1337:
1254:
1299:
1269:
1224:
1352:
1382:
1367:
1209:
1239:
471:
1864:
1284:
27:
1916:
1886:
249:
Tohver, E.; Trindade, R.I.F.; Solum, G.F.; Hall, C.M.; Riccomini, C.; Nogueira, A.C. (2010). "Closing the
Clymene ocean and bending a Brasiliano belt: Evidence for the Cambrian formation of Gondwana, southeast Amazon craton".
397:
1026:
390:
827:
753:
178:"The NW Amazonian Craton in Guainía and Vaupés departments, Colombia: Transition between orogenic to anorogenic environments during the Paleo-Mesoproterozoic"
787:
226:(2010). "The Paranapanema Lithospheric Block: Its Nature and Role in the Accretion of Gondwana". In Gaucher, Claudio; Sial, Alcides; Haverson, Galen (eds.).
2006:
973:
383:
898:
946:
881:
874:
775:
1957:
364:
1172:
674:
34:(older than 1.3 Ga) cratons in South America and Africa. The São Luís and Luis Alves cratonic fragments (Brazil) are shown, but the
97:-Brazil border is considered to be likely just the southern part of the Amazonian Craton. The rocks of Río Apa were deformed during the
338:
Bingen, Bernard; Nordgulen, Øystein; Viola, Giulio (2008). "A four-phase model for the
Sveconorwegian orogeny, SW Scandinavia".
136:
was derived from the
Amazonian Craton, but this possibility does not imply necessarily that there was a continental collision.
62:. It occupies a large portion of the central, north and eastern part of the continent and represents one of Earth's largest
1986:
2001:
1950:
1087:
176:
Bonilla, Amed; Cramer, Thomas; De Grave, Johan; Alessio, Brandon; Glorie, Stijn; Kroonenberg, Salomon (15 July 2021).
1981:
1165:
1082:
817:
760:
75:
1075:
2011:
1991:
711:
1943:
1874:
619:
1780:
1158:
669:
649:
629:
340:
223:
1092:
177:
1740:
639:
158: – Major tectonic plate which includes most of South America and a large part of the south Atlantic
1996:
150:
1685:
1675:
1428:
839:
731:
716:
1125:
686:
538:
528:
368:
83:
1894:
1660:
19:"Brazilian shield" redirects here. For the highlands in eastern, central and southern Brazil, see
1717:
1712:
849:
287:
Slagstad, Trond; Roberts, Nick M. W.; Markens, Rogens; Røhr, Torkil; Schiellerup, Henrik (2013).
228:
Neoproterozoic-Cambrian tectonics, global change and evolution: a focus on south western
Gondwana
572:
533:
87:
1655:
968:
822:
113:
664:
1540:
1448:
1258:
1253:
1130:
1065:
854:
696:
624:
121:
70:
and
Central Brazil Shield (Guaporé Shield) constitute respectively the northern and southern
681:
1879:
1634:
1525:
1055:
701:
460:
375:
302:
293:
261:
155:
71:
1931:
1120:
8:
1889:
1836:
1626:
1585:
1070:
1060:
145:
20:
1545:
306:
265:
1744:
1590:
1570:
1006:
958:
941:
936:
926:
921:
518:
498:
320:
197:
39:
35:
706:
235:
1811:
1665:
1630:
1102:
1045:
996:
991:
804:
450:
324:
252:
201:
55:
963:
193:
98:
1976:
1826:
1800:
1135:
1110:
1021:
859:
691:
485:
470:
310:
269:
231:
189:
869:
782:
765:
634:
1923:
1816:
1786:
1727:
1550:
1115:
1016:
953:
931:
812:
597:
557:
503:
425:
420:
412:
105:
31:
1863:
888:
614:
1927:
1748:
1468:
1422:
1001:
916:
864:
726:
562:
109:
1970:
1765:
1303:
1298:
1288:
1283:
659:
644:
609:
577:
513:
440:
67:
59:
43:
1868:
1821:
1555:
1530:
1341:
1336:
721:
654:
455:
117:
1722:
1690:
1680:
893:
834:
794:
587:
582:
445:
435:
430:
79:
1011:
26:
1760:
1670:
1650:
1500:
1228:
1223:
844:
770:
601:
567:
549:
1915:
1150:
315:
288:
42:, and some minor African cratons are not. Other versions describe the
1831:
1695:
1645:
1565:
1560:
1505:
1438:
1181:
1036:
273:
1755:
1640:
1520:
1510:
1473:
1458:
1443:
1433:
1356:
1351:
94:
1775:
1770:
1535:
1515:
1495:
1463:
1453:
1386:
1381:
1371:
1366:
129:
125:
1806:
1575:
1273:
1268:
1213:
1208:
745:
481:
133:
63:
1580:
1185:
405:
175:
78:, a zone of weakness within the craton. Smaller cratons of
1243:
1238:
741:
286:
289:"A non-collisional, accretionary Sveconorwegian orogen"
248:
221:
74:
parts of the craton. Between the two shields lies the
337:
46:
separated from the
Amazonian Shield by a depression.
1968:
280:
215:
1951:
1166:
391:
331:
82:rocks south of the Amazonian Shield are the
2007:Geology of Santa Cruz Department (Bolivia)
1958:
1944:
1173:
1159:
398:
384:
314:
406:Major South American geological features
25:
1180:
367:. University of Arizona. Archived from
124:between the continents of Amazonia and
1969:
1154:
379:
362:
128:. The question is open if Telemarkia
1910:
13:
469:
356:
16:Geologic province in South America
14:
2023:
1914:
1885:
1884:
1862:
1380:
1365:
1350:
1335:
1297:
1282:
1267:
1252:
1237:
1222:
1207:
1708:Possible future supercontinents
194:10.1016/j.precamres.2021.106223
104:It has been suggested that the
242:
169:
1:
365:"Orogenic Systems: The Andes"
363:Zandt, George (Spring 2002).
236:10.1016/S0166-2635(09)01619-3
162:
122:continent–continent collision
1930:. You can help Knowledge by
1486:Other prehistoric continents
341:Norwegian Journal of Geology
120:could have been caused by a
7:
224:de Brito Neves, Benjamin B.
139:
10:
2028:
1987:Historical tectonic plates
1909:
1027:Pampean Pegmatite Province
151:Geography of South America
93:The Río Apa Craton at the
90:, which lies to the east.
18:
2002:Precambrian South America
1854:
1612:
1608:
1407:
1403:
1324:
1320:
1196:
1192:
1101:
1044:
1035:
984:
909:
803:
740:
596:
547:
499:Arequipa-Antofalla Craton
480:
467:
411:
230:. Elsevier. p. 258.
36:Arequipa–Antofalla Craton
1982:Geology of South America
1895:Chronology of continents
985:Metallogenetic provinces
509:Central Brazilian Shield
30:Approximate location of
620:Bucaramanga-Santa Marta
222:Mantovani, Marta S.M.;
1656:Great Australian Bight
548:Structures undergoing
529:Río de la Plata Craton
474:
84:Río de la Plata Craton
47:
2012:Palaeogeography stubs
1992:Historical continents
473:
114:Sveconorwegian Orogen
29:
1880:Continental fragment
1875:Regions of the world
573:Juan Fernández Ridge
534:São Francisco Craton
182:Precambrian Research
156:South American Plate
110:Early Neoproterozoic
106:Late Mesoproterozoic
88:São Francisco Craton
1837:Indian Subcontinent
1627:Submerged continent
1093:Paraná and Etendeka
307:2013TeNov..25...30S
266:2010Geo....38..267T
146:Geography of Brazil
21:Brazilian Highlands
1618:
1413:
1330:
1202:
1047:Volcanic provinces
1007:El Indio Gold Belt
805:Sedimentary basins
670:Magallanes-Fagnano
519:Paranapanema Block
475:
48:
1997:Geology of Brazil
1939:
1938:
1904:
1903:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1844:
1666:Kerguelen Plateau
1604:
1603:
1599:
1598:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1393:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1143:
997:Chilean Iron Belt
992:Bolivian Tin Belt
850:Eastern Venezuela
640:Dolores-Guayaquil
630:Cordillera Blanca
316:10.1111/ter.12001
56:geologic province
2019:
1960:
1953:
1946:
1918:
1911:
1888:
1887:
1869:World portal
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1866:
1804:
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1610:
1609:
1488:
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1369:
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1339:
1327:
1326:
1322:
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1301:
1286:
1271:
1256:
1241:
1226:
1211:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1193:
1175:
1168:
1161:
1152:
1151:
1088:Central Atlantic
1048:
1042:
1041:
1022:Lithium Triangle
976:
949:
901:
884:
877:
830:
790:
778:
756:
677:
539:Uruguayan Shield
494:Amazonian Craton
400:
393:
386:
377:
376:
372:
350:
349:
335:
329:
328:
318:
284:
278:
277:
274:10.1130/G30510.1
246:
240:
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219:
213:
212:
210:
208:
173:
52:Amazonian Craton
2027:
2026:
2022:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2016:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1964:
1924:palaeogeography
1907:
1905:
1900:
1899:
1861:
1846:
1841:
1827:Eastern Siberia
1817:Central America
1805:
1798:
1792:
1787:Terra Australis
1754:
1738:
1732:
1728:Pangaea Proxima
1711:
1706:
1700:
1639:
1635:microcontinents
1624:
1600:
1595:
1541:East Antarctica
1489:
1484:
1478:
1427:
1423:supercontinents
1419:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1375:
1370:
1360:
1355:
1345:
1340:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1292:
1287:
1277:
1272:
1262:
1257:
1247:
1242:
1232:
1227:
1217:
1212:
1188:
1179:
1149:
1140:
1116:Noronha hotspot
1097:
1046:
1031:
1017:Iron Quadrangle
980:
974:
969:Terra Australis
947:
905:
899:
882:
875:
855:Golfo San Jorge
828:
823:Andean foreland
799:
788:
776:
754:
736:
732:Trans-Brazilian
675:
650:Eastern Frontal
592:
558:Antarctic Plate
543:
504:Atlantic Shield
476:
465:
413:Tectonic plates
407:
404:
359:
357:Further reading
354:
353:
336:
332:
285:
281:
247:
243:
220:
216:
206:
204:
174:
170:
165:
142:
32:Mesoproterozoic
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2025:
2015:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1963:
1962:
1955:
1948:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1919:
1902:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1892:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1856:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1822:Eastern Africa
1819:
1814:
1809:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1790:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1703:
1701:
1699:
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1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
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1643:
1621:
1619:
1613:
1606:
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1597:
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1588:
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1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
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1471:
1466:
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1408:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1378:
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1325:
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1314:
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1280:
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1250:
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1203:
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1190:
1189:
1178:
1177:
1170:
1163:
1155:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1126:Juan Fernández
1123:
1118:
1113:
1107:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1095:
1090:
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1080:
1079:
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1052:
1050:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
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1002:Deseado Massif
999:
994:
988:
986:
982:
981:
979:
978:
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966:
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951:
944:
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891:
886:
879:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
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837:
832:
829:Central Brazil
825:
820:
815:
809:
807:
801:
800:
798:
797:
792:
785:
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773:
768:
763:
758:
750:
748:
738:
737:
735:
734:
729:
724:
719:
717:Sierra Ballena
714:
712:Sarandí del Yí
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
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672:
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622:
617:
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570:
565:
563:Carnegie Ridge
560:
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544:
542:
541:
536:
531:
526:
524:Río Apa Craton
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
490:
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478:
477:
468:
466:
464:
463:
461:South American
458:
453:
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443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
417:
415:
409:
408:
403:
402:
395:
388:
380:
374:
373:
371:on 2015-11-09.
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279:
260:(3): 267–270.
241:
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141:
138:
99:Sunsás orogeny
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2013:
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1926:article is a
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1802:
1801:Subcontinents
1797:
1796:
1794:
1789:
1788:
1784:
1782:
1779:
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1772:
1769:
1767:
1766:Kumari Kandam
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1347:
1344:
1343:
1338:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1323:
1319:
1306:
1305:
1304:South America
1300:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1289:North America
1285:
1279:
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1270:
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1038:
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945:
943:
940:
938:
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933:
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928:
927:Cariri Velhos
925:
923:
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915:
914:
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902:
897:
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819:
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811:
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806:
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796:
793:
791:
786:
784:
783:Neuquén Rifts
781:
779:
774:
772:
769:
767:
766:Asunción Rift
764:
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749:
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665:Liquiñe-Ofqui
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578:Malpelo Ridge
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514:Guiana Shield
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69:
68:Guiana Shield
66:regions. The
65:
61:
60:South America
57:
53:
45:
44:Guiana Shield
41:
40:Sahara Craton
37:
33:
28:
22:
1932:expanding it
1921:
1906:
1860:
1799:
1785:
1749:hypothesised
1739:
1707:
1625:
1556:Kazakhstania
1531:Congo Craton
1490:
1485:
1421:Prehistoric
1420:
1379:
1364:
1349:
1342:Afro-Eurasia
1334:
1296:
1281:
1266:
1251:
1236:
1221:
1206:
523:
508:
493:
369:the original
345:
339:
333:
301:(1): 30–37.
298:
292:
282:
257:
251:
244:
227:
217:
205:. Retrieved
185:
181:
171:
118:Fennoscandia
103:
92:
51:
49:
1723:Novopangaea
1591:South China
1571:North China
795:Salta Rifts
761:Amazon Rift
602:shear zones
588:Nazca Ridge
583:Nazca Plate
451:North Andes
207:17 December
80:Precambrian
76:Amazon Rift
58:located in
1971:Categories
1859:See also:
1761:Hyperborea
1751:continents
1686:Seychelles
1671:Madagascar
1651:Doggerland
1546:Euramerica
1501:Asiamerica
1229:Antarctica
1182:Continents
959:San Rafael
942:Gondwanide
937:Famatinian
922:Brasiliano
860:Magallanes
692:Pernambuco
625:Cochabamba
568:Chile Rise
550:subduction
294:Terra Nova
188:: 106223.
163:References
1832:Greenland
1696:Zealandia
1661:Jan Mayen
1646:Cathaysia
1566:Laurentia
1561:Laramidia
1551:Kalaharia
1506:Atlantica
1439:Kenorland
1259:Australia
1131:San Felix
1121:Galápagos
1111:Ascension
1083:Caribbean
1037:Volcanism
975:Tilcarian
910:Orogenies
813:Altiplano
789:Paramirim
771:Cuyo Rift
707:San Ramón
687:Oca-Ancón
426:Caribbean
421:Antarctic
325:129199992
202:236266292
1890:Category
1756:Atlantis
1741:Mythical
1676:Mauritia
1641:Beringia
1526:Cimmeria
1521:Chilenia
1511:Avalonia
1491:Amazonia
1474:Vaalbara
1459:Pannotia
1444:Laurasia
1434:Gondwana
1429:Columbia
1357:Americas
1136:Trindade
1103:Hotspots
1012:El Mutún
900:Solimões
876:Pantanal
865:Malvinas
840:Colorado
727:El Tigre
697:El Pilar
348:: 43–72.
140:See also
95:Paraguay
86:and the
64:cratonic
1977:Cratons
1776:Meropis
1771:Lemuria
1586:Siberia
1536:Cuyania
1516:Baltica
1496:Arctica
1464:Rodinia
1454:Pangaea
1387:Oceania
1372:Eurasia
1076:Austral
1066:Central
954:Pampean
932:Chonide
883:Paraíba
870:Neuquén
755:Aguapeí
746:grabens
702:Romeral
660:Huincul
645:Domeyko
635:Córdoba
610:Atacama
486:shields
482:Cratons
441:Malpelo
303:Bibcode
262:Bibcode
253:Geology
130:terrane
126:Baltica
72:exhumed
1812:Arabia
1807:Alaska
1747:, and
1718:Aurica
1713:Amasia
1576:Pampia
1274:Europe
1214:Africa
1056:Andean
964:Sunsás
917:Andean
889:Paraná
818:Amazon
777:Espino
722:Sobral
655:Gastre
615:Boconó
598:Faults
456:Scotia
323:
200:
134:Norway
38:, the
1922:This
1691:Sunda
1681:Sahul
1631:lands
1581:Sahul
1186:Earth
1071:South
1061:North
948:Juruá
894:Salta
835:Chaco
742:Rifts
682:Morón
446:Nazca
436:Coiba
431:Cocos
321:S2CID
198:S2CID
112:aged
54:is a
1928:stub
1745:lost
1633:and
1449:Nena
1244:Asia
845:Cuyo
744:and
676:Meta
600:and
484:and
209:2022
50:The
1184:of
311:doi
270:doi
232:doi
190:doi
186:360
132:in
116:in
1973::
1781:Mu
1743:,
1469:Ur
346:88
344:.
319:.
309:.
299:25
297:.
291:.
268:.
258:38
256:.
196:.
184:.
180:.
101:.
1959:e
1952:t
1945:v
1934:.
1629:/
1174:e
1167:t
1160:v
399:e
392:t
385:v
327:.
313::
305::
276:.
272::
264::
238:.
234::
211:.
192::
108:–
23:.
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