33:
841:
203:
Geological Survey
Department, which introduced him to Egypt's ancient monuments, Chief Chemist of the Surveys Department and then Director and Principal Chemist of the Government Analytical Laboratory. In 1923 he planned to retire to pursue his interest in archaeology. He however accepted the position of Consulting Chemist to the
281:... The nature and properties of all these materials must be analysed. ... What is the best cementing material for refastening loose gold or loose inlay, since a material employed by the Ancient Egyptians in the dry climate of Upper Egypt is not necessarily suitable for the damper climate of museums?
277:
Many of the objects are in such a condition that before they are photographed, recorded, packed, or transported to Cairo they must be cleaned, strengthened and repaired. Any error in treatment might ruin them. ... The first thing to do is to remove superficial dust, which may usually be done by means
288:
Given the heat of the tomb, work was undertaken over the winter, with Lucas spending much of the remainder of his time in Cairo performing chemical analysis and preparing objects for exhibition. Working closely with Howard Carter, Lucas proved to be one of the excavation's most committed supporters,
315:
Lucas published numerous books, papers and articles on his research findings, including subjects relating to the Egypt of his time and the preservation of ancient
Egyptian materials, drawing on his work in Tutankhamen's tomb. His books on both artifact conservation and forensic chemistry proved
202:
in 1897, Lucas moved to Egypt a year later where he made a complete recovery. Serving as a chemist with the
Egyptian civil service, he worked in Egypt for the rest of his career. After starting in the Salt Department, he was employed in a series of chemical laboratory posts, including with the
258:. Lucas played a key role in this team, being responsible for the conservation, restoration and preparation for shipping of the thousands of objects found, some of them quite fragile. To enable him to undertake this work, a makeshift laboratory was set up in the nearby empty
245:
with its contents largely intact, the
Egyptian authorities agreed to loan Lucas to the excavation. He commenced work in December 1922, a part of a small team of experienced archaeologists and experts, led by Howard Carter and including
284:
Very little chemical work has been done on many of the problems faced, and of that little a considerable proportion of the results are so scattered in scientific journals that they cannot easily be traced.
297:
After his involvement with
Tutankhamun's tomb, Lucas supported a number of other excavations, including serving on a commission to consider the restoration of the neglected
278:
of a small pair of bellows or by gentle brushing with an artist's small, soft, dry bristle. A duster cannot be used, as this might catch in any loose gold and cause damage.
308:, and gave lectures and published information booklets for British forces in Egypt. He died, aged 78, at Luxor Hospital on 9 December 1945, during a visit to
897:
1103:
218:
on forensic matters during both world wars. His writings on forensic science were well received and considered ground-breaking, with the
English language
316:
influential and helped develop these fields as professions, some remaining in print many years after his death. Lucas published several articles in the
1113:
214:
work, developing considerable expertise as a ballistics and handwriting expert. He often gave expert evidence in court, and advised
British
1093:
609:
1013:
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122:
262:, with Lucas, assisted by Arthur Mace, assessing, cleaning and â if necessary â repairing each object to ensure safe transport to the
1088:
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782:
230:
During his time in Egypt, Lucas developed an expertise in the analysis and preservation of objects recovered from excavated
915:
312:, having suffered heart failure. A bachelor, the bulk of his estate was left to his brother and sister and their children.
139:
1083:
722:
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743:
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Lucas's descriptions of the conservation process were published in several newspapers, including a 1923 article in
1078:
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32:
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187:
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190:, before working for eight years as an assistant chemist at the Government Laboratory in London.
712:
177:
955:
862:
697:
421:
323:
Lucas received a number of honours for his service with the
Egyptian government, including the
247:
147:
146:, analysing and conserving many of the finds, but he was also a pioneer in the wider fields of
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273:, where he described the difficulties encountered when preserving objects from the tomb:
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675:. Journal of the American Institute for Conservation. Volume 36, Number 1.: 31â48.
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During the Second World War, he helped in the work to safeguard the objects in the
251:
211:
207:, and later of honorary consulting chemist, which he held until his death in 1945.
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finally spending nine seasons until 1930 working in his on-site laboratory.
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175:, England, to commercial traveller Joshua Peter Lucas and Sarah (
126:(27 August 1867 â 9 December 1945) was an Egyptian-based English
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611:
Alfred Lucas, Forensic
Chemistry, and the Curse of Tutankhamen
364:
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Howard Carter and the discovery of the tomb of
Tutankhamun
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fourth class in 1906, appointment as an officer of the
16:
English chemist and part of Tutankhamun excavation team
37:
Lucas working on items from Tutankhamun's tomb, 1923
496:
669:Journal of the American Institute for Conservation
379:
377:
1055:
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292:
222:referring to him as "Egypt's Sherlock Holmes".
776:
1104:Officers of the Order of the British Empire
417:
415:
394:
392:
783:
769:
225:
618:
368:
182:). He studied chemistry in London at the
109:Chemist who conserved artifacts found in
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714:Tutankhamun, Egypt's Most Famous Pharaoh
583:
547:
526:
514:
412:
398:
389:
665:"Alfred Lucas: Egypt's Sherlock Holmes"
662:
451:
1114:Alumni of the Royal College of Science
1056:
622:Who Was Who in Egyptology, 4th edition
764:
710:
625:. Egypt Exploration Society, London.
614:. Oxfordreference.com. 6 August 2013.
502:
176:
134:. He is best known for being part of
717:. Pocket Essentials, Hertfordshire.
607:
383:
1094:20th-century British archaeologists
696:Griffith Institute website (2020).
13:
647:
574:, Monday 10 December 1945, page 3.
559:
490:
193:
14:
1125:
821:317a and 317b mummies (daughters)
538:The Times (London), 5 April 1923.
234:sites. When in November 1922 the
839:
31:
1089:People from Chorlton-on-Medlock
790:
577:
565:
532:
479:Griffith Institute website 2020
466:, Monday 10 April 1922, page 3.
318:Palestine Exploration Quarterly
651:Excavation journals, 1922â1930
593:. 19 April 1921. p. 3080.
457:
1:
408:. 10 July 1906. p. 4719.
344:
162:
1109:British expatriates in Egypt
1015:The Curse of King Tut's Tomb
983:The Curse of King Tut's Tomb
975:Of Time, Tombs and Treasures
619:Bierbrier, Morris L (2012).
293:Later years and achievements
7:
826:Amenhotep III (grandfather)
811:"The Younger Lady" (mother)
493:, p. 22 December 1922.
332:Order of the British Empire
10:
1130:
1084:Scientists from Manchester
681:10.1179/019713697806113620
601:
562:, p. 13 October 1930.
429:. 27 August 1920. p. 1939.
210:Lucas also undertook much
964:
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732:Winstone, H.V.F. (2006).
105:
95:
87:
68:
42:
30:
23:
188:Royal College of Science
226:The tomb of Tutankhamun
157:
738:. Barzan, Manchester.
663:Gilberg, Mark (1997).
608:Bell, Suzanne (2013).
286:
1079:English Egyptologists
1043:Curse of the pharaohs
426:The Edinburgh Gazette
341:third class in 1921.
275:
184:Royal School of Mines
169:Chorlton-upon-Medlock
57:Chorlton-upon-Medlock
888:Meteoric iron dagger
711:Price, Bill (2007).
699:People: Alfred Lucas
572:Liverpool Daily Post
464:The Egyptian Gazette
320:on biblical topics.
941:Lady Evelyn Herbert
816:Ankhesenamun (wife)
371:, pp. 341â342.
243:tomb of Tutankhamun
205:Antiquities Service
991:Mysteries of Egypt
977:(1977 documentary)
831:Tiye (grandmother)
806:Akhenaten (father)
704:Griffith Institute
656:Griffith Institute
590:The London Gazette
405:The London Gazette
167:Lucas was born in
144:Tutankhamun's tomb
128:analytical chemist
111:Tutankhamun's tomb
100:Analytical chemist
1051:
1050:
1038:Steve Martin song
1033:(2016 miniseries)
1025:(2015 miniseries)
926:Earl of Carnarvon
454:, pp. 31â48.
339:Order of the Nile
328:Order of Osmanieh
254:and photographer
150:preservation and
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115:
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1074:English chemists
1009:(2005 TV series)
936:Arthur Callender
873:Head of Nefertem
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648:Carter, Howard.
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252:Arthur Callender
232:ancient Egyptian
220:Egyptian Gazette
212:forensic science
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152:forensic science
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21:
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260:tomb of Seti II
241:discovered the
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198:Diagnosed with
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194:Career in Egypt
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138:'s team at the
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72:9 December 1945
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369:Bierbrier 2012
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216:courts-martial
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106:Known for
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76:(aged 78)
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53:27 August 1867
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849:Artifacts and
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303:
299:Theban tombs
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264:Cairo Museum
256:Harry Burton
229:
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200:tuberculosis
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180: Thomas
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119:Alfred Lucas
118:
117:
74:(1945-12-09)
25:Alfred Lucas
18:
1099:Tutankhamun
1069:1945 deaths
1064:1867 births
1031:Tutankhamun
1017:(2006 film)
993:(1998 film)
985:(1980 film)
956:Arthur Mace
898:Exhibitions
851:exhibitions
792:Tutankhamun
585:"No. 32295"
422:"No. 13627"
400:"No. 27930"
248:Arthur Mace
88:Nationality
1058:Categories
999:Tutenstein
503:Price 2007
345:References
173:Manchester
163:Early life
140:excavation
96:Occupation
61:Manchester
49:1867-08-27
916:Discovery
754:828501310
706:, Oxford.
689:0197-1360
658:, Oxford.
641:470552591
384:Bell 2013
271:The Times
63:, England
893:Chariots
883:Trumpets
336:Egyptian
186:and the
148:artifact
967:culture
965:Popular
602:Sources
325:Ottoman
91:British
82:, Egypt
799:Family
752:
742:
721:
702:. The
687:
654:. The
639:
629:
560:Carter
491:Carter
1007:Egypt
863:Mummy
310:Luxor
80:Luxor
908:Tomb
858:Mask
750:OCLC
740:ISBN
719:ISBN
685:ISSN
637:OCLC
627:ISBN
158:Life
130:and
69:Died
43:Born
1023:Tut
677:doi
178:nÊe
142:of
123:OBE
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748:.
683:.
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671:.
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