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al-Allama al-Hilli

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1747: 1472:)', begins 'with a linguistic inquiry into which utterances constitute a command; viz. a discussion of the differences of opinion regarding the quiddity of speech and the imperative form of the verb. ʿAllāmah then offers intensely detailed mapping and typology of the different kinds of obligation which utterances can produce and brings to the fore the specificities of different commands and their various modalities.' 1012: 1457:), and includes discussions of "the ethical evaluation and analyses of an action, the correspondent rulings that will therefore be applied to it, the conditions according to which the ruling for an action can be qualified by its manner of performance, and other related matters, with a view to articulating how these in turn inform the status of an action's ruling." 1753:,The opening double page of manuscript has an illuminated floral headpiece in the style of the Safavid period in Iran (1501-1732), with colours predominantly in gold, blue and pink. The wide margins are illuminated with bold floral and arabesque decorations in gold and blue, and the text is within gold cloud bands. 1440:
concerns the philosophy of language, including discussions regarding "the nature of the relationship between meaning (or sense) and reference, that is, how the semantic properties of an utterance relate to its syntactic properties, the relationship between meaning and use, the question of wheth- er
1205:
as a pupil of the eminent scholars of his time, he began a prolific career as an authoritative writer in his own right. Some 500 works are attributed to him, although only a few have been published. He moved to Persia in 705/1305, where he became most influential in spreading Twelver Shi'ism within
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commentary. Of these, about sixty are still extant. Yet, only eight of these are published. They are “regarded by the Imami Shi'ia as the most authentic expositions of their dogma and practice”. The popularity and influence of his writings on later scholars are demonstrated by the large number of
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depend on how the revealed word of the Qurʾān, as well as the recorded Prophetic and Imāmic utterances, are to be practically interpreted and understood for the purposes of jurisprudential theory—an inquiry which is as much to do with language, as it is with theology".
1310:, which was composed of ten chapters), which he composed towards the end of his life as a concise summary of Shia doctrines for the learned lay person (rather than aspiring scholars). Judging by the number of commentaries written on it, and its translation into 1534:
For Naqavi, al-Ḥillī's 'contribution to the development of Imāmī legal theory and the distinctive stance he takes upon certain jurisprudential matters can be summarised in the following manner', namely that 'ʿAllāmah upholds: the principle of indifferency
1441:
or not connotation outstrips denotation, as well as an extended inquiry into, and theorisation upon, the proposed origins of language." Language is key to al-Ḥillī's jurisprudential thinking because, as Naqavi says, "all subsequent discussions in the
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Al-Ḥilli's name is as follows: His kunya was Abu Manṣūr and his first title was ʿAllāma “sage,” his second, Jamāl al-Dīn, and third, Jamāl al-Milla wa l-Ḥaqq wa l-Dīn. His given name was al-Ḥasan and his father's given name was Yūsuf.
1436:), as well as a vista from which to fully survey the state of jurisprudential theory in both the era of the author and in that leading up to it." In his introduction, Naqavi states that the first chapter of the 1249:
manuscripts and great number of commentaries written on them. He himself is the best source of information on his own works as he has recorded all of his writings up to the year 1294 in his biographical work
1736:(only One can proceed from the One), as his teacher Nasir Tusi, inspired by al-Suhrawardi, had done before him, and he concedes the existence of an intra-substantial motion which heralds the theory of 1220:, whom it is believed he converted from Sunni Islam to Twelverism. As a result of his conversion, Öljaitü proclaimed Twelver Islamd as the state religion of Iran. Coins were minted in the names of 1198:
Hilli was a prolific writer whose bibliography comprises about one hundred and twenty titles. Some of his works have been published, while the manuscripts of others have still to be found.
1661:-commentaries which have been read and re-read, studied and commentated by generations of scholars. He left a summary of the vast commentary by his teacher Maytham al-Bahrani on the 5310: 2302:
The Foundations of Jurisprudence - An Introduction to Imāmī Shīʿī Legal Theory. Introduction, Translation and Arabic Critical Edition by Sayyid Amjad H. Shah Naqavi
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The Foundations of Jurisprudence - An Introduction to Imāmī Shīʿī Legal Theory. Introduction, Translation and Arabic Critical Edition by Sayyid Amjad H. Shah Naqavi
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The Foundations of Jurisprudence - An Introduction to Imāmī Shīʿī Legal Theory. Introduction, Translation and Arabic Critical Edition by Sayyid Amjad H. Shah Naqavi
2222:
The Foundations of Jurisprudence - An Introduction to Imāmī Shīʿī Legal Theory. Introduction, Translation and Arabic Critical Edition by Sayyid Amjad H. Shah Naqavi
2197:
The Foundations of Jurisprudence - An Introduction to Imāmī Shīʿī Legal Theory. Introduction, Translation and Arabic Critical Edition by Sayyid Amjad H. Shah Naqavi
1228:, were engaged in extensive theological and jurisprudential debates with the local Sunni scholars. Having impressed the Ilkhan, he was appointed to the traveling 7224: 1225: 1240:
According to some sources, Al-Hilli wrote more than a thousand works (including short treatises and epistles) on Islamic law, jurisprudence, theology and
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Mutahhari, Martyr Murtada. "The Role of Ijtihad in Legislation." Al-Tawhid: A Quarterly Journal of Islamic Thought & Culture 4.2 (0): n. pag.
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which was popular amongst later scholars, judging by the number of commentaries that would be written on it. Among his later legal works is
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He studied theology and Islamic jurisprudence in Hilla under the auspices of his father and his uncle and other notable scholars, including
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during his lifetime. He entered into a prominent family of Shia jurists and theologians. His father, Sadid al-Din al-Hilli, was a respected
256: 2405: 1653:, Abu Ishaq Ibrahim al Nawbakhti, who died about 350/961. Similarly, he wrote commentaries on the two treatises by Nasir mentioned above, 7279: 1381:
is very important. He produced a voluminous legal corpus as well as several works and commentaries. Two of the most important works are
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is a veritable summa of jurisprudence that offers a concise, and highly condensed, overview of the entire subject of jurisprudence (
6214: 5961: 2543: 1595:) first employed by his uncle al-Muḥaqqiq al-Ḥillī: as an utmost scientific endeavour undertaken in order to infer a legal ruling ( 1424:
by Sayyid Amjad H. Shah Naqavi and published by the Shīʿa Institute Press's Classical Shīʿah Library imprint in collaboration with
6005: 4066: 2468: 2463: 2305:. Leiden and Boston: Brill in partnership with The Classical Shīʿah Library, an imprint of The Shīʿah Institute. pp. 94–5. 5437: 2199:. Leiden and Boston: Brill in partnership with The Classical Shīʿah Library, an imprint of The Shīʿah Institute. pp. xv. 5177: 4586: 4076: 4058: 2538: 2515: 2310: 2283: 2278:. Leiden and Boston: Brill in partnership with The Classical Shīʿah Library, an imprint of The Shīʿah Institute. p. 35. 2256: 2251:. Leiden and Boston: Brill in partnership with The Classical Shīʿah Library, an imprint of The Shīʿah Institute. p. 30. 2229: 2224:. Leiden and Boston: Brill in partnership with The Classical Shīʿah Library, an imprint of The Shīʿah Institute. p. 18. 2204: 1938: 6548: 5187: 2621: 3801: 2871: 7546: 4531: 2042: 1378: 481: 5848: 2845: 2779: 1191:. He also sat with Sunni scholars to study Sunni jurispridence. Like Bahrani and Tusi, Hilli was contemporary with the 1040: 476: 1393:
is a legal manual devoted to addressing legal questions in which the Twelver jurists hold differing opinions, whereas
7551: 3262: 2373: 2095: 2023: 1277:, demonstrates. He was also deeply influenced by Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, and wrote a commentary on the latter's famous 6908: 2372:
Hilli, al-. (2006). Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved March 21, 2006, from Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service
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Schmidkte, S. ḤELLI, ḤASAN B. YUSOF B. MOṬAHHAR. Encyclopaedia Iranica (www.iranicaonline.org, accessed: 28.09.09)
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Schmidkte, S. ḤELLI, ḤASAN B. YUSOF B. MOṬAHHAR. Encyclopædia Iranica (www.iranicaonline.org, accessed: 28.09.09)
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al-Ḥillī, al-ʿAllāmah (2016). "The Foundations of Jurisprudence - An Introduction to Imāmī Shīʿī Legal Theory".
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is a systematic and detailed exposition of al-Hilli's legal opinions. He also wrote a summarized legal manual,
2952: 2161: 1232:. Al-Hilli, however, eventually returned to his hometown and spent the last years of his life teaching there. 5331: 5214: 4471: 4291: 3178: 3168: 3123: 2759: 1165: 3521: 958: 7477: 6517: 5998: 5670: 5516: 5466: 4907: 4351: 3255: 1822: 736: 181: 17: 1405:, a legal manual intended for use by lay persons. He also composed legal works on specific issues such as 7526: 7521: 7145: 6035: 5899: 5247: 4561: 4071: 4048: 4043: 3953: 2731: 2523: 2505: 2458: 2437: 2391: 1649:
tradition, he left a commentary on one of the first treatises to be written by one of the oldest Imamite
1342: 1295:(i’tiqad) in the sense of “putting in of the utmost effort in acquiring the knowledge of the laws of the 1281:. This commentary is one of al-Hilli's most widely read works, being the first commentary written on the 892: 426: 4609: 2325: 2143: 1104:
enumerated no less than 67 works by him. He is considered the first scholar to successfully disseminate
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and sets out to rebut them whenever they appear to disagree with mainstream theology. According to the
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and thus forming the basis of later commentators understanding of Tusi's work. Also due to his work in
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Tehrani, Aga Buzurg. (date unknown). Tabaqat 'Alam il-Shi'ah. Tehran: Ismailian Publishers. (Arabic
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treatises during his time at the court of the Ilkhan. These were largely directed against Sunni,
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theology. In them, he was largely concerned with espousing and defending the Shia view of the
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became one of the centres of veneration for those who go on pilgrimage to the tomb of
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and Ahmad ibn Tawus al-Hilli. He also spent some time at the newly established
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The Foundations of Jurisprudence - An Introduction to Imāmī Shīʿī Legal Theory
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Abū ʿAbdillāh Muḥāmmad ibn Karrām ibn Arrāk ibn Huzāba ibn al-Barā’ as-Sijjī
6381: 6306: 6116: 6077: 6064: 6039: 5945: 5734: 5706: 5583: 5537: 5455: 5154: 5055: 5040: 5030: 4865: 4827: 4804: 4766: 4677: 4407: 4401: 4391: 4379: 3837: 3557: 3506: 3393: 3368: 3357: 3018: 2942: 2916: 2850: 2073: 2046: 1620: 1612: 1422:
The Foundations of Jurisprudence: An Introduction to Imāmī Shīʿī Legal Theory
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philosophy. He wrote several works of his own, dealing with subjects such as
1176:. Later, he travelled to Baghdad and became acquainted with the doctrines of 863: 828: 731: 361: 346: 336: 7291: 2162:
Ismaili and other Arabic manuscripts: a descriptive catalogue of manuscripts
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Abū’l-Huzayl Muḥāmmad ibn al-Huzayl ibn Abdillāh al-Allāf al-Abdī al-Bāsrī
7014: 6992: 6983: 6883: 6360: 6176: 6111: 5804: 5701: 5692: 5598: 5352: 5020: 4939: 4870: 4734: 4231: 4171: 4146: 4127: 3892: 3882: 3636: 3547: 3476: 3441: 3208: 3153: 2977: 2906: 2662: 2647: 2485: 1539:) regarding the state of all things prior to the revelation of divine law ( 1217: 833: 766: 746: 322: 166: 162: 7024: 6522: 6142: 2840: 2049:– Part 9." ISLAMIC LAWS - Fiqh & Ulemas. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Apr. 2010. 7339: 7061: 7029: 6979: 6845: 6543: 6508: 6490: 6282: 6019: 5949: 5629: 5528: 5097: 5070: 5060: 4997: 4902: 4892: 4887: 4719: 4702: 4526: 4441: 4281: 4156: 3897: 3735: 3666: 3651: 3626: 3592: 3516: 3481: 3461: 3456: 3388: 3318: 3069: 2993: 2799: 1737: 1623:, 'Allamah established a systematic version of the science of tradition ( 1350: 1334: 1134: 878: 741: 376: 366: 3247: 1928: 1353:
and mathematics. In general he is very critical of the opinions held by
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Abū’l-Hūsayn Abdūrrāhīm ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Uthmān al-Hayyāt (Hayyātīyya)
4631:
Abū Abdirrahmān Bishr ibn Ghiyāth ibn Abī Karīma al-Marīsī al-Baghdādī
7243: 7231: 7209: 7140: 7053:
Abū Abdi’l-Lāh Ahmad ibn Abī Du'ad Faraj ibn Carīr ibn Mâlik al-Iyādī
7044: 6950: 6895: 6820: 6474: 6469: 6395: 6339: 6085: 5940: 5933: 5809: 5720: 5634: 5614: 5459: 5400: 4912: 4880: 4835:
Abū ʿAbdillāh al-Husayn ibn Muḥāmmad ibn ʿAbdillāh an-Najjār ar-Rāzī
4723: 4601: 4516: 4511: 4321: 4286: 4181: 4176: 3857: 3765: 3755: 3725: 3059: 2947: 2881: 2825: 2774: 2642: 2584: 2574: 2383: 2300: 2273: 2246: 2182: 1746: 1330: 1245: 1207: 1177: 1097: 953: 813: 798: 726: 695: 648: 638: 212: 7234: 1732:) on philosophy and the kalam, etc. He casts doubt on the principle 1720:) in philosophical sciences, the autographed version of which is at 7428: 7395: 7250: 7135: 7127: 6921: 6326: 6257: 6180: 6163: 5994: 5981: 5814: 5760: 5542: 4990: 4781: 4614: 4206: 3922: 3821: 3806: 3791: 3786: 3705: 3313: 2896: 2835: 2830: 2754: 2652: 2082:. Vol. III (2nd ed.). Leiden: Brill. pp. 390a–390b. 1668: 967: 751: 715: 593: 466: 1096:, as well as the first scholar to be referred to with the title “ 7433: 7413: 7374: 7219: 7066:
Abū Hāshīm Abdu’s-Salām ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb al-Jubbā'ī
7010: 6967: 6814: 6804: 6529: 6478: 6432: 6270: 6167: 6068: 6047: 5926: 5921: 5796: 5747: 5675: 5624: 5345: 5224: 4897: 4711: 4643: 4033: 3471: 2677: 2657: 2528: 2447: 2069:"al-Ḥillī, (1) Ḏj̲amāl al-Dīn Ḥasan b. Yūsuf b. ʿAlī b. Muṭahhar" 1855:
a work describing points of legal disagreement among the jurists.
1709: 1362: 1318: 1291: 1214: 1138: 1054:
Jamāl ad-Dīn al-Ḥasan bin Yūsuf bin ʿAli ibn al-Muṭahhar al-Ḥillī
972: 944: 838: 823: 761: 721: 690: 683: 678: 643: 633: 628: 563: 558: 486: 218: 7438: 7418: 7299: 7263: 6452: 6355: 6292: 6171: 6014: 5968: 5448: 4757:
Abū Mūsā Isā ibn Subeyh (Sabīh) al-Murdār al-Bāsrī (Murdārīyya)
4715: 4662: 4086: 3997: 3338: 2707: 2548: 2172:
Tehrani, Aga Buzurg, Tabaqat 'Alam il-Shi'ah, v.5 p.53 (Arabic)
2110:
Tehrani, Aga Buzurg, Tabaqat 'Alam il-Shi'ah, v.5 p.52 (Arabic)
1865:
Sadīd al-Dīn, Yūsuf bin ʿAli bin al-Muṭahhar al-Ḥillī (father).
1625: 1296: 1241: 1145:
and a leading figure in the Shia community. His maternal uncle
1126: 1064:; December 1250 – December 1325), known by the honorific title 618: 491: 411: 158: 154: 79: 67: 4622:
Abū Muḥrīz Jahm ibn Ṣafwān ar-Rāsibī as-Samarqāndī at-Tirmidhī
1909:
Taqī al-Dīn, Abdullāh bin Jaʾfar al-Ṣabbāgh al-Ḥanafī al-Kūfī.
1826:, a refutation of the theology and legal system of the Sunnis. 1011: 7423: 6464: 6089: 5890: 5878: 4680: 4655: 4626: 4015: 2712: 2702: 2697: 2667: 1808:, a treatise on the fundamental principles of the Shia creed. 1721: 1645: 1559:); that with respect to social interactions the prohibition ( 1410: 1266: 808: 623: 613: 543: 538: 533: 518: 496: 456: 150: 90: 2010:. Vol. II (1st ed.). Leiden: Brill. p. 277b. 1591:) ought to be understood according to the new nomenclature ( 1579:) with the solitary narration on the basis of intellection ( 7117:
Abū’l-Kāsīm Abdullāh ibn Ahmad ibn Māhmūd al-Balhī al-Kā‘bī
4666: 4661:
Abū Muḥāmmad (Abū’l-Hākem) Heshām ibn Sālem al-Jawālikī al-
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In 1305, Al-Hilli emigrated to Persia, to the court of the
1081: 528: 170: 100: 7077:
Abū Ma‘n Sūmāma ibn Ashras an-Nūmayrī al-Bāsrī al-Baghdādī
1635:), based on principles which were later to antagonise the 5025: 1767: 653: 4767:
Abū Alī Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb ibn Sallām al-Jubbā'ī
1981:
The theology of al-ʿAllāma al-Ḥillī : (d. 726/1325)
1125:
Al-Hilli also known as "the sage of Hilla", was born in
4819:
Abū Amr Ḍirār ibn Amr al-Gatafānī al-Kūfī (Ḍirārīyya)
4782:
Abū Uthmān Amr ibn Bhār ibn Māhbūb al-Jāhiz al-Kinānī
1891:
Mufīd al-Dīn, Muḥammad bin Juhaym al-Assadī al-Ḥillī.
1607:
One of his works on the concept of the Shia Imamate (
1571:) are assigned for the arrival at a general meaning ( 1306:(the title is an allusion to an earlier work of his, 7049:
Abū Sahl Bīshr ibn al-Mu‘tamīr al-Hilālī al-Baghdādī
4652:
Abu’l-Hassan Muqātil ibn Sulaymān ibn Bashīr al-Azdī
1997:"al-Ḥassan b. Yūsuf b. ʿAli b. al-Muṭahhar al-Ḥillī" 1879:
Jamāl al-Dīn, Aḥmad bin Mūsa bin Ṭawwūs al-Ḥussainī.
1195:, and played a role similar to that of his teacher. 34:
al-Ḥasan bin Yūsuf bin ʿAli ibn al-Muṭahhar al-Ḥillī
1993: 1875:
Raḍhī al-Dīn, ʿAli bin Mūsa bin Ṭawwūs al-Ḥussainī.
1420:was translated in a dual Arabic-English edition as 7093:Abū Bakr Muḥāmmad ibn Abdillāh ibn Shabīb al-Basrī 7041:Abū Amr (Abū Mu‘tamīr) Muāmmar ibn Abbād as-Sūlamī 4760:Hīshām ibn Amr al-Fuwātī ash-Shaybānī (Hīshāmīyya) 2326:Al-Suhrawardi and the Philosophy of Light, P.59-60 2067: 1995: 1314:and English, it represents his most popular work. 6586:Haisamīyya (Abū ʿAbdallāh Muhammad ibn al-Haisam) 7503: 5515: 4749:Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm ibn Sayyār ibn Hāni’ an-Nazzām 2730: 1978: 1838:, a work on Shia jurisprudence in three volumes. 1802:, a vindication of the Shia doctrine on Imamate. 1575:); that it is permissible to act in accordance ( 1543:); that some utterances are legally veritative ( 1302:Another of his most famous theological works is 27:Iraqi Islamic theologian and scholar (1250-1325) 6913:Abū Abdillāh Mugīre ibn Sāīd al-ʿIjlī el-Bajalī 4763:Abū Sahl Abbād ibn Sulaimān (Salmān) as-Sāymarī 2144:Al-Suhrawardi and the Philosophy of Light, P.59 1794:, a work on religious duties especially prayer. 1416:Al-Ḥillī's contribution to jurisprudence, the 1265:In theology, Al-Hilli was acquainted with the 5494:List of contemporary Muslim scholars of Islam 4844:Abū ʿAbdallāh Ibnū’z-Zā‘farānī (Zā‘farānīyya) 3938: 3263: 2399: 1814:, a commentary by the author on his own work 1337:). He was also acquainted with Avicennan and 1034: 1453:concerns al-Ḥillī's examination of rulings ( 6592:Ishāqīyya (Abū Yaʿqūb Ishāq ibn Mahmashādh) 2130: 2128: 2126: 2124: 2122: 2120: 2118: 2116: 1894:Jamāl al-Dīn, al-Ḥussain bin Abān al-Naḥwī. 1299:. From this point Shia accepted this term. 6613:Tarā'ifīyya (Ahmad ibn ʿAbdūs at-Tarā'ifī) 3965: 3945: 3931: 3270: 3256: 2406: 2392: 2065: 1897:Muḥammad bin Muḥammad bin Aḥmad al-Kayshī. 1763:Kashf al-Yaqin fi Faḍā'il Amīr al-Mu'minīn 1757:His most notable works are the following: 1460:As Naqavi notes, the third chapter in the 1428:in 2016. According to Naqavi, al-Ḥillī's " 1172:, and was also introduced to the works of 1041: 1027: 3843:Shahab al-Din Yahya ibn Habash Suhrawardi 3277: 1587:); and that the term juristic reasoning ( 1201:After mastering philosophy, theology and 1193:Mongol invasion of Persia and Mesopotamia 1088:authors of all time. He was an expert in 6215:Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah 4754:Abū Bakr Abdurrahmān ibn Kaysān al-Asāmm 2298: 2271: 2244: 2219: 2194: 2113: 1926: 1853:Muḵḫtalaf al-Shīʾa fī Aḥkām al-Sharīʾa,” 1766:, a short treatise on the excellence of 1745: 1689:); attempted to solve the difficulties ( 1479:contains further chapters on: Commands ( 1084:scholar and one of the most influential 6438:Nafi ibn al-Azraq al-Hānafī al-Handhalī 3614: 2342: 2340: 2061: 2059: 2057: 2055: 1377:Al-Hilli's role in shaping the Twelver 14: 7504: 5795: 5438:Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity 2413: 2104: 1611:) was criticized by the Sunni scholar 1273:, as his earliest writing on theology 1235: 7537:14th-century Muslim scholars of Islam 7532:13th-century Muslim scholars of Islam 5514: 4587:Kanthapuram A. P. Aboobacker Musliyar 3964: 3926: 3251: 2729: 2387: 2220:al-Ḥillī, al-ʿAllāmah. (2016-11-07). 2195:al-Ḥillī, al-ʿAllāmah. (2016-11-07). 1900:Najm al-Dīn, ʿAli bin Omar al-Kātibī. 1712:; two other encyclopaedic treatises, 3952: 3716:Ikhwan al-Safa' (Brethren of Purity) 2337: 2299:al-Ḥillī, al-ʿAllāmah (2016-11-07). 2272:al-Ḥillī, al-ʿAllāmah (2016-11-07). 2245:al-Ḥillī, al-ʿAllāmah (2016-11-07). 2052: 1792:Minhāj al-Salat fi kktisar al-Misbah 211:First scholar to be referred to as “ 6226:ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Hārb ibn al-Kindi 2358:Persian Literature, by C. A. Storey 2040:Lessons from the Lives of our Ulema 1983:. Klaus Schwarz Verlag. p. 11. 1563:) does not demand the unsoundness ( 1379:principles of Islamic jurisprudence 1111: 1073: 1061: 24: 2183:http://www.al-islam.org/al-tawhid/ 1842:Tahḏhīb al-wuṣūl ilā ʿilm al-uṣūl. 25: 7568: 6598:Muhājirīyya (Ibrāhīm ibn Muhājir) 1418:Mabādiʾ al-wuṣūl ilā ʿilm al-uṣūl 6616:Tūnīyya (Abū Bakr ibn ʿAbdallāh) 4838:Abū Amr (Abū Yahyā) Hāfs al-Fard 4710:Abū Marwān Gaylān ibn Mūslīm ad- 4388:Abū Ḥanīfah al-Nu'mān ibn Thābit 2088:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_2867 1994:Hidayet Hosain, M. (1913–1936). 1906:ʿIzz al-Dīn al-Fārūqī al-Wāsiṭī. 1832:, a work on scholastic theology. 1372: 1185:Najm al-Dīn al-Qazwīnī al-Kātibī 1010: 257:Najm al-Dīn al-Qazwīnī al-Kātibī 7163:United Submitters International 6447:Abu Bayhas al-Hāytham ibn Jābir 5825:Alid dynasties of northern Iran 5178:Al-Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi 3324:Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite 2351: 2347:Manuscripts in Microformat: I-M 2319: 2292: 2265: 2238: 2213: 2188: 2175: 2166: 1920: 1806:Manāhij al-yaqīn fi uṣūl al-dīn 1704:); wrote a treatise comparing ( 1619:. Besides various treatises on 1617:Minhaaj As-Sunnah An-Nabawiyyah 1551:) neither signifies a one-off ( 1129:, Iraq, commonly viewed as the 7457:Sunni schools of jurisprudence 6475:Abū Yazīd Mukhallad ibn Kayrād 5188:Abu'l-Fawaris Ahmad ibn Ya'qub 5183:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Naysaburi 4841:Muḥāmmad ibn ʿĪsā (Burgūsīyya) 4462:Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari 3497:Petrus Peregrinus de Maricourt 2155: 2137: 2032: 2016:10.1163/2214-871X_ei1_SIM_2734 1987: 1972: 1958: 1830:Naẓm al Barāhīn fi Uṣūl al-Dīn 1726:Complete Course of Instruction 1275:Manhaj ul-Yaqin fi Usul il-Din 1183:Among his other teachers were 1062:جمال الدين الحسن بن يوسف الحلي 709:Other related sects and groups 13: 1: 6889:al-Mufaddal ibn Umar al-Ju'fi 5215:Ali ibn Muhammad ibn al-Walid 3179:Gholamhossein Ebrahimi Dinani 3169:Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas 2760:Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari 1951: 1859: 1464:, entitled 'On the Commands ( 1224:. Both al-Hilli and his son, 1149:was also a renowned scholar. 1137:leaders were in control over 6577:ʿĀbidīyya (ʿUthmān al-ʿĀbid) 6518:Abd Allah ibn Wahb al-Rasibi 6499:'Abdullāh ibn Ibāḍ al-Tamimi 5517:Islamic schools and branches 4352:Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad 4257:Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam 2846:Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi 2066:Jafri, S.H.M. (1954–2007) . 1823:Nahj Al Haq Va Kashf Al Sedq 1555:) nor a repeat performance ( 1451:Foundations of Jurisprudence 998:Criticism of Twelver Shi'ism 737:Bektashism and folk religion 182:Nahj al-Haq wa Kashf al-Sedq 7: 6509:Abu Qudama Yazid ibn Fandin 5205:Hassan Ala Dhikrihi's Salam 4562:Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi 4497:Najm al-Din 'Umar al-Nasafi 1527:), and Juristic Reasoning ( 1260: 10: 7573: 7547:Burials at Imam Ali Mosque 7260:Bandagi Mian Syed Khundmir 6705:Muhammad ibn Ziyād al-Kūfī 6458:Najdah ibn 'Amir al-Hānafī 6136:Nasir Khusraw al-Qubadiani 5620:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab 4876:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab 4507:Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi 4467:Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi 4292:Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi 3124:Muhammad Husayn Tabatabaei 3024:Qadi Mir Husayn al-Maybudi 2938:Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi 2366: 1329:and Mutazilite notions of 993:List of Twelver Shia books 7451: 7404: 7356: 7310: 7200: 7187: 7126: 7023: 6966: 6949: 6836: 6784: 6775: 6714: 6631: 6565: 6542: 6489: 6409: 6394: 6324: 6191: 6034: 5898: 5873: 5849:Extinct Zaydi Shi'a sects 5786: 5686: 5536: 5527: 5523: 5510: 5484: 5429: 5376: 5272: 5265: 5223: 5193:Tayyibi Ismā'īlī doctrine 5153: 5011: 4908:Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wadi'i 4856: 4826: 4733: 4701: 4642: 4600: 4421: 4375: 4362:Muhammad Arafa al-Desouki 4337:Abu Ali al-Hassan al-Yusi 4187:Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani 4126: 4117: 4085: 4057: 4024: 3996: 3989: 3985: 3960: 3910: 3830: 3802:Abu l-Barakat al-Baghdadi 3779: 3751:Abu Sulayman al-Sijistani 3711:Abu Bakr al-Razi (Rhazes) 3688: 3679: 3622:Isaac Israeli ben Solomon 3605: 3540: 3427: 3347: 3294: 3285: 3113: 3052: 2986: 2925: 2872:Abu'l-Barakāt al-Baghdādī 2864: 2813: 2747: 2743: 2725: 2635: 2560: 2425: 2421: 1979:Sabine Schmidtke (1991). 1888:Yaḥyā bin Saʾīd al-Ḥillī. 1708:) the Ash'arites and the 1673:Al-Isharat wa-‘l-tanbihat 1519:), Analogical Reasoning ( 889:Other hadith collections 869:Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih 239: 234: 207: 176: 146: 136: 126: 116: 106: 96: 86: 74: 62: 57: 39: 32: 7552:13th-century Arab people 6878:Umayr ibn Bayān al-ʿIjlī 5753:Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi 5367:The Moderation in Belief 5248:Al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya 4986:Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi 4557:Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri 4487:Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi 3868:Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi 3761:Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) 3696:Jabir ibn Hayyan (Geber) 2002:Martijn Theodoor Houtsma 1968:. Oxford Bibliographies. 1913: 1903:Burhān al-Dīn al-Nasafī. 1734:Ex Uno non fit nisi Unum 1615:in his nine volume work 1602: 1545:al-ḥaqīqah al-sharʿiyyah 1385:"The Disagreement," and 1333:(as opposed to Asharite 297:The Fourteen Infallibles 78:27 or 28 December 1325, 66:23 or 25 December 1250, 7557:Critics of Ibn Taymiyya 7335:Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani 6731:Hammād ibn Abū Sūlaimān 6649:Yūnus ibn Awn an-Namīrī 6421:Abd al-Karīm ibn Adjrād 5360:Divan-i Shams-i Tabrizi 5318:Al-Aqidah al-Tahawiyyah 5173:Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani 4577:Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi 4482:Akmal al-Din al-Babarti 4472:'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari 4312:Al-Maqqari al-Tilmisani 4267:Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi 4202:Abu Ishaq al-Isfara'ini 3731:Abu Ya'qub al-Sijistani 3726:Al-Farabi (Alpharabius) 3409:Dominicus Gundissalinus 3384:Richard of Saint Victor 2856:Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani 2805:Abu Ya'qub al-Sijistani 2765:Abu al-Abbas Iranshahri 1677:Remarks and Admonitions 1255:The Summary of Opinions 1120: 923:Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya 893:Book of Sulaym ibn Qays 7007:Galip Hassan Kuscuoglu 6589:Hīdīyya (Hīd ibn Saif) 6082:Baha al-Din al-Muqtana 5577:Khwaja Abdullah Ansari 5238:Ahmad ibn Isa ibn Zayd 5233:Abu'l-Jarud al-Hamdani 5168:Abu Yaqub al-Sijistani 5128:Agha Zia ol Din Araghi 5113:Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi 4793:Abu al-Husayn al-Basri 4788:Al-Qadi 'Abd al-Jabbar 4547:Shah Waliullah Dehlawi 4457:Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi 4452:Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi 4437:Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi 4307:Jalal al-Din al-Dawani 4272:Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati 4197:Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi 3914:Renaissance philosophy 3888:Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi 3873:Athir al-Din al-Abhari 3189:Mohammed Abed al-Jabri 3139:Mohammad Baqir al-Sadr 3100:Shah Waliullah Dehlawi 2968:Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi 2795:Abu Sulayman Sijistani 2617:Transcendent theosophy 2079:Encyclopaedia of Islam 2076:; et al. (eds.). 2007:Encyclopaedia of Islam 2004:; et al. (eds.). 1770:('Alī Ibn Abī Ṭālib'). 1754: 1599:) from the evidence.' 1583:) and the divine law ( 1531:) and its Dependents. 1499:) and the Elucidated ( 1449:The second chapter in 1359:Encyclopaedia of Islam 1154:Ali ibn Tawus al-Hilli 7276:Wallace Fard Muhammad 6233:Abdallah ibn Mu'awiya 5740:Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi 5489:Early Muslim scholars 5297:Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq 4567:Rahmatullah Kairanawi 4317:Abd al-Rahman al-Fasi 4227:Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi 3812:Ayn al-Quzat Hamadani 3807:Ibn Bajjah (Avempace) 3279:Medieval philosophers 2973:Sadr al-Din al-Qunawi 1966:"Al-Allamah al-Hilli" 1749: 1547:); that the command ( 1017:Shia Islam portal 452:Imamate of the Family 6927:‘Ulyanīyya/'Alyaīyya 6722:Al-Harith ibn Surayj 5912:Theology of Twelvers 5757:Rashid Ahmad Gangohi 5304:Al-Milal wa al-Nihal 5103:Nasir al-Din al-Tusi 4502:Siraj al-Din al-Ushi 4492:Nur al-Din al-Sabuni 4477:Al-Sharif al-Jurjani 4297:Ibn Hajar al-Haytami 4262:Taqi al-Din al-Subki 4252:Sayf al-Din al-Amidi 4247:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi 4222:Abu al-Walid al-Baji 3878:Nasir al-Din al-Tusi 3848:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi 3822:Ibn Rushd (Averroes) 3797:Al-Ghazali (Algazel) 3512:Godfrey of Fontaines 3414:Gilbert de la Porrée 3379:Hugh of Saint Victor 3364:Anselm of Canterbury 3334:John Scotus Eriugena 3204:Reza Davari Ardakani 3080:Abd al-Razzaq Lahiji 3014:Sadr ad-Din Dashtaki 2963:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi 2877:Afdal al-Din Kashani 2185:. Web. 10 Apr. 2010. 1883:Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī 1869:al-Muḥaqqiq al-Ḥillī 1776:, a treatise on the 1751:Tadhkirat al-Fuqahā' 1702:Book of Elucidations 1483:) and Prohibitions ( 1468:) and Prohibitions ( 1355:Islamic philosophers 1304:The Eleventh Chapter 1174:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi 1170:Nasir al-Din al-Tusi 1158:Maragheh observatory 1131:centre of Shia Islam 1086:Twelver Shi'i Muslim 1078:”The Sage of Hillah” 908:Reality of Certainty 584:Mourning of Muharram 462:Mourning of Muharram 261:Nasir al-Din al-Tusi 46:(The Sage of Hillah) 7156:Ghulam Ahmed Pervez 6903:Abū Mānsūr al-ʿIjlī 6875:ʿIjlīyya/Umayrīyya 6673:Abū Sawbān al-Murjī 6335:An-Nafs Az-Zakiyyah 5642:Other Salafi trends 5471:Musta'li Isma'ilism 5387:Eʿteqādātal-Emāmīya 4778:Ja'far ibn Mūbassīr 4542:Anwar Shah Kashmiri 4192:Zakariyya al-Ansari 3787:Ibn Sina (Avicenna) 3706:Al-Kindi (Alkindus) 3632:Solomon ibn Gabirol 3553:Marsilius of Inghen 3404:Bernard of Chartres 3164:Seyyed Hossein Nasr 3085:Mujaddid Alf-i-Sani 3075:Mohsen Fayz Kashani 3034:Sayyid Haydar Amuli 2544:Medieval psychology 2516:Natural philosophy 1836:Tadhkirat al-Fuqahā 1774:Kihalastah al-Nisab 1718:al-Asar al-khaffyah 1687:The Book of Healing 1491:) and Specificity ( 1403:Tadhkirat al-Fuqaha 1236:Intellectual output 1226:Fakhr al-Muhaqqiqin 1160:, where he studied 1066:al-Allāmah al-Ḥillī 589:Arba'een Pilgrimage 223:Shi'i jurisprudence 188:Tadhkirat al-Fuqahā 43:al-Allāmah al-Ḥillī 7527:Iraqi Shia Muslims 7522:People from Hillah 7455:Other scholars of 7346:Islamic modernists 7320:Modernist Salafism 6976:Qutb ad-Dīn Haydar 6935:Abdullah ibn Saba' 6870:Muʿāmmar ibn Ahmar 6755:Ibrāhim ibn Yousūf 6743:Mūsā ibn Abū Kasīr 6734:Muhārīb ibn Dithār 6665:Abū Muāz at-Tūmanī 5987:Astarabadi (Naimi) 5717:Abdullah al-Harari 5671:Muhammad bin Dawud 5604:Syed Nazeer Husain 5339:Tabsirat al-Adilla 5253:Al-Mansur al-Qasim 5088:Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid 4935:Syed Nazeer Husain 4858:Salafi Theologians 4610:Al-Ja'd ibn Dirham 4582:Muhammad Abu Zahra 4367:Ahmad Zayni Dahlan 4217:Abdul Qadir Gilani 3588:Lambertus de Monte 3568:Francesc Eiximenis 3437:Robert Grosseteste 3399:Alexander of Hales 3329:Isidore of Seville 3309:Augustine of Hippo 3174:Abdolkarim Soroush 3019:Aziz Mahmud Hudayi 2933:Hajji Bektash Wali 2469:medieval astronomy 2415:Islamic philosophy 2331:2010-03-26 at the 2149:2010-03-26 at the 1755: 1714:The Hidden Secrets 1210:'s court circles. 1108:widely in Persia. 852:Hadith collections 253:Maitham Al Bahrani 243:Influenced by 111:Islamic Golden Age 7499: 7498: 7495: 7494: 7491: 7490: 7447: 7446: 7256:Muhammad Jaunpuri 7183: 7182: 7109:Sumāma ibn Ashras 6945: 6944: 6796:Dāwūd al-Jawāribî 6771: 6770: 6641:Gaylān ibn Marwān 6538: 6537: 6390: 6389: 6053:Abdallah al-Aftah 5869: 5868: 5782: 5781: 5766:Necmettin Erbakan 5608:Siddiq Hasan Khan 5572:Al-Qadi Abu Ya'la 5506: 5505: 5502: 5501: 5480: 5479: 5420:Tajrid al-I'tiqad 5414:Tashih al-I'tiqad 5325:Al-Sawad al-A'zam 5261: 5260: 5243:Al-Qasim al-Rassi 5210:Idris Imad al-Din 5163:Al-Qadi al-Nu'man 5138:Ruhollah Khomeini 5118:Zurarah ibn A'yan 5093:Sharif al-Murtaza 5081:Muhammad al-Mahdi 5066:Muhammad al-Jawad 5046:Muhammad al-Baqir 4947:Siddiq Hasan Khan 4923:Rabee al-Madkhali 4572:Murtada al-Zabidi 4347:Ibrahim al-Bajuri 4113: 4112: 3920: 3919: 3906: 3905: 3675: 3674: 3601: 3600: 3532:William of Ockham 3245: 3244: 3241: 3240: 3237: 3236: 3090:Rajab Ali Tabrizi 3029:Mahmud Shabistari 3009:Jalaladdin Davani 2958:Nasir al-Din Tusi 2780:Abu Hatim al-Razi 2721: 2720: 2312:978-90-04-31177-0 2285:978-90-04-31177-0 2258:978-90-04-31177-0 2231:978-90-04-31177-0 2206:978-90-04-31177-0 1940:978-90-04-31177-0 1799:Minhaj al-karamah 1786:Umayyad Caliphate 1698:Kitab al-talwihat 1691:hill al-mushkilat 1609:Minhaj al-karamah 1597:al-ḥukm al-sharʿī 1399:Qawa'id ul-Ahkam, 1317:He wrote several 1287:Tajrid ul-I'tiqad 1279:Tajrid ul-I'tiqad 1251:Khulasat ul-Aqwal 1147:Muhaqqiq al-Hilli 1051: 1050: 947:and jurisprudence 554:Nahy ani l-Munkar 394: 393: 270: 269: 249:Muhaqqiq al-Hilli 194:Minhaj al-Karamah 16:(Redirected from 7564: 7198: 7197: 6964: 6963: 6782: 6781: 6758:Nusayr ibn Yahyā 6740:Awn ibn Abdullāh 6727:Sa'id ibn Jubayr 6697:Ubayd al-Mūktaib 6563: 6562: 6407: 6406: 6376:ʿAjlan ibn Nawus 6345:Maḥmūd Pasīkhānī 6314:Khashabiyya Shia 6250:Bayān ibn Sam‘ān 6208:Abū ʿAmra Kaysān 5991:Imadaddin Nasimi 5896: 5895: 5793: 5792: 5664:Salafi Modernism 5567:Ahmad ibn Hanbal 5534: 5533: 5525: 5524: 5512: 5511: 5408:Awail Al Maqalat 5290:Al-Baz al-Ashhab 5270: 5269: 5200:Dhu'ayb ibn Musa 5155:Isma'ili Shi'ism 5143:Wilayat al-faqih 5123:Hisham ibn Hakam 5108:Allamah Al-Hilli 4332:Muhammad Mayyara 4124: 4123: 3994: 3993: 3987: 3986: 3962: 3961: 3954:Islamic theology 3947: 3940: 3933: 3924: 3923: 3686: 3685: 3642:Abraham ibn Daud 3612: 3611: 3573:Nicholas of Cusa 3563:Albert of Saxony 3492:Boetius of Dacia 3487:Siger of Brabant 3292: 3291: 3272: 3265: 3258: 3249: 3248: 3219:Hasanzadeh Amoli 3214:Mostafa Malekian 3184:Taha Abdurrahman 3159:Ismail al-Faruqi 3117: 3039:Dawūd al-Qayṣarī 2770:Abu Bakr al-Razi 2745: 2744: 2727: 2726: 2552: 2539:Medieval science 2534: 2519: 2501: 2491: 2454: 2443: 2423: 2422: 2408: 2401: 2394: 2385: 2384: 2360: 2355: 2349: 2344: 2335: 2323: 2317: 2316: 2296: 2290: 2289: 2269: 2263: 2262: 2242: 2236: 2235: 2217: 2211: 2210: 2192: 2186: 2179: 2173: 2170: 2164: 2159: 2153: 2141: 2135: 2132: 2111: 2108: 2102: 2101: 2071: 2063: 2050: 2036: 2030: 2029: 1999: 1991: 1985: 1984: 1976: 1970: 1969: 1962: 1945: 1944: 1924: 1847:Qawāʾid al-Aḥkām 1573:al-maʿnā al-ʿāmm 1426:Brill Publishers 1222:the Twelve Imams 1112:Names and titles 1102:Al-Hurr al-Amili 1090:Twelver theology 1075: 1063: 1043: 1036: 1029: 1015: 1014: 918:Mafatih al-Jinan 903:Wasā'il al-Shīʿa 874:Tahdhib al-Ahkam 477:Wilayat al-Faqih 302: 301: 272: 271: 147:Main interest(s) 82:, Iraq (aged 75) 30: 29: 21: 7572: 7571: 7567: 7566: 7565: 7563: 7562: 7561: 7502: 7501: 7500: 7487: 7443: 7400: 7371:Ahmed Raza Khan 7352: 7306: 7296:Fethullah Gülen 7271:Nation of Islam 7192: 7189: 7179: 7122: 7099:Ahmad ibn Hābīt 7027: 7019: 6957: 6953: 6941: 6862:Bāzīgh ibn Mūsā 6832: 6767: 6752:Hālaf ibn Ayyūb 6710: 6627: 6556: 6553: 6550: 6546: 6534: 6485: 6398: 6386: 6320: 6194: 6187: 6155:Hassan-i Sabbah 6038: 6030: 5902: 5889: 5885: 5881: 5877: 5865: 5830:Hasan al-Utrush 5778: 5744:Ahmed Raza Khan 5690: 5682: 5589:Dawud al-Zahiri 5540: 5519: 5498: 5476: 5425: 5372: 5332:Kitab al-Tawhid 5257: 5219: 5149: 5076:Hasan al-Askari 5051:Ja'far al-Sadiq 5013:Twelver Shi'ism 5007: 4979:Salafi Jihadism 4974:Osama bin Laden 4957:Safar Al-Hawali 4918:Saleh Al-Fawzan 4852: 4822: 4815:Sahib ibn Abbad 4810:Ibn Abi'l-Hadid 4775:Ja'far ibn Harb 4740:Wasil ibn 'Ata' 4737: 4729: 4697: 4658:ī (Muqātilīyya) 4638: 4596: 4552:Shah Abdul Aziz 4425: 4417: 4371: 4357:Ahmad al-Dardir 4242:Ahmad al-Rifa'i 4130: 4109: 4081: 4053: 4020: 3981: 3980: 3956: 3951: 3921: 3916: 3902: 3826: 3775: 3721:Matta ibn Yunus 3671: 3597: 3536: 3527:Petrus Aureolus 3502:Meister Eckhart 3447:Albertus Magnus 3429: 3423: 3349: 3343: 3281: 3276: 3246: 3233: 3199:Fouad Zakariyya 3194:Mohammed Arkoun 3149:Frithjof Schuon 3115: 3109: 3095:Qazi Sa’id Qumi 3048: 2982: 2921: 2860: 2809: 2739: 2717: 2631: 2590:Illuminationism 2556: 2550: 2532: 2517: 2500:(jurisprudence) 2499: 2489: 2452: 2441: 2417: 2412: 2369: 2364: 2363: 2356: 2352: 2345: 2338: 2333:Wayback Machine 2324: 2320: 2313: 2297: 2293: 2286: 2270: 2266: 2259: 2243: 2239: 2232: 2218: 2214: 2207: 2193: 2189: 2180: 2176: 2171: 2167: 2160: 2156: 2151:Wayback Machine 2142: 2138: 2133: 2114: 2109: 2105: 2098: 2064: 2053: 2037: 2033: 2026: 1992: 1988: 1977: 1973: 1964: 1963: 1959: 1954: 1949: 1948: 1941: 1925: 1921: 1916: 1862: 1816:Nazm al Barahin 1812:Ma'ārij al-Fahm 1743: 1695:al-Suhrawardi's 1682:Kitab Al-Shifaʾ 1664:Nahj al-Balagha 1605: 1523:), Preferment ( 1515:), Narrations ( 1507:), Abrogation ( 1487:), Generality ( 1375: 1369:'Ali-al-Rida”. 1308:Manhaj ul-Salat 1263: 1238: 1230:madrasa sayyara 1123: 1114: 1092:, a pioneering 1080:) was an Iraqi 1047: 1009: 1004: 1003: 1002: 987: 979: 978: 977: 963:The Infallibles 948: 936: 935: 934: 913:Nahj al-Balagha 885: 853: 845: 844: 843: 788: 780: 779: 778: 710: 702: 701: 700: 668: 660: 659: 658: 608: 600: 599: 598: 578: 577:Other practices 570: 569: 568: 549:Amr bi-l maʿrūf 513: 503: 502: 501: 446: 438: 437: 436: 406: 396: 395: 299: 288:Twelver Shi'ism 266: 245: 244: 225: 216: 177:Notable work(s) 141:Twelver Shi'ism 50: 48: 44: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7570: 7560: 7559: 7554: 7549: 7544: 7542:Legal scholars 7539: 7534: 7529: 7524: 7519: 7514: 7497: 7496: 7493: 7492: 7489: 7488: 7486: 7485: 7480: 7475: 7470: 7465: 7460: 7452: 7449: 7448: 7445: 7444: 7442: 7441: 7436: 7431: 7426: 7421: 7416: 7410: 7408: 7402: 7401: 7399: 7398: 7393: 7392: 7391: 7386: 7377: 7362: 7360: 7354: 7353: 7351: 7350: 7349: 7348: 7342: 7337: 7332: 7327: 7325:Muhammad Abduh 7316: 7314: 7308: 7307: 7305: 7304: 7303: 7302: 7284: 7283: 7282: 7268: 7267: 7266: 7248: 7247: 7246: 7229: 7228: 7227: 7222: 7217: 7206: 7204: 7195: 7185: 7184: 7181: 7180: 7178: 7177: 7176: 7175: 7170: 7168:Rashad Khalifa 7160: 7159: 7158: 7153: 7151:Muhammad Iqbal 7143: 7138: 7132: 7130: 7124: 7123: 7121: 7120: 7119: 7118: 7112: 7111: 7110: 7104: 7103: 7102: 7101: 7100: 7094: 7091: 7085: 7082: 7081: 7080: 7079: 7078: 7069: 7068: 7067: 7059: 7058: 7057: 7056: 7055: 7050: 7042: 7035: 7033: 7021: 7020: 7018: 7017: 7004: 7002:Bektashi Order 6995: 6986: 6972: 6970: 6961: 6947: 6946: 6943: 6942: 6940: 6939: 6938: 6937: 6929: 6924: 6919: 6916: 6915: 6914: 6906: 6905: 6904: 6898: 6893: 6892: 6891: 6881: 6880: 6879: 6873: 6872: 6871: 6865: 6864: 6863: 6855: 6854: 6853: 6851:Abu al-Khattab 6842: 6840: 6834: 6833: 6831: 6830: 6829: 6828: 6823: 6818: 6809:Abū Hulmān al- 6802: 6799: 6798: 6797: 6790: 6788: 6779: 6773: 6772: 6769: 6768: 6766: 6765: 6764:Amr ibn Murrah 6762: 6761:Ahmad ibn Hārb 6759: 6756: 6753: 6750: 6749:Salm ibn Sālem 6747: 6744: 6741: 6738: 6735: 6732: 6729: 6724: 6718: 6716: 6712: 6711: 6709: 6708: 6707: 6706: 6700: 6699: 6698: 6692: 6691: 6690: 6684: 6683: 6682: 6681:Sāleh ibn Umar 6676: 6675: 6674: 6668: 6667: 6666: 6660: 6659: 6658: 6657:Gassān al-Kūfī 6652: 6651: 6650: 6644: 6643: 6642: 6635: 6633: 6629: 6628: 6626: 6625: 6624: 6623: 6620: 6617: 6614: 6611: 6608: 6605: 6602: 6599: 6596: 6593: 6590: 6587: 6584: 6581: 6578: 6571: 6569: 6560: 6540: 6539: 6536: 6535: 6533: 6532: 6527: 6526: 6525: 6515: 6506: 6504:Jābir ibn Zayd 6501: 6495: 6493: 6487: 6486: 6484: 6483: 6482: 6481: 6472: 6462: 6461: 6460: 6450: 6449: 6448: 6442: 6441: 6440: 6430: 6429: 6428: 6425: 6422: 6415: 6413: 6404: 6392: 6391: 6388: 6387: 6385: 6384: 6379: 6378: 6377: 6372:Tawussite Shia 6369: 6368: 6367: 6353: 6352: 6351: 6337: 6331: 6329: 6322: 6321: 6319: 6318: 6317: 6316: 6311: 6310: 6309: 6304: 6303: 6302: 6297: 6296: 6295: 6290: 6275: 6274: 6273: 6255: 6254: 6253: 6252: 6251: 6245: 6244: 6243: 6240: 6239: 6238: 6235: 6227: 6212: 6211: 6210: 6199: 6197: 6189: 6188: 6186: 6185: 6184: 6183: 6174: 6161: 6147: 6146: 6145: 6133: 6132: 6131: 6126: 6125: 6124: 6119: 6114: 6094: 6093: 6092: 6075: 6057: 6056: 6055: 6044: 6042: 6032: 6031: 6029: 6028: 6027: 6026: 6017: 6003: 6002: 6001: 5984: 5966: 5965: 5964: 5938: 5937: 5936: 5931: 5930: 5929: 5924: 5908: 5906: 5893: 5871: 5870: 5867: 5866: 5864: 5863: 5862: 5861: 5856: 5846: 5845: 5844: 5842:Imams of Yemen 5839: 5837:Yahya ibn Umar 5834: 5833: 5832: 5822: 5817: 5812: 5801: 5799: 5790: 5784: 5783: 5780: 5779: 5777: 5776: 5775: 5774: 5773: 5772: 5763: 5750: 5727: 5726: 5725: 5724: 5723: 5709: 5698: 5696: 5684: 5683: 5681: 5680: 5679: 5678: 5673: 5668: 5667: 5666: 5661: 5660: 5659: 5654: 5649: 5639: 5638: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5612: 5611: 5610: 5591: 5581: 5580: 5579: 5574: 5569: 5559: 5558: 5557: 5548: 5546: 5531: 5521: 5520: 5508: 5507: 5504: 5503: 5500: 5499: 5497: 5496: 5491: 5485: 5482: 5481: 5478: 5477: 5475: 5474: 5463: 5452: 5445:Kitab al-Majmu 5441: 5433: 5431: 5427: 5426: 5424: 5423: 5416: 5411: 5404: 5397: 5390: 5382: 5380: 5374: 5373: 5371: 5370: 5363: 5356: 5349: 5342: 5335: 5328: 5321: 5314: 5307: 5300: 5293: 5286: 5283:Asas al-Taqdis 5278: 5276: 5267: 5263: 5262: 5259: 5258: 5256: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5229: 5227: 5221: 5220: 5218: 5217: 5212: 5207: 5202: 5197: 5196: 5195: 5185: 5180: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5159: 5157: 5151: 5150: 5148: 5147: 5146: 5145: 5135: 5133:Ja'far Sobhani 5130: 5125: 5120: 5115: 5110: 5105: 5100: 5095: 5090: 5085: 5084: 5083: 5078: 5073: 5068: 5063: 5058: 5053: 5048: 5043: 5038: 5036:Husayn ibn Ali 5033: 5028: 5017: 5015: 5009: 5008: 5006: 5005: 5004: 5003: 4995: 4994: 4993: 4983: 4982: 4981: 4971: 4969:Salman al-Ouda 4966: 4965: 4964: 4962:Sahwa movement 4954: 4952:Zubair Ali Zai 4949: 4944: 4943: 4942: 4932: 4931: 4930: 4920: 4915: 4910: 4905: 4900: 4895: 4890: 4885: 4884: 4883: 4873: 4868: 4862: 4860: 4854: 4853: 4851: 4850: 4849: 4848: 4845: 4842: 4839: 4832: 4830: 4824: 4823: 4821: 4820: 4817: 4812: 4807: 4802: 4800:Al-Zamakhshari 4797: 4796: 4795: 4785: 4779: 4776: 4773: 4770: 4764: 4761: 4758: 4755: 4752: 4745: 4743: 4731: 4730: 4728: 4727: 4707: 4705: 4699: 4698: 4696: 4695: 4685: 4684: 4683: 4675: 4659: 4648: 4646: 4640: 4639: 4637: 4636: 4635: 4634: 4633: 4632: 4619: 4618: 4617: 4606: 4604: 4598: 4597: 4595: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4569: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4549: 4544: 4539: 4537:Ahmad Sirhindi 4534: 4529: 4524: 4519: 4514: 4509: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4484: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4454: 4449: 4444: 4439: 4433: 4431: 4419: 4418: 4416: 4415: 4405: 4398:Malik ibn Anas 4395: 4384: 4382: 4373: 4372: 4370: 4369: 4364: 4359: 4354: 4349: 4344: 4339: 4334: 4329: 4324: 4319: 4314: 4309: 4304: 4299: 4294: 4289: 4284: 4279: 4274: 4269: 4264: 4259: 4254: 4249: 4244: 4239: 4234: 4229: 4224: 4219: 4214: 4209: 4204: 4199: 4194: 4189: 4184: 4179: 4174: 4169: 4164: 4162:Al-Shahrastani 4159: 4154: 4149: 4144: 4138: 4136: 4121: 4115: 4114: 4111: 4110: 4108: 4107: 4102: 4097: 4091: 4089: 4083: 4082: 4080: 4079: 4074: 4069: 4063: 4061: 4055: 4054: 4052: 4051: 4046: 4041: 4036: 4030: 4028: 4022: 4021: 4019: 4018: 4013: 4008: 4002: 4000: 3991: 3983: 3982: 3979: 3978: 3975: 3970: 3966: 3958: 3957: 3950: 3949: 3942: 3935: 3927: 3918: 3917: 3911: 3908: 3907: 3904: 3903: 3901: 3900: 3895: 3890: 3885: 3880: 3875: 3870: 3865: 3860: 3855: 3850: 3845: 3840: 3834: 3832: 3828: 3827: 3825: 3824: 3819: 3814: 3809: 3804: 3799: 3794: 3789: 3783: 3781: 3777: 3776: 3774: 3773: 3768: 3763: 3758: 3753: 3748: 3743: 3738: 3733: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3713: 3708: 3703: 3698: 3692: 3690: 3683: 3677: 3676: 3673: 3672: 3670: 3669: 3664: 3662:Hasdai Crescas 3659: 3654: 3649: 3644: 3639: 3634: 3629: 3624: 3618: 3616: 3609: 3603: 3602: 3599: 3598: 3596: 3595: 3590: 3585: 3583:Paul of Venice 3580: 3578:Vincent Ferrer 3575: 3570: 3565: 3560: 3555: 3550: 3544: 3542: 3538: 3537: 3535: 3534: 3529: 3524: 3519: 3514: 3509: 3504: 3499: 3494: 3489: 3484: 3479: 3474: 3469: 3467:Thomas Aquinas 3464: 3459: 3454: 3452:Henry of Ghent 3449: 3444: 3439: 3433: 3431: 3425: 3424: 3422: 3421: 3419:Alain de Lille 3416: 3411: 3406: 3401: 3396: 3391: 3386: 3381: 3376: 3374:Anselm of Laon 3371: 3366: 3361: 3353: 3351: 3345: 3344: 3342: 3341: 3336: 3331: 3326: 3321: 3316: 3311: 3306: 3303:Church Fathers 3298: 3296: 3289: 3283: 3282: 3275: 3274: 3267: 3260: 3252: 3243: 3242: 3239: 3238: 3235: 3234: 3232: 3231: 3226: 3221: 3216: 3211: 3206: 3201: 3196: 3191: 3186: 3181: 3176: 3171: 3166: 3161: 3156: 3151: 3146: 3141: 3136: 3131: 3129:Muhammad Iqbal 3126: 3120: 3118: 3111: 3110: 3108: 3107: 3105:Hādī Sabzavārī 3102: 3097: 3092: 3087: 3082: 3077: 3072: 3067: 3065:Mir Fendereski 3062: 3056: 3054: 3050: 3049: 3047: 3046: 3041: 3036: 3031: 3026: 3021: 3016: 3011: 3006: 3001: 2996: 2990: 2988: 2984: 2983: 2981: 2980: 2975: 2970: 2965: 2960: 2955: 2950: 2945: 2940: 2935: 2929: 2927: 2923: 2922: 2920: 2919: 2914: 2909: 2904: 2899: 2894: 2889: 2884: 2879: 2874: 2868: 2866: 2862: 2861: 2859: 2858: 2853: 2848: 2843: 2838: 2833: 2828: 2823: 2817: 2815: 2811: 2810: 2808: 2807: 2802: 2797: 2792: 2790:Ikhwan al-Safa 2787: 2782: 2777: 2772: 2767: 2762: 2757: 2751: 2749: 2741: 2740: 2723: 2722: 2719: 2718: 2716: 2715: 2710: 2705: 2700: 2695: 2690: 2685: 2680: 2675: 2670: 2665: 2660: 2655: 2650: 2645: 2639: 2637: 2633: 2632: 2630: 2629: 2624: 2622:Traditionalist 2619: 2614: 2613: 2612: 2607: 2602: 2592: 2587: 2582: 2577: 2572: 2566: 2564: 2558: 2557: 2555: 2554: 2546: 2541: 2536: 2526: 2521: 2513: 2508: 2503: 2493: 2483: 2478: 2473: 2472: 2471: 2466: 2456: 2445: 2435: 2429: 2427: 2419: 2418: 2411: 2410: 2403: 2396: 2388: 2382: 2381: 2378: 2375: 2368: 2365: 2362: 2361: 2350: 2336: 2318: 2311: 2291: 2284: 2264: 2257: 2237: 2230: 2212: 2205: 2187: 2174: 2165: 2154: 2136: 2112: 2103: 2096: 2051: 2045:2012-08-03 at 2031: 2024: 1986: 1971: 1956: 1955: 1953: 1950: 1947: 1946: 1939: 1918: 1917: 1915: 1912: 1911: 1910: 1907: 1904: 1901: 1898: 1895: 1892: 1889: 1886: 1880: 1877: 1872: 1866: 1861: 1858: 1857: 1856: 1849: 1844: 1839: 1833: 1827: 1819: 1809: 1803: 1795: 1789: 1771: 1604: 1601: 1569:alfāẓ al-ʿumūm 1511:), Consensus ( 1495:), Ambiguous ( 1374: 1371: 1262: 1259: 1237: 1234: 1122: 1119: 1113: 1110: 1049: 1048: 1046: 1045: 1038: 1031: 1023: 1020: 1019: 1006: 1005: 1001: 1000: 995: 989: 988: 986:Related topics 985: 984: 981: 980: 976: 975: 970: 965: 956: 950: 949: 942: 941: 938: 937: 933: 932: 931: 930: 925: 920: 915: 910: 905: 900: 898:Bihar al-Anwar 895: 886: 884: 883: 882: 881: 876: 871: 866: 859:The Four Books 855: 854: 851: 850: 847: 846: 842: 841: 836: 831: 826: 821: 811: 806: 796: 790: 789: 786: 785: 782: 781: 777: 776: 775: 774: 769: 764: 759: 754: 749: 744: 739: 734: 729: 718: 712: 711: 708: 707: 704: 703: 699: 698: 693: 688: 687: 686: 681: 670: 669: 666: 665: 662: 661: 657: 656: 651: 646: 641: 636: 631: 626: 621: 616: 610: 609: 606: 605: 602: 601: 597: 596: 591: 586: 580: 579: 576: 575: 572: 571: 567: 566: 561: 556: 551: 546: 541: 536: 531: 526: 521: 515: 514: 509: 508: 505: 504: 500: 499: 494: 489: 484: 479: 474: 469: 464: 459: 454: 448: 447: 444: 443: 440: 439: 435: 434: 429: 424: 419: 414: 408: 407: 402: 401: 398: 397: 392: 391: 390: 389: 384: 379: 374: 369: 364: 359: 354: 349: 344: 339: 334: 326: 325: 318: 317: 316: 315: 310: 300: 295: 294: 291: 290: 284: 283: 268: 267: 265: 264: 242: 241: 240: 237: 236: 232: 231: 226:Disseminating 209: 208:Known for 205: 204: 200:Kashf al-Yaqin 178: 174: 173: 148: 144: 143: 138: 134: 133: 131:Ja'fari school 128: 124: 123: 118: 114: 113: 108: 104: 103: 98: 94: 93: 88: 84: 83: 76: 72: 71: 64: 60: 59: 55: 54: 41: 37: 36: 33: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7569: 7558: 7555: 7553: 7550: 7548: 7545: 7543: 7540: 7538: 7535: 7533: 7530: 7528: 7525: 7523: 7520: 7518: 7515: 7513: 7510: 7509: 7507: 7484: 7481: 7479: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7469: 7466: 7464: 7461: 7458: 7454: 7453: 7450: 7440: 7437: 7435: 7432: 7430: 7427: 7425: 7422: 7420: 7417: 7415: 7412: 7411: 7409: 7407: 7406:Other beliefs 7403: 7397: 7394: 7390: 7387: 7385: 7381: 7380:Hilmi Tunahan 7378: 7376: 7372: 7369: 7368: 7367: 7364: 7363: 7361: 7359: 7355: 7347: 7343: 7341: 7338: 7336: 7333: 7331: 7330:Muhammad Asad 7328: 7326: 7323: 7322: 7321: 7318: 7317: 7315: 7313: 7309: 7301: 7297: 7293: 7290: 7289: 7288: 7285: 7281: 7277: 7274: 7273: 7272: 7269: 7265: 7261: 7257: 7254: 7253: 7252: 7249: 7245: 7241: 7240:Sabbatai Zevi 7238: 7237: 7236: 7233: 7230: 7226: 7223: 7221: 7218: 7216: 7213: 7212: 7211: 7208: 7207: 7205: 7203: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7186: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7165: 7164: 7161: 7157: 7154: 7152: 7149: 7148: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7133: 7131: 7129: 7125: 7116: 7115: 7113: 7108: 7107: 7105: 7098: 7097: 7095: 7092: 7090:Ali al-Aswarī 7089: 7088: 7086: 7083: 7076: 7075: 7073: 7072: 7070: 7065: 7064: 7063: 7060: 7054: 7051: 7048: 7047: 7046: 7043: 7040: 7039: 7037: 7036: 7034: 7031: 7026: 7022: 7016: 7012: 7008: 7005: 7003: 6999: 6996: 6994: 6990: 6987: 6985: 6981: 6977: 6974: 6973: 6971: 6969: 6965: 6962: 6959: 6952: 6948: 6936: 6933: 6932: 6930: 6928: 6925: 6923: 6920: 6917: 6912: 6911: 6910: 6907: 6902: 6901: 6899: 6897: 6894: 6890: 6887: 6886: 6885: 6882: 6877: 6876: 6874: 6869: 6868: 6867:Muʿāmmarīyya 6866: 6861: 6860: 6859: 6856: 6852: 6849: 6848: 6847: 6844: 6843: 6841: 6839: 6835: 6827: 6824: 6822: 6819: 6816: 6812: 6808: 6807: 6806: 6803: 6800: 6795: 6794: 6792: 6791: 6789: 6787: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6774: 6763: 6760: 6757: 6754: 6751: 6748: 6745: 6742: 6739: 6736: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6719: 6717: 6713: 6704: 6703: 6701: 6696: 6695: 6693: 6688: 6687: 6685: 6680: 6679: 6677: 6672: 6671: 6669: 6664: 6663: 6661: 6656: 6655: 6653: 6648: 6647: 6645: 6640: 6639: 6637: 6636: 6634: 6630: 6621: 6618: 6615: 6612: 6609: 6606: 6603: 6600: 6597: 6594: 6591: 6588: 6585: 6582: 6579: 6576: 6575: 6573: 6572: 6570: 6568: 6564: 6561: 6558: 6552: 6545: 6541: 6531: 6528: 6524: 6521: 6520: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6496: 6494: 6492: 6488: 6480: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6468: 6467: 6466: 6463: 6459: 6456: 6455: 6454: 6451: 6446: 6445: 6443: 6439: 6436: 6435: 6434: 6431: 6426: 6423: 6420: 6419: 6417: 6416: 6414: 6412: 6408: 6405: 6402: 6397: 6393: 6383: 6382:Waqifite Shia 6380: 6375: 6374: 6373: 6370: 6366: 6362: 6359: 6358: 6357: 6354: 6350: 6346: 6343: 6342: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6332: 6330: 6328: 6323: 6315: 6312: 6308: 6307:Ishaq al-Turk 6305: 6301: 6298: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6285: 6284: 6281: 6280: 6279: 6276: 6272: 6269: 6268: 6267: 6264: 6263: 6261: 6260: 6259: 6256: 6249: 6248: 6246: 6241: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6224: 6222: 6221: 6220: 6216: 6213: 6209: 6206: 6205: 6204: 6201: 6200: 6198: 6196: 6190: 6182: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6169: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6156: 6153: 6152: 6151: 6148: 6144: 6141: 6137: 6134: 6130: 6127: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6109: 6108: 6105: 6104: 6103: 6100: 6099: 6098: 6095: 6091: 6087: 6083: 6079: 6076: 6074: 6070: 6066: 6065:Hamdan Qarmat 6063: 6062: 6061: 6058: 6054: 6051: 6050: 6049: 6046: 6045: 6043: 6041: 6037: 6033: 6025: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6012: 6009: 6008: 6007: 6004: 6000: 5996: 5992: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5979: 5975: 5972: 5971: 5970: 5967: 5963: 5962:Safavid Islam 5959: 5955: 5951: 5947: 5946:Sheikh Haydar 5944: 5943: 5942: 5939: 5935: 5932: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5919: 5918: 5915: 5914: 5913: 5910: 5909: 5907: 5905: 5901: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5888: 5884: 5880: 5876: 5872: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5851: 5850: 5847: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5831: 5828: 5827: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5807: 5806: 5803: 5802: 5800: 5798: 5794: 5791: 5789: 5785: 5771: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5758: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5745: 5741: 5738: 5737: 5736: 5733: 5732: 5731: 5728: 5722: 5718: 5715: 5714: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5704: 5703: 5700: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5689: 5685: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5665: 5662: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5644: 5643: 5640: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5617: 5616: 5613: 5609: 5605: 5602: 5601: 5600: 5597: 5596: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5586: 5585: 5582: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5564: 5563: 5560: 5556: 5553: 5552: 5550: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5539: 5538:Ahl al-Hadith 5535: 5532: 5530: 5526: 5522: 5518: 5513: 5509: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5486: 5483: 5473: 5472: 5468: 5464: 5462: 5461: 5457: 5453: 5451: 5450: 5446: 5442: 5440: 5439: 5435: 5434: 5432: 5428: 5422: 5421: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5409: 5405: 5403: 5402: 5398: 5396: 5395: 5391: 5389: 5388: 5384: 5383: 5381: 5379: 5375: 5369: 5368: 5364: 5362: 5361: 5357: 5355: 5354: 5350: 5348: 5347: 5343: 5341: 5340: 5336: 5334: 5333: 5329: 5327: 5326: 5322: 5320: 5319: 5315: 5313: 5312: 5308: 5306: 5305: 5301: 5299: 5298: 5294: 5292: 5291: 5287: 5285: 5284: 5280: 5279: 5277: 5275: 5271: 5268: 5264: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5230: 5228: 5226: 5225:Zaydi Shi'ism 5222: 5216: 5213: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5194: 5191: 5190: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5164: 5161: 5160: 5158: 5156: 5152: 5144: 5141: 5140: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5096: 5094: 5091: 5089: 5086: 5082: 5079: 5077: 5074: 5072: 5069: 5067: 5064: 5062: 5059: 5057: 5056:Musa al-Kazim 5054: 5052: 5049: 5047: 5044: 5042: 5041:Ali al-Sajjad 5039: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5031:Hasan ibn Ali 5029: 5027: 5024: 5023: 5022: 5019: 5018: 5016: 5014: 5010: 5002:Post-Salafism 5001: 5000: 4999: 4996: 4992: 4989: 4988: 4987: 4984: 4980: 4977: 4976: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4963: 4960: 4959: 4958: 4955: 4953: 4950: 4948: 4945: 4941: 4938: 4937: 4936: 4933: 4929: 4926: 4925: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4906: 4904: 4901: 4899: 4896: 4894: 4891: 4889: 4886: 4882: 4879: 4878: 4877: 4874: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4866:Ibn Taymiyyah 4864: 4863: 4861: 4859: 4855: 4847:Mustadrakīyya 4846: 4843: 4840: 4837: 4836: 4834: 4833: 4831: 4829: 4825: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4805:Amr ibn Ubayd 4803: 4801: 4798: 4794: 4791: 4790: 4789: 4786: 4783: 4780: 4777: 4774: 4771: 4768: 4765: 4762: 4759: 4756: 4753: 4750: 4747: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4736: 4732: 4725: 4721: 4717: 4713: 4709: 4708: 4706: 4704: 4700: 4693: 4689: 4686: 4682: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4670: 4668: 4664: 4660: 4657: 4653: 4650: 4649: 4647: 4645: 4641: 4630: 4629: 4628: 4625: 4624: 4623: 4620: 4616: 4613: 4612: 4611: 4608: 4607: 4605: 4603: 4599: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4578: 4575: 4573: 4570: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4555: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4523: 4520: 4518: 4515: 4513: 4510: 4508: 4505: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4435: 4434: 4432: 4429: 4424: 4420: 4413: 4409: 4406: 4403: 4399: 4396: 4393: 4389: 4386: 4385: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4374: 4368: 4365: 4363: 4360: 4358: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4348: 4345: 4343: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4270: 4268: 4265: 4263: 4260: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4250: 4248: 4245: 4243: 4240: 4238: 4235: 4233: 4230: 4228: 4225: 4223: 4220: 4218: 4215: 4213: 4210: 4208: 4205: 4203: 4200: 4198: 4195: 4193: 4190: 4188: 4185: 4183: 4180: 4178: 4175: 4173: 4170: 4168: 4165: 4163: 4160: 4158: 4155: 4153: 4150: 4148: 4145: 4143: 4140: 4139: 4137: 4134: 4129: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4116: 4106: 4103: 4101: 4098: 4096: 4093: 4092: 4090: 4088: 4084: 4078: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4064: 4062: 4060: 4056: 4050: 4047: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4031: 4029: 4027: 4023: 4017: 4014: 4012: 4009: 4007: 4004: 4003: 4001: 3999: 3995: 3992: 3988: 3984: 3976: 3974: 3971: 3968: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3955: 3948: 3943: 3941: 3936: 3934: 3929: 3928: 3925: 3915: 3909: 3899: 3896: 3894: 3891: 3889: 3886: 3884: 3881: 3879: 3876: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3853:Rashid al-Din 3851: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3836: 3835: 3833: 3829: 3823: 3820: 3818: 3815: 3813: 3810: 3808: 3805: 3803: 3800: 3798: 3795: 3793: 3790: 3788: 3785: 3784: 3782: 3778: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3764: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3741:Abd al-Jabbar 3739: 3737: 3734: 3732: 3729: 3727: 3724: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3714: 3712: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3702: 3699: 3697: 3694: 3693: 3691: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3678: 3668: 3665: 3663: 3660: 3658: 3655: 3653: 3650: 3648: 3645: 3643: 3640: 3638: 3635: 3633: 3630: 3628: 3625: 3623: 3620: 3619: 3617: 3613: 3610: 3608: 3604: 3594: 3591: 3589: 3586: 3584: 3581: 3579: 3576: 3574: 3571: 3569: 3566: 3564: 3561: 3559: 3558:Nicole Oresme 3556: 3554: 3551: 3549: 3546: 3545: 3543: 3539: 3533: 3530: 3528: 3525: 3523: 3520: 3518: 3515: 3513: 3510: 3508: 3507:Giles of Rome 3505: 3503: 3500: 3498: 3495: 3493: 3490: 3488: 3485: 3483: 3480: 3478: 3475: 3473: 3470: 3468: 3465: 3463: 3460: 3458: 3455: 3453: 3450: 3448: 3445: 3443: 3440: 3438: 3435: 3434: 3432: 3426: 3420: 3417: 3415: 3412: 3410: 3407: 3405: 3402: 3400: 3397: 3395: 3394:Peter Lombard 3392: 3390: 3387: 3385: 3382: 3380: 3377: 3375: 3372: 3370: 3369:Peter Abelard 3367: 3365: 3362: 3359: 3358:Scholasticism 3355: 3354: 3352: 3346: 3340: 3337: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3325: 3322: 3320: 3317: 3315: 3312: 3310: 3307: 3304: 3300: 3299: 3297: 3293: 3290: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3273: 3268: 3266: 3261: 3259: 3254: 3253: 3250: 3230: 3227: 3225: 3222: 3220: 3217: 3215: 3212: 3210: 3207: 3205: 3202: 3200: 3197: 3195: 3192: 3190: 3187: 3185: 3182: 3180: 3177: 3175: 3172: 3170: 3167: 3165: 3162: 3160: 3157: 3155: 3152: 3150: 3147: 3145: 3142: 3140: 3137: 3135: 3132: 3130: 3127: 3125: 3122: 3121: 3119: 3112: 3106: 3103: 3101: 3098: 3096: 3093: 3091: 3088: 3086: 3083: 3081: 3078: 3076: 3073: 3071: 3068: 3066: 3063: 3061: 3058: 3057: 3055: 3051: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3037: 3035: 3032: 3030: 3027: 3025: 3022: 3020: 3017: 3015: 3012: 3010: 3007: 3005: 3002: 3000: 2997: 2995: 2992: 2991: 2989: 2985: 2979: 2976: 2974: 2971: 2969: 2966: 2964: 2961: 2959: 2956: 2954: 2951: 2949: 2946: 2944: 2941: 2939: 2936: 2934: 2931: 2930: 2928: 2924: 2918: 2917:Shams Tabrizi 2915: 2913: 2910: 2908: 2905: 2903: 2900: 2898: 2895: 2893: 2890: 2888: 2885: 2883: 2880: 2878: 2875: 2873: 2870: 2869: 2867: 2863: 2857: 2854: 2852: 2851:Nasir Khusraw 2849: 2847: 2844: 2842: 2839: 2837: 2834: 2832: 2829: 2827: 2826:Ibn Miskawayh 2824: 2822: 2819: 2818: 2816: 2812: 2806: 2803: 2801: 2798: 2796: 2793: 2791: 2788: 2786: 2783: 2781: 2778: 2776: 2773: 2771: 2768: 2766: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2756: 2753: 2752: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2737: 2733: 2728: 2724: 2714: 2711: 2709: 2706: 2704: 2701: 2699: 2696: 2694: 2691: 2689: 2686: 2684: 2681: 2679: 2676: 2674: 2671: 2669: 2666: 2664: 2661: 2659: 2656: 2654: 2651: 2649: 2646: 2644: 2641: 2640: 2638: 2634: 2628: 2625: 2623: 2620: 2618: 2615: 2611: 2608: 2606: 2603: 2601: 2598: 2597: 2596: 2593: 2591: 2588: 2586: 2583: 2581: 2578: 2576: 2573: 2571: 2568: 2567: 2565: 2563: 2559: 2553: 2547: 2545: 2542: 2540: 2537: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2525: 2522: 2520: 2514: 2512: 2509: 2507: 2504: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2482: 2479: 2477: 2474: 2470: 2467: 2465: 2462: 2461: 2460: 2457: 2455: 2451: 2446: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2434: 2431: 2430: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2409: 2404: 2402: 2397: 2395: 2390: 2389: 2386: 2379: 2376: 2374: 2371: 2370: 2359: 2354: 2348: 2343: 2341: 2334: 2330: 2327: 2322: 2314: 2308: 2304: 2303: 2295: 2287: 2281: 2277: 2276: 2268: 2260: 2254: 2250: 2249: 2241: 2233: 2227: 2223: 2216: 2208: 2202: 2198: 2191: 2184: 2178: 2169: 2163: 2158: 2152: 2148: 2145: 2140: 2131: 2129: 2127: 2125: 2123: 2121: 2119: 2117: 2107: 2099: 2097:90-04-07026-5 2093: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2080: 2075: 2074:H. A. R. Gibb 2070: 2062: 2060: 2058: 2056: 2048: 2047:archive.today 2044: 2041: 2035: 2027: 2025:90-04-08265-4 2021: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2008: 2003: 1998: 1990: 1982: 1975: 1967: 1961: 1957: 1942: 1936: 1932: 1931: 1923: 1919: 1908: 1905: 1902: 1899: 1896: 1893: 1890: 1887: 1884: 1881: 1878: 1876: 1873: 1870: 1867: 1864: 1863: 1854: 1850: 1848: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1837: 1834: 1831: 1828: 1825: 1824: 1820: 1817: 1813: 1810: 1807: 1804: 1801: 1800: 1796: 1793: 1790: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1772: 1769: 1765: 1764: 1760: 1759: 1758: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1683: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1665: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1647: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1633: 1628: 1627: 1622: 1621:religious law 1618: 1614: 1613:Ibn Taymiyyah 1610: 1600: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1532: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1473: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1458: 1456: 1452: 1447: 1444: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1414: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1373:Jurisprudence 1370: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1315: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1300: 1298: 1294: 1293: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1258: 1256: 1252: 1247: 1243: 1233: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1216: 1211: 1209: 1204: 1199: 1196: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1181: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1150: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1118: 1109: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1074:العلامة الحلي 1071: 1067: 1059: 1055: 1044: 1039: 1037: 1032: 1030: 1025: 1024: 1022: 1021: 1018: 1013: 1008: 1007: 999: 996: 994: 991: 990: 983: 982: 974: 971: 969: 966: 964: 960: 957: 955: 952: 951: 946: 940: 939: 929: 926: 924: 921: 919: 916: 914: 911: 909: 906: 904: 901: 899: 896: 894: 891: 890: 888: 887: 880: 877: 875: 872: 870: 867: 865: 864:Kitab al-Kafi 862: 861: 860: 857: 856: 849: 848: 840: 837: 835: 832: 830: 829:Seghatoleslam 827: 825: 822: 819: 815: 812: 810: 807: 804: 800: 797: 795: 792: 791: 784: 783: 773: 770: 768: 765: 763: 760: 758: 755: 753: 750: 748: 745: 743: 740: 738: 735: 733: 730: 728: 725: 724: 723: 719: 717: 714: 713: 706: 705: 697: 694: 692: 689: 685: 682: 680: 677: 676: 675: 672: 671: 664: 663: 655: 652: 650: 647: 645: 642: 640: 637: 635: 632: 630: 627: 625: 622: 620: 617: 615: 612: 611: 604: 603: 595: 592: 590: 587: 585: 582: 581: 574: 573: 565: 562: 560: 557: 555: 552: 550: 547: 545: 542: 540: 537: 535: 532: 530: 527: 525: 522: 520: 517: 516: 512: 507: 506: 498: 495: 493: 490: 488: 485: 483: 480: 478: 475: 473: 470: 468: 465: 463: 460: 458: 455: 453: 450: 449: 445:Other beliefs 442: 441: 433: 432:Judgement Day 430: 428: 425: 423: 420: 418: 415: 413: 410: 409: 405: 400: 399: 388: 385: 383: 380: 378: 375: 373: 370: 368: 365: 363: 360: 358: 355: 353: 350: 348: 345: 343: 340: 338: 335: 333: 330: 329: 328: 327: 324: 320: 319: 314: 311: 309: 306: 305: 304: 303: 298: 293: 292: 289: 286: 285: 282: 278: 274: 273: 262: 258: 254: 250: 247: 246: 238: 235:Muslim leader 233: 229: 224: 220: 214: 210: 206: 202: 201: 196: 195: 190: 189: 184: 183: 179: 175: 172: 168: 164: 160: 156: 152: 149: 145: 142: 139: 135: 132: 129: 127:Jurisprudence 125: 122: 119: 115: 112: 109: 105: 102: 99: 95: 92: 89: 85: 81: 77: 73: 69: 65: 61: 56: 53: 52:(Sign of God) 47: 42: 38: 31: 19: 7389:Other orders 7294: / 7287:Nur movement 7258: / 7215:Mirza Ghulam 7146:Tolu-e-Islam 7015:Galibi Order 7013: / 6998:Balım Sultan 6993:Babai revolt 6984:Qalandariyya 6982: / 6884:Mufaḍḍaliyya 6793:Jawārībīyya 6746:Umar ibn Zar 6715:Other Murjīs 6444:Bayhasīyyah 6361:Nuqta-yi Ula 6177:Pir Sadardin 6170: / 6084: / 6080: / 5997: / 5989: / 5976: / 5956: / 5952: / 5948: / 5805:Zayd ibn Ali 5755: / 5742: / 5693:Ilm al-Kalam 5606: / 5599:Ahl-i Hadith 5467:Umm al-kitab 5465: 5454: 5443: 5436: 5418: 5413: 5406: 5399: 5392: 5385: 5365: 5358: 5353:Fihi Ma Fihi 5351: 5344: 5337: 5330: 5323: 5316: 5309: 5302: 5295: 5288: 5281: 5021:Twelve Imams 4940:Ahl-i Hadith 4871:Ibnul Qayyim 4751:(Nazzāmīyya) 4232:Ibn al-Jawzi 4172:Al-Taftazani 4147:Al-Baqillani 3893:Ibn Taymiyya 3883:Ibn al-Nafis 3637:Judah Halevi 3548:Jean Buridan 3477:John Peckham 3442:Michael Scot 3229:Partawi Shah 3224:Javadi Amoli 3209:Ahmad Fardid 3154:Martin Lings 3004:Hajji Bayram 2978:Ibn Taymiyya 2907:Omar Khayyám 2892:Ayn-al-Quzat 2887:Ahmad Yasavi 2800:Ibn Masarrah 2734:by century ( 2732:Philosophers 2627:Contemporary 2529: 2496: 2486: 2449: 2438: 2353: 2321: 2301: 2294: 2274: 2267: 2247: 2240: 2221: 2215: 2196: 2190: 2177: 2168: 2157: 2139: 2106: 2077: 2034: 2005: 1989: 1980: 1974: 1960: 1929: 1922: 1852: 1846: 1841: 1829: 1821: 1815: 1811: 1805: 1797: 1791: 1773: 1761: 1756: 1750: 1742: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1717: 1713: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1690: 1686: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1651:mutakallimun 1650: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1630: 1624: 1616: 1608: 1606: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1533: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1503:), Actions ( 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1474: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1459: 1454: 1450: 1448: 1442: 1437: 1434:uṣūl al-fiqh 1433: 1429: 1421: 1417: 1415: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1391:Al-Mukhtalaf 1390: 1386: 1383:al-Mukhtalaf 1382: 1376: 1316: 1307: 1303: 1301: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1264: 1254: 1250: 1239: 1229: 1212: 1200: 1197: 1182: 1151: 1142: 1124: 1115: 1077: 1065: 1053: 1052: 834:Hojatoleslam 772:Ni'matullāhī 747:Qalandariyya 594:Intercession 482:Usul al-fiqh 467:Intercession 323:Twelve Imams 217:Introducing 198: 192: 186: 180: 163:ilm ar-rijal 117:Denomination 51: 45: 18:Allama Hilli 7517:1325 deaths 7512:1250 births 7340:Rashid Rida 7188:Independent 7173:Edip Yüksel 7136:Ahle Qur'an 7087:Nazzāmīyya 7084:Ikhshīdiyya 7071:Huzaylīyya 7062:Bahshamiyya 7038:Mā’marīyya 7030:Rationalism 6980:Malamatiyya 6900:Mānsūrīyya 6846:Khaṭṭābiyya 6777:Mu'shabbiha 6737:Sābit Kutna 6670:Sawbānīyya 6654:Gassānīyya 6638:Gaylānīyya 6632:Other sects 6427:Sa'labīyyah 6424:Maymunīyyah 6401:Arbitration 6283:Khurramites 6247:Sam‘ānīyya 6020:Bābā Rexheb 5950:Shah Ismail 5770:Millî Görüş 5688:Ahl ar-Ra'y 5630:Al-Uthaymin 5551:Kullabiyya 5529:Sunni Islam 5430:Independent 5274:Sunni books 5098:Shaykh Tusi 5071:Ali al-Hadi 5061:Ali al-Rida 4998:Yasir Qadhi 4903:Al-Uthaymin 4893:Rashid Rida 4888:Al-Shawkani 4784:(Jāhizīyya) 4769:(Jubbāīyya) 4673:Jawālikīyya 4527:Ali al-Qari 4442:Al-Sarakhsi 4428:Al-Maturidi 4302:Al-Sha'rani 4282:Ibn Khaldun 4157:Al-Qushayri 4119:Theologians 4100:Metaphysics 4006:Eschatology 3973:Theologians 3898:Ibn Khaldun 3736:Ibn Masarra 3667:Joseph Albo 3652:Nachmanides 3627:Saadia Gaon 3593:John Hennon 3517:Duns Scotus 3482:Ramon Llull 3462:Bonaventure 3457:Roger Bacon 3319:Cassiodorus 3144:René Guénon 3134:Gohar Shahi 3070:Mulla Sadra 2994:Ibn Khaldun 2605:metaphysics 2551:(mysticism) 2533:(education) 2511:Metaphysics 2490:(dialectic) 2476:Eschatology 2453:(intellect) 1778:descendants 1738:Mulla Sadra 1730:Ta'lim tamm 1501:al-mubayyan 1389:"The End". 1351:metaphysics 1335:determinism 1271:Mu'tazilism 1166:mathematics 943:Sources of 879:Al-Istibsar 787:Scholarship 742:Malamatiyya 720:Sufism and 607:Holy cities 472:Occultation 422:Prophethood 97:Nationality 49:ʾĀyatu llāh 7506:Categories 7384:Süleymancı 7292:Said Nursî 7251:Mahdavīyya 7202:Messianism 7106:Sumamīyya 7096:Hābītīyya 6989:Baba Ishak 6931:Saba'īyya 6918:Mukhāmmīsa 6909:Mughīrīyya 6896:Ghurābīyya 6858:Bāzīghiyya 6826:Bārāq Bābā 6805:Hulmānīyya 6702:Ziyādīyya 6694:Ubaydīyya 6686:Shamrīyya 6678:Sālehīyya 6662:Tūmanīyya 6646:Yūnusīyya 6607:Sauwāqīyya 6583:Hakāiqīyya 6567:Karrāmīyya 6557:Hanafiyyah 6411:Kharijites 6349:Nuktawiyya 6300:al-Muqanna 6278:Muḥammirah 6266:Abu Muslim 6262:Rezāmīyya 6237:Hārithīyya 6229:Janāhiyya 6219:Hashimiyya 6193:Kaysanites 6140:Badakhshan 6073:Qarmatians 6060:Batiniyyah 6040:Isma'ilism 6011:Demir Bābā 6006:Baktāshism 5999:Bektashism 5978:ibn Nusayr 5974:al-Khaṣībī 5958:Kul Nesîmî 5954:Pir Sultan 5859:Khalafiyya 5854:Dukayniyya 5788:Shia Islam 5730:Maturidism 5652:Madkhalism 5555:Ibn Kullab 5378:Shia books 4928:Madkhalism 4828:Najjārīyya 4718:al-Qībtī ( 4692:Karramiyya 4688:Ibn Karram 4644:Mu'jassimā 4532:Al-Maydani 4522:Ali Qushji 4447:Al-Bazdawi 4423:Maturidism 4408:Al-Shafi'i 4277:Al-Baydawi 4237:Qadi Ayyad 4212:Ibn Tumart 4167:Al-Ghazali 4152:Al-Juwayni 4142:Al-Bayhaqi 4133:al-Ash'ari 4105:Philosophy 4026:Philosophy 3863:al-Qazwini 3838:Ibn Sab'in 3817:Ibn Tufayl 3771:al-Kirmani 3657:Gersonides 3647:Maimonides 2999:Yunus Emre 2943:Ibn Sab’in 2912:Suhrawardi 2902:Ibn Tufail 2821:Al-Ghazali 2775:Apharabius 2610:psychology 2580:Avicennism 2442:(theology) 1952:References 1860:Professors 1641:akhbariyun 1589:al-ijtihād 1529:al-ijtihād 1493:al- khuṣūṣ 1395:al-Muntaha 1387:al-Muntaha 1269:school of 1189:al-Bahrani 1162:Avicennism 1106:Shia Islam 757:Bektashism 412:Monotheism 404:Principles 281:Shia Islam 228:Shia Islam 121:Shia Islam 7312:Modernism 7244:Sabbatean 7232:Kabbalist 7210:Ahmadiyya 7141:Kala Kato 7114:Kā‘bīyya 7045:Bishriyya 7025:Muʿtazila 6958:al-Juhani 6951:Qadariyah 6821:Kalandars 6801:Hāshwīyya 6689:Abū Shamr 6622:Zarībīyya 6619:Wāhidīyya 6610:Sūramīyya 6604:Razīnīyya 6580:Dhīmmīyya 6549:Hasan ibn 6523:Wahbiyyah 6470:Abu Qurra 6396:Muhakkima 6340:Hurufiyya 6327:Mahdiists 6242:Riyāhīyya 6223:Hārbīyya 6164:Aga Khans 6159:Assassins 6122:Sulaymani 6086:ad-Darazi 6024:Hārābātīs 5941:Qizilbash 5934:Shaykhism 5810:Jarudiyya 5721:Al-Ahbash 5702:Ash'arism 5635:Al-Albani 5615:Wahhabism 5460:Ahmadiyya 5401:Al-Khisal 5311:Al-Irshad 5266:Key books 4913:Al-Albani 4881:Wahhabism 4735:Mu'tazila 4724:Qadariyah 4602:Mu'attila 4517:Ibn Kemal 4512:Khidr Bey 4392:Hanafiyah 4327:Al-Bahūtī 4322:Ibn Ashir 4287:Ibn Arafa 4182:Ibn Furak 4177:Al-Maziri 4128:Ash'arism 4095:Cosmology 4072:Cosmology 4067:Astronomy 4039:Education 3912:See also 3858:Ibn Arabi 3766:al-Biruni 3756:Miskawayh 3701:al-Nazzam 3287:Christian 3060:Mir Damad 3053:17th–19th 2987:14th–16th 2953:al-Abharī 2948:Ibn Arabi 2882:Ahi Evren 2841:Bahmanyār 2600:cosmology 2585:Averroism 2518:(physics) 2464:astrology 2459:Cosmology 1933:. Brill. 1643:. In the 1557:al-takrār 1553:al-marrah 1537:al-ibāḥah 1525:al-tarjīḥ 1517:al-akhbār 1497:al-mujmal 1485:al-nawāhī 1481:al-awāmir 1470:al-nawāhī 1466:al-awāmir 1331:free will 1323:Ash'arite 1319:polemical 1208:Ilkhanate 1203:astrology 1178:ibn Arabi 1098:Ayatullah 968:Consensus 814:Ayatollah 732:Safaviyya 727:Qizilbash 649:Kadhimiya 639:Jerusalem 511:Practices 382:al-Askari 347:al-Sajjad 230:in Persia 213:Ayatollah 7429:Tawakkul 7396:Tawassul 7358:Taṣawwuf 7280:doctrine 7128:Quranism 6922:Namiriya 6551:Muḥāmmad 6544:Murji'ah 6258:Rawendis 6181:Satpanth 6102:Musta'li 6097:Fatimids 5995:Hurufism 5982:Alawites 5887:Sects in 5879:Mahdiist 5815:Batriyya 5761:Deobandi 5712:Shafi'is 5647:Jihadism 5594:Salafism 5562:Hanbalis 5543:Atharism 5456:Malfūzāt 5394:Al-Amali 4991:Hazimism 4703:Murji'ah 4627:Jahmīyya 4615:Mu'jbira 4207:Ibn Aqil 3792:Ibn Hazm 3746:Al-Amiri 3615:Medieval 3522:Durandus 3389:Roscelin 3314:Boethius 2897:Averroes 2836:Ibn Hazm 2831:Avicenna 2785:Al Amiri 2755:Al-Kindi 2748:9th–10th 2658:ʼIjtihād 2643:ʻAṣabīya 2636:Concepts 2575:Farabism 2530:Madrasah 2329:Archived 2147:Archived 2043:Archived 1780:of Ali, 1724:, and a 1710:Sophists 1669:Avicenna 1639:and the 1637:usuliyun 1577:taʿabbud 1565:al-fasād 1541:al-sharʿ 1521:al-qiyās 1513:al-ijmāʿ 1509:al-naskh 1505:al-afʿāl 1489:al-ʿumūm 1455:al-aḥkām 1297:Shariah” 1261:Theology 1246:Qur'anic 1143:mujtahid 1094:mujtahid 928:Al-Amali 752:Hurufism 716:Alawites 387:al-Mahdi 362:al-Kazim 357:al-Sadiq 352:al-Baqir 308:Muhammad 277:a series 275:Part of 263:, others 203:, others 87:Religion 58:Personal 7478:Shafi'i 7468:Hanbali 7434:Tewafuq 7414:Sadaqah 7375:Barelvi 7366:Ṭarīqah 7220:Qadiani 7193:beliefs 6968:Alevism 6815:Dimashq 6601:Nūnīyya 6595:Maʿīyya 6555:ibn al- 6530:Azzabas 6491:Ibadism 6479:Nukkari 6433:Azariqa 6418:Ajardi 6365:Bábīyya 6271:Sunpadh 6203:Mukhtār 6168:Nizaris 6143:Alevism 6117:Dawoodi 6107:Tayyibi 6069:Sevener 6048:Fathite 5922:Akhbari 5917:Ja'fari 5904:Twelver 5883:Shi'ite 5820:Imamate 5797:Zaydism 5748:Barelvi 5735:Hanafis 5707:Malikis 5676:Maqrizi 5625:Ibn Baz 5584:Zahiris 5346:Masnavi 4898:Ibn Baz 4712:Dimashq 4412:Shafi‘i 4342:'Illish 4077:Physics 4059:Science 3681:Islamic 3472:Vitello 3430:century 3428:13–14th 3350:century 3348:11–12th 3116:present 2678:Maslaha 2562:Schools 2549:Sufism 2433:Alchemy 2367:Sources 1706:tanasub 1659:Qawa'id 1593:iṣṭilāḥ 1561:al-nahy 1477:Mabādiʾ 1462:Mabādiʾ 1443:Mabādiʾ 1438:Mabādiʾ 1430:Mabādiʾ 1363:Mashhad 1347:physics 1339:Ishraqi 1327:Imamate 1312:Persian 1292:ijtihad 1218:Öljaitü 1215:Il khan 1139:Baghdad 959:Hadiths 945:ijtihad 839:Ijtihad 824:Allamah 816: ( 801: ( 722:Alevism 696:Shaykhi 684:Akhbari 674:Ja'fari 644:Samarra 634:Mashhad 629:Karbala 564:Tabarri 559:Tawalli 487:Ijtihad 427:Imamate 417:Justice 377:al-Naqi 372:al-Taqi 367:ar-Rida 313:Fatimah 219:Ijtihad 7483:Zahiri 7473:Maliki 7463:Hanafi 7439:Thawab 7419:Sunnah 7344:Other 7300:Hizmet 7264:Zikris 7235:Dönmes 7225:Lahori 7191:Muslim 7011:Rifa`i 6956:Ma'bad 6838:Tajsīm 6786:Tamsīl 6513:Ifrani 6453:Najdat 6356:Shayki 6325:Other 6293:Mazyar 6172:Khojas 6150:Nizari 6129:Hafizi 6090:Druzes 6071:  6015:Alians 5969:Ghulat 5449:Alawis 4716:Nabati 4681:Abdals 4663:Juzjan 4402:Maliki 4087:Sufism 4011:Ethics 3998:Aqidah 3990:Fields 3969:Fields 3607:Jewish 3339:Alcuin 2708:Tawḥīd 2668:ʻIrfān 2481:Ethics 2439:Aqidah 2426:Fields 2309:  2282:  2255:  2228:  2203:  2094:  2022:  1937:  1679:) and 1655:Tajrid 1632:akhbar 1626:hadith 1549:al-amr 1283:Tajrid 1267:Basran 1242:tafsir 1168:under 1127:Hillah 1070:Arabic 1058:Arabic 973:Reason 954:Qur'an 799:Marja' 767:Galibi 762:Rifa`i 667:Groups 619:Medina 492:Taqlid 457:Angels 342:Husayn 169:, and 159:hadith 155:tafsir 80:Hillah 70:, Iraq 68:Hillah 7424:Taqwa 6813:ī ad- 6811:Fāris 6465:Sufri 6288:Babak 6112:Alavi 6078:Hamza 6036:Imami 5927:Usuli 5900:Imami 5891:Islam 5875:Imami 5657:Sahwa 4720:Murjī 4714:ī an- 4665:ī al- 4656:Balkh 4380:Sunni 4377:Early 4049:Peace 4044:Logic 4016:Kalam 3977:Books 3689:Early 3295:Early 3114:20th– 2713:Ummah 2703:Shūrā 2698:Qiyās 2688:Qadar 2673:Ijmāʿ 2653:Iʻjaz 2570:Early 2524:Peace 2506:Logic 2487:Kalam 2072:. In 2000:. In 1914:Notes 1782:Alawi 1722:Najaf 1693:) of 1646:kalam 1603:Works 1585:sharʿ 1411:salat 1343:logic 1244:, or 1135:Sunni 1133:when 809:Hawza 691:Alevi 679:Usuli 624:Najaf 614:Mecca 544:Jihad 539:Khums 534:Zakat 519:Salat 497:Irfan 337:Hasan 221:into 151:Kalam 137:Creed 91:Islam 40:Title 6195:Shia 4592:Rumi 4034:‘Aql 3831:Late 3780:High 3541:Late 3044:Jami 2926:13th 2865:12th 2814:11th 2693:Qalb 2683:Nafs 2663:ʻIlm 2595:Sufi 2497:Fiqh 2307:ISBN 2280:ISBN 2253:ISBN 2226:ISBN 2201:ISBN 2092:ISBN 2020:ISBN 1935:ISBN 1657:and 1629:and 1581:ʿaql 1475:The 1407:hajj 1367:Imam 1206:the 1187:and 1164:and 1121:Life 1082:Arab 818:list 803:list 529:Hajj 524:Sawm 321:The 171:fiqh 167:usul 101:Arab 75:Died 63:Born 7278:'s 6511:al- 6477:al- 5469:of 5458:of 5447:of 5026:Ali 4678:Rum 4667:Kūf 4654:al- 2648:Ḥāl 2450:Aql 2084:doi 2012:doi 1768:Ali 1671:'s 1409:or 1257:). 1100:”. 961:of 794:Law 654:Qom 332:Ali 279:on 107:Era 7508:: 7382:– 7373:– 7298:– 7262:– 7242:– 7009:– 7000:– 6991:– 6978:– 6363:– 6347:– 6217:– 6179:– 6166:– 6157:– 6138:– 6088:– 6067:– 6022:– 6013:– 5993:– 5980:– 5960:– 5768:– 5759:– 5746:– 5719:– 4669:ī 2736:CE 2339:^ 2115:^ 2090:. 2054:^ 2018:. 1740:. 1413:. 1349:, 1345:, 1180:. 1076:, 1072:: 1060:: 259:, 255:, 251:, 215:” 197:, 191:, 185:, 165:, 161:, 157:, 153:, 7459:: 7032:) 7028:( 6960:) 6954:( 6817:ī 6559:) 6547:( 6403:) 6399:( 5695:) 5691:( 5545:) 5541:( 4742:) 4738:( 4726:) 4722:- 4694:) 4690:( 4430:) 4426:( 4414:) 4410:( 4404:) 4400:( 4394:) 4390:( 4135:) 4131:( 3946:e 3939:t 3932:v 3360:" 3356:" 3305:" 3301:" 3271:e 3264:t 3257:v 2738:) 2448:' 2407:e 2400:t 2393:v 2315:. 2288:. 2261:. 2234:. 2209:. 2100:. 2086:: 2038:" 2028:. 2014:: 1943:. 1885:. 1871:. 1851:“ 1818:. 1788:. 1728:( 1716:( 1700:( 1685:( 1675:( 1535:( 1253:( 1068:( 1056:( 1042:e 1035:t 1028:v 820:) 805:) 20:)

Index

Allama Hilli
Hillah
Hillah
Islam
Arab
Islamic Golden Age
Shia Islam
Ja'fari school
Twelver Shi'ism
Kalam
tafsir
hadith
ilm ar-rijal
usul
fiqh
Nahj al-Haq wa Kashf al-Sedq
Tadhkirat al-Fuqahā
Minhaj al-Karamah
Kashf al-Yaqin
Ayatollah
Ijtihad
Shi'i jurisprudence
Shia Islam
Muhaqqiq al-Hilli
Maitham Al Bahrani
Najm al-Dīn al-Qazwīnī al-Kātibī
Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
a series
Shia Islam
Twelver Shi'ism

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