
2730:
2720:
2710:
2703:David Komnenos
2700:
2690:
2680:
2677:Maeander River
2673:Sabas Asidenos
2669:
2667:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2645:
2642:Constantinople
2634:
2632:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2616:
2606:
2603:Constantinople
2596:
2586:
2572:
2562:
2555:Leo Chamaretos
2552:
2542:
2531:
2529:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2504:Maeander River
2500:Pseudo-Alexios
2497:
2494:Constantinople
2487:
2484:Constantinople
2480:Isaac Komnenos
2477:
2467:
2457:
2450:Alexios Branas
2447:
2432:
2430:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2418:
2404:
2394:
2387:Isaac Komnenos
2384:
2378:
2367:
2365:
2357:
2356:
2347:
2346:
2339:
2332:
2324:
2315:
2314:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2291:
2289:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2275:
2273:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2258:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2235:
2228:
2223:
2215:
2213:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2187:
2182:
2175:
2169:
2167:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2152:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2127:
2120:
2113:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2088:
2080:
2078:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2070:
2063:
2056:
2049:
2041:
2039:
2038:9th generation
2035:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2024:
2016:
2014:
2013:8th generation
2010:
2009:
2007:
2006:
1999:
1996:David Komnenos
1992:
1987:
1981:
1979:
1978:7th generation
1975:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1911:
1909:
1908:6th generation
1905:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1894:
1889:
1882:
1880:Isaac Komnenos
1877:
1872:
1864:
1862:
1861:5th generation
1858:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1842:Isaac Komnenos
1839:
1834:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1796:
1794:
1793:4th generation
1790:
1789:
1787:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1769:
1767:Isaac Komnenos
1764:
1758:
1756:
1755:3rd generation
1752:
1751:
1749:
1748:
1743:
1735:
1733:
1732:2nd generation
1729:
1728:
1726:
1725:
1720:
1714:
1712:
1711:1st generation
1708:
1707:
1691:
1690:
1683:
1676:
1668:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1584:Andronikos III
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1517:
1516:
1509:
1502:
1494:
1486:
1485:
1480:
1477:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1460:Regnal titles
1457:
1456:
1435:
1432:
1427:
1426:
1415:
1414:External links
1412:
1410:
1409:
1400:
1375:
1366:
1357:
1344:
1335:
1326:
1317:
1308:
1299:
1286:
1277:
1268:
1251:
1239:
1227:
1214:
1205:
1196:
1183:
1174:
1165:
1157:William Miller
1149:
1143:Claude Cahen,
1136:
1119:
1110:
1101:
1084:
1075:
1058:
1038:
1029:
1020:
999:
978:
966:
953:
944:
921:
900:
884:
844:
842:
839:
836:
835:
827:Megas Komnenos
817:
816:
814:
811:
787:Alexios Axouch
764:
761:
713:
710:
702:capture Sinope
655:Sea of Marmara
630:Sabas Asidenos
625:
622:
422:
419:
376:Fourth Crusade
300:
297:
266:Megas Komnenos
258:Nicaean Empire
254:Fourth Crusade
250:Constantinople
200:
199:
194:
190:
189:
184:
180:
179:
174:
170:
169:
164:
158:
157:
155:
154:
149:
143:
141:
127:
126:
120:
116:
115:
108:
104:
103:
95:
91:
90:
87:
86:
80:
74:
73:
68:
64:
63:
60:
56:
55:
42:
41:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3332:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3271:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3243:Rati Surameli
3240:
3237:
3235:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3188:
3185:
3181:
3175:
3171:
3165:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3141:
3136:
3135:Chakhrukhadze
3133:
3131:
3130:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3114:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3036:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3010:Kravay Jaqeli
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2929:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2891:
2888:
2884:
2877:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2858:
2856:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2831:
2827:
2825:
2821:
2819:
2815:
2813:
2809:
2807:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2796:
2791:
2784:
2779:
2777:
2772:
2770:
2765:
2764:
2761:
2748:
2744:
2741:
2738:
2734:
2731:
2728:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2660:
2653:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2626:
2621:
2614:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2546:
2543:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2481:
2478:
2475:
2471:
2470:Basil Chotzas
2468:
2465:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2423:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2345:
2340:
2338:
2333:
2331:
2326:
2325:
2322:
2312:
2308:
2302:
2296:
2295:AIMA prophecy
2293:
2292:
2290:
2286:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2270:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1963:John Komnenos
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1941:
1940:Maria Komnene
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1826:
1825:Maria Komnene
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1800:John Komnenos
1798:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1753:
1747:
1746:John Komnenos
1744:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1730:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1689:
1684:
1682:
1677:
1675:
1670:
1669:
1666:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1642:
1641:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1559:Andronikos II
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1526:
1522:
1515:
1510:
1508:
1503:
1501:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1483:
1474:
1473:
1467:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1446:
1441:
1439:
1430:
1425:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1404:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1379:
1370:
1361:
1354:
1348:
1339:
1330:
1321:
1312:
1303:
1296:
1290:
1281:
1272:
1265:
1261:
1255:
1246:
1244:
1234:
1232:
1224:
1218:
1209:
1200:
1193:
1187:
1178:
1169:
1162:
1158:
1153:
1146:
1140:
1133:
1129:
1123:
1114:
1105:
1098:
1094:
1088:
1079:
1072:
1068:
1062:
1055:
1051:
1045:
1043:
1033:
1024:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1003:
996:
992:
988:
982:
973:
971:
963:
957:
948:
941:
937:
936:
931:
925:
918:
914:
910:
904:
897:
894:
888:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
849:
845:
832:
828:
822:
818:
810:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
785:
784:
779:
774:
772:
771:
760:
758:
754:
749:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
726:
723:
719:
709:
705:
703:
698:
695:
691:
686:
683:
679:
674:
672:
668:
664:
659:
656:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
621:
619:
618:
613:
612:
607:
606:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
584:Soterioupolis
581:
576:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
544:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
485:
483:
479:
475:
471:
466:
462:
458:
453:
447:
444:
440:
439:Sergey Karpov
435:
433:
427:
418:
415:
411:
406:
404:
400:
395:
391:
385:
383:
382:
377:
373:
372:Edward Gibbon
369:
365:
361:
360:George Finlay
357:
353:
349:
346:
342:
338:
337:
331:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
310:
306:
296:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
269:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
240:
236:
232:
228:
218:
210:
206:
198:
195:
191:
188:
185:
181:
178:
175:
171:
168:
165:
163:
159:
153:
150:
148:
145:
144:
142:
139:
138:
132:
128:
125:
121:
117:
109:
105:
96:
92:
88:
84:
81:
75:
72:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
47:
43:
40:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
3305:1180s births
3270:Botso Jaqeli
3163:
3154:
3150:Abdulmesiani
3149:
3138:
3127:
3124:Mose Khoneli
3116:
3020:Qutlu Arslan
2860:
2838:David Soslan
2833:(until 1185)
2712:
2464:Philadelphia
2401:Philadelphia
2383:(Asia Minor)
2310:
2260:
2237:
2230:
2218:
2200:
2177:
2154:
2147:
2129:
2122:
2115:
2108:
2090:
2083:
2065:
2058:
2051:
2044:
2026:
2019:
2002:
2001:
1994:
1961:
1944:
1896:
1884:
1867:
1829:
1820:Anna Komnene
1771:
1738:
1638:
1544:Andronikos I
1535:
1531:
1482:Andronikos I
1470:
1465:
1451:
1444:
1436:
1423:
1403:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1369:
1360:
1352:
1347:
1338:
1329:
1320:
1311:
1302:
1294:
1289:
1280:
1271:
1263:
1259:
1254:
1222:
1217:
1208:
1199:
1191:
1186:
1177:
1168:
1160:
1152:
1144:
1139:
1131:
1127:
1122:
1113:
1104:
1096:
1092:
1087:
1078:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1053:
1049:
1032:
1023:
1015:
1011:
1006:Kuršanskis,
1002:
994:
990:
981:
961:
956:
947:
939:
933:
924:
916:
912:
907:Kuršanskis,
903:
895:
892:
887:
862:
858:
848:
826:
821:
801:who married
783:protostrator
781:
775:
768:
766:
750:
745:
727:
715:
706:
699:
687:
675:
660:
646:Latin Empire
627:
615:
609:
603:
577:
553:Kaykhusraw I
545:
486:
461:Seljuk Turks
457:buffer state
448:
436:
428:
424:
407:
386:
379:
339:Alexios and
334:
332:
312:Andronikos I
302:
285:Seljuk Turks
270:
265:
242:Andronikos I
226:
204:
203:
135:
112:(1222-02-01)
71:Andronikos I
36:
25:
3310:1222 deaths
3225:Amanelisdze
2902:Theodore II
2886:Individuals
2842:Children —
2790:Queen Tamar
2707:Paphlagonia
2666:(1204–1205)
2648:Leo Gabalas
2631:(1203–1204)
2575:Leo Sgouros
2527:(1195–1203)
2508:Paphlagonia
2429:(1185–1195)
2375:Adramyttion
2364:(1182–1185)
2354:, 1182–1205
1619:Alexios III
1392:Foundations
1073:, pp. 14–19
985:Toumanoff,
712:Later years
678:Mount Athos
489:Paphlagonia
399:Palaiologos
388:mother was
356:Fallmerayer
345:Byzantinist
101: 1182
85:(1204–1212)
3289:Categories
3174:Saeristavo
2897:Michael IV
2806:George III
2662:After the
2454:Adrianople
1629:Alexios IV
1624:Manuel III
1579:Alexios II
1476:1204–1222
871:10023/8570
865:(3): 175.
841:References
825:The style
734:Kura River
697:Theodore.
611:Autokrator
551:by Sultan
78:Co-emperor
3178:(List of
3140:Tamariani
2861:Alexios I
2859:Nephew —
2855:Demetrius
2853:Cousin —
2844:George IV
2828:Spouse —
2822:Sister —
2812:Burdukhan
2810:Mother —
2804:Father —
2717:Trebizond
2593:Macedonia
2583:Corinthia
2549:Macedonia
2512:Nicomedia
2440:Ivan Asen
1648:Alexios V
1640:Alexander
1589:Manuel II
1532:Alexios I
1466:New title
1353:Trebizond
1295:Trebizond
1260:Mesogeios
1192:Trebizond
1071:Trebizond
1050:Chronicle
879:1479-5078
722:Thermodon
667:Kaykaus I
580:Nicomedia
565:Argonauts
537:Kastamone
529:Black Sea
443:strategos
410:Trebizond
293:Kaykaus I
277:Trebizond
122:possibly
67:Successor
50:Claimant
3266:Samtskhe
2995:Abulasan
2912:John VII
2907:Basil IV
2792:'s reign
2625:Isaac II
2613:Thessaly
2444:Bulgaria
2436:Theodore
1702:and the
1696:Komnenoi
1609:John III
1574:Theodora
1554:Manuel I
1438:Komnenid
1351:Miller,
1293:Miller,
1190:Miller,
1065:Finlay,
991:Speculum
935:Speculum
799:daughter
797:, and a
795:Manuel I
742:Lake Van
690:Kayqubad
617:Rhomaioi
605:Basileus
600:Perateia
497:Kerasous
465:Komnenos
414:Georgian
381:Speculum
279:from an
273:Anatolia
246:conquest
217:Georgian
193:Religion
167:Komnenos
152:Manuel I
3180:duchies
3106:Culture
3000:Apridon
2975:Chiaber
2970:Kubasar
2849:Rusudan
2824:Rusudan
2818:Rusudan
2816:Aunt —
2747:Phrygia
2697:Methone
2579:Argolid
2569:Phrygia
2559:Laconia
1698:of the
1634:John IV
1614:Michael
1569:John II
1447:c. 1182
1440:dynasty
1297:, p. 17
1067:History
614:of the
592:Cherson
541:Alexios
493:Imereti
476:") and
390:Rusudan
336:Caesars
328:blinded
283:by the
252:by the
187:Rusudan
162:Dynasty
137:more...
2798:Family
2737:Nicaea
2727:Epirus
2687:Amisus
2652:Rhodes
2623:Under
2539:Thrace
2535:Ivanko
2522:Under
2474:Tarsia
2425:Under
2415:Nicaea
2411:Prussa
2391:Cyprus
2360:Under
1564:George
1549:John I
1450:
877:
831:George
791:John I
636:, and
588:Crimea
573:Naiads
521:Sinope
517:Samsun
513:Limnia
505:Amasra
403:Doukas
320:Pontus
289:Sinope
219::
183:Mother
173:Father
147:John I
119:Spouse
2305:Only
1653:David
1599:Irene
1594:Basil
1537:David
1452:Died:
1445:Born:
1093:Gamer
813:Notes
740:near
738:Ahlat
694:Sivas
596:Kerch
569:Mysia
561:Hylas
341:David
231:David
209:Greek
131:Issue
83:David
59:Reign
2627:and
2581:and
2438:and
2413:and
2311:bold
1694:The
1637:(w.
1604:Anna
1534:(w.
875:ISSN
793:and
753:John
720:and
718:Iris
608:and
519:and
507:and
501:Cide
484:").
107:Died
94:Born
867:hdl
401:or
248:of
3291::
3268:—
3259:—
3250:—
3241:—
3232:—
3223:—
3214:—
3205:—
3196:—
3162:—
3148:—
3137:—
3126:—
3115:—
2510:,
2506:,
1394:,
1388:30
1386:,
1264:12
1262:,
1242:^
1230:^
1159:,
1132:42
1130:,
1095:,
1041:^
1016:35
1014:,
1010:,
995:15
993:,
989:,
969:^
940:11
938:,
932:,
917:46
915:,
911:,
896:35
873:.
861:.
857:.
759:.
632:,
594:,
515:,
503:,
499:,
215:;
211::
98:c.
3182:)
2782:e
2775:t
2768:v
2749:)
2745:(
2739:)
2735:(
2729:)
2725:(
2719:)
2715:(
2709:)
2705:(
2699:)
2695:(
2689:)
2685:(
2679:)
2675:(
2654:)
2650:(
2644:)
2640:(
2615:)
2611:(
2605:)
2601:(
2595:)
2591:(
2585:)
2577:(
2571:)
2567:(
2561:)
2557:(
2551:)
2547:(
2541:)
2537:(
2514:)
2502:(
2496:)
2492:(
2486:)
2482:(
2476:)
2472:(
2466:)
2462:(
2456:)
2452:(
2446:)
2442:(
2417:)
2409:(
2403:)
2399:(
2393:)
2389:(
2377:)
2373:(
2343:e
2336:t
2329:v
1687:e
1680:t
1673:v
1643:)
1540:)
1513:e
1506:t
1499:v
1396:2
1097:1
881:.
869::
863:2
833:.
207:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.