249:
KAR 4 and duplicates), mankind is created from the blood of a plurality of deities referred to with the logogram NAGAR, variously interpreted as either Alla or Lamga in modern literature. According to
Wilfred G. Lambert based on context the later option is implausible as the reading relies on the
204:
Alla is attested chiefly in sources from the Ur III and Old
Babylonian periods. The settlement Esagi is identified as his cult center in texts pertaining to dying deities, but its location is unknown. There is evidence that he was worshiped in Gišbanda, the cult center of Ningishzida, and it is
163:
In art, Alla was depicted as a bald beardless man, and known representations do not wear the horned crown associated with divinity in
Mesopotamian art. Frans Wiggermann argues that he was additionally portrayed holding a staff, well attested as a badge of office of the sukkal.
196:, mistress. This view has been accepted by Tonia Sharlach and Alfonso Archi in subsequent studies of this goddess . Sharlach entirely rules out a connection between Alla and Allatum/Allani based on their different roles and origin.
144:(divine attendant) of the latter. He is also well attested as one of the dying gods mentioned in lamentations, and on this basis it has been argued he was viewed as comparable to better known
604:
132:
The character of Alla is poorly understood, but it is agreed that he was associated with the underworld. He belonged to the circle of deities connected with
205:
possible a statue of him was located in the temple of that god in Lagash as well. He was also venerated in Ur, where he appears in offering lists alongside
827:
732:
614:
88:, but his character is not well known otherwise. He had his own cult center, Esagi, but its location is presently unknown.
184:
has been proposed for her name, and the most likely possibility is that it was simply a variant spelling of Allani, the
792:
761:
687:
641:
585:
887:
69:
273:
In late sources, Alla is also attested in lists of so-called "seven conquered Enlils" alongside figures such as
882:
892:
112:(NAGAR). A variant form, Alla-gula, "Alla the great," is also attested. Additionally, the god list
180:
feminine counterpart of Alla. However, in 1989 Gernot
Wilhelm noted that no plausible Akkadian
153:
8:
149:
823:
798:
788:
767:
757:
738:
728:
693:
683:
647:
637:
620:
610:
591:
581:
177:
119:
812:
An Ox of One's Own: Royal Wives and
Religion at the Court of the Third Dynasty of Ur
815:
564:
189:
65:
855:
706:
660:
255:
185:
288:
is used as a generic label. The deities designated by it were associated with
876:
771:
742:
251:
802:
651:
624:
595:
568:
225:. Additionally, the worship of "Alla-gula" is well attested in sources from
753:
God lists from Old
Babylonian Nippur in the University Museum, Philadelphia
697:
230:
126:
819:
246:
214:
137:
77:
32:
289:
260:
156:
text seemingly outright equates them with each other. Comparisons with
114:
242:
222:
210:
181:
97:
780:
751:
556:
266:
109:
838:
258:. Manfred Krebernik notes that the account resembles the scene in
282:
173:
122:
226:
218:
206:
145:
141:
133:
81:
73:
28:
839:"The Staff of Ninšubura: Studies in Babylonian Demonology II"
557:"The Anatolian Fate-Goddesses and their Different Traditions"
285:
278:
274:
229:
from the Ur III period pertaining to the activities of queen
446:
444:
157:
85:
533:
531:
441:
431:
429:
399:
397:
384:
382:
380:
378:
376:
781:"Foreign Influences on the Religion of the Ur III Court"
363:
361:
359:
346:
344:
319:
317:
814:. Studies in Ancient Near Eastern Records. De Gruyter.
504:
416:
414:
412:
302:
528:
516:
426:
394:
373:
678:
Lambert, Wilfred G. (1980). "The
Theology of Death".
456:
356:
341:
329:
314:
172:
Wilfred G. Lambert proposed in 1980 that the goddess
634:
480:
409:
492:
468:
129:." The net is well attested as a divine weapon.
874:
118:indicates that he could be referred to with the
578:The cultic calendars of the ancient Near East
80:, and most likely was a dying god similar to
785:General studies and excavations at Nuzi 10/3
609:. Warminster, England: Aris & Phillips.
853:
836:
450:
403:
188:of the dead, whose name is related to the
160:have also been made in modern literature.
658:
388:
254:, which refers to a name of the moon god
809:
778:
749:
510:
435:
335:
323:
722:
704:
677:
602:
537:
522:
462:
420:
367:
350:
308:
875:
727:. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns.
575:
554:
486:
474:
91:
631:
498:
167:
13:
14:
904:
854:Wiggermann, Frans A. M. (1998),
837:Wiggermann, Frans A. M. (1987).
682:. Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag.
547:
236:
1:
561:Diversity and Standardization
295:
860:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
723:Lambert, Wilfred G. (2013).
711:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
705:Lambert, Wilfred G. (1987),
665:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
580:. Bethesda, Md.: CDL Press.
250:explanation NAGAR = 30 in a
7:
787:. Bethesda, Md: CDL Press.
750:Peterson, Jeremiah (2009).
659:Krebernik, Manfred (1998),
636:. Bethesda, MD: CDL Press.
96:Alla's name was written in
10:
909:
756:. MĂĽnster: Ugarit Verlag.
199:
125:Lugal-sapar, "lord of the
725:Babylonian creation myths
47:
39:
26:
21:
810:Sharlach, Tonia (2017).
779:Sharlach, Tonia (2002).
603:Wilhelm, Gernot (1989).
140:, and functioned as the
888:Mesopotamian underworld
576:Cohen, Mark E. (1993).
569:10.1524/9783050057576.1
555:Archi, Alfonso (2013).
281:. In this context, the
72:. He functioned as the
820:10.1515/9781501505263
100:either syllabically (
76:(attendant deity) of
680:Death in Mesopotamia
68:associated with the
632:Katz, Dina (2003).
264:where the blood of
150:Wilfred G. Lambert
92:Name and character
883:Mesopotamian gods
829:978-1-5015-0526-3
734:978-1-57506-861-9
616:978-0-85668-442-5
311:, pp. 63–64.
270:is used instead.
55:
54:
40:Major cult center
900:
868:
867:
866:
850:
833:
806:
775:
746:
719:
718:
717:
701:
674:
673:
672:
655:
628:
599:
572:
541:
535:
526:
520:
514:
508:
502:
496:
490:
484:
478:
472:
466:
460:
454:
448:
439:
433:
424:
418:
407:
401:
392:
386:
371:
365:
354:
348:
339:
333:
327:
321:
312:
306:
168:Alla and Allatum
66:Mesopotamian god
19:
18:
16:Mesopotamian god
908:
907:
903:
902:
901:
899:
898:
897:
893:Underworld gods
873:
872:
871:
864:
862:
830:
795:
764:
735:
715:
713:
690:
670:
668:
644:
617:
588:
550:
545:
544:
536:
529:
521:
517:
509:
505:
497:
493:
485:
481:
473:
469:
461:
457:
451:Wiggermann 1998
449:
442:
434:
427:
419:
410:
404:Wiggermann 1987
402:
395:
387:
374:
366:
357:
349:
342:
334:
330:
322:
315:
307:
303:
298:
239:
202:
186:Hurrian goddess
170:
148:. According to
110:logographically
94:
35:
17:
12:
11:
5:
906:
896:
895:
890:
885:
870:
869:
851:
843:Ex Oriente Lux
834:
828:
807:
793:
776:
762:
747:
733:
720:
702:
688:
675:
656:
642:
629:
615:
600:
586:
573:
563:. De Gruyter.
551:
549:
546:
543:
542:
540:, p. 216.
527:
525:, p. 212.
515:
513:, p. 249.
503:
501:, p. 398.
491:
489:, p. 468.
479:
467:
455:
453:, p. 369.
440:
438:, p. 264.
425:
408:
393:
389:Krebernik 1998
372:
370:, p. 223.
355:
353:, p. 151.
340:
328:
313:
300:
299:
297:
294:
238:
235:
201:
198:
169:
166:
154:Old Babylonian
93:
90:
53:
52:
49:
45:
44:
41:
37:
36:
27:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
905:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
880:
878:
861:
857:
856:"Nin-ĝišzida"
852:
848:
844:
840:
835:
831:
825:
821:
817:
813:
808:
804:
800:
796:
794:1-883053-68-4
790:
786:
782:
777:
773:
769:
765:
763:3-86835-019-5
759:
755:
754:
748:
744:
740:
736:
730:
726:
721:
712:
708:
707:"Lugal-sapar"
703:
699:
695:
691:
689:87-500-1946-5
685:
681:
676:
666:
662:
657:
653:
649:
645:
643:1-883053-77-3
639:
635:
630:
626:
622:
618:
612:
608:
607:
601:
597:
593:
589:
587:1-883053-00-5
583:
579:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
553:
552:
539:
534:
532:
524:
519:
512:
511:Sharlach 2017
507:
500:
495:
488:
483:
477:, p. 17.
476:
471:
465:, p. 55.
464:
459:
452:
447:
445:
437:
436:Sharlach 2017
432:
430:
423:, p. 64.
422:
417:
415:
413:
405:
400:
398:
391:, p. 74.
390:
385:
383:
381:
379:
377:
369:
364:
362:
360:
352:
347:
345:
338:, p. 96.
337:
336:Peterson 2009
332:
326:, p. 99.
325:
324:Sharlach 2002
320:
318:
310:
305:
301:
293:
291:
287:
284:
280:
276:
271:
269:
268:
263:
262:
257:
253:
248:
244:
234:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
197:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
165:
161:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
130:
128:
124:
121:
117:
116:
111:
107:
103:
99:
89:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
25:
20:
863:, retrieved
859:
846:
842:
811:
784:
752:
724:
714:, retrieved
710:
679:
669:, retrieved
664:
633:
606:The Hurrians
605:
577:
560:
548:Bibliography
538:Lambert 2013
523:Lambert 2013
518:
506:
494:
482:
470:
463:Wilhelm 1989
458:
421:Lambert 1980
406:, p. 8.
368:Lambert 2013
351:Lambert 1987
331:
309:Lambert 1980
304:
272:
265:
259:
252:lexical list
240:
237:Late sources
231:Shulgi-simti
203:
193:
171:
162:
131:
113:
105:
101:
95:
61:
57:
56:
667:(in German)
215:Ningishzida
152:, a single
138:Ningishzida
78:Ningishzida
33:Ningishzida
877:Categories
865:2022-08-15
716:2022-08-15
671:2022-08-15
487:Cohen 1993
475:Archi 2013
296:References
290:Enmesharra
267:W-e(-i-la)
70:underworld
772:460044951
743:861537250
499:Katz 2003
261:Atrahasis
243:bilingual
223:Ninpumuna
211:Ningirida
182:etymology
115:An = Anum
98:cuneiform
62:Alla-gula
849:. Brill.
803:48399212
652:51770219
625:21036268
596:27431674
178:Akkadian
176:was the
120:Sumerian
698:7124686
661:"NAÄśAR"
283:theonym
200:Worship
190:Hurrian
174:Allatum
123:epithet
48:Symbols
826:
801:
791:
770:
760:
741:
731:
696:
686:
650:
640:
623:
613:
594:
584:
247:tablet
245:myth (
227:Nippur
219:Azimua
207:Ninazu
146:Dumuzi
142:sukkal
134:Ninazu
82:Dumuzi
74:sukkal
64:was a
29:Sukkal
286:Enlil
279:Alalu
275:Mummu
241:In a
194:allai
192:word
108:) or
106:Al-lá
102:Al-la
51:staff
43:Esagi
824:ISBN
799:OCLC
789:ISBN
768:OCLC
758:ISBN
739:OCLC
729:ISBN
694:OCLC
684:ISBN
648:OCLC
638:ISBN
621:OCLC
611:ISBN
592:OCLC
582:ISBN
277:and
221:and
158:Damu
136:and
86:Damu
84:and
58:Alla
22:Alla
816:doi
565:doi
292:.
256:Sin
127:net
104:or
60:or
31:of
879::
858:,
847:29
845:.
841:.
822:.
797:.
783:.
766:.
737:.
709:,
692:.
663:,
646:.
619:.
590:.
559:.
530:^
443:^
428:^
411:^
396:^
375:^
358:^
343:^
316:^
233:.
217:,
213:,
209:,
832:.
818::
805:.
774:.
745:.
700:.
654:.
627:.
598:.
571:.
567::
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