887:, but even when the quarterback is not sacked, "hurries" and "knockdowns" are also important, as they also serve to disrupt in some manner the pass attempt. A "hurry" occurs when the quarterback is still able to make a throw, but is forced to throw before he would ideally like (e.g., before all of his receivers have completed running their routes). A "knockdown" occurs when the quarterback is still able to make a throw, but is knocked to the ground immediately upon making his throw because the rushing linemen were so close to him. Knockdowns and hurries can also serve to force the quarterback into making bad decisions, which could possibly result in interceptions for the defense.
54:
783:" is typically from the hash marks to the sideline and from the line of scrimmage to 3-5 yards downfield. The route itself may be executed several ways. The most common is also known as the arrow. This consists of a receiver lining up near the offensive tackle and then taking a short angled path directly to this area. Running backs often will execute a special flat route that involves them running toward the sideline without the ball from the backfield and then turning upfield as a receiver. This is often referred to as a swing route.
851:(The quarterback hands the ball off to the running back who in turns pitches it back to the quarterback who then throws it to a receiver down field), the Hook and Ladder, also known as the Hook and Lateral (One receiver runs a hook route and upon catching the ball, laterals it to another teammate as he passes him running down the field), and the double pass, where the quarterback throws a lateral to one player, who then throws a forward pass downfield. A notable example of a trick play is the touchdown pass to
549:. In a draw play, the offensive line drops into pass blocking positions, and the quarterback takes a drop as though he were going to pass. He then hands the ball off to his running back (or keeps it himself) and runs forward past the rushing defenders. The idea is that the defenders will be tricked in advancing on the quarterback as though it were a pass play, and this will vacate the area just beyond the line of scrimmage for the runner to take advantage of.
902:
from. This will usually cause the offensive lineman he is lined up across from to follow him while also occupying the offensive lineman he angled towards. In turn, the defensive lineman who would have been blocked by the offensive lineman that is being angled to will loop behind his teammate and rush through the gap that was created by the offensive lineman who followed the defensive lineman taking the angle.
434:
394:
153:- A shotgun formation is one of the most common formations in the modern game. The quarterback lines up 5-7 yards behind the line of scrimmage, typically with one or two halfbacks next to him. While it is often considered a passing formation, an increasing number of teams are building their offenses around shotgun formations and running several types of plays from them.
109:. That means that if a runner is driven back in the process of a tackle OR is ruled down by lack of forward progress, the ball is placed as close to his opponent's goal line as he had gotten before being driven back. If he runs backwards of his own volition, the ball is marked where he goes down. In the case of an incomplete pass, the ball is placed at the previous
825:
On a play-action pass, which is essentially the opposite of the draw play, the quarterback hopes to fake the defenders into thinking the offense is going to run the ball. The effects of this play is to slow down the pass rush of the defense and it forces the defensive backs to make a decision between
821:
The quarterback takes the snap and drops back to fake a handoff to the running back. The quarterback then rapidly pulls the ball back from the faked handoff, trying to hide it from the defense. The running back continues to move upfield as if he has the ball in his hands. The offensive line starts
375:
Also called a
Halfback Lead, this is one of the most basic power runs in football. It is designed to isolate the fullback on a block with a linebacker, giving the halfback an easy 5 yard gain. Meanwhile, the other linebackers are blocked on combo blocks from the offensive line. Because it requires a
968:
Zone defense is when defensive players (typically defensive backs and linebackers) are responsible for a specific area on the field during pass coverage. Zones are usually more effective against long passes. When playing in a zone defense, a defensive player is able to observe what the quarterback
882:
A pass rush (or, colloquially, 'pressure,' e.g., "Chicago really brought the pressure on that last play") occurs when the defense reads a pass play and elects to rush some combination of linemen (either 3 or 4 linemen in typical 3-4 or 4-3 schemes), in an effort to affect the pass that the opposing
651:
The option is rarely seen outside of college football, as high school teams lack the skill to execute it properly, and defensive players on professional teams are quick enough to disrupt the play to the point that it doesn't merit the risk involved, until the increased usages of read-option and RPO
479:
side of the play (away from the direction the fullback or running back is heading) will pull and lead block for the running back (most of the time, the guard will blindside an unblocked down linemen, and kick him out of the play). Often, the fullback will take the place of the guard, and block the
901:
Stunts are a special means of rushing the quarterback done to confuse the opposing team's offensive line. Properly executing a stunt requires two or more defensive lineman working together. One defensive lineman will take an angled path towards an offensive lineman that he is not lined up across
643:
An option play is a play in which the quarterback holds the ball and runs to either side of the offensive line, waiting for an opportunity to run upfield and advance the ball. At the same time, the running back follows, allowing the quarterback the 'option' of pitching the ball just before he is
624:
This play resembles a sweep, but before the running back crosses the line of scrimmage, he hands the ball off to a wide receiver going in the reverse (opposite) direction of where the running back was going. If the defense was drawn to the side of the field the running back was going towards, the
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Man-to-man coverage is when every receiver is covered by a defensive back or linebacker. It is a coverage often used while blitzing because there are not enough players available to effectively execute zone coverage. Man-to-man coverage may be used while not blitzing by teams who have superior
806:
A screen pass is a pass that is normally thrown to a receiver or running back behind the line of scrimmage. It is thrown behind the line of scrimmage so that the pulling linemen can get their blocks established. There is another screen called a bubble screen where there are 3 receivers bunched
708:
A post is a deep play where wide receivers run straight down the field a short distance (10-15 yards), and then angle in toward the center of the field (toward the goal 'posts') where the ball is caught at high speed. When this play was originally designed, the goal posts were on the "zero" yard
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Particularly in the highest levels of competition (professional and major college), a play may call for the receiver to 'read' the defensive coverage against him, and run a second route if the first option would be ineffectual. As an example, the receiver may be instructed to begin with a slant
352:
or numerous other names. The most basic run play is a run up the middle. In this case, the ball is handed off from the quarterback to a running back. The back then aims for a predetermined hole between his offensive linemen. This hole can be either between center and guard or between guard and
589:
The quarterback takes the snap and immediately dives to one side of the center or the other. This is often a short yardage play designed when only a yard or so is needed for a first down or a touchdown. Often the only players on either side of the ball that know the play is coming are the
609:
The wide receiver takes a handoff directly from the quarterback. The receiver then may proceed to do one of two things: he either runs the ball towards the line of scrimmage in order to gain yardage, or more rarely, he attempts to pass to another eligible pass receiver.
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line, in the front of the endzone - thus, a cornerback in man coverage would be led into the post. In a skinny post, the route is shorter and quicker than a deep post, which may cover 30 or 40 yards. This may also be referred to as a "glance in" or a "bang eight."
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is a deep route used typically when the receiver has a speed advantage over the defensive back. In the route, the receiver will run as fast as possible in straight line parallel to the sideline, in an attempt to outrun the defender who is covering them.
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The option play requires a very fast and mobile quarterback to execute it, and employs a considerable deal of risk, because if the pitch is mishandled it is a live ball that can be recovered by the defense, plus the quarterback can be hurt.
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from his intended path, then doubling back and heading in the opposite direction. Often defenders are clueing on the first move of the running back. The defenders committed to the first step, but the play moves in the opposite direction.
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blocking, where the offensive line blocks the defense towards (rather than away from) the intended direction of the play. This gambit often causes the defenders to think the play is going in the opposite direction, and they react as such.
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An eligible receiver runs a predetermined number of steps or yards upfield before stopping and turning back in slightly to face the quarterback, in the hopes that the defender cannot react and disrupt the pass before positive yardage
969:
is attempting to do, anticipate where a pass may be thrown, and perhaps intercept the pass. Zone defenses tend to produce interceptions of passes or outstanding collisions with receivers after they have made pass receptions.
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The In, Drag, or Dig route is the opposite of the Out route. As its name suggests, the route will usually feature the receiver running 7 to 10 yards downfield and then making a 90 degree turn towards the center of the field.
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The offensive team must have seven players on the line of scrimmage at the start of a play. Those players may be positioned at any place along the line of scrimmage (which extends all of the way across the playing field).
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aspect of it), as the play is often decided by the quarterback upon seeing the defense. The play is often called by a silent signal between quarterback and center (a pinch or a tap in the direction the sneak is headed).
952:
A "shut-down back" is a superior defensive back who does not need the assistance of another team-mate to cover a receiver. Football coaches value him because they may assign other tasks (for example, blitzing) to his
923:
occurs when the defense sends non defensive-line personnel (either linebackers or defensive backs) to rush the quarterback. A blitz is an expansion upon the effective concept of the aforementioned pass rush.
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lines up behind the quarterback and a halfback lines up behind the fullback. The name I formation comes from the vertical alignment of the quarterback, fullback, and halfback, especially when compared to a
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In attempting to halt the advancing of the football by the offensive team, the defensive team has many options. There are various formations that are commonly employed to defend against a passing attack.
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A flat route is named after the area of the field where it takes place. During a typical play, due to the routes of other receivers, there is an area of the field that is vacated. This area known as the
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tackle. The offensive line will run block, pushing defenders away from the chosen hole. Often, the fullback will lead block through the hole first to clear a path for the half back or running back.
843:
Trick/Gadget plays are plays that are designed to appear to be one type of play while in reality is another. These plays typically will catch defenses off guard. The most common example is the
159:- A pistol formation is a hybrid of the singleback and shotgun formations. The quarterback lines up about 4 yards behind the line of scrimmage, closer than a shotgun formation. Meanwhile, the
83:
The ball carrier's forward progress is stopped to the point where a stalemate occurs and it is clear that the ball cannot be advanced any farther, nor is he easily going down as defined above.
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The quarterback fakes a handoff to the running back and continues running with the ball opposite from the direction the running back was headed. The bootleg can have blockers similar to a
405:
the tackle. This type of play allows for more improvisation by the running back once he is past the line, since there is often more open field in this area than in any run up the middle.
218:-- When a member of the offensive line takes a step back from his usual place in a line and moves laterally in order to block somewhere else. Pulling can be done on pass and run plays.
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play. Other examples of trick plays are the
Halfback Pass or Razzle Dazzle (Where the running back will pretend to run the ball, but instead throws it to a receiver down field), the
401:
The 'bread-and-butter' of a run-oriented offense, this is typically the most common run play. Rather than aiming for a hole in the line, the running back aims for the spot just
441:
In a sweep play, the fullback begins by running towards the sideline before heading forward. This motion allows for some of the offensive linemen, often one or both guards, to
644:
tackled. This tactic forces defensive players to commit to either preventing the pitch or tackling the quarterback, allowing the offensive team to choose the best result.
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In a running play, the ball is advanced beyond the line of scrimmage by a player who receives it from behind the line of scrimmage. The player advancing the ball can be:
575:, that is without any blockers at all. A naked bootleg relies on the defense buying the fake handoff and moving to tackle the running back rather than the quarterback.
629:. However, it can also be run by putting a receiver in motion while the quarterback is under center, with the quarterback pitching the ball to the receiver behind him.
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The act of the center passing the ball from a resting position on the ground to a player behind the line of scrimmage, usually (but not always) the quarterback.
212:-- A situation where one player precedes the ball carrier along his intended path in order to clear any defensive players that have not already been blocked.
224:-- The protected area around a quarterback established by the offensive line in order to give him adequate time and sight lines in order to complete a pass.
169:- Another one of the most common formations in modern football. The quarterback lines up directly under center, but rather than having a single set back, a
128:
The defensive team may position as many as 11 players on the line of scrimmage. Usually, there are from 3 to 8 defensive players on the line of scrimmage.
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based on the technique a quarterback uses to pass the ball. A ball that leaves a player's hand and moves parallel to or away from the opponent's goal line.
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route, but if the defender has that covered, switch to an out route. For this to work correctly, the passer must make the same read as the receiver.
143:- A singleback formation, also called an “ace” and “lone setback”, is any formation where the quarterback lines up directly under center, with a lone
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240:-- A space in the line where a ball carrier aims on a running play. These can be predesignated holes defined by the spacing between players
196:-- An active type of blocking, where the player steps forward in an attempt to push a defensive player out of the path of the ball carrier.
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_ _ _ _ | _ _ | | | | | | W T G C G | T E |_______| W
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An out route will usually feature the receiver running 7 to 10 yards downfield and then making a 90 degree turn towards the sideline.-.
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There are several different types of formations, however, in modern football, formations can typically be classified into 4 categories:
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receiver can outrun the defense to the other side of the field and make a big gain. When run like this, it is generally considered a
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fullback, it is usually run out of I-formations, however there are several variants of the play that can be run in other formations.
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any further player to receive the ball via handoff or lateral. Any number of handoffs or laterals can occur on any play at any time.
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When the play ends, the ball is set for the next play. For the first three instances above, the ball is set at the point of its
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together to one side, and after the snap the ball is almost instantly thrown to the one farthest behind the line of scrimmage.
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to run block, but then quickly goes into pass protection. The receivers appear to block at first, then go into their routes.
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488:-hole between the guard and tackle (In some numbering schemes, the left and right sides are reversed, and this would be the
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for the running back to run through. A lead blocking fullback often leads him through the lane. This play, known as the
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In a toss play, the RB "curves out" toward the sideline on either side and the QB pitches ("tosses") the ball to the RB.
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quarterback is attempting to complete. Perhaps the most obvious and tangible result of a successful pass rush is the
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is a close-to-the-ground plan of action or strategy used to move the ball down the field. A play begins at either the
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101:) does NOT end the play. In the case of a fumble, the play still continues until one of the above conditions is met.
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A common form of the option executed on the high school, collegiate, and occasionally professional levels is the
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39:. These plays range from basic to very intricate. Football players keep a record of these plays in a playbook.
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The ball carrier is down, usually defined as when any body part besides the hands and feet touches the ground.
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296:-- A ball that is handed directly from one player to another without leaving the first player's hands first.
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College football teams West
Virginia, Air Force, Florida in 2000s often employ this play style.
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E T | G C G T W / | \| \ / | / \ DE |NT DL DE |______|
863:. The Seahawks' Jon Ryan threw a touchdown to Garry Gilliam in the 2015 NFC Championship Game.
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A play from scrimmage begins when the ball is delivered from the center to a back, usually the
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A slant is where a receiver will run straight, (5-8 yards) then take a hard turn left/right.
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offenses in NFL since the 2010s with increasing number of dual-threat quarterbacks.
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Once the play begins, it will continue until one of the following events happens:
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202:-- A passive type of blocking, where the player steps backward to establish a
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In a run up the middle, the running back will aim for one of the A or B gaps:
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the player (usually the quarterback) who receives the ball from the center,
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987:"Why Tom Brady is So Good, According to Former NFL Quarterbacks"
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W T G C G T E ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ W
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around the quarterback to give the quarterback a chance to pass.
178:, which is now extremely rare at all levels of modern football.
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97:). The ball touching the ground in other situations (called a
457:'s "run-to-daylight" offense that was so successful for the
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lined up approximately 5 yards behind the line of scrimmage.
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518:. In this play, the runner begins by taking a step or two
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defensive backs or against teams with inferior receivers.
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A forward pass touches the ground before it is caught (an
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covering a receiver or coming up to help stop the run.
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lines up behind the quarterback instead of next to him.
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Counter plays are often (but not always) coupled with
35:. Most commonly, plays occur at the snap during a
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445:from their normal positions and establish a
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230:-- A space between blockers. Defenders can
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567:(and in such cases is it often called a
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590:quarterback and the center (hence the
116:Play then resumes as described above.
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484:Trap blocking for a run through the
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61:A play begins in one of two ways:
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31:from the center or at
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437:A fullback sweep play
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188:Offensive terminology
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1047:Play calling system
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571:) or it can be run
49:Play from scrimmage
989:. 30 January 2019.
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248:(in a play called
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57:Drawing up a play.
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276:-- Also called a
264:-- Also called a
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1242:Special teams
1240:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
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1184:
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1179:
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1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1061:
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1039:
1036:
1032:
1029:
1022:
1017:
1015:
1010:
1008:
1003:
1002:
999:
988:
982:
978:
970:
965:
951:
950:
949:
940:
935:
925:
922:
916:
903:
898:
888:
886:
879:
864:
862:
861:Super Bowl XL
858:
854:
850:
846:
840:
830:
827:
823:
818:
808:
803:
793:
787:Option routes
784:
782:
771:
766:
765:Hitch (route)
756:
753:
749:
748:Slant (route)
739:
730:
726:
715:
710:
705:
695:
692:
688:
684:
678:
666:Passing plays
663:
661:
656:
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649:
645:
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628:
621:
611:
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586:
576:
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566:
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542:
532:
529:
524:
521:
517:
511:
507:
491:
487:
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482:
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478:
472:
462:
460:
456:
452:
451:Packers sweep
448:
444:
435:
430:
420:
416:
406:
404:
395:
390:
380:
377:
372:
356:
355:
354:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
329:
322:Up the middle
316:
315:
314:
308:
307:
306:
301:Running plays
295:
292:
289:
285:
281:
280:
279:backward pass
275:
272:
269:
268:
263:
260:
257:
254:
251:
247:
243:
239:
236:
233:
232:shoot the gap
229:
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220:
217:
214:
211:
208:
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201:
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177:
172:
168:
165:
162:
158:
155:
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149:
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142:
139:
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137:
129:
126:
117:
114:
112:
108:
100:
96:
92:
89:
88:out of bounds
85:
82:
79:
78:
77:
71:
68:
64:
63:
62:
55:
50:
40:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
1158:Forward pass
1030:
981:
967:
946:
937:
918:
900:
881:
849:Flea flicker
842:
828:
824:
820:
805:
790:
777:
768:
754:
751:
736:
728:
707:
704:Post (route)
690:
686:
682:
680:
657:
654:
650:
646:
642:
623:
608:
591:
588:
572:
568:
564:
562:
559:Bootleg play
546:
544:
527:
525:
519:
516:misdirection
515:
513:
510:Counter trey
489:
485:
476:
474:
446:
442:
440:
418:
402:
400:
378:
374:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
332:Also called
331:
312:
304:
293:
287:
283:
277:
273:
267:forward pass
265:
261:
255:
245:
241:
237:
227:
221:
215:
209:
203:
199:
193:
166:
156:
150:
145:running back
140:
135:
127:
123:
115:
106:
104:
87:
75:
60:
24:
18:
1294:Onside kick
1269:Punt return
953:team-mates.
811:Play-action
802:screen pass
796:Screen pass
733:In/Drag/Dig
725:Out (route)
677:Fly (route)
506:Counter run
328:Plunge/Dive
176:T formation
167:I-Formation
72:A free kick
67:quarterback
1335:Categories
1320:Quick kick
1315:Trick play
1299:Squib kick
1284:Fair catch
1279:Place kick
1233:Zone blitz
1218:Man-to-man
1168:Incomplete
1102:Off-tackle
973:References
943:Man-to-man
928:More plays
853:Hines Ward
839:trick play
759:Hook/Hitch
627:trick play
605:End-around
599:End-around
504:See also:
389:Off Tackle
383:Off tackle
210:lead block
200:pass block
141:Singleback
1274:Drop kick
1249:Touchback
1198:Alley-oop
1193:Hail Mary
1188:Drop-back
1178:Checkdown
878:Pass rush
691:fly route
541:Draw play
528:influence
415:Toss play
288:pitch-out
194:run block
857:Steelers
471:Trap run
171:fullback
161:halfback
1254:Kickoff
1211:Defense
1173:Lateral
1097:Counter
1077:Bootleg
1056:Offense
845:reverse
614:Reverse
553:Bootleg
500:Counter
403:outside
294:handoff
274:lateral
151:Shotgun
33:kickoff
1183:Screen
1112:Option
1072:Keeper
891:Stunts
633:Option
338:plunge
222:pocket
204:pocket
157:Pistol
99:fumble
1308:Other
1228:Blitz
1117:Sweep
1092:Power
1082:Sneak
1031:plays
921:blitz
909:Blitz
859:) in
781:flats
774:Arrow
742:Slant
592:sneak
573:naked
565:sweep
547:delay
423:Sweep
286:, or
284:pitch
1264:Punt
1223:Zone
1151:Pass
1142:Draw
1137:Zone
1132:Veer
1127:Trap
1122:Toss
1087:Dive
1064:Rush
958:Zone
885:sack
872:Rush
698:Post
687:seam
660:veer
535:Draw
520:away
508:and
477:back
465:Trap
447:lane
443:pull
409:Toss
350:slam
342:buck
334:dive
262:pass
256:snap
238:hole
216:pull
37:down
29:snap
25:play
23:, a
1107:End
719:Out
689:or
365:Iso
346:gut
313:or
228:gap
19:In
1337::
919:A
685:,
683:go
681:A
671:Go
662:.
348:,
344:,
340:,
336:,
282:,
252:).
113:.
1020:e
1013:t
1006:v
855:(
779:"
490:2
486:3
234:.
90:.
69:.
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