40:
1406:
1783:"until the world is changed, and all the days of her life are utterly forgotten by men that come after ... and with the passing of Evenstar no more is said in this book of the days of old." West observes that this points up a "highly unusual" aspect of Tolkien's legendarium among modern fantasy: it is set "in the real world but in an imagined prehistory." As a result, West explains, Tolkien can build what he likes in that distant past, elves and wizards and hobbits and all the rest, provided that he tears it all down again, so that the modern world can emerge from the wreckage, with nothing but "
1680:
279:
197:
91:, though the subsequent history of Arda was divided into three time periods using different years, known as the Years of the Lamps, the Years of the Trees, and the Years of the Sun. A separate, overlapping chronology divides the history into 'Ages of the Children of IlĂșvatar'. The first such Age began with the Awakening of the Elves during the Years of the Trees and continued for the first six centuries of the Years of the Sun. All the subsequent Ages took place during the Years of the Sun. Most
1820:, the world was flat. In the Fall, it became round; further geological events reshaped the continents into the Earth as it now is. All the same, the old tales survive here and there, resulting in mentions of Dwarves and Elves in real Medieval literature. Thus, Tolkien's imagined mythology "is an attempt to reconstruct our pre-history." Lee and Solopova comment that "Only by understanding this can we fully realize the true scale of his project and comprehend how enormous his achievement was."
949:
754:
444:, the port-city of the Teleri, who forbade them from taking their ships for the journey to Middle-earth. The first Kinslaying thus ensued, and the Noldor that partook were exiled indefinitely. FĂ«anor and his children in return swore an oath to retake the Silmarils, that the Valar turned to a curse over the house of FĂ«anor. FĂ«anor's host sailed on the boats, leaving Fingolfin's host behind â who crossed over to Middle-earth on the
1117:. Rivendell also became a prominent haven for the Elves and other races. Throughout the Age, they chose not to mingle much in the matters of other lands, and only came to the aid of other races in time of war. The Elves devoted themselves to artistic pleasures, and tended to the lands which they occupied. The gradual decline of Elven populations occurred throughout the Age as the rise of Sauron came to dominate
919:, the Ringwraiths). Sauron then made war on the elves and nearly destroyed them utterly during the Dark Years, but when it seemed defeat was imminent, the NĂșmenĂłreans joined the battle and completely crushed the forces of Sauron. Sauron never forgot the ruin brought on his armies by the NĂșmenĂłreans, and made it his goal to destroy them.
883:. The NĂșmenĂłreans became great seafarers, and were learned, wise, and had a lifespan beyond other men. At first, they honored the Ban of the Valar, never sailing into the Undying Lands. They went east to Middle-earth and taught the men living there valuable skills. After a time, they became jealous of the Elves for their immortality.
927:, humbled Sauron â his armies deserting in the face of NĂșmenor's might â and brought him to NĂșmenor as a hostage, although this was Sauron's goal. At this time still beautiful in appearance, Sauron gained Ar-PharazĂŽn's trust and became high priest in the cult of Melkor. At this time, the Faithful (who still worshipped the one god,
1376:. In a 1972 letter concerning this draft, Tolkien mentioned that Eldarion's reign would have lasted for about 100 years after the death of Aragorn. His realm was to be "great and long-enduring", but the lifespan of the royal house was not to be restored; it would continue to wane until it was like that of ordinary Men.
1938:
in the years 1000, 2000 and 3000, and notes on how this system of intercalation was disrupted by the designation of S.A. 3442 the first year of the Third Age. "After the
Downfall in S.A. 3319, the system was maintained by the exiles, but it was much dislocated by the beginning of the Third Age with a
1798:
At the end of his epic
Tolkien inserts ... some forebodings of future which will make Earth what it is today ... he shows the initial steps in a long process of retreat or disappearance by which all other intelligent species, which will leave man effectually alone on earth... Ents may still be there
1354:
Eldarion, son of
Aragorn II Elessar and Arwen Evenstar, became King of the Reunited Kingdom in F.A. 120. Aragorn gave him the tokens of his rule, and then surrendered his life willingly, as his ancestors had done thousands of years before. Arwen left him to rule alone, passing away to the now-empty
243:
lurked beyond the Walls of Night. During this time animals first appeared, and forests started to grow. The Spring of Arda was interrupted when Melkor returned to Arda, creating his fortress of Utumno (Udûn) beneath the Iron
Mountains in the far north. The period ended when Melkor assaulted and
1833:
that "no previous writer has, to my knowledge, created an imaginary world and a feigned history in such detail. By the time the reader has finished the trilogy, including the appendices to this last volume, he knows as much about
Tolkien's Middle Earth, its landscape, its fauna and flora, its
149:, then the most powerful of the Ainur, broke the harmony of the music, until IlĂșvatar began first a second theme, and then a third theme, which the Ainur could not comprehend since they were not the source of it. The essence of their song symbolized the history of the whole universe and the
843:
to beg the Valar for aid against
Morgoth. They responded, sending forth a great host. In the War of Wrath, Melkor was utterly defeated. He was expelled into the Void and most of his works were destroyed, bringing the First Age to an end. This came at a terrible cost, however, as most of
931:), were persecuted openly by those called the King's Men, and were sacrificed in the name of Melkor. Eventually, Sauron convinced Ar-PharazĂŽn to invade Aman, promising him that he would thus obtain immortality. Amandil, chief of the Faithful, sailed westward to warn the Valar. His son
118:
here, rooted in
Tolkien's own Christian faith. Arda is, as critics have noted, "our own green and solid Earth at some quite remote epoch in the past." As such, it has not only an immediate story but a history, and the whole thing is an "imagined prehistory" of the Earth as it is now.
914:
As soon as Sauron put on the One Ring, the Elves realized that they had been betrayed and removed the Three (Sauron eventually obtained the Seven and the Nine. While he was unable to suborn the Dwarf ringbearers, he had more success with the Men who bore the Nine; they became the
922:
Towards the end of the age, the NĂșmenĂłreans became increasingly haughty. Now they sought to dominate other men and to establish kingdoms. Centuries after Tar-Minastir's engagement, when Sauron had largely recovered, Ar-PharazĂŽn, the last and most powerful of the Kings of
1834:
peoples, their languages, their history, their cultural habits, as, outside his special field, he knows about the actual world." The scholar
Margaret Hiley comments that Auden's "feigned history" echoes Tolkien's own statement in the foreword to the second edition of
456:
and used them to create the Moon and Sun, which remained a part of Arda, but were separate from Ambar (the world). The first rising of the sun over Ambar heralded the end of the Years of the Trees, and the start of the Years of the Sun, which last to the present day.
1544:. The central idea was that there was once a unified set of meanings in an ancient language, and that modern languages are derived from this by fragmentation of meaning. Tolkien took this to imply the separation of peoples, in particular the complicated and repeated
1756:
I imagine the gap to be about 6000 years; that is we are now at the end of the Fifth Age if the Ages were of about the same length as Second Age and Third Age. But they have, I think, quickened; and I imagine we are actually at the end of the Sixth Age, or in the
1425:
In a letter, Tolkien wrote that "This legendarium ends with a vision of the end of the world , its breaking and remaking, and the recovery of the
Silmarilli and the 'light before the Sun' â after a final battle which owes, I suppose, more to the Norse vision of
1872:
have noted that it makes more sense to call it the history of Arda, as Middle-earth was just one continent, and the early part of the history largely concerns another continent, Aman (Valinor), not to mention the creation and destruction of the island of
1898:. In the 1930s and 1940s Tolkien used a figure which fluctuated slightly around ten before settling on 9.582 solar years in each Valian year. However, in the 1950s, Tolkien decided to use a much greater value of 144 solar years per Valian year.
1982:
to go on in 1956, but he commented that "From the appendices readers will get tantalizing glimpses of the First and Second Ages" and hoped that as the "legend of these" had already been written, readers would not have to wait too long for
1578:
as formative; he began his Middle-earth writings at that time. Flieger suggests that Middle-earth arose not only from
Tolkien's own wartime experience, but out of that of his dead schoolfriends Geoffrey Bache Smith and Rob Gilson.
439:
Bitter at the Valar's inactivity, FĂ«anor and his house left to pursue Melkor, cursing him with the name "Morgoth". While his brother Finarfin chose to stay in Valinor, a larger host led by Fingolfin followed FĂ«anor. They reached
1334:
With the end of the Third Age began the Dominion of Men. Elves were no longer involved in Human affairs, and most Elves left for Valinor; those that remain behind "fade" and diminish. A similar fate meets the Dwarves: although
911:, a grandson of FĂ«anor, forged three mighty rings on his own: Vilya, possessed first by the Elven king Gil-galad, then by Elrond; Nenya, wielded by Galadriel; and Narya, given by Celebrimbor to CĂrdan, who gave it to Gandalf.
1501:
the successive splintering of the original created light, via the Two Lamps, the Two Trees, and the Silmarils, as the wills of different beings conflict. She states that for Tolkien, this creative light was equated with the
1815:
describes events "presented as factual" but taking place before Earth's actual recorded history. What happened is processed through the generations as folk-myths and legends, especially among the (Old) English. Before the
231:
forged two great pillar-like mountains, Helcar in the north and Ringil in the south. Illuin was set upon Helcar and Ormal upon Ringil. In the middle, where the light of the lamps mingled, the Valar dwelt at the island of
1907:
Tolkien states that 1 Valian year is 1000 Valian days of 12 Valian hours. A Valian hour is 7 solar hours, making a Valian year 84,000 solar hours. A solar year is about 8,766 solar hours, so a Valian year is 9.582 solar
1384:
Later Ages continue up to modern times, the remade Arda being equated with Earth. With the loss of all its peoples except Man, and the reshaping of the continents, all that is left of Middle-earth is a dim memory in
1968:
Tolkien wrote "I have written nothing beyond the first few years of the Fourth Age. (Except the beginning of a tale supposed to refer to the end of the reign of Eldarion about 100 years after the death of Aragorn.
1715:
Those days, the Third Age of Middle-earth, are now long past, and the shape of all lands has been changed; but the regions in which Hobbits then lived were doubtless the same as those in which they still linger:
879:; and it was said that while that tree stood in the King's courtyard, the reign of NĂșmenor would endure. The Elves were granted pardon for the sins of FĂ«anor, and were allowed to return home to the
972:, a sailing route from Middle-earth to Aman, accessible to the Elves but not to mortals, persisted. NĂșmenor was utterly destroyed, as was the fair body of Sauron; however, his spirit returned to
976:, where he again took up the One Ring, and gathered his strength once more. Elendil, his sons and the remainder of the Faithful sailed to Middle-earth, where they founded the realms in exile of
1497:("Creation of Myth"), where he speaks of "man, sub-creator, the refracted light / through whom is splintered from a single White / to many hues, and endlessly combined / in living shapes".
381:
came into Middle-earth and, in the War of the Powers (also called the Battle of the Powers), defeated Melkor and brought him captive to Valinor. This began the period of the Peace of Arda.
796:
and laid siege to Morgoth's stronghold Angband. The Noldor for a time maintained the Siege of Angband, resulting in the Long Peace. This Peace lasted hundreds of years, during which time
1074:, and their fall. Arnor was divided into three petty Kingdoms, which fell one by one in the wars with Sauron's vassal kingdom of Angmar, whilst Gondor fell victim to Kin-strife, plague,
1939:
new numeration: S.A. 3442 became T.A. 1. By making T.A. 4 a leap year instead of T.A. 3 (S.A. 3444) 1 more short year of only 365 days was intruded". In addition, several sections of
871:
At the start of the Second Age, the Men who had remained faithful were given the island of NĂșmenor, in the middle of the Great Sea, and there they established a powerful kingdom. The
436:, three gems crafted by FĂ«anor that contained light of the Two Trees, from his vault, and destroyed the Trees of the Valar. The world was again dark, save for the faint starlight.
448:(Grinding Ice) in the far north, losing many. The War of the Great Jewels followed, and lasted until the end of the First Age. Meanwhile, the Valar took the last living fruit of
5387:
219:, it was still lifeless and had no distinct geographical features. The initial shape of Arda, chosen by the Valar, was much more symmetrical, including the central continent of
839:, had taken from Morgoth. But FĂ«anor's sons still maintained that all the Silmarils belonged to them, and so there were two more Kinslayings. EĂ€rendil and Elwing crossed the
1799:
in our forests, but what forests have we left? The process of extermination is already well under way in the Third Age, and ... Tolkien bitterly deplores its climax today."
1711:
at some quite remote epoch in the past." Kocher notes Tolkien's statement in the Prologue, equating Middle-earth with the actual Earth, separated by a long period of time:
5408:
322:(the golden tree) in the land of Valinor. The Trees illuminated Valinor, leaving Middle-earth in darkness. The Years of the Trees were contemporary with Middle-earth's
4650:
1372:, which would have taken place in Eldarion's reign, and in which Eldarion deals with his people turning to evil practices â in effect, a repetition of the history of
5229:
1521:. Similarly, she notes, the struggles of Elves and Men corrupted by Morgoth and his spiritual descendant Sauron echo those of Adam and Eve tempted by Satan in the
1359:
where she died. Upon the death of Aragorn, Legolas departed Middle-earth for Valinor, taking Gimli with him and ending the Fellowship of the Ring in Middle-earth.
1003:, his father's shattered sword, and cut the One Ring from Sauron's hand. Sauron was defeated, but not utterly destroyed. Afterward, Isildur ignored the counsel of
264:. After the destruction of the Two Lamps the Years of the Lamps ended and the Years of the Trees began. A Valian Year was considerably longer than a solar year.
244:
destroyed the Lamps of the Valar. Arda was again darkened, and the fall of the great Lamps spoiled the symmetry of Arda's surface. New continents were created:
1434:
than to anything else, though it is not much like it." The concept of Dagor Dagorath appears in many of Tolkien's manuscripts that were published by his son
1687:
in the distant past. With the loss of all its peoples except Man, and the reshaping of the continents, all that is left of Middle-earth is a dim memory in
176:, the "void" without. The first 15 of the Ainur that descended to Arda, and the most powerful ones, were called Valar; the lesser Ainur were called Maiar.
983:
Sauron arose again and challenged them. The Elves allied with Men to form the Last Alliance of Elves and Men. For seven years, the Alliance laid siege to
1160:, on the east of Middle-earth's western lands; in Wilderland it killed more than half the population. In the following year the Great Plague spread into
945:, gifts of the elves. When the King's forces set foot on Aman, the Valar laid down their guardianship of the world and called on IlĂșvatar to intervene.
227:, and was lit by the misty light that veiled the barren ground. The Valar concentrated this light in two large lamps, called Illuin and Ormal. The Vala
5089:
5352:
2937:
465:
The Years of the Sun were the last of the three great time-periods of Arda. They began with the first sunrise in conjunction with the return of the
5317:
1203: 2460, when Sauron returned with new strength. During this period Gondor strengthened its borders, keeping a watchful eye on the east, as
895:. Seven Rings were made for the Dwarves, while Nine were made for Men who later became known as the Ringwraiths. He built a stronghold called
5359:
5192:
365:
kindling the stars above Middle-earth. This was the first time after the Spring of Arda that Middle-earth was illuminated. The first Elves
5243:
4737:
1934:. Appendix A contains genealogies of the royal house of NĂșmenor. Appendix D gives details of the NĂșmenĂłrean calendar, including special
1000:
5071:
4507:
868:, and the early wars of the Rings between Sauron and the Elves. It ended with Sauron's defeat by the Last Alliance of Elves and Men.
416:. After Melkor appeared to repent and was released after his servitude of three Ages, he stirred up rivalry between the Noldorin King
239:
This period, known as the Spring of Arda, was a time when the Valar had ordered the World as they wished and rested upon Almaren, and
4702:
939:
and AnĂĄrion prepared to flee eastwards, taking with them a seedling of the White Tree of NĂșmenor before Sauron destroyed it, and the
333:
The Years of the Trees were divided into two epochs. The first ten ages, the Days of Bliss, saw peace and prosperity in Valinor. The
1732:
In a letter written in 1958, Tolkien states that while the time is invented, the place, planet Earth, is not (italics in original):
5303:
1589:, and that it is "full of extended and terrifying scenes of battle"; she notes that the streetfighting is described over 16 pages.
5296:
1290:
4797:
4541:
3646:
1930:
outlines the major events of the Second Age, especially as they relate to the Rings of Power and the events and characters of
4885:
4677:
4665:
3615:
3581:
3553:
3489:
3457:
3425:
3329:
3278:
3250:
3222:
3164:
3115:
3087:
3061:
3033:
2976:
2950:
2922:
1882:
The meaning of "years" in this context is problematic. The Valian years measure the passage of time after the arrival of the
1397:. Tolkien estimated that the Fourth Age began approximately 6,000 years ago, and that we would now be in the 6th or 7th Age.
5056:
3968:
1890:
after the first sunrise, but Tolkien provided no dates for events in Aman after that point. Valian years are not used for
1791:
1917:
Tolkien estimated that the Fourth Age began approximately 6,000 years ago and that we would now be in the 6th or 7th Age
1480:
1466:
1368:
1144:
but, under the power of the Ring and ignorant of its true nature, he retreated with the Ring to a secret life under the
5380:
5254:
4807:
4687:
3306:
3196:
3005:
5345:
4772:
3521:
273:
141:. IlĂșvatar created spirits named the Ainur from his thoughts, and some were considered brothers or sisters. IlĂșvatar
103:
765:, began during the Years of the Trees when the Elves awoke at Cuiviénen, and hence the events mentioned above under
4777:
4732:
4682:
4670:
4566:
4551:
3944:
1606:
1533:
1329:
5261:
5212:
5138:
5080:
4855:
4637:
4206:
3830:
2992:
2908:
1600:
5401:
5373:
4833:
4752:
4712:
3786:
3264:
3236:
1557:
1348:
253:
5310:
4860:
4742:
3774:
3671:
2428:
1771:
1121:. By the end of the Third Age, only fragments of the once-grand Elven civilization survived in Middle-earth.
4850:
4812:
4660:
4655:
1152:
originated in its vast eastern region, Rhûn, where it caused considerable suffering. By the winter of late
107:
99:
39:
1251:, where most of their kin now gathered. Meanwhile, Sauron created a strong alliance between the tribes of
784:, who reached Beleriand after FĂ«anor's death. In the Dagor Aglareb ("Glorious Battle"), the armies of the
5222:
4870:
4645:
4001:
3936:
3900:
3594:(2006). "'And All the Days of Her Life Are Forgotten': 'The Lord of the Rings' as Mythic Prehistory". In
3540:
3476:
3318:
Hobbits, Elves, and Wizards: Exploring the Wonders and Worlds of J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings
3079:
3053:
2861:
1935:
1864:
1440:
1128:
arrived around a thousand years after the start of this period to aid the Free Peoples, most importantly
31:
489:
in Tolkien's stories. Tolkien estimated that modern times would correspond to the sixth or seventh age.
5430:
4880:
4762:
4757:
4722:
4528:
4040:
3730:
3639:
3607:
3344:
3025:
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1032:
1011:
for his dead father. But the Ring betrayed him and slipped from his finger as he was escaping from an
5394:
5289:
5202:
5106:
4957:
4921:
4354:
4025:
3951:
3767:
3101:
1405:
1252:
473:, and last until the present day. The Years of the Sun began towards the end of the First Age of the
132:
5331:
5197:
4892:
4865:
4843:
4787:
4546:
3683:
3292:
3182:
1625:. Like the Olympians, the Valar live in the world, but on a high mountain, separated from mortals;
1513:
remarks on the biblical theme of the conflict between the creator Eru IlĂșvatar and the fallen Vala
3849:
5152:
5000:
4904:
4717:
4697:
4692:
4127:
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3184:
The Keys of Middle-earth: Discovering Medieval Literature Through the Fiction of J. R. R. Tolkien
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because they were disturbed by the recent war. However, Elven kingdoms still survived in Lindon,
552:
413:
17:
1634:
735:. This marked the start of the years when the Children of IlĂșvatar were active in Middle-earth.
716:
474:
370:
346:
150:
5275:
5015:
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4802:
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4196:
4152:
4132:
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3737:
3376:
3150:
1779:'s death, but the statement that her grave will remain on the hill of Cerin Amroth in what was
1545:
813:
744:
724:
366:
358:
4222:
3875:
1536:
from a once-perfect state. She identifies a theory of decline that influenced Tolkien, namely
1199:
and the evil dwelling there (later known to be Sauron) fled to the far east. It lasted until
808:("Battle of Sudden Flame"). The Elves, Men, and Dwarves were all disastrously defeated in the
290:; the rest of Arda was dark at that time. The outlines of the continents are purely schematic.
5435:
5131:
4934:
4875:
4838:
4817:
4767:
4747:
4727:
4480:
4267:
4242:
4137:
4081:
4073:
3993:
3928:
3744:
3723:
3632:
3382:
3350:
3242:
3130:
1125:
1062:
1039:
393:
256:) in the East. At the site of the northern lamp was later the inland Sea of Helcar, of which
142:
1752:
In the same letter, he places the beginning of the Fourth Age some 6,000 years in the past:
887:, Morgoth's chief servant, was still active. As Annatar, in disguise he taught the Elves of
5166:
5159:
5146:
4980:
4707:
4610:
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1665:: they are associated with fire, and are punished for rebelling against the gods' decrees.
1585:
1503:
1409:
Tolkien likened the Last Battle, Dagor Dagorath, that ends "the world" (Arda) to the Norse
1344:
1340:
1236:
1224:
1185:
1087:
812:("Battle of Unnumbered Tears"), and one by one, the kingdoms fell, even the hidden ones of
690:
582:
362:
342:
334:
283:
4262:
3919:
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1310:, thus for the last time adding Elvish blood to the royal line. As the age ends, Gandalf,
1168:. In Gondor the Plague caused many deaths, including King Telemnar, his children, and the
836:
8:
5207:
4605:
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4430:
4385:
4169:
4115:
3535:
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3471:
3439:
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2960:
2763:
1883:
1717:
1580:
1571:
1435:
1315:
1228:
797:
494:
245:
216:
72:
68:
968:
The world was changed into a sphere and the continent of Aman was removed, although the
5010:
3678:
3321:
3270:
3188:
3178:
2903:
2866:
1829:
1808:
1303:
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1212:
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1052:, when he was defeated by the Last Alliance of Elves and Men following the downfall of
1012:
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392:
westwards towards Aman. Along the journey several groups of Elves tarried, notably the
201:
158:
154:
84:
3127:"Aspects of modernism in the works of C.S. Lewis, J.R.R. Tolkien and Charles Williams"
1817:
872:
369:
in Cuiviénen in the middle of Middle-earth, marking the start of the First Age of the
5366:
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5268:
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5173:
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4033:
3985:
3611:
3577:
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3391:
3359:
3325:
3302:
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3111:
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3057:
3029:
3001:
2972:
2946:
2918:
1493:
1079:
1043:
969:
961:
172:, "globed within the void": the world together with the three airs is set apart from
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777:
748:
5338:
4018:
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3563:
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3355:
3339:
3019:
1947:
1941:
1622:
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953:
52:
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1679:
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of the Valar summoned the Elves to Aman. Many of the Elves went with Oromë on the
5324:
4995:
4410:
3599:
3591:
3214:
3206:
3047:
2997:
2538:
2442:, Appendix B: "Later events concerning the members of the Fellowship of the Ring"
1762:
1745:
1610:
1472:
1448:, where the eventual fate of Arda is left open-ended in the closing lines of the
1281:
1240:
1145:
1057:
1007:, and rather than destroy the One Ring in the fires of Mount Doom, he kept it as
772:
Having crossed into Middle-earth, FĂ«anor was soon lost in an attack on Morgoth's
761:
The First Age of the Children of IlĂșvatar, also referred to as the Elder Days in
278:
4975:
3604:
The Lord of the Rings, 1954-2004: Scholarship in Honor of Richard E. Blackwelder
1790:
West praises and quotes Kocher on Tolkien's imagined prehistory and the implied
1748:
in 'space'... Many reviewers seem to assume that Middle-earth is another planet!
928:
586: Varda lights the stars, the Elves awaken, the First Age begins
196:
138:
5100:
4965:
4485:
4282:
3753:
3260:
3232:
3146:
3071:
3043:
3015:
2914:
1869:
1725:
1704:
1532:
Flieger has observed that the splintering of the created light is a process of
1522:
1488:
1484:
1016:
892:
861:
224:
3812:
2014:
128:
76:
5424:
5051:
4990:
3573:
3568:
3395:
3298:
3174:
3156:
3107:
2987:
1804:
1537:
1314:
and many of the remaining Elves of Middle-earth sail from the Grey Havens to
1311:
880:
667:
389:
261:
4415:
2347:
2188:, "The Annals of Aman", §§ 5-10 "Of the Beginning of Time and its Reckoning"
1952:
1728:. Of their original home the Hobbits in Bilboâs time preserved no knowledge.
1609:
that scholars have proposed as possibly important on the history of Arda is
1356:
1110:
960:
is removed from Arda; only the Elves remain able to reach it by sailing the
643:
441:
5125:
5066:
5025:
5005:
4985:
4561:
4342:
3655:
3363:
1895:
1765:
writes that one of the "very final passages" of the internal chronology of
1248:
1204:
1177:
1118:
1067:
1020:
948:
828:
757:
Arda in the First Age. The outlines of the continents are purely schematic.
732:
556:
470:
299:
249:
220:
168:, which means "to be," the universe itself, and formed within it Arda, the
92:
88:
43:
Tolkien meant Arda to be "our own green and solid Earth", seen here in the
1048:
The Third Age lasted for 3021 years, beginning with the first downfall of
984:
896:
728:
445:
302:, moving to the continent of Aman. There they built their Second Kingdom,
257:
5030:
4217:
3288:
2932:
2857:
1824:
1575:
1562:
Scholars including Flieger have noted that if Tolkien intended to create
1526:
1510:
908:
865:
323:
115:
56:
4475:
4184:
4179:
1583:
writes that Tolkien's first prose work after returning from the war was
1429:
1410:
941:
856:
The Second Age is characterized by the establishment and flourishing of
832:
753:
95:
stories take place in the first three Ages of the Children of IlĂșvatar.
5046:
5020:
4317:
3715:
2739:
1945:
deal extensively with NĂșmenor and several of its kings. At the end of
1780:
1662:
1280:
had recovered, and was seeking the One Ring. The events of the ensuing
1264:
1196:
1169:
1157:
1075:
904:
486:
478:
30:"History of Middle-earth" redirects here. For the series of books, see
4556:
4370:
2986:
Donovan, Leslie A. (2020) . "Middle-earth Mythology: An Overview". In
1614:
1373:
1141:
1098:; but the line of rightful heirs remains unbroken throughout the age.
1053:
924:
857:
780:
survived and founded realms, as did the followers of his half-brother
657:
4497:
4445:
4435:
4365:
4322:
4307:
4292:
4247:
4237:
3126:
1891:
1784:
1721:
1696:
1394:
1269:
1200:
1192:
1173:
1153:
1095:
992:
876:
845:
824:
801:
781:
626:
591:
482:
429:
425:
327:
311:
44:
4232:
1658:
1339:
becomes an ally of the Reunited Kingdom, there are indications that
1090:
from the fallen kingdom of Arnor wander Middle-earth, aided only by
916:
421:
4970:
4576:
4490:
4420:
4405:
4390:
4142:
1839:
1787:, a few vague legends and confused traditions..." to show for it.
1688:
1646:
1630:
1618:
1386:
1137:
1114:
1019:. Isildur was killed by an orc arrow, and the Ring was lost in the
1008:
900:
840:
817:
789:
685:
597:
433:
361:. The next ten ages, called the Noontide of the Blessed Realm, saw
4252:
823:
At the end of the age, all that remained of free Elves and Men in
417:
385:
4625:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4470:
4450:
4375:
4332:
4312:
4277:
4272:
4257:
4227:
3958:
1887:
1650:
1642:
1514:
1295:
1165:
1133:
1129:
1106:
1070:. The Third Age saw the rise in power of the realms of Arnor and
996:
988:
957:
936:
932:
888:
793:
663:
622:
566:
374:
350:
307:
303:
295:
287:
240:
233:
146:
2203:, ch. 3 "Of the Coming of the Elves and the Captivity of Melkor"
2063:, ch. 3 "Of the Coming of the Elves and the Captivity of Melkor"
1176:
was decimated, and government of the kingdom was transferred to
354:
228:
4620:
4571:
4425:
4395:
4337:
4327:
4302:
4164:
4147:
4091:
3624:
1956:
1692:
1390:
1336:
1299:
1277:
1244:
1220:
1208:
1181:
1161:
1091:
1082:. In this time, the line of the Kings of Gondor ends, with the
1071:
1066:. Virtually the entire history of the Third Age takes place in
1049:
1004:
977:
973:
884:
785:
773:
649:
541:
537:
466:
409:
405:
401:
397:
377:
who hoped to enslave them. Learning of this, the Valar and the
106:
as different wills come into conflict. Scholars have noted the
1955:" recounts the fall of NĂșmenor and its kings, and the rise of
252:
proper in the middle, the uninhabited lands (later called the
4615:
4400:
4174:
4120:
4103:
4086:
2227:, ch. 18 "Of the Ruin of Beleriand and the Fall of Fingolfin"
1776:
1708:
1684:
1518:
1307:
1298:
takes his place as King of the Reunited Kingdom of Arnor and
1216:
995:, the last High King of the Noldor in Middle-earth. However,
835:
possessed the Silmaril which his wife Elwing's grandparents,
562:
498:
378:
212:
169:
111:
5409:
The Ring of Words: Tolkien and the Oxford English Dictionary
165:
80:
2681:
2679:
1811:
make "an attempt at a summary", which runs as follows. The
1638:
1626:
1188:
suffered "great loss" in what they called the Dark Plague.
952:
The Downfall of NĂșmenor and the Changing of the World. The
2799:
2751:
2629:
2415:, "The Making of Appendix A", '(IV) Durin's Folk', p. 278.
987:, until at last Sauron himself entered the field. He slew
860:, the rise of Sauron in Middle-earth, the creation of the
294:
After the destruction of the Two Lamps and the kingdom of
260:
was a bay. At the site of the southern lamp was later the
4191:
4159:
3152:
Master of Middle-earth: The Achievement of J.R.R. Tolkien
2596:
1105:. In the beginning of the Third Age, many Elves left for
792:
attacked from the east and west, destroying the invading
338:
200:
The Spring of Arda, lit by the two great lamps. Based on
3103:
Tolkien and the Great War: The Threshold of Middle-earth
2727:
2715:
2676:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2123:, ch. 11 "Of the Sun and Moon and the Hiding of Valinor"
2044:
2042:
3021:
Splintered Light: Logos and Language in Tolkien's World
2281:, ch. 24 Of the Voyage of Earendil and the War of Wrath
2087:, ch. 7 "Of the Silmarils and the Unrest of the Noldor"
2775:
2664:
2196:
2194:
1284:
leading to the end of the Third Age is the subject of
2823:
2811:
2703:
2577:
2164:, #211 to Rhona Beare, 14 October 1958, last footnote
2039:
3076:
Interrupted Music: The Making of Tolkien's Mythology
2835:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2644:
1838:
that he much preferred history, true or feigned, to
47:
mountains, "at some quite remote epoch in the past".
3049:
A Question of Time: J.R.R. Tolkien's Road to Faërie
2787:
2191:
2075:, ch. 5 "Of Eldamar and the Princes of the Eldalië"
1649:, but with the gender roles reversed. He mentioned
1343:is refounded together with a colony established by
1060:and final defeat of Sauron, the events narrated in
710:
588: Melkor is defeated and imprisoned
2247:
2245:
2239:, ch. 20 "Of the Fifth Battle: Nirnaeth Arnoediad"
1668:
2881:
2641:
2310:, Appendix B: The Tale of Years. "The Second Age"
2303:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2287:
5422:
2513:
2379:, Appendix B: The Tale of Years, "The Third Age"
2372:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2111:, ch. 6 "Of FĂ«anor and the Unchaining of Melkor"
1637:, the Lord of the Air and King of the Valar, to
1467:Christianity in Middle-earth § The creation
1101:This age was characterized by the waning of the
1031:"Third Age" redirects here. For other uses, see
400:. The three clans that arrived at Aman were the
357:respectively, but placed into slumber until the
2530:
2528:
2242:
1427:
1351:. Together, they disappear from human history.
723:) began during the Years of the Trees when the
547: Melkor destroys the Two Lamps
3211:J. R. R. Tolkien: Myth, Morality, and Religion
2284:
1740:, but kept my feet on my own mother-earth for
1487:calls its prose "appropriately 'scriptural'".
907:to control the other rings and their bearers.
3640:
2852:
2850:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2462:
2460:
2353:
2215:, ch. 17 "Of the Coming of Men into the West"
2006:
2004:
1862:Christopher Tolkien called his 12-volume set
1842:; and that Middle-earth's history is told in
1219:. In the north, Arnor was long gone, but the
769:overlap with the beginning of the First Age.
666:removed from Arda; only Elves can travel the
5360:Tolkien: A Look Behind The Lord of the Rings
2544:
2525:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2141:
1744:. I prefer that to the contemporary mode of
1736:I have, I suppose, constructed an imaginary
1621:. The Valar borrow many attributes from the
1460:
1362:Tolkien once considered writing a sequel to
1156: 1635 the Plague spread from Rhûn into
632: Most of Beleriand drowned
5318:The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion
3173:
2772:, Preface, pp. xiiiâxviii, 309, and passim.
2700:, pp. 6â61, 89â90, 144-145 and passim.
2658:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2266:, ch. 23 "Of Tuor and the Fall of Gondolin"
2029:
2027:
2025:
2023:
1886:in Arda. The Valian years were measured in
1794:to lead from fantasy to the modern world:
1471:Scholars, noting that Tolkien was a devout
1306:. Aragorn marries the daughter of Elrond,
137:The supreme deity of Tolkien's universe is
3647:
3633:
3297:(Third ed.). The Lost Straight Road:
2847:
2484:
2457:
2313:
2001:
1641:. Tolkien compared Beren and LĂșthien with
87:. Time from that point was measured using
27:History of J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth
2902:
2862:"Books: At the End of the Quest, Victory"
2550:
2534:
2495:
2469:, #338 to Fr. Douglas Carter, 6 June 1972
2466:
2274:
2272:
2161:
2138:
1703:Arda is summed up by the Tolkien scholar
5353:Tolkien's Art: 'A Mythology for England'
5304:The J. R. R. Tolkien Companion and Guide
5230:Things named after Tolkien and his works
3338:
3259:
3231:
2938:Tolkien's Art: A 'Mythology for England'
2670:
2608:
2602:
2562:
2176:, "The Annals of Aman", section 1, p. 59
2020:
1678:
1481:echoes the Christian account of creation
1404:
947:
752:
682: Final defeat of Sauron
549: Arda's symmetry broken
373:, and were soon approached by the Enemy
277:
195:
38:
5297:J. R. R. Tolkien: Author of the Century
3562:
3530:
3498:
3466:
3434:
3402:
3370:
3315:
3287:
3263:(2003). "Fiction and Poetry, 1914â73".
3205:
3070:
3042:
3014:
2829:
2817:
2805:
2781:
2757:
2733:
2721:
2697:
2685:
2635:
2519:
2507:
2478:
2451:
2439:
2424:
2412:
2400:
2388:
2376:
2343:
2331:
2319:
2307:
2278:
2263:
2251:
2236:
2224:
2212:
2200:
2185:
2173:
2132:
2120:
2108:
2096:
2084:
2072:
2060:
2048:
2033:
2010:
1653:, too, in connection with TĂșrin in the
1540:'s theory of language in his 1928 book
1302:, restoring the line of Kings from the
1291:Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age
1255:, so that when he returned he had many
75:, following the creation events in the
14:
5423:
3145:
2931:
2841:
2745:
2709:
2590:
2269:
2135:, ch. 13 "Of the Return of the Noldor"
1574:has identified his experiences in the
1207:was still a threat on their flank and
1191:The so-called Watchful Peace began in
1086:ruling in their stead. Meanwhile, the
630: Thangorodrim broken
581: Yavanna creates the
3628:
3124:
3096:
2959:
2887:
2856:
2793:
2769:
2099:, ch. 8 "Of the Darkening of Valinor"
1926:"The Tale of Years" in Appendix B of
1613:. The disappearance of the island of
1172:; the population of the capital city
991:, High King of Gondor and Arnor, and
827:was a settlement at the mouth of the
684: Destruction of the
267:
191:
122:
3969:The History of The Lord of the Rings
3590:
2623:
1566:, in the history of Arda as told in
1227:prospered, getting their first Took
596: Melkor steals the
428:. With the help of the giant spider
282:Arda in the Years of the Trees. The
98:Major themes of the history are the
2965:War and the Works of J.R.R. Tolkien
2553:, #227 to Mrs Drijver, January 1961
2498:, #131 to Milton Waldman, late 1951
1629:, Lord of the Waters, owes much to
1551:
1215:. There were minor skirmishes with
1148:. Middle-earth's devastating Great
460:
223:. Middle-earth was also originally
79:and long ages of labour throughout
24:
5381:Tolkien, Race and Cultural History
5255:The Complete Guide to Middle-earth
2036:, ch. 1 "Of the Beginning of Days"
1594:
875:was planted in the King's city of
831:and another on the Isle of Balar.
654: World made round
25:
5447:
5346:Tolkien and the Invention of Myth
2254:, ch. 22 "Of the Ruin of Doriath"
1517:, mirroring that between God and
1444:series, but not in the published
1400:
1195: 2063, when Gandalf went to
804:. Morgoth broke the siege in the
534: Marring of Arda
274:Trees and forests in Middle-earth
3945:The Lost Road and Other Writings
3654:
3125:Hiley, Margaret Barbara (2006).
1330:Decline and fall in Middle-earth
711:Ages of the Children of IlĂșvatar
493:Tolkien situated the History of
432:, he killed Finwë and stole the
179:
104:splintering of the created light
5262:A Companion to J. R. R. Tolkien
5139:Poems and Songs of Middle Earth
4861:Finnish language and literature
3831:The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien
2993:A Companion to J. R. R. Tolkien
2909:The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien
2556:
2501:
2472:
2445:
2433:
2418:
2406:
2394:
2391:, Appendix A part I(iv), p. 328
2382:
2337:
2325:
2257:
2230:
2218:
2206:
2179:
2167:
2126:
2114:
2102:
2090:
2078:
2066:
2051:, "Myths Transformed", 9 "Aman"
1972:
1962:
1920:
1911:
1901:
1601:Tolkien and the classical world
186:
5402:The Worlds of J. R. R. Tolkien
5374:Tolkien: Maker of Middle-earth
4651:Ancestry as guide to character
3787:The Adventures of Tom Bombadil
3266:Tolkien: A Cultural Phenomenon
3238:Tolkien: A Critical Assessment
2911:: Revised and Expanded Edition
2054:
1876:
1856:
1558:The Great War and Middle-earth
1294:. After the defeat of Sauron,
452:and the last living flower of
13:
1:
5311:J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia
3775:The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen
2429:The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen
2403:, part 3 ch. 2(i) pp. 288â289
1990:
1772:The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen
1683:Tolkien imagined Arda as the
1379:
1321:
851:
384:After the War of the Powers,
2571:
2510:, ch. 3: "Quenta Noldorinwa"
1707:as "our own green and solid
1026:
738:
100:divine creation of the world
7:
4834:Tolkien's impact on fantasy
4002:The Peoples of Middle-earth
3937:The Shaping of Middle-earth
3541:The Peoples of Middle-earth
3477:The Shaping of Middle-earth
3080:Kent State University Press
3054:Kent State University Press
1865:The History of Middle-earth
1455:
1441:The History of Middle-earth
1272: 2941. By the time of
153:that were to dwell in it â
32:The History of Middle-earth
10:
5452:
4508:List of weapons and armour
4041:The Nature of Middle-earth
3731:The Fellowship of the Ring
3608:Marquette University Press
3345:The Fellowship of the Ring
3026:Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing
2896:
2334:, part 2: "The Second Age"
1995:
1672:
1598:
1570:he had made it very dark.
1555:
1464:
1327:
1180:. In Eriador, the nascent
1037:
1033:Third Age (disambiguation)
1030:
742:
603:
545:End of the Spring of Arda:
477:and continued through the
412:. They made their home in
271:
126:
29:
5395:Tolkien and the Great War
5242:
5203:Works inspired by Tolkien
5185:
5118:
5107:Nightfall in Middle-Earth
5039:
4956:
4947:
4922:The Atlas of Middle-earth
4913:
4826:
4636:
4527:
4520:
4463:
4353:
4205:
4067:
4056:
4026:The History of The Hobbit
4011:
3898:
3889:
3796:
3768:The Scouring of the Shire
3704:
3697:
3662:
3316:Stanton, Michael (2001).
2322:, Appendix D: "Calendars"
1461:Creation and sub-creation
1415:Battle of the Doomed Gods
1243:under Thorin I abandoned
693:depart from Middle-earth
518:
133:Cosmology of Middle-earth
5332:The Road to Middle-Earth
5198:Middle-earth Enterprises
3844:The three "Great Tales"
3294:The Road to Middle-Earth
2748:, Title page and passim.
2481:, "The Heirs of Elendil"
1849:
1211:was still occupied with
899:and secretly forged the
330:as the Great Darkness).
5153:An Evening in Rivendell
5026:Margrethe II of Denmark
4905:A mythology for England
2659:Lee & Solopova 2005
1675:A mythology for England
1657:. Flieger has compared
1564:a mythology for England
1475:, have stated that the
1428:
1419:Friedrich Wilhelm Heine
65:history of Middle-earth
5276:Master of Middle-Earth
4798:Psychological journeys
4362:First and Second Ages
4214:First and Second Ages
3976:The Notion Club Papers
3914:The Book of Lost Tales
3761:The Return of the King
3738:The Shadow of the Past
3377:The Return of the King
1801:
1759:
1750:
1730:
1700:
1546:sundering of the Elves
1499:She analyses in detail
1422:
965:
891:the craft of creating
758:
745:Sundering of the Elves
731:in the middle-east of
594:destroys the Two Trees
561: The
359:awakening of the Elves
318:(the silver tree) and
298:, the Valar abandoned
291:
208:
164:Then IlĂșvatar created
48:
5388:Tolkien's Legendarium
5132:The Road Goes Ever On
5074:The Lord of the Rings
5059:The Lord of the Rings
4935:A Map of Middle-earth
4678:Death and immortality
4481:Red Book of Westmarch
3994:The War of the Jewels
3929:The Lays of Beleriand
3850:The Children of HĂșrin
3745:The Council of Elrond
3724:The Lord of the Rings
3383:The Lord of the Rings
3351:The Lord of the Rings
3131:University of Glasgow
1980:The Lord of the Rings
1932:The Lord of the Rings
1928:The Lord of the Rings
1796:
1775:, ends not just with
1754:
1746:seeking remote globes
1734:
1713:
1682:
1673:Further information:
1669:"Imagined prehistory"
1599:Further information:
1556:Further information:
1491:cites Tolkien's poem
1465:Further information:
1408:
1364:The Lord of the Rings
1328:Further information:
1286:The Lord of the Rings
1274:The Lord of the Rings
1084:House of the Stewards
1063:The Lord of the Rings
1040:The Lord of the Rings
1038:Further information:
951:
873:White Tree of NĂșmenor
788:led by Fingolfin and
763:The Lord of the Rings
756:
743:Further information:
715:The First Age of the
281:
272:Further information:
236:upon the Great Lake.
206:Atlas of Middle-earth
199:
42:
5167:At Dawn in Rivendell
5160:A Night in Rivendell
5147:The Tolkien Ensemble
4981:Brothers Hildebrandt
4503:Two Trees of Valinor
3866:The Fall of Gondolin
2961:Croft, Janet Brennan
1807:and the medievalist
1803:The Tolkien scholar
1761:The Tolkien scholar
1586:The Fall of Gondolin
1288:, and summarized in
1056:and ending with the
999:took up the hilt of
717:Children of IlĂșvatar
698:Fourth Age and later
583:Two Trees of Valinor
475:Children of IlĂșvatar
371:Children of IlĂșvatar
284:Two Trees of Valinor
151:Children of IlĂșvatar
4671:Round World dilemma
4223:EĂ€rendil and Elwing
3876:The Fall of NĂșmenor
3610:. pp. 67â100.
3536:Christopher Tolkien
3504:Christopher Tolkien
3472:Christopher Tolkien
3440:Christopher Tolkien
3408:Christopher Tolkien
3207:Purtill, Richard L.
3179:Solopova, Elizabeth
3000:. pp. 92â106.
2904:Carpenter, Humphrey
2860:(22 January 1956).
2808:, pp. 52, 131.
2760:, pp. 139â142.
2638:, pp. 324â328.
1868:; scholars such as
1607:the many influences
1581:Janet Brennan Croft
1509:, the Divine Word.
1450:Quenta Silmarillion
1262:The main events of
1247:, and left for the
502:
5290:A Question of Time
5092:The Rings of Power
5011:Alexander Korotich
4808:Sound and language
4688:Dreams and visions
3322:Palgrave Macmillan
3271:Palgrave Macmillan
2867:The New York Times
2661:, pp. 256â257
2605:, pp. 89â133.
2454:, "The New Shadow"
1830:The New York Times
1809:Elizabeth Solopova
1701:
1423:
1304:Stewards of Gondor
966:
810:NĂrnaeth Arnoediad
767:Years of the Trees
759:
689:
662:
656:
648:
621:
609:First Age (cont'd)
590:
574:Years of the Trees
551:
536:
492:
485:, and part of the
345:were conceived by
292:
268:Years of the Trees
209:
202:Karen Wynn Fonstad
192:Years of the Lamps
123:Music of the Ainur
102:, followed by the
85:fictional universe
63:, also called the
49:
5431:Fictional history
5418:
5417:
5367:A Tolkien Compass
5283:Picturing Tolkien
5269:Interrupted Music
5238:
5237:
5174:Leaving Rivendell
4943:
4942:
4929:Journeys of Frodo
4783:Old Straight Road
4773:Naming of weapons
4516:
4515:
4263:LĂșthien and Beren
4052:
4051:
4034:Carl F. Hostetter
3885:
3884:
3858:Beren and LĂșthien
3839:Bilbo's Last Song
3617:978-0-87462-018-4
3596:Hammond, Wayne G.
3583:978-0-007-10504-5
3564:Tolkien, J. R. R.
3555:978-0-395-82760-4
3532:Tolkien, J. R. R.
3500:Tolkien, J. R. R.
3491:978-0-395-42501-5
3468:Tolkien, J. R. R.
3459:978-0-395-29917-3
3436:Tolkien, J. R. R.
3427:978-0-395-25730-2
3404:Tolkien, J. R. R.
3372:Tolkien, J. R. R.
3340:Tolkien, J. R. R.
3331:978-1-4039-6025-2
3280:978-1-4039-1263-3
3252:978-0-333-53896-8
3224:978-0-89870-948-3
3166:978-0-14-003877-4
3117:978-0-00711-953-0
3089:978-0-87338-824-5
3063:978-0-87338-699-9
3035:978-0-802-81955-0
2978:978-0-313-32592-2
2952:978-0-333-29034-7
2924:978-0-35-865298-4
2736:, pp. 65â87.
2724:, pp. 35â41.
2688:, pp. 44â49.
2626:, pp. 67â100
1836:Lord of the Rings
1792:process of fading
1767:Lord of the Rings
1655:Children of HĂșrin
1231:, and colonizing
970:Old Straight Road
962:Old Straight Road
848:itself was sunk.
837:Beren and LĂșthien
800:arrived over the
708:
707:
704:(to present day)
652:'s first downfall
617:War of the Jewels
615:Awakening of Men
604:Years of the Sun
143:made divine music
67:, began when the
16:(Redirected from
5443:
5339:Splintered Light
4954:
4953:
4778:Northern courage
4703:Environmentalism
4683:Decline and fall
4606:Tolkien's poetry
4525:
4524:
4243:FinwĂ« and MĂriel
4065:
4064:
4019:John D. Rateliff
3896:
3895:
3823:Unfinished Tales
3806:The Silmarillion
3702:
3701:
3667:J. R. R. Tolkien
3649:
3642:
3635:
3626:
3625:
3621:
3600:Scull, Christina
3592:West, Richard C.
3587:
3559:
3546:Houghton Mifflin
3527:
3514:Houghton Mifflin
3495:
3482:Houghton Mifflin
3463:
3450:Houghton Mifflin
3445:Unfinished Tales
3431:
3418:Houghton Mifflin
3413:The Silmarillion
3399:
3388:Houghton Mifflin
3367:
3356:Houghton Mifflin
3335:
3312:
3284:
3256:
3228:
3215:Harper & Row
3202:
3170:
3142:
3140:
3138:
3121:
3093:
3067:
3039:
3011:
2982:
2956:
2928:
2891:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2854:
2845:
2839:
2833:
2827:
2821:
2815:
2809:
2803:
2797:
2791:
2785:
2779:
2773:
2767:
2761:
2755:
2749:
2743:
2737:
2731:
2725:
2719:
2713:
2707:
2701:
2695:
2689:
2683:
2674:
2668:
2662:
2656:
2639:
2633:
2627:
2621:
2606:
2600:
2594:
2593:, pp. 8â11.
2588:
2566:
2560:
2554:
2548:
2542:
2541:, September 1954
2532:
2523:
2522:, pp. 85â90
2517:
2511:
2505:
2499:
2493:
2482:
2476:
2470:
2464:
2455:
2449:
2443:
2437:
2431:
2422:
2416:
2410:
2404:
2398:
2392:
2386:
2380:
2374:
2351:
2341:
2335:
2329:
2323:
2317:
2311:
2305:
2282:
2276:
2267:
2261:
2255:
2249:
2240:
2234:
2228:
2222:
2216:
2210:
2204:
2198:
2189:
2183:
2177:
2171:
2165:
2159:
2136:
2130:
2124:
2118:
2112:
2106:
2100:
2094:
2088:
2082:
2076:
2070:
2064:
2058:
2052:
2046:
2037:
2031:
2018:
2008:
1984:
1976:
1970:
1966:
1960:
1948:The Silmarillion
1942:Unfinished Tales
1924:
1918:
1915:
1909:
1905:
1899:
1880:
1874:
1860:
1844:The Silmarillion
1568:The Silmarillion
1552:A dark mythology
1534:decline and fall
1433:
1259:in his service.
1088:heirs of Isildur
954:earthly paradise
903:in the fires of
806:Dagor Bragollach
680:War of the Ring:
525:Days before days
503:
491:
461:Years of the Sun
324:Sleep of Yavanna
286:illuminated the
53:J. R. R. Tolkien
21:
5451:
5450:
5446:
5445:
5444:
5442:
5441:
5440:
5421:
5420:
5419:
5414:
5325:Perilous Realms
5245:
5234:
5181:
5114:
5057:Symphony No. 1
5035:
4996:Donato Giancola
4949:
4939:
4909:
4856:Classical world
4822:
4713:First World War
4632:
4512:
4459:
4411:Lonely Mountain
4349:
4201:
4072:
4059:
4048:
4007:
3952:The Etymologies
3902:
3891:
3881:
3792:
3706:
3693:
3658:
3653:
3618:
3584:
3556:
3524:
3492:
3460:
3428:
3332:
3309:
3281:
3261:Rosebury, Brian
3253:
3233:Rosebury, Brian
3225:
3199:
3167:
3147:Kocher, Paul H.
3136:
3134:
3118:
3090:
3072:Flieger, Verlyn
3064:
3044:Flieger, Verlyn
3036:
3016:Flieger, Verlyn
3008:
2998:Wiley Blackwell
2985:
2979:
2953:
2925:
2906:, ed. (2023) .
2899:
2894:
2886:
2882:
2872:
2870:
2855:
2848:
2840:
2836:
2828:
2824:
2816:
2812:
2804:
2800:
2792:
2788:
2780:
2776:
2768:
2764:
2756:
2752:
2744:
2740:
2732:
2728:
2720:
2716:
2708:
2704:
2696:
2692:
2684:
2677:
2669:
2665:
2657:
2642:
2634:
2630:
2622:
2609:
2601:
2597:
2589:
2578:
2574:
2569:
2561:
2557:
2549:
2545:
2539:Naomi Mitchison
2533:
2526:
2518:
2514:
2506:
2502:
2494:
2485:
2477:
2473:
2465:
2458:
2450:
2446:
2438:
2434:
2423:
2419:
2411:
2407:
2399:
2395:
2387:
2383:
2375:
2354:
2342:
2338:
2330:
2326:
2318:
2314:
2306:
2285:
2277:
2270:
2262:
2258:
2250:
2243:
2235:
2231:
2223:
2219:
2211:
2207:
2199:
2192:
2184:
2180:
2172:
2168:
2160:
2139:
2131:
2127:
2119:
2115:
2107:
2103:
2095:
2091:
2083:
2079:
2071:
2067:
2059:
2055:
2047:
2040:
2032:
2021:
2009:
2002:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1987:
1978:Auden only had
1977:
1973:
1967:
1963:
1925:
1921:
1916:
1912:
1906:
1902:
1881:
1877:
1861:
1857:
1852:
1818:Fall of NĂșmenor
1763:Richard C. West
1677:
1671:
1611:Greek mythology
1603:
1597:
1595:Greek mythology
1576:First World War
1560:
1554:
1469:
1463:
1458:
1403:
1382:
1349:White Mountains
1332:
1324:
1282:War of the Ring
1146:Misty Mountains
1058:War of the Ring
1046:
1036:
1029:
854:
751:
741:
713:
688:
683:
681:
661:
655:
653:
647:
631:
629:
620:
618:
616:
595:
589:
587:
585:
560:
550:
548:
546:
544:
535:
533:
510:
501:'s prehistory.
463:
276:
270:
254:Land of the Sun
194:
189:
182:
135:
127:Main articles:
125:
108:biblical echoes
61:history of Arda
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5449:
5439:
5438:
5433:
5416:
5415:
5413:
5412:
5405:
5398:
5391:
5384:
5377:
5370:
5363:
5356:
5349:
5342:
5335:
5328:
5321:
5314:
5307:
5300:
5293:
5286:
5279:
5272:
5265:
5258:
5250:
5248:
5240:
5239:
5236:
5235:
5233:
5232:
5227:
5226:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5200:
5195:
5189:
5187:
5183:
5182:
5180:
5179:
5178:
5177:
5170:
5163:
5156:
5144:
5143:
5142:
5135:
5122:
5120:
5116:
5115:
5113:
5112:
5111:
5110:
5101:Blind Guardian
5098:
5097:
5096:
5087:
5078:
5064:
5063:
5062:
5049:
5043:
5041:
5037:
5036:
5034:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4966:Pauline Baynes
4962:
4960:
4951:
4945:
4944:
4941:
4940:
4938:
4937:
4932:
4925:
4917:
4915:
4911:
4910:
4908:
4907:
4902:
4901:
4900:
4890:
4889:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4836:
4830:
4828:
4824:
4823:
4821:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4753:Mental illness
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4674:
4673:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4642:
4640:
4634:
4633:
4631:
4630:
4629:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4597:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4580:
4579:
4574:
4564:
4559:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4533:
4531:
4522:
4518:
4517:
4514:
4513:
4511:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4494:
4493:
4486:Rings of Power
4483:
4478:
4473:
4467:
4465:
4461:
4460:
4458:
4457:
4456:
4455:
4454:
4453:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4380:
4379:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4359:
4357:
4351:
4350:
4348:
4347:
4346:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4297:
4296:
4295:
4290:
4288:TĂșrin Turambar
4285:
4283:Tuor and Idril
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4211:
4209:
4203:
4202:
4200:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4188:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4156:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4124:
4123:
4118:
4108:
4107:
4106:
4101:
4100:
4099:
4094:
4078:
4076:
4062:
4054:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4046:
4045:
4044:
4031:
4030:
4029:
4015:
4013:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4005:
3997:
3989:
3986:Morgoth's Ring
3981:
3980:
3979:
3964:
3963:
3962:
3955:
3940:
3932:
3924:
3923:
3922:
3908:
3906:
3893:
3887:
3886:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3879:
3871:
3870:
3869:
3861:
3853:
3842:
3834:
3826:
3818:
3817:
3816:
3800:
3798:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3790:
3782:
3781:
3780:
3779:
3778:
3771:
3757:
3754:The Two Towers
3750:
3749:
3748:
3741:
3719:
3710:
3708:
3699:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3675:
3674:
3663:
3660:
3659:
3652:
3651:
3644:
3637:
3629:
3623:
3622:
3616:
3588:
3582:
3560:
3554:
3528:
3522:
3509:Morgoth's Ring
3496:
3490:
3464:
3458:
3432:
3426:
3400:
3368:
3336:
3330:
3313:
3308:978-0261102750
3307:
3285:
3279:
3257:
3251:
3229:
3223:
3203:
3198:978-1403946713
3197:
3175:Lee, Stuart D.
3171:
3165:
3143:
3122:
3116:
3094:
3088:
3068:
3062:
3040:
3034:
3012:
3007:978-1119656029
3006:
2988:Lee, Stuart D.
2983:
2977:
2957:
2951:
2929:
2923:
2915:Harper Collins
2898:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2880:
2846:
2834:
2822:
2810:
2798:
2786:
2784:, p. 224.
2774:
2762:
2750:
2738:
2726:
2714:
2712:, p. 133.
2702:
2690:
2675:
2663:
2640:
2628:
2607:
2595:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2567:
2555:
2551:Carpenter 2023
2543:
2535:Carpenter 2023
2524:
2512:
2500:
2496:Carpenter 2023
2483:
2471:
2467:Carpenter 2023
2456:
2444:
2432:
2427:, Appendix A:
2417:
2405:
2393:
2381:
2352:
2336:
2324:
2312:
2283:
2268:
2256:
2241:
2229:
2217:
2205:
2190:
2178:
2166:
2162:Carpenter 2023
2137:
2125:
2113:
2101:
2089:
2077:
2065:
2053:
2038:
2019:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1971:
1961:
1919:
1910:
1900:
1875:
1870:Brian Rosebury
1854:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1718:the North-West
1705:Paul H. Kocher
1670:
1667:
1596:
1593:
1553:
1550:
1542:Poetic Diction
1523:Garden of Eden
1515:Melkor/Morgoth
1489:Verlyn Flieger
1485:Brian Rosebury
1479:creation myth
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1402:
1401:Dagor Dagorath
1399:
1381:
1378:
1369:The New Shadow
1323:
1320:
1249:Grey Mountains
1044:Tolkien's maps
1028:
1025:
1017:Gladden Fields
1015:ambush at the
935:and grandsons
893:Rings of Power
862:Rings of Power
853:
850:
802:Blue Mountains
749:TĂșrin Turambar
740:
737:
712:
709:
706:
705:
702:
699:
695:
694:
678:
675:
671:
670:
641:
638:
634:
633:
613:
610:
606:
605:
601:
600:
579:
576:
570:
569:
530:
527:
521:
520:
516:
515:
512:
507:
462:
459:
269:
266:
193:
190:
188:
185:
181:
178:
124:
121:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5448:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5428:
5426:
5411:
5410:
5406:
5404:
5403:
5399:
5397:
5396:
5392:
5390:
5389:
5385:
5383:
5382:
5378:
5376:
5375:
5371:
5369:
5368:
5364:
5362:
5361:
5357:
5355:
5354:
5350:
5348:
5347:
5343:
5341:
5340:
5336:
5334:
5333:
5329:
5327:
5326:
5322:
5320:
5319:
5315:
5313:
5312:
5308:
5306:
5305:
5301:
5299:
5298:
5294:
5292:
5291:
5287:
5285:
5284:
5280:
5278:
5277:
5273:
5271:
5270:
5266:
5264:
5263:
5259:
5257:
5256:
5252:
5251:
5249:
5247:
5241:
5231:
5228:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5205:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5190:
5188:
5184:
5176:
5175:
5171:
5169:
5168:
5164:
5162:
5161:
5157:
5155:
5154:
5150:
5149:
5148:
5145:
5141:
5140:
5136:
5134:
5133:
5129:
5128:
5127:
5124:
5123:
5121:
5117:
5109:
5108:
5104:
5103:
5102:
5099:
5095:
5093:
5088:
5086:
5084:
5079:
5077:
5075:
5070:
5069:
5068:
5065:
5061:
5060:
5055:
5054:
5053:
5052:Johan de Meij
5050:
5048:
5045:
5044:
5042:
5038:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4991:Mary Fairburn
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4963:
4961:
4959:
4955:
4952:
4946:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4930:
4926:
4924:
4923:
4919:
4918:
4916:
4912:
4906:
4903:
4899:
4896:
4895:
4894:
4891:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4846:
4842:
4841:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4831:
4829:
4825:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4763:Moral dilemma
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4743:Luck and fate
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4723:Frame stories
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4672:
4669:
4668:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4643:
4641:
4639:
4635:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4613:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4569:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4554:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4532:
4530:
4526:
4523:
4519:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4492:
4489:
4488:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4462:
4452:
4449:
4448:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4383:
4381:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4363:
4361:
4360:
4358:
4356:
4352:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4212:
4210:
4208:
4204:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4172:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4140:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4113:
4112:
4109:
4105:
4102:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4089:
4088:
4085:
4084:
4083:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4075:
4070:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4055:
4043:
4042:
4037:
4036:
4035:
4032:
4028:
4027:
4022:
4021:
4020:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4010:
4004:
4003:
3998:
3996:
3995:
3990:
3988:
3987:
3982:
3978:
3977:
3973:
3972:
3971:
3970:
3965:
3961:
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3956:
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3918:
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3910:
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3897:
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3872:
3868:
3867:
3862:
3860:
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3854:
3852:
3851:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3841:
3840:
3835:
3833:
3832:
3827:
3825:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3810:
3809:
3808:
3807:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3795:
3789:
3788:
3783:
3776:
3772:
3769:
3765:
3764:
3763:
3762:
3758:
3756:
3755:
3751:
3746:
3742:
3739:
3735:
3734:
3733:
3732:
3728:
3727:
3726:
3725:
3720:
3718:
3717:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3703:
3700:
3696:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3661:
3657:
3650:
3645:
3643:
3638:
3636:
3631:
3630:
3627:
3619:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3579:
3575:
3574:HarperCollins
3571:
3570:
3569:Tree and Leaf
3565:
3561:
3557:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3542:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3525:
3523:0-395-68092-1
3519:
3515:
3511:
3510:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3478:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3446:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3414:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3384:
3379:
3378:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3352:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3314:
3310:
3304:
3300:
3299:HarperCollins
3296:
3295:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3267:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3239:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3185:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3162:
3158:
3157:Penguin Books
3154:
3153:
3148:
3144:
3132:
3128:
3123:
3119:
3113:
3109:
3108:HarperCollins
3105:
3104:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3050:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3022:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2980:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2939:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2910:
2905:
2901:
2900:
2889:
2884:
2869:
2868:
2863:
2859:
2853:
2851:
2844:, p. 14.
2843:
2838:
2832:, p. 95.
2831:
2826:
2820:, p. 18.
2819:
2814:
2807:
2802:
2796:, p. 18.
2795:
2790:
2783:
2778:
2771:
2766:
2759:
2754:
2747:
2742:
2735:
2730:
2723:
2718:
2711:
2706:
2699:
2694:
2687:
2682:
2680:
2673:, p. 97.
2672:
2671:Rosebury 1992
2667:
2660:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2637:
2632:
2625:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2604:
2603:Rosebury 2003
2599:
2592:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2576:
2564:
2563:Tolkien 1954a
2559:
2552:
2547:
2540:
2536:
2531:
2529:
2521:
2516:
2509:
2504:
2497:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2480:
2475:
2468:
2463:
2461:
2453:
2448:
2441:
2436:
2430:
2426:
2421:
2414:
2409:
2402:
2397:
2390:
2385:
2378:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2349:
2345:
2340:
2333:
2328:
2321:
2316:
2309:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2280:
2275:
2273:
2265:
2260:
2253:
2248:
2246:
2238:
2233:
2226:
2221:
2214:
2209:
2202:
2197:
2195:
2187:
2182:
2175:
2170:
2163:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2134:
2129:
2122:
2117:
2110:
2105:
2098:
2093:
2086:
2081:
2074:
2069:
2062:
2057:
2050:
2045:
2043:
2035:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2016:
2012:
2007:
2005:
2000:
1981:
1975:
1965:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1949:
1944:
1943:
1937:
1936:intercalation
1933:
1929:
1923:
1914:
1904:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1879:
1871:
1867:
1866:
1859:
1855:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1832:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1819:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1805:Stuart D. Lee
1800:
1795:
1793:
1788:
1786:
1785:a word or two
1782:
1778:
1774:
1773:
1768:
1764:
1758:
1753:
1749:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1733:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1623:Olympian gods
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1602:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1559:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1538:Owen Barfield
1535:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1507:
1500:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1468:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1431:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1407:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1358:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1331:
1326:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1312:Frodo Baggins
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1292:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1140:was found by
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1064:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1045:
1041:
1034:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
981:
979:
975:
971:
963:
959:
955:
950:
946:
944:
943:
938:
934:
930:
926:
920:
918:
912:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
881:Undying Lands
878:
874:
869:
867:
863:
859:
849:
847:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
821:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
770:
768:
764:
755:
750:
746:
736:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
703:
700:
697:
696:
692:
687:
679:
676:
673:
672:
669:
668:Straight Road
665:
659:
651:
645:
642:
639:
636:
635:
628:
625:'s defeat in
624:
619:War of Wrath:
614:
611:
608:
607:
602:
599:
593:
584:
580:
577:
575:
572:
571:
568:
564:
558:
554:
543:
540:flees before
539:
531:
528:
526:
523:
522:
519:Valian Years
517:
513:
508:
505:
504:
500:
496:
490:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
458:
455:
451:
447:
443:
437:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
390:Great Journey
387:
382:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
331:
329:
326:(recalled by
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
289:
288:Blessed Realm
285:
280:
275:
265:
263:
262:Sea of Ringil
259:
255:
251:
248:in the West,
247:
242:
237:
235:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
207:
203:
198:
184:
180:Years of Arda
177:
175:
171:
167:
162:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
134:
130:
120:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
96:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
46:
41:
37:
33:
19:
5436:Middle-earth
5407:
5400:
5393:
5386:
5379:
5372:
5365:
5358:
5351:
5344:
5337:
5330:
5323:
5316:
5309:
5302:
5295:
5288:
5281:
5274:
5267:
5260:
5253:
5172:
5165:
5158:
5151:
5137:
5130:
5126:Donald Swann
5105:
5091:
5082:
5073:
5067:Howard Shore
5058:
5006:Tove Jansson
4986:Jenny Dolfen
4976:Anke EiĂmann
4948:Adaptations,
4927:
4920:
4844:
4661:Christianity
4656:Architecture
4562:Black Speech
4542:Family trees
4343:Tom Bombadil
4057:
4039:
4024:
4000:
3992:
3984:
3974:
3967:
3957:
3950:
3943:
3935:
3927:
3912:
3903:Middle-earth
3899:
3874:
3864:
3856:
3848:
3837:
3829:
3821:
3804:
3785:
3759:
3752:
3729:
3722:
3714:
3705:In Tolkien's
3672:Bibliography
3656:Middle-earth
3603:
3567:
3539:
3507:
3475:
3443:
3411:
3381:
3375:
3349:
3343:
3317:
3293:
3289:Shippey, Tom
3265:
3243:St. Martin's
3237:
3210:
3183:
3151:
3135:. Retrieved
3133:(PhD Thesis)
3102:
3075:
3048:
3020:
2991:
2964:
2936:
2933:Chance, Jane
2913:. New York:
2907:
2883:
2871:. Retrieved
2865:
2858:Auden, W. H.
2837:
2830:Flieger 1983
2825:
2818:Stanton 2001
2813:
2806:Purtill 2003
2801:
2789:
2782:Flieger 2001
2777:
2765:
2758:Flieger 2005
2753:
2741:
2734:Flieger 1983
2729:
2722:Flieger 1983
2717:
2705:
2698:Flieger 1983
2693:
2686:Flieger 1983
2666:
2636:Shippey 2005
2631:
2598:
2558:
2546:
2520:Tolkien 2001
2515:
2508:Tolkien 1986
2503:
2479:Tolkien 1996
2474:
2452:Tolkien 1996
2447:
2440:Tolkien 1955
2435:
2425:Tolkien 1955
2420:
2413:Tolkien 1996
2408:
2401:Tolkien 1980
2396:
2389:Tolkien 1955
2384:
2377:Tolkien 1955
2344:Tolkien 1977
2339:
2332:Tolkien 1980
2327:
2320:Tolkien 1955
2315:
2308:Tolkien 1955
2279:Tolkien 1977
2264:Tolkien 1977
2259:
2252:Tolkien 1977
2237:Tolkien 1977
2232:
2225:Tolkien 1977
2220:
2213:Tolkien 1977
2208:
2201:Tolkien 1977
2186:Tolkien 1993
2181:
2174:Tolkien 1993
2169:
2133:Tolkien 1977
2128:
2121:Tolkien 1977
2116:
2109:Tolkien 1977
2104:
2097:Tolkien 1977
2092:
2085:Tolkien 1977
2080:
2073:Tolkien 1977
2068:
2061:Tolkien 1977
2056:
2049:Tolkien 1993
2034:Tolkien 1977
2011:Tolkien 1977
1979:
1974:
1964:
1946:
1940:
1931:
1927:
1922:
1913:
1903:
1896:Middle-earth
1878:
1863:
1858:
1843:
1835:
1828:
1822:
1813:Silmarillion
1812:
1802:
1797:
1789:
1770:
1766:
1760:
1755:
1751:
1741:
1737:
1735:
1731:
1714:
1702:
1654:
1604:
1591:
1584:
1567:
1561:
1541:
1531:
1505:
1492:
1476:
1470:
1449:
1446:Silmarillion
1445:
1439:
1424:
1414:
1413:. Engraving
1383:
1367:
1363:
1361:
1353:
1333:
1325:
1289:
1285:
1273:
1263:
1261:
1241:Durin's folk
1205:Minas Morgul
1190:
1178:Minas Tirith
1123:
1119:Middle-earth
1100:
1068:Middle-earth
1061:
1047:
1021:Anduin River
982:
967:
940:
929:Eru IlĂșvatar
921:
913:
870:
855:
829:River Sirion
822:
809:
805:
771:
766:
762:
760:
733:Middle-earth
720:
714:
557:Middle-earth
471:Middle-earth
464:
453:
449:
438:
420:'s two sons
383:
332:
319:
315:
300:Middle-earth
293:
250:Middle-earth
238:
221:Middle-earth
210:
205:
187:Valian Years
183:
173:
163:
139:Eru IlĂșvatar
136:
97:
93:Middle-earth
89:Valian Years
64:
60:
50:
36:
5223:Video games
5208:Fan fiction
5186:Other media
5085:film series
5076:film series
5031:Ted Nasmith
4893:Prose style
4886:Shakespeare
4646:Anachronism
4218:Celebrimbor
3892:composition
3813:Ainulindalë
3684:Legendarium
3098:Garth, John
2842:Kocher 1974
2746:Chance 1980
2710:Chance 1980
2591:Kocher 1974
2015:Ainulindalë
1825:W. H. Auden
1527:fall of man
1511:Jane Chance
1477:Ainulindalë
1436:Christopher
1253:Easterlings
980:and Arnor.
909:Celebrimbor
866:Ringwraiths
725:Elves awoke
225:much larger
145:with them.
129:Ainulindalë
116:fall of man
77:Ainulindalë
57:legendarium
5425:Categories
5083:The Hobbit
5047:Bo Hansson
5021:Tom Loback
4914:Geographic
4839:Influences
4416:LothlĂłrien
4382:Third Age
4318:Glorfindel
4299:Third Age
4207:Characters
4143:Half-elven
3901:History of
3890:History of
3797:Posthumous
3716:The Hobbit
3544:. Boston:
3512:. Boston:
3480:. Boston:
3448:. Boston:
3416:. Boston:
3386:. Boston:
3354:. Boston:
2888:Hiley 2006
2794:Croft 2004
2770:Garth 2003
2565:"Prologue"
2537:, #154 to
2348:AkallabĂȘth
1991:References
1959:and Arnor.
1953:AkallabĂȘth
1781:Lothlorien
1724:, east of
1663:Prometheus
1572:John Garth
1525:, and the
1504:Christian
1494:Mythopoeia
1380:Later Ages
1341:Khazad-dûm
1322:Fourth Age
1265:The Hobbit
1197:Dol Guldur
1184:-realm of
1170:White Tree
1158:Wilderland
1111:LothlĂłrien
1076:Wainriders
905:Mount Doom
852:Second Age
644:AkallabĂȘth
637:Second Age
532:First War:
442:Alqualondë
408:, and the
341:, and the
114:, and the
5246:criticism
5218:Calendars
5094:TV series
5090:Music of
5081:Music of
5072:Music of
5040:Composers
5001:John Howe
4898:Ambiguity
4881:Philology
4758:Modernism
4666:Cosmology
4552:Languages
4498:Silmarils
4446:The Shire
4436:Rivendell
4366:Beleriand
4323:Goldberry
4308:Galadriel
4293:Ungoliant
4248:Gil-galad
4238:Fingolfin
4175:Beornings
4153:Sundering
4116:Ancalagon
4058:Fictional
3566:(2001) .
3396:519647821
3342:(1954a).
3291:(2005) .
3149:(1974) .
3046:(2001) .
2943:Macmillan
2935:(1980) .
2624:West 2006
2572:Secondary
1892:Beleriand
1827:wrote in
1823:The poet
1722:Old World
1697:old words
1395:old words
1366:, called
1268:occur in
1225:the Shire
1186:the Shire
1174:Osgiliath
1164:and then
1096:Rivendell
1027:Third Age
993:Gil-galad
985:Barad-dûr
942:palantĂri
897:Barad-dûr
877:Armenelos
846:Beleriand
841:Great Sea
825:Beleriand
782:Fingolfin
739:First Age
729:Cuiviénen
674:Third Age
627:Beleriand
598:Silmarils
592:Ungoliant
454:Telperion
446:Helcaraxë
434:Silmarils
430:Ungoliant
426:Fingolfin
328:Treebeard
316:Telperion
312:Two Trees
310:made the
258:Cuiviénen
211:When the
45:Baltistan
5244:Literary
5119:Settings
5016:Alan Lee
4971:Cor Blok
4866:Medieval
4827:Literary
4788:Paganism
4577:Sindarin
4547:Heraldry
4529:Elements
4521:Analysis
4491:One Ring
4476:PalantĂr
4421:Mirkwood
4406:Isengard
4391:Esgaroth
4185:DĂșnedain
4180:DrĂședain
4074:monsters
4060:universe
3966:1988â92
3911:1983â84
3721:1954-55
3707:lifetime
3602:(eds.).
3534:(1996).
3502:(1993).
3470:(1986).
3438:(1980).
3406:(1977).
3374:(1955).
3235:(1992).
3209:(2003).
3189:Palgrave
3181:(2005).
3100:(2003).
3074:(2005).
3018:(1983).
2963:(2004).
1873:NĂșmenor.
1840:allegory
1757:Seventh.
1689:folklore
1647:Eurydice
1631:Poseidon
1619:Atlantis
1617:recalls
1473:Catholic
1456:Analysis
1430:Ragnarök
1411:Ragnarök
1387:folklore
1355:land of
1233:Buckland
1138:One Ring
1115:Mirkwood
1080:Corsairs
1009:weregild
901:One Ring
864:and the
833:EĂ€rendil
818:Gondolin
790:Maedhros
778:his sons
686:One Ring
565:move to
509:Duration
450:Laurelin
396:and the
320:Laurelin
314:, named
215:entered
110:of God,
71:entered
4958:Artists
4845:Beowulf
4733:Heroism
4718:Forests
4698:England
4693:Economy
4626:Tengwar
4611:Scripts
4594:Westron
4589:Valarin
4584:Khuzdul
4557:Adûnaic
4537:Artwork
4471:Mithril
4464:Objects
4451:Bag End
4376:Valinor
4371:NĂșmenor
4333:Saruman
4313:Gandalf
4278:Thingol
4273:Morgoth
4258:Isildur
4228:Elendil
4165:Hobbits
4128:Dwarves
4111:Dragons
4097:Wizards
4092:Balrogs
4069:Peoples
3959:Lhammas
3920:Ălfwine
3689:Outline
3538:(ed.).
3506:(ed.).
3474:(ed.).
3442:(ed.).
3410:(ed.).
3364:9552942
2990:(ed.).
2969:Praeger
2897:Sources
1996:Primary
1888:Valinor
1726:the Sea
1720:of the
1651:Oedipus
1643:Orpheus
1615:NĂșmenor
1374:NĂșmenor
1347:in the
1296:Aragorn
1237:Dwarves
1221:Hobbits
1166:Eriador
1142:Sméagol
1134:Saruman
1130:Gandalf
1126:Wizards
1107:Valinor
1054:NĂșmenor
997:Isildur
989:Elendil
958:Valinor
937:Isildur
933:Elendil
925:NĂșmenor
889:Eregion
858:NĂșmenor
814:Doriath
774:Balrogs
721:EruhĂni
664:Valinor
660:drowned
658:NĂșmenor
623:Morgoth
567:Valinor
559:created
514:Events
414:Eldamar
351:Yavanna
343:Dwarves
308:Yavanna
304:Valinor
296:Almaren
234:Almaren
174:AvakĂșma
18:Almaren
5193:Impact
4950:legacy
4871:Modern
4851:Celtic
4803:Quests
4793:Plants
4638:Themes
4621:Sarati
4572:Quenya
4567:Elvish
4426:Mordor
4396:Gondor
4355:Places
4338:Sauron
4328:Gollum
4303:Elrond
4268:Melian
4233:FĂ«anor
4197:Trolls
4148:Noldor
4133:Eagles
4012:Others
3614:
3580:
3552:
3520:
3488:
3456:
3424:
3394:
3362:
3328:
3305:
3277:
3249:
3221:
3195:
3163:
3137:3 July
3114:
3086:
3060:
3032:
3004:
2975:
2949:
2921:
2873:3 July
1957:Gondor
1908:years.
1695:, and
1693:legend
1659:FĂ«anor
1633:, and
1605:Among
1421:, 1882
1393:, and
1391:legend
1357:LĂłrien
1337:Erebor
1300:Gondor
1278:Sauron
1245:Erebor
1235:. The
1209:Mordor
1182:Hobbit
1162:Gondor
1150:Plague
1136:. The
1113:, and
1092:Elrond
1078:, and
1072:Gondor
1050:Sauron
1005:Elrond
1001:Narsil
978:Gondor
974:Mordor
917:Nazgûl
885:Sauron
786:Noldor
776:â but
701:~6,000
650:Sauron
542:Tulkas
538:Melkor
511:years
487:Fourth
479:Second
467:Noldor
422:FĂ«anor
410:Teleri
406:Noldor
404:, the
402:Vanyar
398:Sindar
394:Nandor
375:Melkor
353:, and
337:, the
335:Eagles
241:Melkor
147:Melkor
83:, the
59:, the
4876:Norse
4818:Trees
4768:Music
4748:Magic
4738:Light
4616:Cirth
4441:Rohan
4431:Moria
4401:Harad
4253:HĂșrin
4138:Elves
4121:Smaug
4104:Valar
4087:Maiar
4082:Ainur
4038:2021
4023:2007
3999:1996
3991:1994
3983:1993
3942:1987
3934:1986
3926:1985
3873:2022
3863:2018
3855:2017
3847:2007
3836:1990
3828:1981
3820:1980
3803:1977
3784:1962
3713:1937
3698:Works
3679:Canon
1983:them.
1969:...)"
1884:Valar
1850:Notes
1777:Arwen
1742:place
1709:Earth
1685:Earth
1661:with
1635:Manwë
1519:Satan
1506:Logos
1345:Gimli
1308:Arwen
1229:Thain
1217:Umbar
1103:Elves
691:Elves
677:3,021
640:3,441
578:1,500
563:Valar
529:3,500
499:Earth
483:Third
418:Finwë
386:Oromë
379:Maiar
367:awoke
363:Varda
347:Manwë
213:Valar
170:Earth
159:Elves
112:Satan
69:Ainur
5213:Film
4813:Time
4728:Hell
4708:Evil
4601:Maps
4386:Bree
4192:Orcs
4160:Ents
3612:ISBN
3578:ISBN
3550:ISBN
3518:ISBN
3486:ISBN
3454:ISBN
3422:ISBN
3392:OCLC
3360:OCLC
3326:ISBN
3303:ISBN
3275:ISBN
3247:ISBN
3219:ISBN
3193:ISBN
3161:ISBN
3139:2020
3112:ISBN
3084:ISBN
3058:ISBN
3030:ISBN
3002:ISBN
2973:ISBN
2947:ISBN
2919:ISBN
2875:2020
1894:and
1738:time
1645:and
1639:Zeus
1627:Ulmo
1316:Aman
1270:T.A.
1213:Orcs
1201:T.A.
1193:T.A.
1154:T.A.
1132:and
1124:The
1042:and
816:and
794:Orcs
747:and
555:and
553:Aman
506:Age
495:Arda
424:and
355:Aulë
339:Ents
246:Aman
229:Aulë
217:Arda
157:and
131:and
73:Arda
4170:Men
2346:, "
2013:, "
1951:, "
1438:in
1417:by
1257:Men
1239:of
1223:of
1094:in
1013:Orc
956:of
798:Men
727:in
612:590
497:as
469:to
204:'s
155:Men
55:'s
51:In
5427::
3606:.
3598:;
3576:.
3572:.
3548:.
3516:.
3484:.
3452:.
3420:.
3390:.
3380:.
3358:.
3348:.
3324:.
3320:.
3301:.
3273:.
3269:.
3245:.
3241:.
3217:.
3213:.
3191:.
3187:.
3177:;
3159:.
3155:.
3129:.
3110:.
3106:.
3082:.
3078:.
3056:.
3052:.
3028:.
3024:.
2996:.
2971:.
2967:.
2945:.
2941:.
2917:.
2864:.
2849:^
2678:^
2643:^
2610:^
2579:^
2527:^
2486:^
2459:^
2355:^
2286:^
2271:^
2244:^
2193:^
2140:^
2041:^
2022:^
2003:^
1846:.
1769:,
1691:,
1548:.
1529:.
1483:.
1452:.
1389:,
1318:.
1276:,
1023:.
820:.
481:,
349:,
306:.
166:EĂ€
161:.
81:EĂ€
4071:,
3815:"
3811:"
3777:"
3773:"
3770:"
3766:"
3747:"
3743:"
3740:"
3736:"
3648:e
3641:t
3634:v
3620:.
3586:.
3558:.
3526:.
3494:.
3462:.
3430:.
3398:.
3366:.
3334:.
3311:.
3283:.
3255:.
3227:.
3201:.
3169:.
3141:.
3120:.
3092:.
3066:.
3038:.
3010:.
2981:.
2955:.
2927:.
2890:.
2877:.
2350:"
2017:"
1699:.
1035:.
964:.
719:(
646::
34:.
20:)
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