237:
51:
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370:
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70:
536:
inches (4 cm) long. The staminate flower is composed of three to twenty stamens crowded on a hairy torus, adnate to the base of a broadly ovate, acute boot-shaped scale, green below the middle, bright red at apex. The pistillate aments are one-half to three-fourths of an inch long with ovate,
488:
Leaves: Alternate, two to four inches long, ovate-oblong, rounded, wedge-shaped, or rarely subcordate and often unequal at base, sharply and doubly serrate, acute or acuminate. They come out of the bud pale bronze green and hairy; when full grown they are dull deep green above, paler beneath;
540:
Fruit: Clusters of involucres, hanging from the ends of leafy branches. Each involucre slightly encloses a small oval nut. The involucres are short stalked, usually three-lobed, though one lobe is often wanting; halberd-shaped, coarsely serrated on one margin, or
380:(American hornbeam) is a small tree reaching heights of 6–10 meters (20–35 ft), and often has a fluted and crooked trunk. The bark is smooth and greenish-grey, becoming shallowly fissured in all old trees. The leaves are alternate, 3–12 centimeters (
361:). It occurs naturally in shaded areas with moist soil, particularly near the banks of streams or rivers, and is often a natural constituent understory species of the riverine and maritime forests of eastern temperate North America.
522:(aments). The staminate ament buds are axillary and form in the autumn. During the winter they resemble leaf-buds, only twice as large. They begin to lengthen very early in the spring, and when full grown are about
464:
Bark: On old trees near the base, furrowed. Young trees and branches smooth, dark bluish gray, sometimes furrowed, light and dark gray. Branchlets at first pale green, changing to reddish brown, ultimately dull
751:
Common along the borders of streams and swamps, loves a deep moist soil. Varies from shrub to small tree, and ranges throughout the United States east of the Rocky
Mountains.
472:
nearly white; heavy, hard, close-grained, very strong. Used for levers, handles of tools. Specific gravity, 0.7286; density 45.41 pounds per cubic foot (0.7274 g/cm).
1437:
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460: in) long; it matures in autumn. The seeds often do not germinate till the spring of the second year after maturating.
1206:
408: in) long, with prominent veins giving a distinctive corrugated texture, and a serrated margin. The male and female
1462:
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989:
17:
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feather-veined, midrib and veins very prominent on under side. In autumn bright red, deep scarlet and orange.
1330:
736:
and moisture. It has a shallow, wide-spreading root system. The leaves are eaten by the caterpillars of some
1128:
941:
1338:
1154:
1325:
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inch (3 mm) long. Inner scales enlarge when spring growth begins. No terminal bud is formed.
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appear in spring at the same time as the leaves. The fruit is a small 7–8-millimeter (
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432:-inch) long nut, partially surrounded by a three- to seven-pointed leafy
1141:
982:
The
Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees: Eastern Region
551:
504:
297:
178:
1167:
1100:
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Deer browse the foliage and twigs, while game birds eat the nutlets.
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The wood is heavy and hard, and is used for tool handles,
30:"Blue beech" redirects here. For Japanese blue beech, see
687: in) long, and relatively narrower, 3.5–6 cm (
609: in) long, and relatively broader, 3–6 cm (
537:
acute, hairy, green scales and bright scarlet styles.
926:. In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.).
795:
Stritch, L.; Shaw, K.; Roy , S.; Wilson, B. (2014).
732:They are shade-loving trees, preferring moderate
1404:
554:, which intergrade extensively where they meet:
965:. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp.
871:Note that this website has been superseded by
820:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T194277A2308692.en
948:(USDA) – via Southern Research Station.
913:
911:
909:
475:Winter buds: Ovate, acute, chestnut brown,
894:World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
851:World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
235:
68:
49:
962:Our Native Trees and How to Identify Them
906:
818:
1438:Flora of the South-Central United States
1428:Flora of the North-Central United States
723:
368:
1443:Flora of the Southeastern United States
1433:Flora of the Northeastern United States
946:United States Department of Agriculture
917:
14:
1405:
979:
958:
659:. Leaves mostly larger, 8–12 cm (
581:. Leaves mostly smaller, 3–9 cm (
1006:
1005:
952:
309:. American hornbeam is also known as
1279:cc3c397a-19d0-4e4e-8555-95326a60076a
1413:IUCN Red List least concern species
806:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
24:
1448:Trees of humid continental climate
1423:Trees of the Eastern United States
25:
1474:
1331:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:295249-1
984:. New York: Knopf. p. 373.
93:
545:
973:
877:
834:
364:
13:
1:
781:
942:United States Forest Service
7:
959:Keeler, Harriet L. (1900).
10:
1479:
980:Little, Elbert L. (1980).
900:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
856:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
719:
325:. It is native to eastern
29:
1463:Trees of Northern America
1014:
258:
251:
243:
234:
217:
210:
90:Scientific classification
88:
66:
57:
48:
41:
1458:Trees of Central America
1453:Plants described in 1788
934:Silvics of North America
493:short, slender, hairy.
918:Metzger, F. T. (1990).
757:
341:, and south to eastern
729:
567:Atlantic coastal plain
374:
813:: e.T194277A2308692.
727:
649:Appalachian Mountains
372:
1046:Carpinus caroliniana
1016:Carpinus caroliniana
922:Carpinus caroliniana
887:Carpinus caroliniana
844:Carpinus caroliniana
799:Carpinus caroliniana
641:Carpinus caroliniana
559:Carpinus caroliniana
378:Carpinus caroliniana
286:Carpinus caroliniana
221:Carpinus caroliniana
43:Carpinus caroliniana
518:naked in pendulous
468:Wood: Light brown,
349:. It also grows in
271:Carpinus ostryoides
263:Carpinus americanus
203:C. caroliniana
60:Conservation status
873:World Flora Online
740:, for example the
730:
575:Mississippi Valley
375:
1400:
1399:
1287:Open Tree of Life
1008:Taxon identifiers
503:Flowers: April.
436:2–3 centimeters (
291:American hornbeam
282:
281:
275:
267:
244:Natural range of
83:
18:American Hornbeam
16:(Redirected from
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936:. Vol. 2.
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27:Species of tree
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1390:wfo-0000804690
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867:The Plant List
833:
786:
785:
783:
780:
768:walking sticks
759:
756:
734:soil fertility
721:
718:
717:
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638:
550:There are two
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357:and southeast
280:
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246:C. caroliniana
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32:Fagus japonica
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991:0-394-50760-6
987:
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787:
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773:
772:walking canes
769:
765:
755:
752:
749:
747:
743:
739:
735:
726:
658:
655:and south to
654:
650:
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580:
576:
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435:
411:
379:
371:
362:
360:
356:
352:
348:
345:and northern
344:
340:
336:
333:and southern
332:
328:
327:North America
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
307:
303:
299:
296:
293:, is a small
292:
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212:Binomial name
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120:Tracheophytes
118:
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75:Least Concern
65:
61:
56:
52:
47:
44:
40:
37:
33:
19:
1015:
981:
975:
961:
954:
933:
928:
921:
892:
886:
879:
865:– via
859:. Retrieved
849:
843:
836:
824:. Retrieved
810:
804:
798:
790:
761:
753:
750:
746:Automeris io
745:
731:
651:and west to
644:
640:
573:, and lower
562:
558:
549:
546:Subdivisions
377:
376:
323:muscle beech
322:
318:
314:
310:
304:
300:tree in the
290:
285:
284:
283:
270:
262:
245:
220:
218:
202:
201:
189:
152:
139:
126:
113:
42:
36:
1251:NatureServe
1163:iNaturalist
1040:Wikispecies
826:19 November
738:Lepidoptera
563:caroliniana
365:Description
353:(southwest
133:Angiosperms
1407:Categories
1374:WisFlora:
1300:Plant List
782:References
776:golf clubs
645:virginiana
552:subspecies
507:, without
505:Monoecious
319:musclewood
311:blue-beech
298:understory
179:Betulaceae
1305:kew-34302
1129:233500311
929:Hardwoods
653:Minnesota
569:north to
513:staminate
434:involucre
331:Minnesota
197:Species:
103:Kingdom:
1418:Carpinus
1364:VASCAN:
1352:Tropicos
1256:2.149194
1194:10252615
1181:295249-1
1025:Wikidata
944:(USFS),
764:longbows
657:Arkansas
571:Delaware
498:caducous
495:Stipules
491:Petioles
337:east to
315:ironwood
306:Carpinus
295:hardwood
253:Synonyms
190:Carpinus
175:Family:
146:Eudicots
80:IUCN 3.1
1357:3600080
1238:MoBotPF
1142:2875842
1093:1148641
1031:Q468664
861:1 April
742:Io moth
720:Ecology
710:⁄
696:⁄
682:⁄
668:⁄
643:subsp.
632:⁄
618:⁄
604:⁄
590:⁄
561:subsp.
541:entire.
531:⁄
520:catkins
480:⁄
470:sapwood
455:⁄
441:⁄
427:⁄
417:⁄
410:catkins
403:⁄
389:⁄
359:Ontario
347:Florida
335:Ontario
329:, from
289:, the
185:Genus:
169:Fagales
165:Order:
107:Plantae
78: (
1318:CACA18
1313:PLANTS
1292:466474
1276:NZOR:
1243:277833
1220:194277
1155:105150
1116:carcar
1113:FEIS:
1054:AoFP:
988:
896:(WCSP)
511:, the
509:petals
355:Quebec
351:Canada
266:Michx.
228:Walter
159:Rosids
1269:12991
1207:19504
1189:IRMNG
1168:54768
1106:CIPCA
1064:APA:
969:–322.
579:Texas
516:spike
465:gray.
343:Texas
339:Maine
302:genus
153:Clade
140:Clade
127:Clade
114:Clade
1377:3031
1367:3720
1344:3139
1326:POWO
1264:NCBI
1215:IUCN
1202:ITIS
1176:IPNI
1150:GRIN
1137:GBIF
1101:EPPO
1080:RG24
1067:1156
1057:3128
986:ISBN
863:2015
828:2021
811:2014
774:and
758:Uses
373:Bark
321:and
274:Raf.
1385:WFO
1339:RHS
1230:555
1124:FNA
1088:EoL
1075:CoL
967:319
815:doi
748:).
1409::
1387::
1354::
1341::
1328::
1315::
1302::
1289::
1266::
1253::
1240::
1217::
1204::
1191::
1178::
1165::
1152::
1139::
1126::
1103::
1090::
1077::
1042::
1027::
940::
932:.
908:^
898:.
891:.
854:.
848:.
809:.
803:.
778:.
770:,
766:,
647:.
565:.
429:16
419:32
317:,
313:,
155::
142::
129::
116::
994:.
924:"
920:"
902:.
889:"
885:"
869:.
846:"
842:"
830:.
817::
801:"
797:"
744:(
712:8
708:3
705:+
703:2
701:–
698:8
694:3
691:+
689:1
684:4
680:3
677:+
675:4
673:–
670:4
666:1
663:+
661:3
634:4
630:1
627:+
625:2
623:–
620:4
616:1
613:+
611:1
606:2
602:1
599:+
597:3
595:–
592:4
588:1
585:+
583:1
533:2
529:1
526:+
524:1
500:.
482:8
478:1
457:4
453:1
450:+
448:1
446:–
443:4
439:3
425:5
422:–
415:9
405:4
401:3
398:+
396:4
394:–
391:4
387:1
384:+
382:1
82:)
34:.
20:)
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