31:
390:. He also introduced sensitive tests and devised improved laboratory techniques for dealing with mercury which minimized poisoning risk, possibly initiated by his chronic mercury poisoning in 1923, due to his use of liquid mercury in some novel laboratory apparatus he invented. He became more vocal on protesting the mercury usage after realizing the toxicity of its organic derivatives. German
351:, to bind) was first used by Stock in 1917. H. Irving and R.J.P. Williams adopted the term in a paper published in 1948. Monodentate, bidentate, tridentate characterized the number of ligands attached to a metal. Given the introduction of ligand concept, he was also able to further derive the idea of
292:
of silicon. The hydrides of boron and silicon represented the first family of binary compounds to approach the richness of hydrocarbons in terms of structural diversity. Not only did the boron hydrides exhibit challenging properties, their structures were also unusual. Elucidation of the
366:. In his own words, he considered the system to be "simple, clear, immediately intelligible, capable of the most general application." In 1924, a German commission recommended Stock system to be adopted with some accommodations. FeCl
221:
In 1899 he worked with the French chemist and toxicologist Henri
Moissan in Paris for one year. He was given the task of synthesizing still unknown compounds of boron and silicon. Five years later he became professor at the
288:. Due to their extreme reactivity and flammability in air, boron hydrides could not be purified until his development of methods for separation using high-vacuum manifolds around 1912. He performed similar work on the
241:
A member of the NSDAP (National
Socialist German Workers' Party) since 1933, Stock was anti-Semitic. From February 6, 1936, to May 7, 1938 Stock was the president of the German Chemical Society. Bombs in the
438:. The prize, consisting of a gold medal and money, is awarded every other year for "an outstanding independent scientific experimental investigation in the field of inorganic chemistry."
843:
254:(near Dessau). After the war in 1946, Stock endeavoured to revitalize German chemistry by lectures and memoirs. He was renowned for his pioneering research on boron hydrides.
370:, which would have been named iron(2)-chloride according to Stock's original idea, became iron(II) chloride in the revised proposal. In 1934 Stock agreed to the use of
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the Stock high vacuum apparatus - an apparatus made of glass which allows work with highly combustible and poisonous substances to be undertaken in high vacuum.
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but preferred keeping the hyphen and dropping the parentheses. Although this suggestion has not been followed, the Stock system remains in use worldwide.
398:
usage. Nevertheless, a paper from
Fleischmann, in which removal of mercury in amalgam-related illness had led to complete recovery, supported his idea. (
333:. This method made beryllium available for industrial use, such as in special alloys and glasses and for making windows in X-ray tubes.
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structures and the associated bonding models dramatically expanded the scope of inorganic chemistry. Boron hydrides such as
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1928, No. 8). A committee was founded in Berlin to investigate cases of possible mercury intoxication and hence the term
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from 1926 to 1936. In 1932 he was a visiting professor at
Cornell University in Ithaca, New York for four months.
250:, but the flow of refugees forced them to move again towards west in February 1945. They found accommodation in
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In recognition of his contributions to the field of inorganic chemistry, the German
Chemical Society (
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in Berlin. After a severe mercury poisoning he became the director of the
Chemistry Department at the
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damaged the house of Stock. In
September 1943 he and his wife moved to Bad Warmbrunn in
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or the Stock system - the system of naming the oxidation state of an atom in a compound
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as well as a source of diverse ligands and building blocks for researchers. With
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in Berlin. After finishing his dissertation about the quantitative separation of
186:. The German Chemical Society's Alfred-Stock Memorial Prize is named after him.
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Irving, H.; R.J.P. Williams (1948). "Order of stability of metal complexes".
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The "Stock system," first published in 1919, was a system of nomenclature on
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After retirement in 1936, Stock moved from
Karlsruhe to Berlin. He died in
629:(1983). "The origin and dissemination of the term "ligand" in chemistry".
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Die Gefährlichkeit des
Quecksilbers und der Amalgam-ZahnfĂĽllungen
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Brock, William H.; K. A. Jensen; Christian Klixbüll Jørgensen;
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the principles of the chemistry of metal-chelate complexes
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Portrait of the German chemist Alfred Stock (1876 – 1946).
198:) and educated at the Friedrich-Werder grammar school in
764:"Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker e.V., GDCh-Preise 2008"
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Academic staff of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
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Zur Nomenklatur und Registrierung anorganischer Stoffe.
535:Ăśber eine quantitative Trennung des Arsens vom Antimon.
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Stock published over 50 papers on different aspects of
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List of recipients of the Alfred-Stock-Gedächtnispreis
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462:. Ithaca(USA) 1933, (Neuausgabe Ithaca(UAS) 1957).
448:Praktikum der quantitativen anorganischen Analyse.
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558:Wiberg, Egon (1950). "Alfred Stock 1876-1946".
202:. In 1894 he began studies in chemistry at the
155:(July 16, 1876 – August 12, 1946) was a German
317:Research in other areas of inorganic chemistry
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394:abandoned his warning in 1928 against copper
258:Research on the hydrides of boron and silicon
839:Academic staff of the University of Breslau
378:Interests in mercury and mercury poisoning
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450:Berlin 1909, (6. Auflage, MĂĽnchen 1979).
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321:In 1921, Stock first prepared metallic
262:In 1909 Stock began studying the boron
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232:Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Chemistry
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614:. New York: Cornell University Press.
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325:by electrolyzing a fused mixture of
162:. He did pioneering research on the
16:German inorganic chemist (1876–1946)
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422:, in August 1946 at the age of 70.
400:Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift
13:
768:de:Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker
236:Technische Hochschule in Karlsruhe
14:
865:
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726:Zeitschrift fĂĽr Angewandte Chemie
612:The Hydrides of Boron and Silicon
81:Soviet occupation zone of Germany
586:Alfred Stock und die Judenfrage.
297:later developed into a range of
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432:Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker
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643:10.1016/S0277-5387(00)88023-7
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460:Hydrides of boron and silicon
834:20th-century German chemists
744:Translated by Birgit Calhoun
709:Sella, Andrea (2014-05-20).
218:he got his doctoral degree.
204:Friedrich Wilhelm-University
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590:Nachrichten aus der Chemie.
436:Alfred Stock Memorial Prize
336:He was also influential in
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499:Inventions and discoveries
194:Stock was born in Danzig (
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504:the tension thermometer
226:. In 1916 he succeeded
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119:University of Karlsruhe
849:Scientists from Gdańsk
770:. 2007. Archived from
610:Stock, Alfred (1933).
592:Band 53, Nr. 6, 2005,
478:Band 37, Nr. 6, 1924,
434:) created in 1950 the
426:Posthumous recognition
338:coordination chemistry
276:with general formula B
176:coordination chemistry
533:A. Piloty, A. Stock:
355:and other aspects of
224:University of Breslau
454:Ultrastrukturchemie.
418:, a small town near
410:Retirement and death
792:Band 33, 205, 1909.
672:1948Natur.162..746I
537:Band 30, 1649, 1897
309:, Stock discovered
230:as director at the
228:Richard Willstätter
854:Nazi Party members
749:2012-10-21 at the
627:George B. Kauffman
560:Chemische Berichte
514:Stock nomenclature
274:chemical compounds
666:(4123): 746–747.
584:Alfred Neubauer:
476:Angewandte Chemie
404:micromercurialism
388:mercury poisoning
303:organic synthesis
184:mercury poisoning
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137:Doctoral students
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566:(6): XIX–LXXVI.
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364:binary compounds
244:Second World War
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126:Doctoral advisor
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774:on 2008-03-05.
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329:and beryllium
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307:Henri Moissan
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442:Publications
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216:Emil Fischer
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153:Alfred Stock
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131:Emil Fischer
115:Institutions
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71:(1946-08-12)
51:16 July 1876
23:Alfred Stock
829:1946 deaths
824:1876 births
806:(in German)
494:, S. 65–67.
88:Nationality
818:Categories
790:Chem.-Ztg.
637:(1): 1–7.
631:Polyhedron
521:References
353:bite angle
47:1876-07-16
688:0028-0836
598:1868-0054
484:1521-3757
357:chelation
331:fluorides
323:beryllium
157:inorganic
109:Chemistry
747:Archived
472:Das Atom
392:dentists
344:" (from
299:reagents
295:diborane
290:hydrides
271:hydrogen
264:hydrides
212:antimony
164:hydrides
696:6943144
668:Bibcode
396:amalgam
384:mercury
286:Breslau
248:Silesia
208:arsenic
180:mercury
172:silicon
160:chemist
694:
686:
659:Nature
596:
482:
420:Dessau
346:ligare
342:ligand
327:sodium
200:Berlin
196:Gdańsk
182:, and
105:Fields
92:German
55:Danzig
692:S2CID
349:Latin
268:boron
266:—the
168:boron
788:In:
684:ISSN
594:ISSN
588:In:
480:ISSN
474:In:
416:Aken
386:and
301:for
284:—at
252:Aken
210:and
190:Life
170:and
66:Died
41:Born
734:doi
676:doi
664:162
639:doi
568:doi
488:doi
166:of
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