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1110:, Ordin, Matveyev, the best of Peter's precursors) and suitably employed them. He was not a man of superior strength of character, or he would never have submitted to the dictation of Nikon. But, on the other hand, he was naturally, if timorously, progressive, or he would never have encouraged the great reforming boyar Matveyev. His last years, notwithstanding the terrible rebellion of
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Alexis's first marriage to
Miloslavskaya was harmonious and felicitous. They had thirteen children (five sons and eight daughters) in twenty-one years of marriage, and she died only weeks after her thirteenth childbirth. Four sons survived her (Alexei, Fyodor, Semyon and Ivan), but within six months
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By the 1660s, Alexis's wars with Poland and Sweden had put an increasing strain on the
Russian economy and public finances. In response, Alexis's government had begun minting large numbers of copper coins in 1654 to increase government revenue but this led to a devaluation of the ruble and a severe
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Alexis empowered
Morozov to conduct reforms in reducing social tensions, however his measure of tripling the tax burden (arrears for the two years preceding 1648 was demanded) saw heightened popular discontent. Morozov was regarded as a corrupt, self-seeking boyar and was accused of sorcery and
1154:, manifested in an optimistic Christian faith, in a profound, but unfanatical, attachment to the traditions and ritual of the Church, in a desire to see everyone round him happy and at peace, and in a highly developed capacity to extract a quiet and mellow enjoyment from all things.
1054:, in order to address the problems caused by Nikon. The synod agreed to formally depose Nikon, and also decided to excommunicate all who opposed the reforms of the church; those opponents broke away from the official Russian Orthodox Church to form the
923:. In the meantime, Poland had so far recovered herself as to become a much more dangerous foe than Sweden, and, as it was impossible to wage war with both simultaneously, the tsar resolved to rid himself of the Swedes first. In the
1039:. This resulted in significant dissent among the church community. Nevertheless, Alexis continued to support Nikon until 1658, when Nikon abandoned his post due to a personal insult, leaving the seat of the patriarch vacant.
76:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
666:. These regiments formed the backbone of the new army of Tsar Alexis. To fulfill the reform goals, a large number of European military specialists were hired for service. This became possible because of the end of the
1146:, which means "most quiet" or "most peaceful". He received this moniker through the ways he behaved—he would be kind and friendly, but the sounds created from instruments would provoke him. Certain aspects of
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described Alexis (then aged 37) as having "a sanguine complexion with light brown hair, his beard uncut. He is tall and fat of a majestical deportment, severe in his anger, bountiful, charitable".
603:. His domestic policy aimed at limiting the privileges of foreign traders and abolishing useless and expensive court offices. On 17 January 1648, Morozov procured the marriage of the tsar with
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in 1649, an outraged Alexis broke off diplomatic relations with
England and accepted Royalist refugees in Moscow. He also banned all English merchants from his country (notably members of the
958:, the first Russian chancellor and diplomat in the modern sense, who after the disgrace of Nikon became the tsar's first minister until 1670, when he was superseded by the equally able
786:, eventually decided to send an embassy to Persia for a peaceful settlement of the conflict. In August 1653 courtier Prince Ivan Lobanov-Rostov and steward Ivan Komynin traveled from
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Lands, the
Cherkasy and Mountainous Princes and many other States and Lands of the East and West, and the North from Father and Grandfather, and Heir, and Sovereign, and Possessor.
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river. The successful
Safavid offensive resulted in the destruction of the Russian fortress and its garrison being expelled. In 1653, Alexis, initially thinking about sending the
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1150:, not its most purely spiritual, but its aesthetic and worldly aspects, found in him their most complete expression. The essence of Alexis's personality is a certain spiritual
893:. The Russians, unopposed, quickly appropriated nearly everything that was not already occupied by the Swedes. When the Poles offered to negotiate, the whole grand duchy of
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698:. Alexis put down the Novgorod rebellion quickly, but was unable to subdue Pskov, and was forced to promise the city amnesty in return for surrender. The
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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In 1648, using the experience of creating regiments of the foreign system during the reign of his father, Alexis began reforming the army.
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1065:"the leader of the old Believers". Avvakum "had his wife and children buried alive in front of him; he himself was just exiled".
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in southern Russia. At the time of his death, Russia spanned almost 8.1 million km (3.1 million sq mi).
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The popular discontent demonstrated by the riot was partially responsible for Alexis' 1649 issuance of a new legal code, the
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of her death two of these were dead, including Alexei, the 15-year-old heir to the throne. The couple's children were:
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river, as well as the construction of several new fortresses, in particular the one built on the
Iranian side of the
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing
Russian Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
572:, the sixteen-year-old Alexis acceded to the throne after his father's death on 12 July 1645. In August, the Tsar's
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met at Moscow to sanction the war and find the means of carrying it out, and in April 1654 the army was blessed by
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quarrelled over the apportionment of the spoils, and at the end of May 1656, with encouragement by the
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Russia and the Soviet Union : a historical introduction from the Kievan State to the present
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Moskovskie vybornye polki soldatskogo stroi︠a︡ v nachalʹnyĭ period svoeĭ istorii, 1656-1671 gg
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agreed to settle the conflict, stating that the conflict was initiated without his consent.
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It is the crowning merit of the Tsar Alexei that he discovered so many great men (like
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was an uninterrupted triumph, and scores of towns, including the important fortress of
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1536:(Seventh ed.). Boulder, CO: Westview Press, A member of the Perseus Books Group.
1182:, We, the Great Sovereign, Tsar and Grand Prince Alexei Mikhailovich, Autocrat of all
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distinguished himself at Great
Novgorod and in 1651 became the Tsar's chief minister.
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Throughout his reign, Alexis faced rebellions across Russia. After resolving the 1648
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1361:(1657–1704), regent of Russia (1682–89) for her two younger brothers; never married
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He was the first tsar to sign laws on his own authority and his council passed the
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2170:– Historical reconstruction "The Romanovs". StarMedia. Babich-Design(Russia, 2013)
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to proclaim him the most attractive of
Russian monarchs. He acquired the moniker
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Several old believers fled to the monastery of Solovki which had revolted in the
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Great things were expected by Russia of the Swedish war, but nothing came of it.
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Across Russia, Old Believers were harshly persecuted. One such old believer was
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of 1649, which strengthened the bonds between autocracy and the lower nobility.
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1401:(1666–1696); was co-ruler along with his younger half-brother Peter, father of
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1415:(1 September 1651 – 4 February 1694). She had been brought up in the house of
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In 1653, the weakness and disorder of Poland, which had just emerged from the
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The Polish war dragged on for six years longer and was then concluded by the
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was the least of the demands made by Alexis. However, Alexis and the king of
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briefly swept the Polish state out of existence, in what became known as the
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remained in the hands of Russia together with the whole eastern bank of the
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financial crisis. As a result, angry Moscow residents revolted in the 1662
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While finding success in foreign affairs, his reign saw several wars with
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established a series of reforms that aimed to bring the practices of the
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670:, which created a colossal surplus of military professionals in Europe.
1713:. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 578.
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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1984:"1667 г. Именной указ. "О титуле Царском и о Государственной печати""
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Morozov pursued a peaceful foreign policy, securing a truce with the
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was taken, but countless multitudes of men were lost in vain before
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2132:(1665) is a key source on domestic life of the tsar and his court.
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in southern Russia erupted in rebellion. The rebellion was led by
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The Politics of Trade in Safavid Iran: Silk for Silver, 1600-1730
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river. The turning point in his campaign was his failed siege of
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appealed to Tsar Alexis for protection from the Poles, and the
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The Present State of Russia in a Letter to a Friend at London
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Anna Alexeevna (23 January 1655– 8 May 1659); died in infancy
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736:. From 1670 to 1671, Razin seized multiple towns along the
1602:. Great Britain: Oxford University Press. pp. 80–82.
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were restored to Poland, but the more important cities of
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The main direction of the reform was the mass creation of
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Persia in Crisis: Safavid Decline and the Fall of Isfahan
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1835:
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619:. In May 1648 Muscovites rose against his faction in the
1804:
Malov, A. V. (Aleksandr Vital'evich) (Александр (2006).
1657:. United Kingdom: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 43.
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in 1856. They have earned him a place in the history of
2138:'s treatises from the 1660s are also very informative.
1845:
1830:
1490:
1314:(the winner of the Tsardom-wide contest organized by
1888:
1886:
1502:'Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov, the Quietest')
927:(2 July 1661), Russia retroceded all her conquests.
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1242:, Bulgar and others, Sovereign and Grand Prince of
744:in October 1670. Razin was finally captured on the
2130:On Russia during the reign of Alexey Mikhailovich
1883:
855:, fell into the hands of the Russians. Ukrainian
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690:Alexis faced rebellions in 1650 in the cities of
148:Portrait of Alexis by an unknown Russian artist,
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1924:. United States: Vintage Books. pp. 43–59.
1649:
1138:is all we have of him. But it is sufficient for
1134:A few private letters and an instruction to his
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965:
828:, encouraged Alexis to attempt to annex the old
536:, as well as internal instabilities such as the
1426:(1672–1725), later known as "Peter the Great",
483:19 March] 1629 – 8 February [
770:troops attacked Russian fortifications in the
599:and carefully avoiding complications with the
94:accompanying your translation by providing an
60:Click for important translation instructions.
47:expand this article with text translated from
2594:
2225:
2168:Romanovs: The first film. Michael I, Alexis I
1352:(1654–1670); crown prince; died unwed aged 15
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1559:
1557:
1555:
1553:
885:In the summer of 1655, a sudden invasion by
584:. He was committed to the care of his tutor
505:In religious matters, he sided closely with
2080:Bibliography of Russian history (1613–1917)
974:was beheaded by the Parliamentarians under
755:
2662:(pretendent, murdered at the age of three)
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2218:
1919:
1334:(1648–1649); crown prince; died in infancy
487:29 January] 1676), also known as
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25:Patriarch Alexy of Moscow (disambiguation)
2809:Candidates for the Polish elective throne
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2141:
2092:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1550:
1511:Pre-reform spelling: Алеѯі́й Мїха́иловичъ
1118:Alexis's letters were first published by
954:river. This truce was the achievement of
732:who had captured the Russian terminus of
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1668:
1666:
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1492:Aleksey Mikhaylovich Romanov (Tishayshy)
1302:
1079:
997:
982:) and provided financial assistance to "
908:and the other enemies of Sweden, Alexis
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805:
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513:which saw unpopular liturgical reforms.
318:
2106:
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1965:
1948:. Northwestern University Press, 1999.
1854:
1839:
1622:
1473:Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov (Tishayshy)
1411:Alexis remarried on 1 February 1671 to
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866:brought about Russian dominance of the
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278: 1648; died 1669)
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1595:
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1175:The full title of Alexis in 1667 was:
881:Portrait of Alexis on horseback, 1670s
580:he was crowned on 28 September in the
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2213:
1803:
1661:
1481:Алексей Михайлович Романов (Тишайший)
1379:(1661–1682); succeeded his father as
511:schism in the Russian Orthodox Church
474:
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1730:
1726:
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1722:
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1695:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1002:Alexis praying before the relics of
576:died, and following a pilgrimage to
564:19 March] 1629, the son of
106:{{Translated|ru|Алексей Михайлович}}
29:
1870:Peter the Great: His Life and World
495:from 1645 until his death in 1676.
13:
1899:. Anthem Press. pp. 208–209.
1737:. Anthem Press. pp. 163–166.
1046:, which was attended by Patriarch
642:
476:[ɐlʲɪkˈsʲejmʲɪˈxajləvʲɪtɕ]
14:
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2161:
1717:
1584:
349:Sofia Alexeevna, Regent of Russia
2824:People of the Russo-Persian Wars
1920:Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2016).
1683:
713:, which was put down violently.
34:
16:Tsar of Russia from 1645 to 1676
2144:Alexis, Tsar of All the Russias
2044:
2019:
1994:
1976:
1972:. John Winter. p. 44, 110.
1959:
1946:A History of Russian Literature
1938:
1913:
1860:
1808:. Moskva: Drevlekhranilishche.
1797:
1759:The Cambridge history of Russia
1751:
1453:Family tree of Russian monarchs
1042:In 1666, the tsar convened the
300:
275:
1643:
1629:. Рипол Классик. p. 120.
1616:
1525:
1505:
1465:
1407:Yevdokia Alexeevna (1669–1669)
802:Wars against Poland and Sweden
637:
597:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
264:Maria Ilyinichna Miloslavskaya
168:12 July 1645 – 29 January 1676
104:You may also add the template
1:
2799:17th-century Russian monarchs
1518:
1442:Fyodora Alexeevna (1674–1678)
1413:Natalya Kirillovna Naryshkina
1308:Tsar Alexei chooses his bride
1075:
1070:Solovetsky Monastery uprising
994:Schism with the Old Believers
966:Response to English Civil War
820:Russo-Swedish War (1656–1658)
762:Russo-Persian War (1651–1653)
673:
289:Natalya Kirillovna Naryshkina
149:
2086:Matthee, Rudolph P. (1999).
1896:A History of Russia: To 1917
1734:A History of Russia: To 1917
1395:(1665–1669); died in infancy
816:Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)
625:Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery
374:Tsarevich Simeon Alexeyevich
369:Tsarevna Feodosia Alexeyevna
354:Tsarevna Ekaterina Alexeevna
334:Tsarevna Yevdokia Alekseevna
7:
1596:Freeze, Gregory L. (2009).
1491:
1446:
1290:and Georgian Tsars and the
1114:, were deservedly tranquil.
832:lands. On 1 October 1653 a
810:Banner of Tsar Alexis, 1654
609:Ilya Danilovich Miloslavsky
344:Tsarevich Alexei Alexeevich
329:Tsarevich Dmitri Alexeevich
10:
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2301:Sviatoslav III of Vladimir
2142:Longworth, Philip (1984).
2077:
2073:
1532:Thompson, John M. (2013).
1244:Novgorod of the Lower Land
1016:
813:
759:
389:Tsarevna Natalya Alexeevna
339:Tsarevna Marfa Alekseyevna
246:Cathedral of the Archangel
68:Machine translation, like
18:
2751:3rd generation (Romanovs)
2750:
2710:2nd generation (Romanovs)
2709:
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2669:
2653:2nd generation (Rurikids)
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2409:
2249:Grand princes of Vladimir
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1048:Macarius III Ibn al-Za'im
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49:the corresponding article
2346:Dmitry the Terrible Eyes
2241:List of Russian monarchs
2056:Encyclopaedia Britannica
2031:Encyclopaedia Britannica
2006:Encyclopaedia Britannica
1966:Collins, Samuel (1671).
1570:Encyclopaedia Britannica
1458:
1170:
956:Afanasy Ordin-Nashchokin
756:War against Safavid Iran
359:Tsarevna Maria Alexeevna
2727:Feodor III Alekseyevich
2644:Dmitry Ivanovich (1582)
2629:Dmitry Ivanovich (1552)
2296:Yaroslav II of Vladimir
1710:Encyclopædia Britannica
1651:Sebag Montefiore, Simon
1282:, the Sovereign of the
1278:, and Ruler of all the
1098:Encyclopædia Britannica
1029:Russian Orthodox Church
840:, who had been elected
748:in April 1671, and was
592:open to Western ideas.
115:For more guidance, see
21:Russian Orthodox Church
2495:Emperors of all Russia
2107:Matthee, Rudi (2012).
1789:: CS1 maint: others (
1623:Greener, W.O. (1900).
1323:
1296:
1156:
1116:
1092:
1014:
984:the disconsolate widow
882:
811:
683:
560:on 29 March [
23:of the same name, see
2829:Tsareviches of Russia
2306:Andrey II of Vladimir
2276:Vsevolod the Big Nest
1893:Moss, Walter (2002).
1731:Moss, Walter (2002).
1306:
1177:
1132:
1104:
1083:
1052:Paisius of Alexandria
1012:Alexander Litovchenko
1001:
880:
809:
681:
479:; 29 March [
117:Knowledge:Translation
88:copyright attribution
19:For the heads of the
2742:Peter I Alekseyevich
2681:Feodor II Borisovich
2419:Ivan IV the Terrible
2286:Konstantin of Rostov
2266:Andrei I Bogolyubsky
1701:Alexius Mikhailovich
1226:and Grand Prince of
1163:In 1666, his doctor
1159:Personal description
1086:Millennium of Russia
972:Charles I of England
864:Treaty of Pereyaslav
826:Khmelnytsky Uprising
784:Zaporozhian Cossacks
552:Early life and reign
500:Sobornoye Ulozheniye
2819:Royalty from Moscow
2737:Ivan V Alekseyevich
2722:Alexei Alekseyevich
2411:Tsars of all Russia
2386:Vasily II the Blind
2326:Dmitry of Pereslavl
2291:Yuri II of Vladimir
2281:Yuri II of Vladimir
2271:Mikhail of Vladimir
2126:Grigory Kotoshikhin
1697:Bain, Robert Nisbet
1626:The story of Moscow
1387:Feodosia Alexeyevna
1365:Ekaterina Alexeevna
1338:Yevdokia Alekseevna
1320:Maria Miloslavskaya
1299:Family and children
1180:By the Grace of God
1084:Tsar Alexis on the
1031:into line with its
1006:in the presence of
990:, King Charles I."
887:Charles X of Sweden
750:drawn and quartered
652:New Order Regiments
632:Sobornoye Ulozhenie
605:Maria Miloslavskaya
582:Dormition Cathedral
460:Alexei Mikhailovich
407:Alexei Mikhailovich
2732:Simeon Alexeyevich
2717:Dmitry Alexeyevich
2639:Feodor I Ivanovich
2618:1st generation (
2391:Ivan III the Great
2331:Andrey of Gorodets
2321:Vasily of Kostroma
2146:. Franklin Watts.
1393:Simeon Alexeyevich
1324:
1280:Northern Countries
1124:Russian literature
1093:
1044:Great Moscow Synod
1015:
932:Truce of Andrusovo
883:
860:Bogdan Khmelnitsky
812:
684:
570:Eudoxia Streshneva
540:in Moscow and the
532:were annexed) and
493:Tsar of all Russia
468:Алексей Михайлович
442:Eudoxia Streshneva
159:Tsar of all Russia
136:Алексей Михайлович
96:interlanguage link
2771:
2770:
2690:1st generation (
2670:1st generation (
2660:Ivan Dmitriyevich
2576:
2575:
2376:Dmitry of the Don
2351:Alexander of Tver
2261:Yuri I Dolgorukiy
2208:
2207:
2199:Succeeded by
1867:Massie, Robert K.
1609:978-0-19-956041-7
1599:Russia: A History
1501:
1489:
1437:Natalya Alexeevna
1432:Emperor of Russia
1350:Alexei Alexeevich
1344:Marfa Alekseyevna
1332:Dmitri Alexeevich
1318:was his relative
1148:Russian Orthodoxy
1126:, as assessed by
1095:According to the
1037:sign of the cross
1033:Greek counterpart
872:left-bank Ukraine
868:Cossack Hetmanate
834:national assembly
668:Thirty Years' War
526:left-bank Ukraine
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456:
432:Michael of Russia
411:
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178:28 September 1645
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2814:House of Romanov
2784:Alexis of Russia
2758:Alexei Petrovich
2701:Alexei I Romanov
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2366:Ivan II the Fair
2361:Simeon the Proud
2316:Yaroslav of Tver
2311:Alexander Nevsky
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1383:; died childless
1108:Fyodor Rtishchev
1100:Eleventh Edition
960:Artamon Matveyev
849:campaign of 1654
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1371:Maria Alexeevna
1359:Sofia Alexeevna
1301:
1222:, Sovereign of
1173:
1161:
1140:Sergey Platonov
1090:Veliky Novgorod
1078:
1025:Patriarch Nikon
1021:
1008:Patriarch Nikon
996:
988:glorious martyr
980:Muscovy Company
976:Oliver Cromwell
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925:Peace of Kardis
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814:Main articles:
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2009:. Retrieved
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1174:
1162:
1152:Epicureanism
1143:
1133:
1128:D. S. Mirsky
1117:
1112:Stenka Razin
1105:
1097:
1094:
1088:monument in
1067:
1060:
1041:
1022:
969:
929:
914:
910:declared war
884:
846:
823:
765:
726:Stenka Razin
715:
707:
700:Metropolitan
685:
658:, Soldiers,
649:
646:
629:
613:
594:
566:Tsar Michael
555:
546:Stenka Razin
515:
504:
497:
488:
459:
458:
317:
232:(1676-02-08)
92:edit summary
83:
54:
46:
2794:1676 deaths
2789:1629 births
2610:Tsareviches
2568:Nicholas II
2548:Alexander I
2508:Catherine I
2485:(co-rulers)
1439:(1673–1716)
1389:(1662–1713)
1373:(1660–1723)
1367:(1658–1718)
1346:(1652–1707)
1340:(1650–1712)
1286:Lands, the
938:and Polish
912:on Sweden.
752:in Moscow.
730:Don Cossack
711:Copper Riot
638:Later reign
588:, a shrewd
524:(from whom
509:during the
183:Predecessor
2778:Categories
2553:Nicholas I
2473:Feodor III
2396:Vasily III
2202:Feodor III
2196:1645–1676
2078:See also:
2061:18 October
2036:18 October
2011:18 October
1956:. Page 27.
1880:. Page 12.
1815:5936461068
1576:18 October
1519:References
1430:and first
1377:Fyodor III
1218:, Tsar of
1214:, Tsar of
1210:, Tsar of
1076:Assessment
1058:movement.
1004:Phillip II
720:along the
694:and Great
674:Rebellions
617:witchcraft
544:revolt of
364:Fyodor III
213:1629-03-29
197:Feodor III
174:Coronation
51:in Russian
2612:of Russia
2533:Peter III
2528:Elizabeth
2457:Vladislav
2451:Vasili IV
2439:Feodor II
2052:"Peter I"
1988:garant.ru
1785:cite book
1699:(1911). "
1486:romanized
1292:Kabardian
1264:Beloozero
1260:Yaroslavl
1248:Chernigov
1216:Astrakhan
1144:Tishayshy
1136:falconers
1023:In 1653,
895:Lithuania
844:in 1652.
842:patriarch
788:Astrakhan
766:In 1651,
734:Astrakhan
688:Salt Riot
621:Salt Riot
538:Salt Riot
193:Successor
110:talk page
2692:Romanovs
2672:Godunovs
2620:Rurikids
2513:Peter II
2424:Feodor I
2381:Vasily I
2002:"Sophia"
1824:75971374
1777:77011698
1653:(2016).
1565:"Alexis"
1471:In full
1447:See also
1288:Kartlian
1208:Novgorod
1204:Vladimir
986:of that
944:Smolensk
903:Habsburg
853:Smolensk
796:Abbas II
742:Simbirsk
718:Cossacks
696:Novgorod
660:Dragoons
556:Born in
530:Smolensk
448:Religion
222:, Russia
86:provide
2523:Ivan VI
2503:Peter I
2478:Peter I
2463:Michael
2401:Ivan IV
2185:Michael
2074:Sources
1707:(ed.).
1694::
1500:
1488::
1477:Russian
1424:Peter I
1284:Iverian
1272:Obdoria
1232:Yugorsk
1220:Siberia
1063:Avvakum
952:Dnieper
940:Livonia
936:Polotsk
906:emperor
794:. Shah
792:Isfahan
768:Safavid
664:Hussars
656:Reiters
542:Cossack
464:Russian
422:Romanov
384:Peter I
305:
297:
293:
280:
272:
268:
187:Michael
108:to the
90:in the
53:.
2543:Paul I
2482:Ivan V
2468:Alexis
2356:Ivan I
2253:Moscow
2150:
2115:
2096:
1952:
1928:
1903:
1876:
1822:
1812:
1775:
1765:
1741:
1703:". In
1688:
1633:
1606:
1540:
1399:Ivan V
1276:Kondia
1268:Udoria
1256:Rostov
1252:Ryazan
1240:Vyatka
1196:Moscow
1188:Little
1019:Raskol
917:Dorpat
899:Sweden
891:Deluge
857:Hetman
776:Koy Su
574:mother
558:Moscow
534:Sweden
522:Poland
491:, was
489:Alexis
438:Mother
428:Father
379:Ivan V
253:Spouse
241:Burial
220:Moscow
133:Alexis
2434:Boris
2429:Irina
1459:Notes
1310:, by
1224:Pskov
1212:Kazan
1184:Great
1171:Title
1010:, by
970:When
838:Nikon
780:Terek
738:Volga
703:Nikon
692:Pskov
590:boyar
417:House
402:Names
313:Issue
299:(
295:
274:(
270:
165:Reign
70:DeepL
2518:Anna
2480:and
2251:and
2148:ISBN
2113:ISBN
2094:ISBN
2063:2018
2038:2018
2013:2018
1950:ISBN
1926:ISBN
1901:ISBN
1874:ISBN
1820:OCLC
1810:ISBN
1791:link
1773:OCLC
1763:ISBN
1739:ISBN
1631:ISBN
1604:ISBN
1578:2018
1538:ISBN
1498:lit.
1428:Tsar
1236:Perm
1228:Tver
1200:Kiev
1190:and
948:Kiev
946:and
921:Riga
847:The
830:Rus'
818:and
662:and
568:and
562:O.S.
528:and
518:Iran
485:O.S.
481:O.S.
472:IPA:
227:Died
207:Born
84:must
82:You
2128:'s
870:in
790:to
746:Don
722:Don
72:or
2780::
2054:.
2029:.
2004:.
1986:.
1885:^
1847:^
1832:^
1818:.
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1783:{{
1771:.
1719:^
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1270:,
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1250:,
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2121:.
2102:.
2065:.
2040:.
2015:.
1990:.
1934:.
1909:.
1826:.
1793:)
1779:.
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1639:.
1612:.
1580:.
1546:.
1475:(
1322:)
462:(
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211:(
119:.
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27:.
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