Alligator - Knowledge

1577: 1198: 1556:, it is capable of short bursts of speed, especially in very short lunges. Alligators' main prey are smaller animals they can kill and eat with a single bite. They may kill larger prey by grabbing it and dragging it into the water to drown. Alligators consume food that cannot be eaten in one bite by allowing it to rot or by biting and then performing a "death roll", spinning or convulsing wildly until bite-sized chunks are torn off. Critical to the alligator's ability to initiate a death roll, the tail must flex to a significant angle relative to its body. An alligator with an immobilized tail cannot perform a death roll. 1274: 1262: 1756:. It is believed this portion of the stomach serves a similar function as it does in the gizzard of some species of birds, to aid in digestion. The gastroliths work to grind up the meal as alligators will take large bites or swallow smaller prey whole. This process makes digestion and nutrient absorption easier once the food reaches the second portion of the stomach. Once an alligator's meal has been processed it will move on to the second portion of the stomach which is highly acidic. The acidity of the stomach has been observed to increase once digestion begins. This is due to the increase in CO 1842: 1984: 1651: 6871: 2014: 1665: 1530: 2026: 6866: 2038: 1999: 1412: 6026: 121: 146: 1722: 1910:: Alligators have wider, shovel-like, U-shaped snouts, while crocodile snouts are typically more pointed or V-shaped. The alligators' broader snouts have been contentiously thought to allow their jaws to withstand the stress of cracking open the shells of turtles and other hard-shelled animals that are widespread in their environments. A 2012 study found very little correlation between bite force and snout shape amongst 23 tested crocodilian species. 6031: 1087: 1112: 1904:: The easiest way to distinguish crocodiles from alligators is by looking at their jaw line. The teeth on the lower jaw of an alligator fit into sockets in the upper jaw, leaving only the upper teeth visible when the mouth is closed. The teeth on the lower jaw of a crocodile fit into grooves on the outside of the top jaw, making both the upper and lower teeth visible when the mouth is closed, thus creating a "toothy grin." 4903: 2057: 1679: 1928:, those in most alligators and caimans have lost this ability, or excrete it in only extremely small quantities. The ability to excrete excess salt allows crocodiles to better tolerate life in saline water and migrating through it. Because alligators and caimans have lost this ability, they are largely restricted to freshwater habitats, although larger alligators do sometimes live in 1949:(DPRs) surrounding their upper and lower jaws. These organs allow crocodilians to detect minor pressure changes in surrounding water, and assist them in locating and capturing prey. In crocodiles, however, such organs extend over nearly the entire body. Crocodile ISOs may also assist in detection of local salinity, or serve other 1790:, where the animal begins to consume its fat reserves to maintain its body weight until it can acquire a sufficient meal. There is also fluctuation in the level of bacterial taxa populations in the alligator's microbial community between seasons which helps the alligator cope with different rates of feeding and activity. 2401:

Gongora J, Moran C, Iriarte A, McCormack J, Burgess SC, Edwards SV, Lyons E, Williams C, Breen M, Howard JT, Gresham CR, Peterson DG, Schmitz J, Pollock DD, Haussler D, Triplett EW, Zhang G, Irie N, Jarvis ED, Brochu CA, Schmidt CJ, McCarthy FM, Faircloth BC, Hoffmann FG, Glenn TC, Gabaldón T, Paten B, Ray DA (2014).

1709:

predators and assists the hatchlings to water. She will provide protection to the young for about a year if they remain in the area. Adult alligators regularly cannibalize younger individuals, though estimates of the rate of cannibalism vary widely. In the past, immediately following the outlawing of alligator

1703:

in the nest and is fixed within seven to 21 days of the start of incubation. Incubation temperatures of 30 °C (86 °F) or lower produce a clutch of females; those of 34 °C (93 °F) or higher produce entirely males. Nests constructed on leaves are hotter than those constructed on wet

1708:

helps it get out of its egg during hatching time. The natural sex ratio at hatching is five females to one male. Females hatched from eggs incubated at 30 °C (86 °F) weigh significantly more than males hatched from eggs incubated at 34 °C (93 °F). The mother defends the nest from

1691:

Alligators generally mature at a length of 1.8 m (6 ft). The mating season is in late spring. In April and May, alligators form so-called "bellowing choruses". Large groups of animals bellow together for a few minutes a few times a day, usually one to three hours after sunrise. The bellows

1395:

valley and parts of adjacent provinces and is extremely endangered, with only a few dozen believed to be left in the wild. Far more Chinese alligators live in zoos around the world than can be found in the wild. Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge in southern Louisiana has several in captivity in an attempt

2400:

Green RE, Braun EL, Armstrong J, Earl D, Nguyen N, Hickey G, Vandewege MW, St John JA, Capella-Gutiérrez S, Castoe TA, Kern C, Fujita MK, Opazo JC, Jurka J, Kojima KK, Caballero J, Hubley RM, Smit AF, Platt RN, Lavoie CA, Ramakodi MP, Finger JW, Suh A, Isberg SR, Miles L, Chong AY, Jaratlerdsiri W,

1209:

An average adult American alligator's weight and length is 360 kg (790 lb) and 4 m (13 ft), but they sometimes grow to 4.4 m (14 ft) long and weigh over 450 kg (990 lb). The largest ever recorded, found in Louisiana, measured 5.84 m (19.2 ft). The

1777:

that are not fully understood yet, but can be attributed to both benefits and costs to the animal. These microorganisms can be found in the high surface area of the mucosa folds of the intestines, as well as throughout the digestive tract. Benefits include better total health and stronger immune

1769:

concentration which aids in increasing gastric acid secretions during digestion. The alligator's metabolism will also increase after a meal by up to four times its basal metabolic rate. Alligators also have highly folded mucosa in the lining of the intestines to further aid in the absorption of

1567:

Alligators are generally timid towards humans and tend to walk or swim away if one approaches. This may encourage people to approach alligators and their nests, which can provoke the animals into attacking. In Florida, feeding wild alligators at any time is illegal. If fed, the alligators will

1548:

Alligators move on land by two forms of locomotion, referred to as "sprawl" and "high walk". The sprawl is a forward movement with the belly making contact with the ground and is used to transition to "high walk" or to slither over wet substrate into water. The high walk is an up-on-four-limbs

1760:

concentration of the blood, resulting from the right to left shunting of the alligators heart. The right to left shunt of the heart in alligators means the circulatory system will recirculate blood through the body instead of back to the lungs. The re-circulation of blood leads to higher

1380:. When they construct alligator holes in the wetlands, they increase plant diversity and provide habitat for other animals during droughts. They are, therefore, considered an important species for maintaining ecological diversity in wetlands. Farther west, in Louisiana, heavy grazing by 1559:

Most of the muscle in an alligator's jaw evolved to bite and grip prey. The muscles that close the jaws are powerful, but the muscles for opening their jaws are weak. As a result, an adult human can hold an alligator's jaws shut bare-handed. It is common to use several wraps of

1549:

forward motion used for overland travel with the belly well up from the ground. Alligators have also been observed to rise up and balance on their hind legs and semi-step forward as part of a forward or upward lunge. However, they can not walk on their hind legs.

1544:

animals. Smaller alligators can often be found in large numbers close to each other. The largest of the species (both males and females) defend prime territory; smaller alligators have a higher tolerance for other alligators within a similar size class.

1469: 1213:

Adult alligators are black or dark olive-brown with white undersides, while juveniles have bright yellow or whitish stripes which sharply contrast against their dark hides, providing them additional camouflage amongst reeds and wetland grasses.

1871:, and other leather items. Alligators also provide economic benefits through the ecotourism industry. Visitors may take swamp tours, in which alligators are a feature. Their most important economic benefit to humans may be the control of 3492:

Romão, Mariluce Ferreira; Santos, André Luiz Quagliatto; Lima, Fabiano Campos; De Simone, Simone Salgueiro; Silva, Juliana Macedo Magnino; Hirano, Líria Queiroz; Vieira, Lucélia Gonçalves; Pinto, José Guilherme Souza (March 2011).

1627:

throughout their distribution. In this role as a top predator, it may determine the abundance of prey species, including turtles and nutrias. As humans encroach into their habitat, attacks are few but not unknown. Alligators,

1341:. Louisiana has the largest alligator population. The majority of American alligators inhabit Florida and Louisiana, with over a million alligators in each state. Southern Florida is the only place where both alligators and 2904:

Keddy PA, Gough L, Nyman JA, McFalls T, Carter J, Siegnist J (2009). "Alligator hunters, pelt traders, and runaway consumption of Gulf coast marshes: a trophic cascade perspective on coastal wetland losses". pp. 115–133.

2247:

Pan, T.; Miao, J.-S.; Zhang, H.-B.; Yan, P.; Lee, P.-S.; Jiang, X.-Y.; Ouyang, J.-H.; Deng, Y.-P.; Zhang, B.-W.; Wu, X.-B. (2020). "Near-complete phylogeny of extant Crocodylia (Reptilia) using mitogenome-based data".

1785:

the process of digestion experiences changes due to the fasting most alligators experience during these periods of inactivity. Alligators that go long enough without a meal during brumation will begin a process called

2199: 1435: 1468: 1741:. As the alveoli represent dead-ends to flow, the inspired air must move back out the same way it came in. In contrast, air in alligator lungs makes a circuit, moving in only one direction through the 1797:

of bony scutes. The dermal bones are highly vascularised and aid in calcium balance, both to neutralize acids while the animal cannot breathe underwater and to provide calcium for eggshell formation.

1498: 1745:. The air first enters the outer branch, moves through the parabronchi, and exits the lung through the inner branch. Oxygen exchange takes place in extensive vasculature around the parabronchi. 1433: 1765:

concentration as well as lower oxygen affinity. There is evidence to suggest that there is increased blood flow diverted to the stomach during digestion to facilitate an increase in CO

1466: 1696:. Another form of male display is a loud head-slap. In 2010, on spring nights alligators were found to gather in large numbers for group courtship, the so-called "alligator dances". 1496: 1959:: Crocodiles are generally thought of as more aggressive than alligators. Only six of the 23 crocodilian species are considered dangerous to adult human beings, most notably the 3495:"Anatomical and Topographical Description of the Digestive System of Caiman crocodilus (Linnaeus 1758), Melanosuchus niger (Spix 1825) and Paleosuchus palpebrosus (Cuvier 1807)" 2881:

Craighead, F. C., Sr. (1968). The role of the alligator in shaping plant communities and maintaining wildlife in the southern Everglades. The Florida Naturalist, 41, 2–7, 69–74.

2085: 1210:

Chinese alligator is smaller, rarely exceeding 2.1 m (7 ft) in length. Additionally, it weighs considerably less, with males rarely over 45 kg (100 lb).

3443:

Tracy, Christopher R.; McWhorter, Todd J.; Gienger, C. M.; Starck, J. Matthias; Medley, Peter; Manolis, S. Charlie; Webb, Grahame J. W.; Christian, Keith A. (2015-12-01).

2720: 1434: 1467: 4159:

Erickson, G. M.; Gignac, P. M.; Steppan, S. J.; Lappin, A. K.; Vliet, K. A.; Brueggen, J. A.; Inouye, B. D.; Kledzik, D.; Webb, G. J. W. (2012). Claessens, Leon (ed.).

1699:

In summer, the female builds a nest of vegetation where the decomposition of the vegetation provides the heat needed to incubate the eggs. The sex of the offspring is

3233: 2206: 1497: 6805: 6579: 1733:

are believed to exhibit bidirectional, or tidal breathing. For a tidal breathing animal, such as a mammal, air flows into and out of the lungs through branching

1388:

is causing severe damage to coastal wetlands. Large alligators feed extensively on nutrias, and provide a vital ecological service by reducing nutria numbers.

6603: 4264: 3104: 7004: 6789: 6587: 6813: 2110:"Phylogenetic analysis of a new morphological dataset elucidates the evolutionary history of Crocodylia and resolves the long-standing gharial problem" 1241:

in 1937. Although no valid records exist about his date of birth, as of 2012, he was in his 80s and possibly the oldest alligator living in captivity.

4219: 3035:

Fish, Frank E.; Bostic, Sandra A.; Nicastro, Anthony J.; Beneski, John T. (2007). "Death roll of the alligator: mechanics of twist feeding in water".

3154:

Bondavalli, C., and R. E. Ulanowicz. 1998. Unexpected effects of predators upon their prey: The case of the American alligator. Ecosystems 2: 49–63.

2532: 1221:, an American alligator who was hatched in 1936 in Mississippi and spent nearly a decade in Germany before spending the majority of his life at the 7171: 3942: 1713:, populations rebounded quickly due to the suppressed number of adults preying upon juveniles, increasing survival among the young alligators. 7197: 4939: 2890:

Keddy, P.A. 2010. Wetland Ecology: Principles and Conservation (2nd edition). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 497 p. Chapter 4.

1752:, with minor differences in morphology and enzyme activity. Alligators have a two-part stomach, with the first smaller portion containing 7287: 3690:"Modest Regulation of Digestive Performance Is Maintained through Early Ontogeny for the American Alligator, Alligator mississippiensis" 3132:

Wolfe, J. L., D. K. Bradshaw, and R. H. Chabreck. 1987. Alligator feeding habits: New data and a review. Northeast Gulf Science 9: 1–8.

2927:

Locomotion In Alligator Mississippiensis: Kinematic Effects Of Speed And Posture and Their Relevance To The Sprawling-to-Erect Paradigm

2230: 1983: 2361:"The complete mitochondrial genome of Alligator mississippiensis and the separation between recent archosauria (birds and crocodiles)" 1971:

is considered to be less aggressive. Only a few (unverified) cases of American crocodiles fatally attacking humans have been reported.

4765: 3164: 2037: 7145: 4161:"Insights into the ecology and evolutionary success of crocodilians revealed through bite-force and tooth-pressure experimentation" 1811:. These alligators are practically impossible to find in the wild. They could survive only in captivity and are few in number. The 7184: 1700: 3860:"Metagenomics Reveals Seasonal Functional Adaptation of the Gut Microbiome to Host Feeding and Fasting in the Chinese Alligator" 2872:

Dundee, H. A., and D. A. Rossman. 1989. The Amphibians and Reptiles of Louisiana. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press.

4756: 1576: 448:). Additionally, several extinct species of alligator are known from fossil remains. Alligators first appeared during the late 7297: 4068: 4041: 3445:"Alligators and Crocodiles Have High Paracellular Absorption of Nutrients, But Differ in Digestive Morphology and Physiology" 2622: 2561: 7189: 1998: 4301: 3537:

Malte, Christian Lind; Malte, Hans; Reinholdt, Lærke Rønlev; Findsen, Anders; Hicks, James W.; Wang, Tobias (2017-02-15).

4016: 3037: 2945: 2674: 4102: 1778:

system. However alligators are still vulnerable to microbial infections despite the immune boost from other microbiota.

2970: 1729:

Alligators, much like birds, have been shown to exhibit unidirectional movement of air through their lungs. Most other

4961: 3539:"Right-to-left shunt has modest effects on CO 2 delivery to the gut during digestion, but compromises oxygen delivery" 2013: 4143: 3112: 2699: 2178: 2025: 7236: 7024: 6903: 4932: 7202: 6925: 6865: 6198: 1587:

The type of food eaten by alligators depends upon their age and size. When young, alligators eat fish, insects,

6870: 6244: 6113: 1217:

No average lifespan for an alligator has been measured. One of the oldest recorded alligator lives was that of

6025: 1632:, do not immediately regard a human upon encounter as prey, but may still attack in self-defense if provoked. 7254: 1225:, where he died at the age of 83 or 84 on 22 May 2020. Another one of the oldest lives on record is that of 4227: 1426: 6981: 6105: 5272: 4925: 4255: 2540: 1897:

for distinguishing alligators from crocodiles, all of them admit exceptions. Such general rules include:

1459: 692: 456: 2197:, from late quaternary fossil deposits on Grand Cayman. Caribbean Journal of Science, 29(3–4), 153–164. 1967:. Each year, hundreds of deadly attacks are attributed to the Nile crocodile in sub-Saharan Africa. The 6976: 6326: 2005: 1103: 1093: 332: 277: 20: 3642: 3309:

Rootes, William L.; Chabreck, Robert H. (30 September 1993). "Cannibalism in the American Alligator".

2501:"Phylogenetic relationships of Necrosuchus ionensis Simpson, 1937 and the early history of caimanines" 145: 7241: 6298: 4268: 3988: 5944: 5265: 4526: 4294: 4056: 3956:

Dacke, C.; Elsey, R.; Trosclair, P.; Sugiyama, T.; Nevarez, Javier; Schweitzer, Mary (2015-09-01).

1990: 1812: 1581: 6030: 2770: 527:, published in 2014, suggests that the alligator evolved much more slowly than mammals and birds. 283: 7292: 6319: 3596:"Effects of feeding on arterial blood gases in the American alligator Alligator mississippiensis" 3010: 2670: 1298: 3918: 2812: 2614:

Physics of the Future: How Science Will Shape Human Destiny And Our Daily Lives by the Year 2100

2277:"A time-calibrated species tree of Crocodylia reveals a recent radiation of the true crocodiles" 7282: 7228: 7046: 6829: 6312: 4718: 4646: 2324:

Brochu, C.A. (1999). "Phylogenetics, taxonomy, and historical biogeography of Alligatoroidea".

1489: 1273: 1261: 7176: 4058: 3797:"Detection and analysis of autophagy in the American alligator ( Alligator mississippiensis )" 3796: 3378: 1845:

Edward H. Mitchell, "The Joy Ride" at the California Alligator Farm, Los Angeles, California,

1770:

nutrients. The folds result in greater surface area for the nutrients to be absorbed through.

7223: 6782: 6595: 6471: 5108: 5028: 4535: 4031: 3141:

Gabrey, S. W. 2005. Impacts of the coypu removal program on the diet of American alligators (

2612: 2170: 2163: 645: 625: 7215: 3145:) in south Louisiana. Report to Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, New Orleans. 1615:

if they are sufficiently hungry. In some cases, larger alligators are known to ambush dogs,

1607:

and muskrats, as well as birds, deer, and other reptiles. Their stomachs also often contain

7119: 7093: 6305: 5994: 5987: 5937: 5735: 4664: 4637: 4628: 4469: 4172: 3808: 3643:"Feeding alters blood flow patterns in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)" 3392: 3267: 2463: 1841: 1178: 820: 520: 362: 4273: 2377: 2360: 8: 7084: 6918: 5973: 5700: 4798: 4682: 4287: 4103:"FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS: What's the difference between a crocodile and an alligator?" 3336:

Delany, Michael F; Woodward, Allan R; Kiltie, Richard A; Moore, Clinton T (20 May 2011).

3252:

Mark W. J. Ferguson; Ted Joanen (1982). "Temperature of egg incubation determines sex in

3034: 2975: 2926: 2450:

Hastings, A. K.; Bloch, J. I.; Jaramillo, C. A.; Rincon, A. F.; MacFadden, B. J. (2013).

1964: 1704:

marsh, so the former tend to produce males and the latter, females. The baby alligator's

1143: 540: 305: 4176: 3812: 3444: 3396: 3271: 2467: 7277: 6966: 6837: 6746: 6738: 6464: 5742: 5721: 5714: 5375: 5251: 5055: 4691: 4601: 4406: 4195: 4160: 4158: 3894: 3859: 3840: 3725: 3689: 3576: 3416: 3359: 3354: 3337: 3318: 3291: 3191: 3062: 2481: 2427: 2402: 2341: 2306: 2138: 2109: 1968: 1738: 1620: 1564:

to prevent an adult alligator from opening its jaws when being handled or transported.

1541: 1310: 1218: 1185: 1164: 1157: 1118: 971: 948: 928: 665: 504: 433: 379: 369: 342: 325: 140: 129: 3647:

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology

1650: 1197: 7210: 7106: 6986: 6961: 6753: 6252: 6219: 5980: 5707: 5512: 4709: 4619: 4460: 4415: 4200: 4139: 4064: 4037: 3957: 3936: 3899: 3881: 3844: 3832: 3824: 3777: 3769: 3729: 3717: 3709: 3670: 3662: 3623: 3615: 3568: 3560: 3516: 3474: 3466: 3420: 3408: 3383: 3283: 3054: 2980: 2846:"Species Profile: American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) – SREL Herpetology" 2618: 2517: 2500: 2432: 2382: 2298: 2293: 2276: 2224: 2174: 2143: 1856: 1836: 1794: 1150: 904: 847: 500: 441: 315: 133: 6933: 3511: 3494: 3363: 2747: 2485: 1664: 1599:. As they mature, progressively larger prey is taken, including larger fish such as 7009: 6731: 5966: 5829: 5792: 5728: 5623: 5489: 4673: 4610: 4190: 4180: 3969: 3889: 3871: 3816: 3759: 3748:"The Good, the Bad, and the Unknown: Microbial Symbioses of the American Alligator" 3701: 3654: 3607: 3550: 3506: 3456: 3400: 3349: 3295: 3275: 3258: 3200: 3066: 3046: 2807: 2765: 2512: 2471: 2422: 2414: 2403:"Three crocodilian genomes reveal ancestral patterns of evolution among archosaurs" 2372: 2333: 2310: 2288: 2257: 2133: 2123: 1629: 1568:

eventually lose their fear of humans and will learn to associate humans with food.

1226: 1171: 874: 759: 739: 559: 467:, the Spanish term for "the lizard", which early Spanish explorers and settlers in 412: 352: 213: 200: 7098: 4057:

Martin, Roy E.; Carter, Emily Paine; Flick, George J. Jr.; Davis, Lynn M. (2000).

3580: 3221: 2789: 2569: 7111: 7029: 7019: 6821: 6797: 6760: 6680: 6428: 6155: 5914: 5899: 5864: 5807: 5677: 5533: 5478: 5295: 5279: 4907: 4789: 4700: 4348: 4259: 4185: 2638: 2476: 2451: 2261: 2062: 1868: 1616: 1529: 419: 3594:

Busk, M.; Overgaard, J.; Hicks, J. W.; Bennett, A. F.; Wang, T. (October 2000).

2845: 515:. The modern American alligator is well represented in the fossil record of the 120: 7014: 6911: 6694: 6672: 6414: 6406: 6364: 6162: 6097: 6083: 5956: 5669: 5653: 5582: 5540: 5498: 5470: 5448: 5405: 5340: 5327: 5302: 5287: 5258: 5189: 5145: 5130: 4655: 4451: 3658: 2070: 1960: 1917: 1882: 1832: 1828: 1442: 1377: 1326: 1322: 1202: 779: 260: 3004: 2939: 2664: 2193:

Morgan, G. S., Richard, F., & Crombie, R. I. (1993). The Cuban crocodile,

1924:

on their tongues, but while these organs still excrete salt in crocodiles and

507:

about 33 million years ago and probably descended from a lineage that crossed

7271: 7069: 6892: 6724: 6717: 6702: 6687: 6650: 6636: 6548: 6533: 6525: 6442: 6421: 6392: 6385: 6378: 6268: 6182: 6170: 6120: 6090: 6075: 6061: 5843: 5814: 5784: 5646: 5615: 5602: 5590: 5574: 5556: 5519: 5419: 5243: 5221: 4876: 4736: 4478: 4379: 4364: 4279: 4110: 3885: 3876: 3828: 3801:

Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution

3773: 3713: 3666: 3619: 3564: 3520: 3470: 2984: 2798: 2756: 1894: 1855:

Alligators are raised commercially for their meat and their skin, which when

1624: 1392: 1287: 610: 581: 562: 543: 415: 243: 233: 78: 3611: 3404: 3080: 3006:

Alligator Attacks White Ibis Chick & Jumps Vertically at Pinckney Island

2418: 1941:: Both crocodiles and alligators have small, pit-like sensory organs called 1721: 1538: 6887: 6710: 6643: 6556: 6541: 6508: 6497: 6449: 6231: 6141: 6128: 6048: 5927: 5878: 5871: 5799: 5661: 5638: 5463: 5455: 5426: 5368: 5361: 5236: 5121: 5013: 4988: 4582: 4567: 4502: 4493: 4204: 4133: 3958:"Alligator osteoderms as a source of labile calcium for eggshell formation" 3903: 3836: 3781: 3721: 3674: 3627: 3595: 3572: 3478: 3412: 3205: 3186: 3058: 2590: 2436: 2302: 2147: 1950: 1230: 547: 426: 269: 3287: 2745: 2386: 2165:

Spanish Word Histories and Mysteries: English Words That Come From Spanish

7158: 7078: 6665: 6658: 6456: 6435: 6399: 6371: 6350: 5892: 5885: 5857: 5850: 5836: 5777: 5630: 5566: 5526: 5505: 5433: 5412: 5354: 5228: 5196: 5153: 4780: 4517: 4342: 3764: 3747: 3461: 2835:"Trappers catch crocodile in Lake Tarpon", Tampa Bay Times, July 12, 2013 2608: 2452:"Systematics and biogeography of crocodylians from the Miocene of Panama" 1816: 1742: 1318: 712: 516: 53: 3820: 2721:"Muja the alligator still alive and snapping in his 80s at Belgrade Zoo" 2128: 7150: 6971: 6619: 6483: 6288: 6212: 6205: 6191: 5770: 5387: 5167: 5067: 4979: 4949: 4917: 4830: 4592: 4311: 3555: 3538: 3322: 3165:"Can Animals Predict Disaster? – Listening to Infrasound | Nature" 3050: 2591:"Crocodilian Species – American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)" 2345: 1921: 1774: 1753: 1693: 1608: 1592: 1553: 1521: 1349: 1330: 1222: 596: 551: 496: 422: 223: 98: 63: 43: 4029: 3973: 1800:

Alligators have muscular, flat tails that propel them while swimming.

7163: 7132: 6943: 6569: 5907: 5174: 5040: 4867: 4747: 3279: 2639:"Berlin WW2 bombing survivor Saturn the alligator dies in Moscow Zoo" 1787: 1782: 1749: 1705: 1561: 1397: 1342: 1306: 570: 566: 157: 103: 38: 7040: 3858:

Tang, Ke-Yi; Wang, Zhen-Wei; Wan, Qiu-Hong; Fang, Sheng-Guo (2019).

2337: 1229:, an American alligator who was brought as an adult specimen to the 1086: 7137: 7063: 6772: 6260: 5821: 5441: 5181: 4997: 4973: 4843: 4336: 4330: 4324: 3705: 1932: 1338: 1334: 1111: 508: 492: 471:

called the alligator. Early English spellings of the name included

177: 93: 88: 73: 68: 58: 47: 1692:

of male American alligators are accompanied by powerful blasts of

7249: 6947: 5160: 4852: 4362: 3021: 2956: 2685: 2080: 1925: 1876: 1864: 1860: 1808: 1734: 1730: 1710: 1612: 1385: 1361: 1314: 1302: 1238: 555: 512: 488: 468: 429: 399: 292: 187: 108: 83: 4276:; made available for public use by the State Archives of Florida 3688:

Kay, Jarren C.; Elsey, Ruth M.; Secor, Stephen M. (2020-05-01).

6939: 5757: 4967: 4433: 3641:

Findsen, Anders; Crossley, Dane A.; Wang, Tobias (2018-01-01).

2075: 1872: 1804: 1604: 1509: 1480: 1450: 1381: 1234: 524: 449: 167: 7124: 4252: 2666:

Hitler's Alligator - The Last German Prisoner of War in Russia

2160: 2086:

List of fatal alligator attacks in the United States by decade

16:

Crocodilian in the genus Alligator of the family Alligatoridae

5203: 3251: 3081:"Crocodilian Captive Care FAQ (Caiman, Alligator, Crocodile)" 2114: 1819:

has leucistic alligators found in a Louisiana swamp in 1987.

1588: 1373: 1365: 1357: 1291: 1128: 403: 4131: 4096: 4094: 4092: 4090: 4088: 4086: 4084: 4082: 4080: 3338:"Mortality of American Alligators Attributed to Cannibalism" 2449: 1748:

The alligator has a similar digestive system to that of the

6276: 5138: 3955: 3442: 1929: 1678: 1596: 1400:

in Florida also has a breeding pair of Chinese alligators.

1369: 1353: 3536: 4565: 4077: 3593: 3335: 3184: 2929:

The Journal of Experimental Biology 201, 2559–2574 (1998)

2108:

Rio, Jonathan P.; Mannion, Philip D. (6 September 2021).

1600: 1505: 1476: 1446: 3491: 3376: 2912:

Silliman BR, Grosholz ED, Bertness MD (editors) (2009).

2916:. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. 2746:

Elsey, R.; Woodward, A.; Balaguera-Reina, S.A. (2019).

2399: 3917:

Wednesday, 25 April 2012 Anna SallehABC (2012-04-25).

499:(about 53 million to about 65 million years ago). The 3795:

Hale, Amber; Merchant, Mark; White, Mary (May 2020).

2868: 2866: 1391:

The Chinese alligator currently is found in only the

1201:

An 1854 watercolor painting of an alligator from the

2358: 2052: 2043:

Juvenile alligator found in Everglades National Park

952: 932: 878: 851: 824: 783: 763: 743: 716: 696: 669: 649: 629: 375: 358: 348: 338: 321: 311: 301: 3640: 3379:"Unidirectional Airflow in the Lungs of Alligators" 2914:

Human Impacts on Salt Marshes: A Global Perspective

1552:Although the alligator has a heavy body and a slow 2863: 2162: 1975: 1737:which terminate in small dead-end chambers called 3794: 7269: 4063:. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. p. 277. 4030:International Food Information Service (2009). 3857: 3222:"Nocturnal behavior of the American Alligator ( 2787: 2246: 4309: 4033:IFIS Dictionary of Food Science and Technology 3308: 2492: 1888: 6919: 5338: 4933: 4295: 3687: 2771:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T46583A3009637.en 1603:, turtles, and various mammals, particularly 461: 4274:Interview with a Seminole alligator wrestler 4011: 4009: 2900: 2898: 2896: 1793:Like other crocodilians, alligators have an 558:). Together, these two subfamilies form the 5012: 4766:Central African slender-snouted crocodile ( 3941:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 3745: 3377:Farmer, C. G.; Sanders, K. (January 2010). 3187:"Social Displays of the American Alligator" 2813:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T867A3146005.en 2533:"American Alligator and our National Parks" 2326:Memoir (Society of Vertebrate Paleontology) 6926: 6912: 4940: 4926: 4302: 4288: 3746:Keenan, S. W.; Elsey, R. M. (2015-04-17). 3219: 2443: 2107: 119: 4590: 4220:"American Crocodile: Species Description" 4194: 4184: 4125: 4006: 3919:"Antacid armour key to tetrapod survival" 3916: 3893: 3875: 3763: 3554: 3510: 3460: 3353: 3204: 2893: 2811: 2769: 2516: 2505:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2475: 2426: 2376: 2292: 2250:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2242: 2240: 2137: 2127: 2103: 2101: 4947: 4757:West African slender snouted crocodile ( 4395: 4211: 3433:Science News; February 13, 2010; Page 11 2154: 1935:and in very rare cases in coastal areas. 1840: 1720: 1643:Different stages of alligator life-cycle 1575: 1528: 1196: 491:split in North America during the early 4132:Grigg, Gordon; Kirshner, David (2015). 4060:Marine and Freshwater Products Handbook 3226:) in the wild during the mating season" 2268: 2161:American Heritage Dictionaries (2007). 1684:An adult with juveniles of various ages 452:epoch about 37 million years ago. 7270: 5107: 4265:Photo exhibit on alligators in Florida 3980: 3532: 3530: 2498: 2323: 2237: 2229:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 2169:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 2098: 1803:The two kinds of white alligators are 7045: 7044: 6907: 6046: 5325: 5106: 4960: 4921: 4828: 4827: 4564: 4361: 4283: 4135:Biology and Evolution of Crocodylians 4036:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 15. 3741: 3739: 3694:Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 2826:2005 Scholastic Book of World Records 2783: 2781: 2378:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025736 1297:American alligators are found in the 523:was sequenced in the 1990s. The full 7255:B9D78057-BBFE-4468-82BD-78FCE4AEF1CA 4152: 3185:Garrick, L. D.; Lang, J. W. (1977). 2607: 2274: 4100: 3949: 3752:Integrative and Comparative Biology 3600:The Journal of Experimental Biology 3543:The Journal of Experimental Biology 3527: 3499:International Journal of Morphology 3449:Integrative and Comparative Biology 3038:The Journal of Experimental Biology 2971:"Answers to Some Nagging Questions" 2799:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2757:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 13: 7288:Extant Oligocene first appearances 5326: 3986: 3736: 3355:10.1655/herpetologica-d-10-00040.1 2778: 2456:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 1520:Problems playing these files? See 1410: 1286:Alligators are native only to the 455:The name "alligator" is likely an 14: 7309: 4246: 4217: 7025:Famous crocodiles and alligators 6869: 6864: 6047: 6029: 6024: 4901: 2617:. Doubleday. pp. 150, 151. 2518:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00716.x 2294:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01373.x 2055: 2036: 2024: 2012: 1997: 1982: 1902:Exposed vs. interdigitated teeth 1725:A rare albino alligator swimming 1677: 1663: 1649: 1494: 1464: 1431: 1272: 1260: 1110: 1085: 144: 51: 4050: 4023: 3910: 3851: 3788: 3681: 3634: 3587: 3512:10.4067/s0717-95022011000100016 3485: 3436: 3427: 3370: 3329: 3302: 3245: 3213: 3178: 3157: 3148: 3135: 3126: 3097: 3073: 3028: 3013:from the original on 2021-12-12 2997: 2963: 2948:from the original on 2021-07-10 2932: 2919: 2884: 2875: 2838: 2829: 2820: 2739: 2713: 2700:"Oldest alligator in the world" 2692: 2677:from the original on 2021-06-14 2657: 2631: 2601: 2583: 2554: 2525: 2365:Molecular Biology and Evolution 2359:Janke, A.; Arnason, U. (1997). 1976:Image gallery of extant species 1859:is used for the manufacture of 1635: 2393: 2352: 2317: 2187: 2019:Gator in Louisiana bayou swims 1192: 1: 4611:Hall's New Guinea crocodile ( 4224:Yale EEB Herpetology Web Page 2091: 2031:Gator in Louisiana bayou eats 1916:: Crocodilians have modified 1846: 1822: 1773:Alligators also have complex 1701:determined by the temperature 7298:Taxa named by Georges Cuvier 4186:10.1371/journal.pone.0031781 4107:Crocodilian Biology Database 2562:"Alligator mississippiensis" 2477:10.1080/02724634.2012.713814 1885:is also consumed by humans. 1348:American alligators live in 530: 482: 7: 6982:Madras Crocodile Bank Trust 4017:"Mississippi River Gallery" 3009:. Karen Marts. 2014-08-17. 2048: 1957:Less consistent differences 1889:Differences from crocodiles 1630:unlike the large crocodiles 1533:"High walk" of an alligator 1403: 693:Wannaganosuchus brachymanus 10: 7314: 6977:List of crurotarsan genera 4799:Osborn’s dwarf crocodile ( 3659:10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.09.001 3254:Alligator mississippiensis 3224:Alligator mississippiensis 3143:Alligator mississippiensis 2788:Jiang, H.; Wu, X. (2018). 2750:Alligator mississippiensis 2262:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa074 1943:integumentary sense organs 1939:Integumentary sense organs 1826: 1716: 1537:Large male alligators are 1337:, and the southern tip of 1333:, the southeast corner of 1244: 1136: 1104:Southeastern United States 1094:Alligator mississippiensis 1058: 968:Alligator mississippiensis 333:Alligator mississippiensis 278:Alligator mississippiensis 21:Alligator (disambiguation) 18: 7053: 6995: 6954: 6882: 6862: 6770: 6631: 6618: 6567: 6520: 6507: 6492: 6481: 6359: 6348: 6286: 6239: 6230: 6181: 6150: 6139: 6070: 6059: 6055: 6042: 6022: 5954: 5925: 5765: 5756: 5688: 5610: 5601: 5554: 5488: 5400: 5396: 5385: 5349: 5334: 5321: 5213: 5120: 5116: 5102: 5066: 5048: 5039: 5021: 5008: 4956: 4897: 4865: 4841: 4837: 4823: 4778: 4745: 4735: 4581: 4577: 4560: 4515: 4491: 4449: 4432: 4378: 4374: 4357: 4319: 4269:State Archives of Florida 3989:"White albino alligators" 3864:Frontiers in Microbiology 2006:Canberra Zoo in Australia 1947:dermal pressure receptors 1908:Shape of the nose and jaw 1611:. They will even consume 1396:to preserve the species. 1063: 965: 945: 925: 918: 898: 891: 871: 864: 844: 837: 817: 810: 776: 760:Allognathosuchus wartheni 756: 740:Allognathosuchus polyodon 736: 729: 709: 689: 682: 662: 642: 622: 615: 593: 586: 298: 291: 275: 268: 141:Scientific classification 139: 127: 118: 30: 6199:"Crocodylus" gariepensis 4719:West African crocodile ( 4368:(Alligators and caimans) 4267:; made available by the 3877:10.3389/fmicb.2019.02409 1991:Everglades National Park 1813:Aquarium of the Americas 1582:Florida softshell turtle 1460:Another alligator bellow 1427:Alligator Bellow (sound) 1309:; the southern parts of 7005:Fatal alligator attacks 6472:"Tomistoma" lusitanicum 6245:"Crocodylus" megarhinus 6114:"Crocodylus" megarhinus 4768:Mecistops leptorhynchus 4536:Smooth-fronted caiman ( 4527:Cuvier's dwarf caiman ( 3612:10.1242/jeb.203.20.3117 3405:10.1126/science.1180219 3234:Herpetological Bulletin 2944:. Zooguy2. 2007-09-20. 2671:Mark Felton Productions 2419:10.1126/science.1254449 1914:Functioning salt glands 1580:Alligator feeding on a 1571: 1421:Alligator vocalisations 1299:southeast United States 519:. The alligator's full 4759:Mecistops cataphractus 4665:New Guinea crocodile ( 4638:Philippine crocodile ( 4629:Freshwater crocodile ( 4470:Broad-snouted caiman ( 2702:. b92.net. 9 July 2011 2499:Brochu, C. A. (2011). 1852: 1726: 1584: 1534: 1415: 1352:environments, such as 1206: 509:the Bering land bridge 462: 7224:Paleobiology Database 4683:Saltwater crocodile ( 4647:Morelet's crocodile ( 1844: 1724: 1579: 1532: 1414: 1205:by Jacques Burkhardt. 1200: 646:Hassiacosuchus haupti 626:Ceratosuchus burdoshi 6934:Related articles on 6747:"Tomistoma" coppensi 6739:"Tomistoma" cairense 6465:"Tomistoma" cairense 6106:"Crocodylus" affinis 5273:"Crocodylus" affinis 4602:American crocodile ( 4407:American alligator ( 4138:. CSIRO Publishing. 3606:(Pt 20): 3117–3124. 3206:10.1093/icb/17.1.225 2925:Reilly & Elias, 2764:: e.T46583A3009637. 2195:Crocodylus rhombifer 1345:live side by side. 1179:Alligator prenasalis 821:Alligator prenasalis 521:mitochondrial genome 363:Alligator prenasalis 19:For other uses, see 6754:"Tomistoma" dowsoni 4908:Reptiles portal 4710:Siamese crocodile ( 4620:Orinoco crocodile ( 4461:Spectacled caiman ( 4416:Chinese alligator ( 4409:A. mississippiensis 4177:2012PLoSO...731781E 3821:10.1002/jez.b.22936 3813:2020JEZB..334..192H 3397:2010Sci...327..338F 3272:1982Natur.296..850F 3220:Dinets, V. (2010). 2976:The Washington Post 2468:2013JVPal..33..239H 2275:Oaks, J.R. (2011). 2129:10.7717/peerj.12094 1965:saltwater crocodile 1253:A. mississippiensis 1144:Alligator hailensis 780:Procaimanoidea kayi 713:Arambourgia gaudryi 438:A. mississippiensis 306:Alligator hailensis 6967:Foramen of Panizza 6327:C. thorbjarnarsoni 5376:Listrognathosuchus 5252:Brachyuranochampsa 4692:Borneo crocodile ( 4674:Mugger crocodile ( 4258:2011-07-08 at the 4253:Crocodilian Online 4113:on 11 October 2012 3962:Journal of Zoology 3765:10.1093/icb/icv006 3556:10.1242/jeb.149625 3462:10.1093/icb/icv060 3192:American Zoologist 3051:10.1242/jeb.004267 2806:: e.T867A3146005. 2792:Alligator sinensis 1969:American crocodile 1853: 1727: 1623:, making them the 1585: 1535: 1475:Alligator bellow, 1416: 1207: 1186:Alligator thomsoni 1165:Alligator munensis 1158:Alligator mefferdi 1119:Alligator sinensis 1099:American alligator 972:American alligator 949:Alligator mefferdi 929:Alligator thomsoni 901:Alligator sinensis 666:Navajosuchus mooki 505:American alligator 434:American alligator 394:, or colloquially 380:Alligator thomsoni 370:Alligator sinensis 343:Alligator munensis 326:Alligator mefferdi 130:American alligator 7265: 7264: 7211:Open Tree of Life 7047:Taxon identifiers 7038: 7037: 7010:Crocodile attacks 6987:The Croc Festival 6962:Crocodilian armor 6901: 6900: 6878: 6877: 6860: 6859: 6856: 6855: 6852: 6851: 6848: 6847: 6614: 6613: 6344: 6343: 6340: 6339: 6336: 6335: 6299:C. anthropophagus 6038: 6037: 6020: 6019: 6016: 6015: 6012: 6011: 6008: 6007: 6004: 6003: 5752: 5751: 5550: 5549: 5513:Eurycephalosuchus 5317: 5316: 5313: 5312: 5266:"Crocodylus" acer 5098: 5097: 5094: 5093: 5090: 5089: 5086: 5085: 4915: 4914: 4893: 4892: 4889: 4888: 4819: 4818: 4815: 4814: 4811: 4810: 4790:Dwarf crocodile ( 4731: 4730: 4701:Cuban crocodile ( 4572: 4571:(True crocodiles) 4556: 4555: 4552: 4551: 4548: 4547: 4443: 4428: 4427: 4389: 4369: 4218:Pinou, Theodora. 4070:978-1-56676-889-4 4043:978-1-4051-8740-4 3974:10.1111/jzo.12272 3391:(5963): 338–340. 3266:(5860): 850–853. 3167:. PBS. 2004-12-26 3045:(16): 2811–2818. 2624:978-0-385-53080-4 2413:(6215): 1254449. 2287:(11): 3285–3297. 2004:Alligator in the 1989:Alligator in the 1837:Alligator leather 1499: 1470: 1436: 1151:Alligator mcgrewi 1134: 1133: 1124:Chinese alligator 1055: 1054: 1046: 1045: 1037: 1036: 1028: 1027: 1019: 1018: 1010: 1009: 1001: 1000: 992: 991: 983: 982: 905:Chinese alligator 848:Alligator mcgrewi 794: 793: 501:Chinese alligator 442:Chinese alligator 388: 387: 316:Alligator mcgrewi 264: 134:Chinese alligator 7305: 7258: 7257: 7245: 7244: 7232: 7231: 7219: 7218: 7206: 7205: 7193: 7192: 7180: 7179: 7167: 7166: 7154: 7153: 7141: 7140: 7128: 7127: 7115: 7114: 7102: 7101: 7089: 7088: 7087: 7074: 7073: 7072: 7042: 7041: 6928: 6921: 6914: 6905: 6904: 6873: 6868: 6830:G. pachyrhynchus 6732:Siquisiquesuchus 6629: 6628: 6518: 6517: 6490: 6489: 6357: 6356: 6237: 6236: 6148: 6147: 6068: 6067: 6057: 6056: 6044: 6043: 6033: 6028: 5995:C. wannlangstoni 5988:C. venezuelensis 5830:Globidentosuchus 5793:Centenariosuchus 5763: 5762: 5624:Allognathosuchus 5608: 5607: 5599: 5598: 5490:Orientalosuchina 5398: 5397: 5394: 5393: 5347: 5346: 5336: 5335: 5323: 5322: 5118: 5117: 5104: 5103: 5046: 5045: 5019: 5018: 5010: 5009: 5003: 5002: 4958: 4957: 4942: 4935: 4928: 4919: 4918: 4906: 4905: 4904: 4839: 4838: 4825: 4824: 4743: 4742: 4656:Nile crocodile ( 4588: 4587: 4579: 4578: 4570: 4562: 4561: 4447: 4446: 4442: 4441: 4437: 4393: 4392: 4388: 4387: 4383: 4376: 4375: 4367: 4359: 4358: 4304: 4297: 4290: 4281: 4280: 4240: 4239: 4237: 4235: 4226:. Archived from 4215: 4209: 4208: 4198: 4188: 4156: 4150: 4149: 4129: 4123: 4122: 4120: 4118: 4109:. Archived from 4098: 4075: 4074: 4054: 4048: 4047: 4027: 4021: 4020: 4013: 4004: 4003: 4001: 4000: 3987:Anitei, Stefan. 3984: 3978: 3977: 3953: 3947: 3946: 3940: 3932: 3930: 3929: 3914: 3908: 3907: 3897: 3879: 3855: 3849: 3848: 3792: 3786: 3785: 3767: 3743: 3734: 3733: 3685: 3679: 3678: 3638: 3632: 3631: 3591: 3585: 3584: 3558: 3534: 3525: 3524: 3514: 3489: 3483: 3482: 3464: 3440: 3434: 3431: 3425: 3424: 3374: 3368: 3367: 3357: 3333: 3327: 3326: 3306: 3300: 3299: 3280:10.1038/296850a0 3249: 3243: 3242: 3230: 3217: 3211: 3210: 3208: 3182: 3176: 3175: 3173: 3172: 3161: 3155: 3152: 3146: 3139: 3133: 3130: 3124: 3123: 3121: 3120: 3111:. Archived from 3101: 3095: 3094: 3092: 3091: 3077: 3071: 3070: 3032: 3026: 3025: 3019: 3018: 3001: 2995: 2994: 2992: 2991: 2967: 2961: 2960: 2954: 2953: 2936: 2930: 2923: 2917: 2902: 2891: 2888: 2882: 2879: 2873: 2870: 2861: 2860: 2858: 2856: 2842: 2836: 2833: 2827: 2824: 2818: 2817: 2815: 2785: 2776: 2775: 2773: 2743: 2737: 2736: 2734: 2732: 2727:. 15 August 2018 2717: 2711: 2710: 2708: 2707: 2696: 2690: 2689: 2683: 2682: 2661: 2655: 2654: 2652: 2650: 2635: 2629: 2628: 2605: 2599: 2598: 2587: 2581: 2580: 2578: 2577: 2568:. Archived from 2566:alligatorfur.com 2558: 2552: 2551: 2549: 2548: 2539:. Archived from 2529: 2523: 2522: 2520: 2496: 2490: 2489: 2479: 2447: 2441: 2440: 2430: 2397: 2391: 2390: 2380: 2356: 2350: 2349: 2321: 2315: 2314: 2296: 2272: 2266: 2265: 2256:(4): 1075–1089. 2244: 2235: 2234: 2228: 2220: 2218: 2217: 2211: 2205:. Archived from 2204: 2191: 2185: 2184: 2168: 2158: 2152: 2151: 2141: 2131: 2105: 2065: 2060: 2059: 2058: 2040: 2028: 2016: 2001: 1986: 1893:While there are 1851: 1848: 1681: 1667: 1653: 1617:Florida panthers 1501: 1500: 1472: 1471: 1438: 1437: 1413: 1376:, as well as in 1276: 1264: 1172:Alligator olseni 1114: 1089: 1068: 1067: 954: 934: 921: 920: 894: 893: 880: 875:Alligator olseni 867: 866: 853: 840: 839: 826: 813: 812: 785: 765: 745: 732: 731: 718: 698: 685: 684: 671: 651: 631: 618: 617: 589: 588: 577: 576: 569:below shows the 465: 377: 360: 353:Alligator olseni 350: 340: 323: 313: 303: 259: 214:Archosauriformes 201:Archosauromorpha 149: 148: 123: 113: 50: 41: 34:Temporal range: 28: 27: 7313: 7312: 7308: 7307: 7306: 7304: 7303: 7302: 7268: 7267: 7266: 7261: 7253: 7248: 7240: 7235: 7227: 7222: 7214: 7209: 7201: 7196: 7188: 7183: 7175: 7170: 7162: 7157: 7149: 7144: 7136: 7131: 7123: 7118: 7110: 7105: 7097: 7092: 7083: 7082: 7077: 7068: 7067: 7062: 7049: 7039: 7034: 7030:Sewer alligator 7020:Crocodile tears 6997: 6991: 6950: 6932: 6902: 6897: 6874: 6844: 6806:G. curvirostris 6783:G. bengawanicus 6766: 6761:Toyotamaphimeia 6681:Hesperogavialis 6622: 6610: 6563: 6511: 6503: 6486: 6477: 6429:Megadontosuchus 6353: 6332: 6320:C. palaeindicus 6282: 6226: 6177: 6156:Aldabrachampsus 6144: 6135: 6064: 6051: 6034: 6000: 5974:C. brevirostris 5950: 5921: 5915:Wannaganosuchus 5900:Stangerochampsa 5865:Orthogenysuchus 5808:Chinatichampsus 5748: 5684: 5678:Wannaganosuchus 5597: 5559: 5546: 5534:Orientalosuchus 5484: 5479:Stangerochampsa 5390: 5381: 5343: 5330: 5309: 5296:Prodiplocynodon 5280:Portugalosuchus 5209: 5112: 5082: 5062: 5035: 5004: 4963: 4962: 4952: 4946: 4916: 4911: 4902: 4900: 4885: 4877:False gharial ( 4861: 4833: 4807: 4774: 4739: 4727: 4667:C. novaeguineae 4573: 4544: 4511: 4487: 4479:Yacare caiman ( 4439: 4438: 4436: 4424: 4385: 4384: 4382: 4370: 4353: 4349:Crocodylomorpha 4315: 4308: 4260:Wayback Machine 4249: 4244: 4243: 4233: 4231: 4216: 4212: 4157: 4153: 4146: 4130: 4126: 4116: 4114: 4101:Britton, Adam. 4099: 4078: 4071: 4055: 4051: 4044: 4028: 4024: 4015: 4014: 4007: 3998: 3996: 3995:. softpedia.com 3985: 3981: 3954: 3950: 3934: 3933: 3927: 3925: 3915: 3911: 3856: 3852: 3793: 3789: 3744: 3737: 3686: 3682: 3639: 3635: 3592: 3588: 3535: 3528: 3490: 3486: 3455:(6): 986–1004. 3441: 3437: 3432: 3428: 3375: 3371: 3334: 3330: 3307: 3303: 3250: 3246: 3228: 3218: 3214: 3183: 3179: 3170: 3168: 3163: 3162: 3158: 3153: 3149: 3140: 3136: 3131: 3127: 3118: 3116: 3103: 3102: 3098: 3089: 3087: 3085:crocodilian.com 3079: 3078: 3074: 3033: 3029: 3016: 3014: 3003: 3002: 2998: 2989: 2987: 2969: 2968: 2964: 2951: 2949: 2938: 2937: 2933: 2924: 2920: 2903: 2894: 2889: 2885: 2880: 2876: 2871: 2864: 2854: 2852: 2844: 2843: 2839: 2834: 2830: 2825: 2821: 2786: 2779: 2744: 2740: 2730: 2728: 2719: 2718: 2714: 2705: 2703: 2698: 2697: 2693: 2680: 2678: 2663: 2662: 2658: 2648: 2646: 2637: 2636: 2632: 2625: 2606: 2602: 2595:crocodilian.com 2589: 2588: 2584: 2575: 2573: 2560: 2559: 2555: 2546: 2544: 2531: 2530: 2526: 2497: 2493: 2448: 2444: 2398: 2394: 2371:(12): 1266–72. 2357: 2353: 2338:10.2307/3889340 2322: 2318: 2273: 2269: 2245: 2238: 2222: 2221: 2215: 2213: 2209: 2202: 2200:"Archived copy" 2198: 2192: 2188: 2181: 2159: 2155: 2106: 2099: 2094: 2063:Reptiles portal 2061: 2056: 2054: 2051: 2044: 2041: 2032: 2029: 2020: 2017: 2008: 2002: 1993: 1987: 1978: 1918:salivary glands 1891: 1849: 1839: 1827:Main articles: 1825: 1768: 1764: 1759: 1719: 1689: 1688: 1687: 1686: 1685: 1682: 1673: 1672: 1671: 1668: 1659: 1658: 1657: 1654: 1645: 1644: 1638: 1574: 1527: 1526: 1518: 1516: 1515: 1514: 1513: 1504:Alligator hiss 1502: 1495: 1492: 1486: 1485: 1484: 1473: 1465: 1462: 1456: 1455: 1454: 1439: 1432: 1429: 1423: 1417: 1411: 1406: 1284: 1283: 1282: 1281: 1280: 1277: 1269: 1268: 1265: 1256: 1255: 1247: 1195: 1139: 1074:Scientific name 1066: 1061: 1056: 1047: 1038: 1029: 1020: 1011: 1002: 993: 984: 795: 573:of alligators. 546:, which is the 539:belongs to the 533: 503:split from the 487:Alligators and 485: 287: 281: 258: 143: 114: 112: 111: 106: 101: 96: 91: 86: 81: 76: 71: 66: 61: 56: 42: 36: 35: 32: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7311: 7301: 7300: 7295: 7293:Reptile genera 7290: 7285: 7280: 7263: 7262: 7260: 7259: 7246: 7233: 7220: 7207: 7194: 7181: 7168: 7155: 7142: 7129: 7116: 7103: 7090: 7075: 7059: 7057: 7051: 7050: 7036: 7035: 7033: 7032: 7027: 7022: 7017: 7015:Crocodile farm 7012: 7007: 7001: 6999: 6993: 6992: 6990: 6989: 6984: 6979: 6974: 6969: 6964: 6958: 6956: 6952: 6951: 6931: 6930: 6923: 6916: 6908: 6899: 6898: 6896: 6895: 6890: 6883: 6880: 6879: 6876: 6875: 6863: 6861: 6858: 6857: 6854: 6853: 6850: 6849: 6846: 6845: 6843: 6842: 6834: 6826: 6818: 6810: 6802: 6794: 6786: 6778: 6776: 6768: 6767: 6765: 6764: 6757: 6750: 6743: 6735: 6728: 6721: 6714: 6707: 6699: 6695:Maomingosuchus 6691: 6684: 6677: 6673:Harpacochampsa 6669: 6662: 6655: 6647: 6640: 6632: 6626: 6616: 6615: 6612: 6611: 6609: 6608: 6600: 6596:T. lusitanicum 6592: 6584: 6580:T. calaritanum 6575: 6573: 6565: 6564: 6562: 6561: 6553: 6545: 6538: 6530: 6521: 6515: 6505: 6504: 6502: 6501: 6493: 6487: 6482: 6479: 6478: 6476: 6475: 6468: 6461: 6453: 6446: 6439: 6432: 6425: 6418: 6415:Maomingosuchus 6411: 6407:Leptorrhamphus 6403: 6396: 6389: 6382: 6375: 6368: 6365:Dollosuchoides 6360: 6354: 6349: 6346: 6345: 6342: 6341: 6338: 6337: 6334: 6333: 6331: 6330: 6323: 6316: 6313:C. falconensis 6309: 6302: 6294: 6292: 6284: 6283: 6281: 6280: 6273: 6265: 6257: 6249: 6240: 6234: 6228: 6227: 6225: 6224: 6216: 6209: 6202: 6195: 6187: 6185: 6179: 6178: 6176: 6175: 6167: 6163:Dzungarisuchus 6159: 6151: 6145: 6140: 6137: 6136: 6134: 6133: 6125: 6117: 6110: 6102: 6098:Australosuchus 6094: 6087: 6084:Antecrocodylus 6080: 6071: 6065: 6060: 6053: 6052: 6040: 6039: 6036: 6035: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6017: 6014: 6013: 6010: 6009: 6006: 6005: 6002: 6001: 5999: 5998: 5991: 5984: 5977: 5970: 5962: 5960: 5952: 5951: 5949: 5948: 5945:M. latrubessei 5941: 5933: 5931: 5923: 5922: 5920: 5919: 5911: 5904: 5896: 5889: 5882: 5875: 5868: 5861: 5854: 5847: 5840: 5833: 5826: 5818: 5811: 5804: 5796: 5789: 5781: 5774: 5766: 5760: 5754: 5753: 5750: 5749: 5747: 5746: 5739: 5732: 5725: 5718: 5711: 5704: 5696: 5694: 5686: 5685: 5683: 5682: 5674: 5670:Procaimanoidea 5666: 5658: 5654:Hassiacosuchus 5650: 5643: 5635: 5627: 5620: 5611: 5605: 5596: 5595: 5587: 5583:Menatalligator 5579: 5571: 5562: 5560: 5555: 5552: 5551: 5548: 5547: 5545: 5544: 5541:Protoalligator 5537: 5530: 5523: 5516: 5509: 5502: 5499:Dongnanosuchus 5494: 5492: 5486: 5485: 5483: 5482: 5475: 5471:Procaimanoidea 5467: 5460: 5452: 5449:Hassiacosuchus 5445: 5438: 5430: 5423: 5416: 5409: 5406:Albertochampsa 5401: 5391: 5386: 5383: 5382: 5380: 5379: 5372: 5365: 5358: 5350: 5344: 5341:Alligatoroidea 5339: 5332: 5331: 5328:Alligatoroidea 5319: 5318: 5315: 5314: 5311: 5310: 5308: 5307: 5303:Planocraniidae 5299: 5292: 5288:Pristichampsus 5284: 5276: 5269: 5262: 5259:Charactosuchus 5255: 5248: 5240: 5233: 5225: 5217: 5215: 5211: 5210: 5208: 5207: 5200: 5193: 5190:Trilophosuchus 5186: 5178: 5171: 5164: 5157: 5150: 5146:Harpacochampsa 5142: 5135: 5131:Australosuchus 5126: 5124: 5114: 5113: 5100: 5099: 5096: 5095: 5092: 5091: 5088: 5087: 5084: 5083: 5081: 5080: 5079: 5078: 5072: 5070: 5064: 5063: 5061: 5060: 5059: 5058: 5049: 5043: 5037: 5036: 5034: 5033: 5032: 5031: 5022: 5016: 5006: 5005: 5001: 5000: 4991: 4982: 4976: 4970: 4954: 4953: 4945: 4944: 4937: 4930: 4922: 4913: 4912: 4898: 4895: 4894: 4891: 4890: 4887: 4886: 4884: 4883: 4873: 4871: 4863: 4862: 4860: 4859: 4849: 4847: 4835: 4834: 4821: 4820: 4817: 4816: 4813: 4812: 4809: 4808: 4806: 4805: 4796: 4786: 4784: 4776: 4775: 4773: 4772: 4763: 4753: 4751: 4740: 4733: 4732: 4729: 4728: 4726: 4725: 4716: 4707: 4698: 4689: 4680: 4671: 4662: 4653: 4644: 4640:C. mindorensis 4635: 4626: 4622:C. intermedius 4617: 4608: 4598: 4596: 4585: 4575: 4574: 4558: 4557: 4554: 4553: 4550: 4549: 4546: 4545: 4543: 4542: 4533: 4529:P. palpebrosus 4523: 4521: 4513: 4512: 4510: 4509: 4503:Black caiman ( 4499: 4497: 4489: 4488: 4486: 4485: 4476: 4472:C. latirostris 4467: 4457: 4455: 4444: 4430: 4429: 4426: 4425: 4423: 4422: 4413: 4403: 4401: 4390: 4372: 4371: 4355: 4354: 4352: 4351: 4345: 4339: 4333: 4327: 4320: 4317: 4316: 4307: 4306: 4299: 4292: 4284: 4278: 4277: 4271: 4262: 4248: 4247:External links 4245: 4242: 4241: 4230:on 23 May 2013 4210: 4151: 4144: 4124: 4076: 4069: 4049: 4042: 4022: 4005: 3979: 3968:(4): 255–264. 3948: 3923:www.abc.net.au 3909: 3850: 3807:(3): 192–207. 3787: 3758:(6): 972–985. 3735: 3706:10.1086/709443 3700:(4): 320–338. 3680: 3633: 3586: 3549:(4): 531–536. 3526: 3484: 3435: 3426: 3369: 3348:(2): 174–185. 3328: 3301: 3244: 3212: 3177: 3156: 3147: 3134: 3125: 3096: 3072: 3027: 2996: 2979:. 2008-01-17. 2962: 2941:Alligator Leap 2931: 2918: 2892: 2883: 2874: 2862: 2837: 2828: 2819: 2777: 2738: 2712: 2691: 2673:. 2020-07-16. 2656: 2630: 2623: 2611:(March 2011). 2600: 2582: 2553: 2524: 2491: 2442: 2392: 2351: 2316: 2267: 2236: 2186: 2179: 2153: 2096: 2095: 2093: 2090: 2089: 2088: 2083: 2078: 2073: 2071:Alligator farm 2067: 2066: 2050: 2047: 2046: 2045: 2042: 2035: 2033: 2030: 2023: 2021: 2018: 2011: 2009: 2003: 1996: 1994: 1988: 1981: 1977: 1974: 1973: 1972: 1961:Nile crocodile 1954: 1936: 1911: 1905: 1895:rules of thumb 1890: 1887: 1883:Alligator meat 1833:Alligator meat 1829:Alligator farm 1824: 1821: 1766: 1762: 1757: 1718: 1715: 1683: 1676: 1675: 1674: 1669: 1662: 1661: 1660: 1656:Eggs and young 1655: 1648: 1647: 1646: 1642: 1641: 1640: 1639: 1637: 1634: 1609:gizzard stones 1573: 1570: 1517: 1503: 1493: 1490:Alligator hiss 1488: 1487: 1474: 1463: 1458: 1457: 1440: 1430: 1425: 1424: 1419: 1418: 1409: 1408: 1407: 1405: 1402: 1398:Miami MetroZoo 1378:brackish water 1327:North Carolina 1278: 1271: 1270: 1266: 1259: 1258: 1257: 1251: 1250: 1249: 1248: 1246: 1243: 1203:Cayman Islands 1194: 1191: 1190: 1189: 1182: 1175: 1168: 1161: 1154: 1147: 1138: 1135: 1132: 1131: 1125: 1122: 1115: 1107: 1106: 1100: 1097: 1090: 1082: 1081: 1078: 1075: 1072: 1065: 1062: 1060: 1057: 1053: 1052: 1049: 1048: 1044: 1043: 1040: 1039: 1035: 1034: 1031: 1030: 1026: 1025: 1022: 1021: 1017: 1016: 1013: 1012: 1008: 1007: 1004: 1003: 999: 998: 995: 994: 990: 989: 986: 985: 981: 980: 977: 976: 964: 961: 960: 957: 956: 944: 941: 940: 937: 936: 924: 919: 917: 914: 913: 910: 909: 897: 892: 890: 887: 886: 883: 882: 870: 865: 863: 860: 859: 856: 855: 843: 838: 836: 833: 832: 829: 828: 816: 811: 809: 801: 800: 797: 796: 792: 791: 788: 787: 775: 772: 771: 768: 767: 755: 752: 751: 748: 747: 735: 730: 728: 725: 724: 721: 720: 708: 705: 704: 701: 700: 688: 683: 681: 678: 677: 674: 673: 661: 658: 657: 654: 653: 641: 638: 637: 634: 633: 621: 616: 614: 606: 605: 602: 601: 592: 587: 585: 575: 532: 529: 484: 481: 386: 385: 384: 383: 373: 366: 356: 346: 336: 329: 319: 309: 296: 295: 289: 288: 282: 273: 272: 266: 265: 251: 247: 246: 241: 237: 236: 231: 227: 226: 221: 217: 216: 211: 204: 203: 198: 191: 190: 185: 181: 180: 175: 171: 170: 165: 161: 160: 155: 151: 150: 137: 136: 125: 124: 116: 115: 107: 102: 97: 92: 87: 82: 77: 72: 67: 62: 57: 52: 37:37.2 – 0 33: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7310: 7299: 7296: 7294: 7291: 7289: 7286: 7284: 7283:Alligatoridae 7281: 7279: 7276: 7275: 7273: 7256: 7251: 7247: 7243: 7238: 7234: 7230: 7225: 7221: 7217: 7212: 7208: 7204: 7199: 7195: 7191: 7186: 7182: 7178: 7173: 7169: 7165: 7160: 7156: 7152: 7147: 7143: 7139: 7134: 7130: 7126: 7121: 7117: 7113: 7108: 7104: 7100: 7095: 7091: 7086: 7080: 7076: 7071: 7065: 7061: 7060: 7058: 7056: 7052: 7048: 7043: 7031: 7028: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7013: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 7002: 7000: 6994: 6988: 6985: 6983: 6980: 6978: 6975: 6973: 6970: 6968: 6965: 6963: 6960: 6959: 6957: 6953: 6949: 6945: 6941: 6937: 6929: 6924: 6922: 6917: 6915: 6910: 6909: 6906: 6894: 6893:Gryposuchinae 6891: 6889: 6885: 6884: 6881: 6872: 6867: 6840: 6839: 6835: 6832: 6831: 6827: 6824: 6823: 6819: 6816: 6815: 6811: 6808: 6807: 6803: 6800: 6799: 6795: 6792: 6791: 6787: 6785: 6784: 6780: 6779: 6777: 6775: 6774: 6769: 6763: 6762: 6758: 6756: 6755: 6751: 6749: 6748: 6744: 6741: 6740: 6736: 6734: 6733: 6729: 6727: 6726: 6725:Rhamphosuchus 6722: 6720: 6719: 6718:Piscogavialis 6715: 6713: 6712: 6708: 6705: 6704: 6703:Paratomistoma 6700: 6697: 6696: 6692: 6690: 6689: 6688:Ikanogavialis 6685: 6683: 6682: 6678: 6675: 6674: 6670: 6668: 6667: 6663: 6661: 6660: 6656: 6653: 6652: 6651:Gavialosuchus 6648: 6646: 6645: 6641: 6639: 6638: 6637:Aktiogavialis 6634: 6633: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6621: 6617: 6606: 6605: 6604:T. taiwanicum 6601: 6598: 6597: 6593: 6590: 6589: 6585: 6582: 6581: 6577: 6576: 6574: 6572: 6571: 6566: 6559: 6558: 6554: 6551: 6550: 6549:Paratomistoma 6546: 6544: 6543: 6539: 6536: 6535: 6534:Gavialosuchus 6531: 6528: 6527: 6526:Brasilosuchus 6523: 6522: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6513:sensu stricto 6510: 6506: 6500: 6499: 6495: 6494: 6491: 6488: 6485: 6480: 6474: 6473: 6469: 6467: 6466: 6462: 6459: 6458: 6454: 6452: 6451: 6447: 6445: 6444: 6443:Paratomistoma 6440: 6438: 6437: 6433: 6431: 6430: 6426: 6424: 6423: 6422:Maroccosuchus 6419: 6417: 6416: 6412: 6409: 6408: 6404: 6402: 6401: 6397: 6395: 6394: 6393:Gunggamarandu 6390: 6388: 6387: 6386:Gavialosuchus 6383: 6381: 6380: 6379:Ferganosuchus 6376: 6374: 6373: 6369: 6367: 6366: 6362: 6361: 6358: 6355: 6352: 6347: 6329: 6328: 6324: 6322: 6321: 6317: 6315: 6314: 6310: 6308: 6307: 6303: 6301: 6300: 6296: 6295: 6293: 6291: 6290: 6285: 6279: 6278: 6274: 6271: 6270: 6269:Tzaganosuchus 6266: 6263: 6262: 6258: 6255: 6254: 6250: 6247: 6246: 6242: 6241: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6229: 6222: 6221: 6217: 6215: 6214: 6210: 6208: 6207: 6203: 6201: 6200: 6196: 6194: 6193: 6189: 6188: 6186: 6184: 6183:Osteolaeminae 6180: 6173: 6172: 6171:Oxysdonsaurus 6168: 6165: 6164: 6160: 6158: 6157: 6153: 6152: 6149: 6146: 6143: 6138: 6131: 6130: 6126: 6123: 6122: 6121:Jiangxisuchus 6118: 6116: 6115: 6111: 6108: 6107: 6103: 6100: 6099: 6095: 6093: 6092: 6091:Astorgosuchus 6088: 6086: 6085: 6081: 6078: 6077: 6076:Albertosuchus 6073: 6072: 6069: 6066: 6063: 6062:Crocodyloidea 6058: 6054: 6050: 6045: 6041: 6032: 6027: 5997: 5996: 5992: 5990: 5989: 5985: 5983: 5982: 5981:C. gasparinae 5978: 5976: 5975: 5971: 5969: 5968: 5964: 5963: 5961: 5959: 5958: 5953: 5947: 5946: 5942: 5940: 5939: 5935: 5934: 5932: 5930: 5929: 5924: 5917: 5916: 5912: 5910: 5909: 5905: 5902: 5901: 5897: 5895: 5894: 5890: 5888: 5887: 5883: 5881: 5880: 5876: 5874: 5873: 5869: 5867: 5866: 5862: 5860: 5859: 5855: 5853: 5852: 5848: 5846: 5845: 5844:Kuttanacaiman 5841: 5839: 5838: 5834: 5832: 5831: 5827: 5824: 5823: 5819: 5817: 5816: 5815:Culebrasuchus 5812: 5810: 5809: 5805: 5802: 5801: 5797: 5795: 5794: 5790: 5787: 5786: 5785:Brachychampsa 5782: 5780: 5779: 5775: 5773: 5772: 5768: 5767: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5755: 5745: 5744: 5740: 5738: 5737: 5736:A. prenasalis 5733: 5731: 5730: 5726: 5724: 5723: 5719: 5717: 5716: 5712: 5710: 5709: 5705: 5703: 5702: 5698: 5697: 5695: 5693: 5692: 5687: 5680: 5679: 5675: 5672: 5671: 5667: 5664: 5663: 5659: 5656: 5655: 5651: 5649: 5648: 5647:Chrysochampsa 5644: 5641: 5640: 5636: 5633: 5632: 5628: 5626: 5625: 5621: 5618: 5617: 5616:Akanthosuchus 5613: 5612: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5603:Alligatorinae 5600: 5593: 5592: 5591:Sajkanosuchus 5588: 5585: 5584: 5580: 5577: 5576: 5575:Lianghusuchus 5572: 5569: 5568: 5564: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5557:Alligatoridae 5553: 5543: 5542: 5538: 5536: 5535: 5531: 5529: 5528: 5524: 5522: 5521: 5520:Jiangxisuchus 5517: 5515: 5514: 5510: 5508: 5507: 5503: 5501: 5500: 5496: 5495: 5493: 5491: 5487: 5481: 5480: 5476: 5473: 5472: 5468: 5466: 5465: 5461: 5458: 5457: 5453: 5451: 5450: 5446: 5444: 5443: 5439: 5436: 5435: 5431: 5429: 5428: 5424: 5422: 5421: 5420:Brachychampsa 5417: 5415: 5414: 5410: 5408: 5407: 5403: 5402: 5399: 5395: 5392: 5389: 5384: 5378: 5377: 5373: 5371: 5370: 5366: 5364: 5363: 5359: 5357: 5356: 5352: 5351: 5348: 5345: 5342: 5337: 5333: 5329: 5324: 5320: 5305: 5304: 5300: 5298: 5297: 5293: 5290: 5289: 5285: 5282: 5281: 5277: 5275: 5274: 5270: 5268: 5267: 5263: 5261: 5260: 5256: 5254: 5253: 5249: 5246: 5245: 5244:Borealosuchus 5241: 5239: 5238: 5234: 5231: 5230: 5226: 5224: 5223: 5222:Albertosuchus 5219: 5218: 5216: 5212: 5206: 5205: 5201: 5199: 5198: 5194: 5192: 5191: 5187: 5184: 5183: 5179: 5177: 5176: 5172: 5170: 5169: 5165: 5163: 5162: 5158: 5156: 5155: 5151: 5148: 5147: 5143: 5141: 5140: 5136: 5133: 5132: 5128: 5127: 5125: 5123: 5119: 5115: 5110: 5105: 5101: 5076: 5075: 5074: 5073: 5071: 5069: 5065: 5057: 5053: 5052: 5051: 5050: 5047: 5044: 5042: 5038: 5030: 5026: 5025: 5024: 5023: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5011: 5007: 4999: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4977: 4975: 4971: 4969: 4965: 4964: 4959: 4955: 4951: 4943: 4938: 4936: 4931: 4929: 4924: 4923: 4920: 4910: 4909: 4896: 4882: 4880: 4879:T. schlegelii 4875: 4874: 4872: 4870: 4869: 4864: 4858: 4856: 4855:G. gangeticus 4851: 4850: 4848: 4846: 4845: 4840: 4836: 4832: 4826: 4822: 4804: 4802: 4797: 4795: 4793: 4788: 4787: 4785: 4783: 4782: 4777: 4771: 4769: 4764: 4762: 4760: 4755: 4754: 4752: 4750: 4749: 4744: 4741: 4738: 4737:Osteolaeminae 4734: 4724: 4722: 4717: 4715: 4713: 4708: 4706: 4704: 4699: 4697: 4695: 4690: 4688: 4686: 4681: 4679: 4677: 4672: 4670: 4668: 4663: 4661: 4659: 4654: 4652: 4650: 4645: 4643: 4641: 4636: 4634: 4632: 4627: 4625: 4623: 4618: 4616: 4614: 4609: 4607: 4605: 4600: 4599: 4597: 4595: 4594: 4589: 4586: 4584: 4580: 4576: 4569: 4563: 4559: 4541: 4539: 4538:P. trigonatus 4534: 4532: 4530: 4525: 4524: 4522: 4520: 4519: 4514: 4508: 4506: 4501: 4500: 4498: 4496: 4495: 4490: 4484: 4482: 4477: 4475: 4473: 4468: 4466: 4464: 4463:C. crocodilus 4459: 4458: 4456: 4454: 4453: 4448: 4445: 4435: 4431: 4421: 4419: 4414: 4412: 4410: 4405: 4404: 4402: 4400: 4399: 4394: 4391: 4381: 4380:Alligatorinae 4377: 4373: 4366: 4365:Alligatoridae 4360: 4356: 4350: 4346: 4344: 4340: 4338: 4334: 4332: 4328: 4326: 4322: 4321: 4318: 4313: 4305: 4300: 4298: 4293: 4291: 4286: 4285: 4282: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4257: 4254: 4251: 4250: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4214: 4206: 4202: 4197: 4192: 4187: 4182: 4178: 4174: 4171:(3): e31781. 4170: 4166: 4162: 4155: 4147: 4145:9781486300662 4141: 4137: 4136: 4128: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4097: 4095: 4093: 4091: 4089: 4087: 4085: 4083: 4081: 4072: 4066: 4062: 4061: 4053: 4045: 4039: 4035: 4034: 4026: 4018: 4012: 4010: 3994: 3990: 3983: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3952: 3944: 3938: 3924: 3920: 3913: 3905: 3901: 3896: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3878: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3854: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3834: 3830: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3798: 3791: 3783: 3779: 3775: 3771: 3766: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3742: 3740: 3731: 3727: 3723: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3691: 3684: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3637: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3590: 3582: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3557: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3533: 3531: 3522: 3518: 3513: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3488: 3480: 3476: 3472: 3468: 3463: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3446: 3439: 3430: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3385: 3380: 3373: 3365: 3361: 3356: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3342:Herpetologica 3339: 3332: 3324: 3320: 3317:(1): 99–107. 3316: 3312: 3311:Herpetologica 3305: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3260: 3255: 3248: 3240: 3236: 3235: 3227: 3225: 3216: 3207: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3193: 3188: 3181: 3166: 3160: 3151: 3144: 3138: 3129: 3115:on 2010-11-26 3114: 3110: 3108: 3100: 3086: 3082: 3076: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3039: 3031: 3023: 3012: 3008: 3007: 3000: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2977: 2972: 2966: 2958: 2947: 2943: 2942: 2935: 2928: 2922: 2915: 2911: 2909: 2901: 2899: 2897: 2887: 2878: 2869: 2867: 2851: 2847: 2841: 2832: 2823: 2814: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2800: 2795: 2793: 2784: 2782: 2772: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2758: 2753: 2751: 2742: 2726: 2722: 2716: 2701: 2695: 2687: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2667: 2660: 2645:. 23 May 2020 2644: 2640: 2634: 2626: 2620: 2616: 2615: 2610: 2604: 2596: 2592: 2586: 2572:on 2016-03-05 2571: 2567: 2563: 2557: 2543:on 2016-03-04 2542: 2538: 2534: 2528: 2519: 2514: 2511:: S228–S256. 2510: 2506: 2502: 2495: 2487: 2483: 2478: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2446: 2438: 2434: 2429: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2396: 2388: 2384: 2379: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2355: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2320: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2295: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2271: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2243: 2241: 2232: 2226: 2212:on 2014-03-29 2208: 2201: 2196: 2190: 2182: 2180:9780618910540 2176: 2172: 2167: 2166: 2157: 2149: 2145: 2140: 2135: 2130: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2116: 2111: 2104: 2102: 2097: 2087: 2084: 2082: 2079: 2077: 2074: 2072: 2069: 2068: 2064: 2053: 2039: 2034: 2027: 2022: 2015: 2010: 2007: 2000: 1995: 1992: 1985: 1980: 1979: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1955: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1937: 1934: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1912: 1909: 1906: 1903: 1900: 1899: 1898: 1896: 1886: 1884: 1880: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1843: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1820: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1801: 1798: 1796: 1791: 1789: 1784: 1779: 1776: 1771: 1755: 1751: 1746: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1723: 1714: 1712: 1707: 1702: 1697: 1695: 1680: 1666: 1652: 1633: 1631: 1626: 1625:apex predator 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1583: 1578: 1569: 1565: 1563: 1557: 1555: 1550: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1531: 1525: 1523: 1511: 1507: 1491: 1482: 1478: 1461: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1428: 1422: 1401: 1399: 1394: 1393:Yangtze River 1389: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1346: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1295: 1293: 1289: 1288:United States 1275: 1263: 1254: 1242: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1215: 1211: 1204: 1199: 1188: 1187: 1183: 1181: 1180: 1176: 1174: 1173: 1169: 1167: 1166: 1162: 1160: 1159: 1155: 1153: 1152: 1148: 1146: 1145: 1141: 1140: 1130: 1126: 1123: 1121: 1120: 1116: 1113: 1109: 1108: 1105: 1101: 1098: 1096: 1095: 1091: 1088: 1084: 1083: 1080:Distribution 1079: 1076: 1073: 1070: 1069: 1051: 1050: 1042: 1041: 1033: 1032: 1024: 1023: 1015: 1014: 1006: 1005: 997: 996: 988: 987: 979: 978: 975: 974: 973: 969: 963: 962: 959: 958: 955: 951: 950: 943: 942: 939: 938: 935: 931: 930: 923: 922: 916: 915: 912: 911: 908: 907: 906: 902: 896: 895: 889: 888: 885: 884: 881: 877: 876: 869: 868: 862: 861: 858: 857: 854: 850: 849: 842: 841: 835: 834: 831: 830: 827: 823: 822: 815: 814: 808: 807: 803: 802: 799: 798: 790: 789: 786: 782: 781: 774: 773: 770: 769: 766: 762: 761: 754: 753: 750: 749: 746: 742: 741: 734: 733: 727: 726: 723: 722: 719: 715: 714: 707: 706: 703: 702: 699: 695: 694: 687: 686: 680: 679: 676: 675: 672: 668: 667: 660: 659: 656: 655: 652: 648: 647: 640: 639: 636: 635: 632: 628: 627: 620: 619: 613: 612: 611:Alligatorinae 608: 607: 604: 603: 600: 599: 598: 591: 590: 584: 583: 582:Alligatoridae 579: 578: 574: 572: 568: 564: 563:Alligatoridae 561: 557: 553: 549: 545: 544:Alligatorinae 542: 538: 528: 526: 522: 518: 514: 510: 506: 502: 498: 494: 490: 480: 478: 474: 470: 466: 464: 458: 453: 451: 447: 443: 439: 435: 431: 428: 424: 421: 417: 416:Alligatoridae 414: 410: 409: 405: 401: 398:, is a large 397: 393: 382: 381: 374: 372: 371: 367: 365: 364: 357: 355: 354: 347: 345: 344: 337: 335: 334: 330: 328: 327: 320: 318: 317: 310: 308: 307: 300: 299: 297: 294: 290: 285: 280: 279: 274: 271: 267: 262: 257: 256: 252: 249: 248: 245: 244:Alligatorinae 242: 239: 238: 235: 234:Alligatoridae 232: 229: 228: 225: 222: 219: 218: 215: 212: 209: 206: 205: 202: 199: 196: 193: 192: 189: 186: 183: 182: 179: 176: 173: 172: 169: 166: 163: 162: 159: 156: 153: 152: 147: 142: 138: 135: 131: 126: 122: 117: 110: 105: 100: 95: 90: 85: 80: 75: 70: 65: 60: 55: 49: 45: 40: 29: 26: 22: 7054: 6935: 6888:Brevirostres 6838:G. papuensis 6836: 6828: 6820: 6812: 6804: 6796: 6790:G. breviceps 6788: 6781: 6771: 6759: 6752: 6745: 6737: 6730: 6723: 6716: 6711:Penghusuchus 6709: 6701: 6693: 6686: 6679: 6671: 6664: 6657: 6649: 6644:Dadagavialis 6642: 6635: 6623: 6602: 6594: 6586: 6578: 6568: 6557:Thecachampsa 6555: 6547: 6542:Melitosaurus 6540: 6532: 6524: 6512: 6509:Tomistominae 6498:Sacacosuchus 6496: 6470: 6463: 6455: 6450:Thecachampsa 6448: 6441: 6434: 6427: 6420: 6413: 6405: 6398: 6391: 6384: 6377: 6370: 6363: 6325: 6318: 6311: 6306:C. checchiai 6304: 6297: 6287: 6275: 6267: 6259: 6251: 6243: 6232:Crocodylinae 6218: 6211: 6204: 6197: 6190: 6169: 6161: 6154: 6142:Crocodylidae 6129:Mekosuchinae 6127: 6119: 6112: 6104: 6096: 6089: 6082: 6074: 6049:Longirostres 5993: 5986: 5979: 5972: 5967:C. australis 5965: 5955: 5943: 5936: 5928:Melanosuchus 5926: 5913: 5906: 5898: 5891: 5884: 5879:Paranasuchus 5877: 5872:Paranacaiman 5870: 5863: 5856: 5849: 5842: 5835: 5828: 5820: 5813: 5806: 5800:Ceratosuchus 5798: 5791: 5783: 5776: 5769: 5741: 5734: 5727: 5720: 5713: 5706: 5701:A. hailensis 5699: 5690: 5689: 5676: 5668: 5662:Navajosuchus 5660: 5652: 5645: 5639:Ceratosuchus 5637: 5629: 5622: 5614: 5589: 5581: 5573: 5565: 5539: 5532: 5525: 5518: 5511: 5504: 5497: 5477: 5469: 5464:Navajosuchus 5462: 5456:Leidyosuchus 5454: 5447: 5440: 5432: 5427:Ceratosuchus 5425: 5418: 5411: 5404: 5374: 5369:Leidyosuchus 5367: 5362:Diplocynodon 5360: 5353: 5301: 5294: 5286: 5278: 5271: 5264: 5257: 5250: 5242: 5237:Asiatosuchus 5235: 5227: 5220: 5202: 5195: 5188: 5180: 5173: 5166: 5159: 5152: 5144: 5137: 5129: 5122:Mekosuchinae 5111:crocodilians 5029:Pseudosuchia 5014:Pseudosuchia 4993: 4989:Pseudosuchia 4984: 4950:crocodilians 4899: 4878: 4866: 4854: 4842: 4800: 4792:O. tetraspis 4791: 4779: 4767: 4758: 4746: 4720: 4712:C. siamensis 4711: 4703:C. rhombifer 4702: 4693: 4684: 4676:C. palustris 4675: 4666: 4658:C. niloticus 4657: 4649:C. moreletii 4648: 4639: 4631:C. johnstoni 4630: 4621: 4612: 4603: 4591: 4583:Crocodylinae 4568:Crocodylidae 4537: 4528: 4516: 4504: 4494:Melanosuchus 4492: 4480: 4471: 4462: 4450: 4417: 4408: 4397: 4396: 4386:(Alligators) 4347:Superorder: 4341:(unranked): 4234:18 September 4232:. Retrieved 4228:the original 4223: 4213: 4168: 4164: 4154: 4134: 4127: 4117:18 September 4115:. Retrieved 4111:the original 4106: 4059: 4052: 4032: 4025: 3997:. Retrieved 3992: 3982: 3965: 3961: 3951: 3926:. Retrieved 3922: 3912: 3867: 3863: 3853: 3804: 3800: 3790: 3755: 3751: 3697: 3693: 3683: 3650: 3646: 3636: 3603: 3599: 3589: 3546: 3542: 3505:(1): 94–99. 3502: 3498: 3487: 3452: 3448: 3438: 3429: 3388: 3382: 3372: 3345: 3341: 3331: 3314: 3310: 3304: 3263: 3257: 3253: 3247: 3238: 3232: 3223: 3215: 3196: 3190: 3180: 3169:. Retrieved 3159: 3150: 3142: 3137: 3128: 3117:. Retrieved 3113:the original 3106: 3099: 3088:. Retrieved 3084: 3075: 3042: 3036: 3030: 3020:– via 3015:. Retrieved 3005: 2999: 2988:. Retrieved 2974: 2965: 2955:– via 2950:. Retrieved 2940: 2934: 2921: 2913: 2907: 2906: 2886: 2877: 2853:. Retrieved 2849: 2840: 2831: 2822: 2803: 2797: 2791: 2761: 2755: 2749: 2741: 2729:. Retrieved 2724: 2715: 2704:. Retrieved 2694: 2684:– via 2679:. Retrieved 2665: 2659: 2647:. Retrieved 2642: 2633: 2613: 2609:Kaku, Michio 2603: 2594: 2585: 2574:. Retrieved 2570:the original 2565: 2556: 2545:. Retrieved 2541:the original 2536: 2527: 2508: 2504: 2494: 2459: 2455: 2445: 2410: 2406: 2395: 2368: 2364: 2354: 2329: 2325: 2319: 2284: 2280: 2270: 2253: 2249: 2214:. Retrieved 2207:the original 2194: 2189: 2164: 2156: 2119: 2113: 1956: 1951:chemosensory 1946: 1942: 1938: 1913: 1907: 1901: 1892: 1881: 1854: 1850: 1910s 1802: 1799: 1792: 1780: 1772: 1747: 1728: 1698: 1690: 1636:Reproduction 1586: 1566: 1558: 1551: 1547: 1536: 1519: 1420: 1390: 1347: 1296: 1285: 1252: 1231:Belgrade Zoo 1216: 1212: 1208: 1184: 1177: 1170: 1163: 1156: 1149: 1142: 1117: 1092: 970: 967: 966: 947: 946: 927: 926: 903: 900: 899: 873: 872: 846: 845: 819: 818: 805: 804: 778: 777: 758: 757: 738: 737: 711: 710: 691: 690: 664: 663: 644: 643: 624: 623: 609: 595: 594: 580: 548:sister taxon 536: 534: 486: 476: 472: 460: 454: 445: 437: 407: 406: 395: 391: 389: 378: 368: 361: 351: 341: 331: 324: 314: 304: 276: 270:Type species 254: 253: 207: 194: 132:(top) and a 25: 7159:iNaturalist 7079:Wikispecies 6998:interaction 6814:G. leptodus 6666:Hanyusuchus 6659:Gryposuchus 6588:T. gaudense 6457:Tienosuchus 6436:Ocepesuchus 6400:Kentisuchus 6372:Dollosuchus 6351:Gavialoidea 5893:Purussaurus 5886:Protocaiman 5858:Necrosuchus 5851:Mourasuchus 5837:Gnatusuchus 5778:Bottosaurus 5743:A. thomsoni 5722:A. munensis 5715:A. mefferdi 5631:Arambourgia 5567:Balanerodus 5527:Krabisuchus 5506:Eoalligator 5434:Deinosuchus 5413:Arambourgia 5355:Deinosuchus 5229:Arenysuchus 5197:Ultrastenos 5154:Kalthifrons 4781:Osteolaemus 4518:Paleosuchus 4418:A. sinensis 4343:Archosauria 4312:Crocodilian 3199:: 225–239. 3109:Alligators" 2855:17 November 1922:salt glands 1817:New Orleans 1775:microbiomes 1754:gastroliths 1743:parabronchi 1621:black bears 1593:crustaceans 1542:territorial 1319:Mississippi 1193:Description 1077:Common name 517:Pleistocene 511:during the 446:A. sinensis 240:Subfamily: 44:Late Eocene 7272:Categories 6972:Gastralium 6944:crocodiles 6936:alligators 6886:See also: 6624:sensu lato 6620:Gavialinae 6484:Gavialidae 6289:Crocodylus 6213:Rimasuchus 6206:Euthecodon 6192:Brochuchus 5938:M. fisheri 5771:Acresuchus 5758:Caimaninae 5708:A. mcgrewi 5388:Globidonta 5168:Mekosuchus 5077:see below↓ 5068:Crocodilia 4980:Sauropsida 4831:Gavialidae 4801:O. osborni 4694:C. raninus 4685:C. porosus 4593:Crocodylus 4434:Caimaninae 3999:2008-10-27 3928:2020-07-26 3171:2013-11-27 3119:2009-03-05 3090:2023-02-10 3017:2021-09-07 2990:2023-02-10 2952:2021-09-07 2706:2012-02-08 2681:2021-09-07 2576:2016-05-01 2547:2016-05-01 2537:eparks.org 2462:(2): 239. 2216:2014-03-28 2122:: e12094. 2092:References 1953:functions. 1945:(ISOs) or 1823:Human uses 1694:infrasound 1554:metabolism 1522:media help 1441:Alligator 1350:freshwater 1343:crocodiles 1331:East Texas 1321:; coastal 1223:Moscow Zoo 597:Caimaninae 552:Caimaninae 535:The genus 497:Cretaceous 463:el lagarto 457:anglicized 440:) and the 425:. The two 423:Crocodilia 224:Crocodilia 31:Alligators 7278:Alligator 7099:Alligator 7085:Alligator 7055:Alligator 6822:G. lewisi 6798:G. browni 6570:Tomistoma 5908:Tsoabichi 5729:A. olseni 5691:Alligator 5175:Paludirex 5056:Neosuchia 5041:Neosuchia 4966:Kingdom: 4868:Tomistoma 4853:Gharial ( 4748:Mecistops 4721:C. suchus 4604:C. acutus 4481:C. yacare 4440:(Caimans) 4398:Alligator 4323:Kingdom: 3993:Softpedia 3886:1664-302X 3845:211122872 3829:1552-5007 3774:1540-7063 3730:219057993 3714:1522-2152 3667:1095-6433 3620:0022-0949 3565:0022-0949 3521:0717-9502 3471:1540-7063 3421:206522844 2985:0190-8286 2332:: 9–100. 2281:Evolution 1933:mangroves 1867:, shoes, 1809:leucistic 1788:autophagy 1783:brumation 1750:crocodile 1706:egg tooth 1670:Juveniles 1562:duct tape 1307:Louisiana 1301:: all of 806:Alligator 571:phylogeny 567:cladogram 541:subfamily 537:Alligator 531:Phylogeny 483:Evolution 473:allagarta 408:Alligator 392:alligator 255:Alligator 164:Kingdom: 158:Eukaryota 7064:Wikidata 6948:gharials 6773:Gavialis 6261:Quinkana 5822:Eocaiman 5442:Eocaiman 5182:Quinkana 4998:Eusuchia 4974:Chordata 4972:Phylum: 4968:Animalia 4948:Extinct 4844:Gavialis 4613:C. halli 4505:M. niger 4337:Reptilia 4331:Chordata 4329:Phylum: 4325:Animalia 4256:Archived 4205:22431965 4165:PLOS ONE 3937:cite web 3904:31708889 3870:: 2409. 3837:32061056 3782:25888944 3722:32492358 3675:28958765 3628:11003822 3573:27980124 3479:26060211 3413:20075253 3364:85198798 3105:"Living 3059:17690228 3011:Archived 2946:Archived 2675:Archived 2643:BBC News 2486:83972694 2437:25504731 2303:22023592 2225:cite web 2148:34567843 2049:See also 1926:gharials 1877:muskrats 1865:handbags 1731:amniotes 1539:solitary 1404:Behavior 1386:muskrats 1362:wetlands 1339:Arkansas 1335:Oklahoma 1127:eastern 495:or late 493:Tertiary 477:alagarto 459:form of 432:are the 230:Family: 188:Reptilia 178:Chordata 174:Phylum: 168:Animalia 154:Domain: 7250:ZooBank 7177:1039645 7151:2441367 7070:Q530397 6940:caimans 6253:Kinyang 6220:Kinyang 5161:Kambara 4978:Class: 4829:Family 4566:Family 4363:Family 4335:Class: 4314:species 4310:Extant 4196:3303775 4173:Bibcode 3895:6824212 3809:Bibcode 3653:: 1–5. 3393:Bibcode 3384:Science 3323:3892690 3296:4307265 3288:7070524 3268:Bibcode 3241:: 4–11. 3067:8402869 3022:YouTube 2957:YouTube 2850:uga.edu 2731:17 July 2725:Reuters 2686:YouTube 2649:17 July 2464:Bibcode 2428:4386873 2407:Science 2387:9402737 2346:3889340 2311:7254442 2139:8428266 2081:Gharial 1920:called 1873:nutrias 1861:luggage 1781:During 1739:alveoli 1735:bronchi 1717:Anatomy 1711:hunting 1613:carrion 1605:nutrias 1512:format. 1483:format. 1453:format. 1382:nutrias 1358:marshes 1315:Alabama 1311:Georgia 1303:Florida 1245:Habitat 1239:Germany 1137:Extinct 1059:Species 565:. The 556:caimans 513:Neogene 489:caimans 469:Florida 430:species 418:of the 411:of the 402:in the 400:reptile 293:Species 250:Genus: 220:Order: 184:Class: 48:present 7242:886664 7216:335593 7190:174366 7138:1ALGTG 6955:Topics 5957:Caiman 5214:Others 4452:Caiman 4203: 4193: 4142: 4067: 4040: 3902: 3892: 3884: 3843: 3835: 3827: 3780: 3772: 3728: 3720: 3712: 3673: 3665: 3626: 3618: 3581:760441 3579: 3571: 3563: 3519: 3477: 3469: 3419: 3411: 3362: 3321: 3294: 3286: 3259:Nature 3065: 3057: 2983: 2621: 2484: 2435: 2425: 2385: 2344: 2309: 2301: 2177: 2146: 2136: 2076:Caiman 1857:tanned 1835:, and 1805:albino 1595:, and 1589:snails 1510:Vorbis 1481:Vorbis 1451:Vorbis 1443:bellow 1374:swamps 1372:, and 1366:rivers 1317:, and 1235:Serbia 1219:Saturn 1064:Extant 560:family 525:genome 450:Eocene 427:extant 413:family 286:, 1802 284:Daudin 263:, 1807 261:Cuvier 7237:WoRMS 7229:38423 7172:IRMNG 7164:26154 7125:35688 6996:Human 5204:Volia 5109:Basal 4994:Clade 4985:Clade 3841:S2CID 3726:S2CID 3577:S2CID 3417:S2CID 3360:S2CID 3319:JSTOR 3292:S2CID 3229:(PDF) 3063:S2CID 2482:S2CID 2342:JSTOR 2307:S2CID 2210:(PDF) 2203:(PDF) 2171:13–15 2115:PeerJ 1930:tidal 1869:belts 1795:armor 1597:worms 1370:lakes 1354:ponds 1323:South 1292:China 1237:from 1129:China 1071:Image 554:(the 420:order 404:genus 396:gator 208:Clade 195:Clade 7203:8495 7198:NCBI 7185:ITIS 7146:GBIF 7133:EPPO 6946:and 6277:Voay 5139:Baru 5054:see 5027:see 4236:2017 4201:PMID 4140:ISBN 4119:2017 4065:ISBN 4038:ISBN 3943:link 3900:PMID 3882:ISSN 3833:PMID 3825:ISSN 3778:PMID 3770:ISSN 3718:PMID 3710:ISSN 3671:PMID 3663:ISSN 3624:PMID 3616:ISSN 3569:PMID 3561:ISSN 3517:ISSN 3475:PMID 3467:ISSN 3409:PMID 3284:PMID 3107:with 3055:PMID 2981:ISSN 2857:2015 2804:2018 2762:2019 2733:2020 2651:2020 2619:ISBN 2433:PMID 2383:PMID 2299:PMID 2231:link 2175:ISBN 2144:PMID 1963:and 1875:and 1807:and 1619:and 1572:Diet 1384:and 1325:and 1305:and 1290:and 1267:Head 1227:Muja 1102:the 475:and 54:PreꞒ 7120:EoL 7112:S5H 7107:CoL 7094:ADW 4191:PMC 4181:doi 3970:doi 3966:297 3890:PMC 3872:doi 3817:doi 3805:334 3760:doi 3702:doi 3655:doi 3651:215 3608:doi 3604:203 3551:doi 3547:220 3507:doi 3457:doi 3401:doi 3389:327 3350:doi 3276:doi 3264:296 3256:". 3239:111 3201:doi 3047:doi 3043:210 2808:doi 2766:doi 2513:doi 2509:163 2472:doi 2423:PMC 2415:doi 2411:346 2373:doi 2334:doi 2289:doi 2258:doi 2254:191 2134:PMC 2124:doi 1815:in 1601:gar 1506:ogg 1477:ogg 1447:ogg 1279:Eye 1233:in 550:to 390:An 128:An 7274:: 7252:: 7239:: 7226:: 7213:: 7200:: 7187:: 7174:: 7161:: 7148:: 7135:: 7122:: 7109:: 7096:: 7081:: 7066:: 6942:, 6938:, 4996:: 4987:: 4222:. 4199:. 4189:. 4179:. 4167:. 4163:. 4105:. 4079:^ 4008:^ 3991:. 3964:. 3960:. 3939:}} 3935:{{ 3921:. 3898:. 3888:. 3880:. 3868:10 3866:. 3862:. 3839:. 3831:. 3823:. 3815:. 3803:. 3799:. 3776:. 3768:. 3756:55 3754:. 3750:. 3738:^ 3724:. 3716:. 3708:. 3698:93 3696:. 3692:. 3669:. 3661:. 3649:. 3645:. 3622:. 3614:. 3602:. 3598:. 3575:. 3567:. 3559:. 3545:. 3541:. 3529:^ 3515:. 3503:29 3501:. 3497:. 3473:. 3465:. 3453:55 3451:. 3447:. 3415:. 3407:. 3399:. 3387:. 3381:. 3358:. 3346:67 3344:. 3340:. 3315:49 3313:. 3290:. 3282:. 3274:. 3262:. 3237:. 3231:. 3197:17 3195:. 3189:. 3083:. 3061:. 3053:. 3041:. 2973:. 2908:In 2895:^ 2865:^ 2848:. 2802:. 2796:. 2780:^ 2760:. 2754:. 2723:. 2669:. 2641:. 2593:. 2564:. 2535:. 2507:. 2503:. 2480:. 2470:. 2460:33 2458:. 2454:. 2431:. 2421:. 2409:. 2405:. 2381:. 2369:14 2367:. 2363:. 2340:. 2328:. 2305:. 2297:. 2285:65 2283:. 2279:. 2252:. 2239:^ 2227:}} 2223:{{ 2173:. 2142:. 2132:. 2118:. 2112:. 2100:^ 1879:. 1863:, 1847:c. 1831:, 1761:CO 1591:, 1445:, 1368:, 1364:, 1360:, 1356:, 1329:; 1313:, 1294:. 479:. 210:: 197:: 104:Pg 46:– 39:Ma 6927:e 6920:t 6913:v 6841:? 6833:? 6825:? 6817:? 6809:? 6801:? 6793:? 6742:? 6706:? 6698:? 6676:? 6654:? 6607:? 6599:? 6591:? 6583:? 6560:? 6552:? 6537:? 6529:? 6460:? 6410:? 6272:? 6264:? 6256:? 6248:? 6223:? 6174:? 6166:? 6132:? 6124:? 6109:? 6101:? 6079:? 5918:? 5903:? 5825:? 5803:? 5788:? 5681:? 5673:? 5665:? 5657:? 5642:? 5634:? 5619:? 5594:? 5586:? 5578:? 5570:? 5474:? 5459:? 5437:? 5306:? 5291:? 5283:? 5247:? 5232:? 5185:? 5149:? 5134:? 4941:e 4934:t 4927:v 4881:) 4857:) 4803:) 4794:) 4770:) 4761:) 4723:) 4714:) 4705:) 4696:) 4687:) 4678:) 4669:) 4660:) 4651:) 4642:) 4633:) 4624:) 4615:) 4606:) 4540:) 4531:) 4507:) 4483:) 4474:) 4465:) 4420:) 4411:) 4303:e 4296:t 4289:v 4238:. 4207:. 4183:: 4175:: 4169:7 4148:. 4121:. 4073:. 4046:. 4019:. 4002:. 3976:. 3972:: 3945:) 3931:. 3906:. 3874:: 3847:. 3819:: 3811:: 3784:. 3762:: 3732:. 3704:: 3677:. 3657:: 3630:. 3610:: 3583:. 3553:: 3523:. 3509:: 3481:. 3459:: 3423:. 3403:: 3395:: 3366:. 3352:: 3325:. 3298:. 3278:: 3270:: 3209:. 3203:: 3174:. 3122:. 3093:. 3069:. 3049:: 3024:. 2993:. 2959:. 2910:: 2859:. 2816:. 2810:: 2794:" 2790:" 2774:. 2768:: 2752:" 2748:" 2735:. 2709:. 2688:. 2653:. 2627:. 2597:. 2579:. 2550:. 2521:. 2515:: 2488:. 2474:: 2466:: 2439:. 2417:: 2389:. 2375:: 2348:. 2336:: 2330:6 2313:. 2291:: 2264:. 2260:: 2233:) 2219:. 2183:. 2150:. 2126:: 2120:9 1767:2 1763:2 1758:2 1524:. 1508:/ 1479:/ 1449:/ 953:† 933:† 879:† 852:† 825:† 784:† 764:† 744:† 717:† 697:† 670:† 650:† 630:† 444:( 436:( 376:† 359:† 349:† 339:† 322:† 312:† 302:† 109:N 99:K 94:J 89:T 84:P 79:C 74:D 69:S 64:O 59:Ꞓ 23:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index