1619:"Amoor, Territory of, a name applied to Russian Manchooria, or the region of Southeastern Siberia acquired from the Chinese and Japanese by the Russians since 1858. It is bounded on the N. by Siberia proper, on the E. by the Seas of Okhotsk and Japan, the coast being Russian as far S. as the river Toomen, which divides it from Corea (the island of Saghalin being now included) ; on the W. by Chinese Manchooria, the rivers Oosooree, Argoon, Soongaree, and Amoor forming (for the most part) the boundary; and on the N.W. by the government of Transbaikalia. Its area, 905,462 square miles, is over four times that of France. It is divided into the provinces of Amoor and Primorsk."
991:
day, Sept. 3, 2024, TASS, the
Russian state-run news agency issued an article entitled "Russia, China officially confirm renunciation of territorial claims, diplomat says." The article purported to cite Maria Zakharova, the spokeperson for the Russian Foreign Ministry. What Zakharova actually said was quite telling. She said, "We are confident that our friends in Beijing share the same position." This statement acknowledges some doubt as she was "confident," but not completely sure. Zakharova also threw in some disparaging comments about Lai (referring to him as a "fringe politician").
251:
127:
664:
1022:
1343:, 1860)....The Convention of Peking, one of several unequal treaties, moreover assigned the parts in the East of the Ussuri River (Wusulijiang) to Russia. Outer Manchuria, also called Russian Manchuria was never claimed to be part of a Chinese nation-state. Today it belongs to the Russian Federation, is no longer referred to as Outer Manchuria, and is considered to be part of Siberia. Consequently, the name Manchuria refers only to Inner Manchuria today. In the following, I will refer to Inner Manchuria as Manchuria."
175:
139:
151:
1501:"New Russian leaders may or may not look to the West rather than Beijing, and might be so weak that the Russian Federation’s fragmentation, especially east of the Urals, isn’t inconceivable. Beijing is undoubtedly eyeing this vast territory, which potentially contains incalculable mineral wealth. Significant portions of this region were under Chinese sovereignty until the 1860 Treaty of Peking transferred “outer Manchuria,” including extensive Pacific coast lands, to Moscow."
90:
163:
106:
918:
was seen as tenuous by the
Russians. Despite warnings, Qing authorities remained indecisive about how to respond to the Russian presence. In 1856, Russian military entered the area north of the Amur on pretext of defending the area from France and the UK, Russian settlers founded new towns and cut down forests in the region, and the Russian government created a new maritime province,
1586:"MANCHURIA, man-cho͞oʹre-a (the land of the Manchus). The northeastern part of the Chinese Empire, situated east of Mongolia and the Argun River (which formerly traversed Manchurian territory), south of the Amur River (which separates it from Siberia), and west of the Usuri, which separates it from Primorsk (Maritime Province) or Russian Manchuria (a Chinese possession until 1860)."
1018:
the two
Karakhan Manifestos. During 1991 and 2004, there were border-treaties between Russia and China. The Karakhan Manifestos are not border treaties. They are unilateral, but legally binding offers of the return of territory to China. Here are three excerpts from the first Karakhan Manifesto (I) according to the translated, English version published by Allen S. Whiting:
1401:"For these services Moscow exacted a staggering territorial price: a broad swath of territory in so-called Outer Manchuria along the Pacific coast, including the port city now called Vladivostok.¹⁴ In a stroke, Russia had gained a major new naval base, a foothold in the Sea of Japan, and 350,000 square miles of territory once considered Chinese."
1017:
in which he promised to return to China all territories taken in
Siberia and Manchuria during the Tsarist period and to return the Chinese Eastern Railway and other concessions. He signed his name on both documents as deputy minister of foreign affairs. To date, China has never renounced the offer of
1008:
generally, further noting that "ignificant portions of this region were under
Chinese sovereignty until the 1860 Treaty of Peking". However, two American historians, Jon K. Chang and Bruce A. Elleman disagree with Larin, Radchenko and other Russian historians. Chang and Elleman note that in 1919 and
917:
settlement in
Manchuria; nevertheless, there was significant Han Chinese migration into areas south of the Amur and west of the Ussuri. By the mid-19th century, there were very few subjects of the Qing Empire living in the areas north of the Amur and east of the Ussuri, and Qing authority in the area
1062:
The Soviet
Government has renounced the conquests made by the Tsarist Government which deprived China of Manchuria and other areas....The Soviet Government is well aware ... that the return to the Chinese people of what was taken from them requires first of all putting an end to the robber invasion
990:
Sergey
Radchenko, speaking for China's government stated, "China fully recognizes Russia's sovereignty over these territories ." He also called Taiwan's President Lai, "seriously misguided" for attempting to suggest to China to take back her "lost territories," rather than invade Taiwan. The next
1030:
We bring help not only to our own labouring classes, but to the
Chinese people too, and we once more remind them of what they have been told ever since the great October revolution of 1917, but which was perhaps concealed from them by the venal press of America, Europe, and Japan.
983:, said that the fact that Russia had built Vladivostok “is a historical fact that cannot be rewritten,” and that the notion that Vladivostok was ever a Chinese town is a “myth” based on a misreading of evidence that a few Chinese sometimes came to the area to fish and collect
987:. The main point of Viktor Larin was that the Russian Far East (outer Manchuria) is Russia's. They developed the region and thus, will not give it back. Larin was a state historian and ethnographer. He would not stray from the government "line."
2133:
999:
Despite the potential for territorial claims coextensive with the Qing dynasty, Chinese leaders as of 2014 had not suggested that
Mongolia and part of Outer or Russian Manchuria would be a legitimate objective. In April 2023, US diplomat
973:
1468:
1046:
But the Chinese people, the Chinese workers and peasants, could not even learn the truth, could not find out the reason for this invasion by the American, European, and Japanese robbers of Manchuria and Siberia.
930:, Qing China was forced to sign a series of treaties that gave away territories and ports to various Western powers as well as to Russia and Japan; these were collectively known by the Chinese side as the
2140:
2014:
1235:
2068:
1144:
1335:"In the mid-19th century, the Qing government gave over (so-called) Outer Manchuria, where mostly non-Manchu Tungusic people dwelled, to the Russian Empire by the Treaty of Aigun (
2100:
1495:
946:
rivers. As a result, China lost the region that came to be known as Outer Manchuria or Russian Manchuria (an area of 350,000 square miles (910,000 km)) and access to the
899:. When the Qing sent officials to erect boundary markers, the markers were set up far to the south of the agreed limits, ignoring some 23,000 square miles of territory.
1077:
The Karakhan Manifestos I and II are similar. Both promise to return "the conquests made by the Tsarist Government which deprived China of Manchuria and other areas."
1812:
2126:
1771:
1989:
2024:
2092:
89:
2063:
650:
2265:
583:
1004:
speculated that China is "undoubtedly eyeing this vast territory, which potentially contains incalculable mineral wealth", referring to
2245:
750:, with the terms "Outer Manchuria" and "Russian Manchuria" arising after the Russian annexation. The same general area became known as
762:"Manchuria" was coined in the 19th century to refer to the northeastern part of the Qing Empire, the traditional homeland of the
430:
1013:, the Soviet deputy minister (also called "commissar") of foreign affairs, issued two legally binding "declarations" called the
1198:
1958:
1704:
1654:
1378:
1312:
1213:
1120:
In 1973, the Soviet Union renamed several locations in the region that bore names of Chinese origin. Names affected included
2250:
2240:
1838:
2270:
1751:
Fletcher, Joseph (1978). "Sino-Russian Relations, 1800-62: The loss of north-east Manchuria". In Fairbank, John K (ed.).
1529:
490:
1140:
for Mankovka; Gurskoye for Khungari; Cherenshany for Sinan cha; Rudny for Lifudzin; and Uglekamensk for Severny Suchan.
643:
1930:
1445:
1420:
950:. In the wake of these events, the Qing government changed course and encouraged Han Chinese migration to Manchuria (
2039:
2260:
1797:
1852:
671:, and subsequent losses of territory to Russia in the 1858 Treaty of Aigun (beige) and 1860 Treaty of Peking (red)
1999:
1218:
1147:
relabelled eight cities and areas inside Russia in the region with Chinese names. The eight names are Boli for
1025:
Karakhan Manifesto I (signed July 25, 1919) courtesy of Allen S. Whiting's Soviet Policies in China, 1917-1924.
829:
803:
588:
883:
The northern part of the area was disputed by Qing China and the Russian Empire, in the midst of the Russia's
2255:
1902:
1885:
821:
795:
636:
543:
501:
230:
539:
979:, the director of the Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnography of the Peoples of the Far East in
2019:
471:
1946:
1646:
1560:
119:
1752:
2073:
1203:
906:
to Sakhalin and the region of the Amur to determine the extent of Russian influence and penetration.
884:
573:
511:
496:
486:
476:
353:
2118:
1606:
1600:
1554:
938:, the Treaty of Peking in 1860, the Sino–Russian border was realigned in Russia's favour along the
869:
421:
132:
17:
1575:
1696:
1690:
1473:
784:
1640:
1515:
2093:"The Legacy of a War: How the Legacy of the Russo-Japanese War Affected the US-Japan Relations"
1636:
1581:
1511:
578:
403:
1302:
1521:
667:
Map showing the original border (in pink) between Manchuria and Russia according to the 1689
563:
333:
250:
239:
8:
2235:
2197:
1686:
1164:
923:
888:
668:
2230:
2225:
2040:"OPINION: China Challenges Russia by Restoring Chinese Names of Cities on Their Border"
1817:
1776:
1193:
1114:
1014:
919:
896:
892:
723:
711:
553:
663:
1970:
1962:
1926:
1830:
1822:
1789:
1781:
1710:
1700:
1668:
1660:
1650:
1610:
1535:
1525:
1486:
1478:
1441:
1416:
1392:
1384:
1374:
1326:
1318:
1308:
602:
598:
265:
76:
1642:
Strategic Reassurance and Resolve: U.S.-China Relations in the Twenty-First Century
1021:
935:
931:
891:
signed in 1689 after a series of conflicts, defined the Sino–Russian border as the
775:
747:
687:
621:
180:
62:
48:
2185:
2179:
2107:
1920:
1632:
1358:
1266:
1223:
1188:
1152:
1129:
1106:
1098:
952:
865:
767:
743:
739:
695:
612:
557:
534:
529:
446:
441:
144:
1085:
Today, there are reminders of the ancient Manchu domination in English-language
903:
2203:
1363:
1228:
1208:
1172:
1102:
922:, including Sakhalin, the mouth of the Amur, and Kamchatka with its capital at
861:
771:
731:
707:
683:
548:
156:
94:
Outer Manchuria, north and east of the China-Russia border, shown in light red.
1396:
1301:
Schneider, Julia C. (2017). "The New Setting: Political Thinking after 1912".
2219:
2015:"Territorial dispute between China and Russia risks clouding friendly future"
1966:
1826:
1785:
1714:
1672:
1539:
1490:
1482:
1370:
1330:
1322:
1133:
763:
751:
727:
719:
694:(until the mid-19th century). While Manchuria now more normatively refers to
568:
481:
398:
388:
328:
303:
293:
217:
1614:
1974:
1834:
1793:
1090:
1010:
1005:
984:
947:
774:, the ceded areas were known as "Outer Manchuria" or "Russian Manchuria". (
735:
715:
505:
461:
451:
426:
378:
2161:
2049:
1464:
1262:
1156:
1094:
1001:
980:
914:
873:
393:
318:
308:
168:
1602:
A Complete Pronouncing Gazetteer or Geographical Dictionary of the World
2173:
1994:
1148:
1137:
1125:
1121:
939:
927:
703:
368:
363:
2191:
2167:
2044:
1176:
1168:
699:
691:
608:
593:
373:
192:
2148:
1868:
934:. Starting with the Treaty of Aigun in 1858 and, in the wake of the
1869:
Russia, China officially confirm rununciation of territorial claims
1160:
877:
466:
348:
283:
187:
1664:
1388:
754:
after a large number of settlers from Ukraine came to the region.
1757:. Vol. 10. Cambridge University Press. pp. 38, 332–351.
1086:
456:
383:
338:
313:
212:
1631:
2069:
Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China
1438:
Spirit Voices: The Mysteries and Magic of North Asian Shamanism
1145:
Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China
1110:
943:
910:
837:
811:
436:
323:
298:
288:
111:
80:
1813:"Vladivostok Lures Chinese Tourists (Many Think It's Theirs)"
358:
343:
1113:, a non-Manchu Tungusic people, who speak a closely related
1469:"A New American Grand Strategy to Counter Russia and China"
1117:, make up a significant part of the indigenous population.
860:
Outer Manchuria comprises the modern-day Russian areas of
1413:
History of Soybeans and Soyfoods in Manchuria (1833-2022)
2072:(in Simplified Chinese). 2023. p. 7. Archived from
913:
character of Manchuria, the Qing dynasty discouraged
789:
1304:
Nation and Ethnicity: Chinese Discourses on History,
1990:"China's ironic reticence on land grab in Ukraine"
1947:"NCNA Condemns New Soviet Place Names in Far East"
1514:(2015). "Conflicts Real, Latent, and Imaginable".
1494:
1362:
714:which covered the area in the right bank of both
2217:
2012:
1639:(2014). "The Determinants of Chinese Strategy".
902:In 1809, the Japanese government sent explorer
1339:, 1858) and the (First) Convention of Peking (
2134:
1746:
1744:
1233:
970:
698:, it originally included areas consisting of
644:
54:
40:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1627:
1625:
1594:
1592:
1510:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
847:
730:, but control of the area was ceded to the
2141:
2127:
1766:
1764:
1559:. Vol. XXI (9th ed.). New York:
1240:(1972 Russian Far East Place Name Changes)
651:
637:
1845:
1721:
1622:
1589:
1410:
1357:
1300:
1105:and other small mountain ranges; and the
207:910,000 km (350,000 sq mi)
1951:Daily Report: People's Republic of China
1750:
1685:
1459:
1457:
1346:
1283:
1020:
662:
584:Korean People's Association in Manchuria
2037:
1925:. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
1918:
1810:
1804:
1761:
1361:(2011). "From Preeminence to Decline".
1261:usually refers to a narrower region of
14:
2218:
1895:
1878:
1605:(New Revised ed.). Philadelphia:
1504:
1463:
722:. The region was ruled by a series of
2122:
2038:Nahaylo, Bohdan (February 26, 2023).
1959:Foreign Broadcast Information Service
1886:Beijing's claims to Russian territory
1454:
1214:Sixty-Four Villages East of the River
2090:
1901:Jon K. Chang and Bruce A. Elleman, "
1884:Jon K. Chang and Bruce A. Elleman, "
1861:
1171:, Outer Khingan (Outer Xing'an) for
2013:Jan van der Made (March 21, 2023).
1987:
1922:Soviet Policies in China, 1917-1924
1577:The New International Encyclopaedia
1435:
27:Historical region in Northeast Asia
24:
1199:1991 Sino–Russian Border Agreement
1097:; the Amur and Ussuri rivers; the
959:
25:
2282:
2246:Geography of the Russian Far East
2149:Chinese historical placenames in
2084:
1903:Russian far east belongs to China
1811:Higgins, Andrew (July 23, 2016).
1772:"China Assails New Siberia Names"
1440:. Red Wheel Weiser. p. 140.
718:and the lower Amur River to the
690:but historically formed part of
249:
173:
161:
149:
137:
125:
104:
88:
2056:
2031:
2006:
1988:Pao, Jeff (February 25, 2023).
1981:
1939:
1912:
1679:
1251:
1093:, the great coastal range; the
416:Medieval to Early Modern period
2266:China–Russian Empire relations
1754:The Cambridge History of China
1692:China: The Pessoptimist Nation
1567:
1546:
1429:
1404:
1219:1900 Amur anti-Chinese pogroms
1155:, Haishenwai (Haishenwei) for
1080:
994:
842:
833:
825:
816:
807:
799:
13:
1:
1415:. Soyinfo Center. p. 6.
1276:
887:, between 1643 and 1689. The
502:Sino-Russian border conflicts
964:
852:'outer northeast').
757:
7:
2251:Historical regions of China
2241:Geography of Northeast Asia
2113:— 1903 illustrated article.
2020:Radio France Internationale
1580:. Vol. XII. New York:
1556:The Encyclopædia Britannica
1411:Shurtleff, William (2022).
1182:
790:
278:Ancient to Classical period
30:Historical region of Russia
10:
2287:
1919:Whiting, Allen S. (1953).
1647:Princeton University Press
1517:The Future of Land Warfare
1143:On February 14, 2023, the
1063:of Manchuria and Siberia.
855:
2157:
1553:"SAGHALIN, or SAKHALIN".
1234:
1204:Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island
974:Виктор Лаврентьевич Ларин
971:
969:In 2016, Victor L. Larin
779:
702:between the left bank of
574:Kwantung Leased Territory
211:
203:
198:
186:
118:
99:
87:
74:
55:
41:
35:
1909:, Sept. 18, 2024 edition
1892:, Sept. 11, 2024 edition
1607:J. B. Lippincott Company
1244:
1175:, and Shuangchengzi for
870:Jewish Autonomous Oblast
686:that is now part of the
682:, refers to a region in
422:Eastern Turkic Khaganate
133:Jewish Autonomous Oblast
1875:, Sept. 3, 2024 edition
1858:, Sept. 2, 2024 edition
1697:Oxford University Press
1599:"Amoor, Territory of".
1561:Charles Scribner's Sons
1474:The Wall Street Journal
2271:China–Russia relations
1582:Dodd, Mead and Company
1075:
1059:
1043:
1026:
672:
579:Nationalist government
2076:on February 16, 2023.
2052:on February 26, 2023.
2002:on February 25, 2023.
1961:: A 1. 7 March 1973.
1609:. 1898. p. 489.
1522:Brookings Institution
1132:for Teyukhe‐Pristan;
1060:
1044:
1028:
1024:
666:
2256:History of Manchuria
1687:Callahan, William A.
1584:. 1906. p. 782.
1563:. 1886. p. 147.
1520:. Washington, D.C.:
1512:O'Hanlon, Michael E.
564:Far Eastern Republic
334:Yan (Three Kingdoms)
309:Yan (Warring States)
2261:China–Russia border
2198:Nikolayevsk-on-Amur
2110:Russia in Manchuria
2108:Books.google.com:
1637:Michael E. O'Hanlon
1524:Press. p. 55.
1436:Shi, David (2023).
1165:Nikolayevsk-on-Amur
1089:: for example, the
1015:Karakhan Manifestos
926:. After losing the
924:Nikolayevsk-on-Amur
889:Treaty of Nerchinsk
830:traditional Chinese
804:traditional Chinese
678:, sometimes called
669:Treaty of Nerchinsk
472:Jurchen Jin dynasty
431:Andong Protectorate
2091:Karaoğlu, Semiha.
2027:on March 21, 2023.
1851:Micah McCartney, "
1818:The New York Times
1777:The New York Times
1649:. pp. 36–37.
1467:(April 12, 2023).
1194:Karakhan Manifesto
1027:
920:Primorskaya Oblast
893:Stanovoy Mountains
885:Far East expansion
876:and the island of
822:simplified Chinese
796:simplified Chinese
710:to the north, and
673:
554:Beiyang government
260:Prehistoric period
204: • Total
2213:
2212:
1841:on July 27, 2016.
1800:on June 22, 2023.
1780:. March 8, 1973.
1706:978-0-19-960439-5
1656:978-0-691-15951-5
1499:on 29 April 2023.
1380:978-1-59420-271-1
1314:978-90-04-33011-5
1115:Tungusic language
850:
788:
724:Chinese dynasties
680:Russian Manchuria
661:
660:
603:Chinese Civil War
599:Liaoshen Campaign
589:Japanese invasion
544:Russian invasions
404:Göktürk Khaganate
266:Liao civilization
223:
222:
77:Historical region
69:Russian Manchuria
16:(Redirected from
2278:
2206:(Waixing'anling)
2143:
2136:
2129:
2120:
2119:
2104:
2103:on 10 July 2022.
2099:. Archived from
2078:
2077:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2048:. Archived from
2035:
2029:
2028:
2023:. Archived from
2010:
2004:
2003:
1998:. Archived from
1985:
1979:
1978:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1916:
1910:
1899:
1893:
1882:
1876:
1865:
1859:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1837:. Archived from
1808:
1802:
1801:
1796:. Archived from
1768:
1759:
1758:
1748:
1719:
1718:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1633:Steinberg, James
1629:
1620:
1618:
1596:
1587:
1585:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1508:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1493:. Archived from
1461:
1452:
1451:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1408:
1402:
1400:
1368:
1359:Kissinger, Henry
1355:
1344:
1334:
1298:
1270:
1255:
1239:
1238:
1236:1972年俄罗斯远东地区地名变更
1151:, Hailanpao for
1073:
1057:
1041:
978:
977:
936:Second Opium War
932:Unequal Treaties
909:To preserve the
851:
848:
844:
835:
827:
818:
809:
801:
793:
783:
781:
748:Treaty of Peking
688:Russian Far East
653:
646:
639:
622:Russian Far East
354:Sima Jin dynasty
253:
243:
225:
224:
181:Zabaykalsky Krai
179:
177:
176:
167:
165:
164:
155:
153:
152:
143:
141:
140:
131:
129:
128:
120:Federal subjects
110:
108:
107:
92:
66:
58:
57:
52:
44:
43:
33:
32:
21:
2286:
2285:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2216:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2186:Sakhalin Island
2180:Blagoveshchensk
2170:(Shuangchengzi)
2153:
2151:Outer Manchuria
2147:
2087:
2082:
2081:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2036:
2032:
2011:
2007:
1986:
1982:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1933:
1917:
1913:
1900:
1896:
1883:
1879:
1866:
1862:
1850:
1846:
1809:
1805:
1770:
1769:
1762:
1749:
1722:
1707:
1699:. p. 240.
1684:
1680:
1657:
1630:
1623:
1598:
1597:
1590:
1573:
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1341:Beijing tiaoyue
1315:
1307:. p. 277.
1299:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1273:
1267:Khabarovsk Krai
1256:
1252:
1247:
1224:Amur Annexation
1189:Chinese Tartary
1185:
1153:Blagoveshchensk
1130:Rudnaya Pristan
1107:Shantar Islands
1099:Greater Khingan
1083:
1074:
1070:Soviet Policies
1067:
1058:
1054:Soviet Policies
1051:
1042:
1038:Soviet Policies
1035:
1011:Lev M. Karakhan
997:
967:
962:
960:Modern opinions
953:Chuang Guandong
866:Khabarovsk Krai
858:
768:Amur Annexation
760:
744:Treaty of Aigun
740:Amur Annexation
696:Northeast China
676:Outer Manchuria
657:
628:
627:
618:Outer Manchuria
613:Northeast China
558:Fengtian Clique
535:Chuang Guandong
530:Amur Annexation
525:
517:
516:
447:Dongdan Kingdom
442:Little Goguryeo
417:
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2204:Stanovoy Range
2201:
2195:
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2171:
2165:
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2086:
2085:External links
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1173:Stanovoy Range
1167:, Nibuchu for
1163:, Miaojie for
1128:for Tetyukhe;
1103:Lesser Khingan
1082:
1079:
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2164:(Haishenwai)
2150:
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2109:
2101:the original
2097:researchgate
2096:
2074:the original
2067:
2064:"公开地图内容表示规范"
2058:
2050:the original
2043:
2033:
2025:the original
2018:
2008:
2000:the original
1993:
1983:
1954:
1950:
1941:
1921:
1914:
1907:Taipei Times
1906:
1897:
1890:Taipei Times
1889:
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1839:the original
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1496:the original
1472:
1465:Bolton, John
1437:
1431:
1412:
1406:
1369:. New York:
1364:
1340:
1336:
1303:
1258:
1253:
1142:
1124:for Suchan;
1119:
1091:Sikhote-Alin
1084:
1076:
1069:
1061:
1053:
1045:
1037:
1029:
1006:Asian Russia
998:
989:
968:
951:
948:Sea of Japan
908:
904:Mamiya Rinzō
901:
882:
859:
841:
815:
766:. After the
761:
742:in the 1858
716:Ussuri River
679:
675:
674:
617:
462:Liao dynasty
452:Later Balhae
427:Tang dynasty
379:Northern Yan
114:(since 1860)
2182:(Hailanpao)
2162:Vladivostok
1263:Amur Oblast
1159:, Kuye for
1157:Vladivostok
1095:Khanka Lake
1081:Place names
1002:John Bolton
995:In the West
981:Vladivostok
915:Han Chinese
897:Argun River
874:Amur Oblast
864:, southern
843:Wài Dōngběi
817:Wài Mǎnzhōu
738:during the
712:Primorskaya
319:Han dynasty
240:History of
169:Amur Oblast
2236:Inner Asia
2220:Categories
2174:Khabarovsk
1995:Asia Times
1665:2013035849
1397:1025648355
1389:2011009265
1277:References
1149:Khabarovsk
1138:Sibirtsevo
1136:for Iman;
1126:Dalnegorsk
1122:Partizansk
928:Opium Wars
780:Приаму́рье
736:Qing China
704:Amur River
369:Former Qin
364:Former Yan
42:Приаму́рье
2231:East Asia
2226:Manchuria
2200:(Miaojie)
2194:(Nibuchu)
2192:Nerchinsk
2188:(Kuyedao)
2168:Ussuriysk
2045:Kyiv Post
1967:0892-0141
1827:0362-4331
1786:0362-4331
1715:754167885
1673:861542585
1540:930512519
1491:781541372
1483:0099-9660
1331:974211957
1323:1574-4493
1259:Priamurye
1177:Ussuriysk
1169:Nerchinsk
1068:Whiting,
1052:Whiting,
1036:Whiting,
965:In Russia
791:Priamurye
785:romanized
758:Etymology
746:and 1860
700:Priamurye
692:Manchuria
609:Manchuria
594:Manchukuo
512:Qing rule
497:Later Jin
487:Ming rule
477:Yuan rule
374:Later Yan
242:Manchuria
193:Manchuria
188:Named for
1856:Newsweek
1689:(2010).
1615:83607338
1365:On China
1183:See also
1161:Sakhalin
1087:toponyms
1066:—
1056:, p. 270
1050:—
1040:, p. 269
1034:—
895:and the
878:Sakhalin
726:and the
706:and the
467:Xingliao
349:Goguryeo
284:Gojoseon
231:a series
229:Part of
18:Amurland
1975:1113433
1867:TASS, "
1835:1645522
1794:1645522
856:History
787::
776:Russian
770:by the
457:Jeongan
384:Kumo Xi
339:Cao Wei
314:Xiongnu
213:Demonym
100:Country
63:Chinese
49:Russian
2176:(Boli)
1973:
1965:
1957:(45).
1929:
1833:
1825:
1792:
1784:
1713:
1703:
1671:
1663:
1653:
1613:
1538:
1528:
1489:
1481:
1444:
1419:
1395:
1387:
1377:
1329:
1321:
1311:
1111:Evenks
1009:1920,
944:Ussuri
911:Manchu
872:, the
868:, the
840::
838:pinyin
832::
824::
814::
812:pinyin
806::
798::
540:Korean
491:Nurgan
437:Balhae
399:Shiwei
389:Khitan
324:Wuhuan
299:Yemaek
294:Donghu
289:Sushen
233:on the
218:Manchu
178:
166:
154:
142:
130:
112:Russia
109:
81:Russia
59:
45:
1245:Notes
359:Yuwen
344:Buyeo
1971:OCLC
1963:ISSN
1927:ISBN
1873:TASS
1831:OCLC
1823:ISSN
1790:OCLC
1782:ISSN
1711:OCLC
1701:ISBN
1669:OCLC
1661:LCCN
1651:ISBN
1611:OCLC
1536:OCLC
1526:ISBN
1487:OCLC
1479:ISSN
1442:ISBN
1417:ISBN
1393:OCLC
1385:LCCN
1375:ISBN
1327:OCLC
1319:ISSN
1309:ISBN
1257:Now
942:and
940:Amur
849:lit.
620:(in
542:and
506:Jaxa
394:Mohe
199:Area
1905:",
1888:,"
1871:,"
1854:,"
956:).
834:外東北
826:外东北
820:or
808:外滿洲
800:外满洲
734:by
79:of
56:外满洲
2222::
2095:.
2066:.
2042:.
2017:.
1992:.
1969:.
1953:.
1949:.
1829:.
1821:.
1815:.
1788:.
1774:.
1763:^
1723:^
1709:.
1695:.
1667:.
1659:.
1645:.
1635:;
1624:^
1591:^
1534:.
1485:.
1477:.
1471:.
1456:^
1391:.
1383:.
1348:^
1325:.
1317:.
1285:^
1179:.
1109:.
1101:,
880:.
846:;
836:;
828:;
810:;
802:;
794:;
782:,
778::
2142:e
2135:t
2128:v
1977:.
1955:I
1935:.
1717:.
1675:.
1617:.
1542:.
1450:.
1425:.
1399:.
1333:.
1269:.
976:)
972:(
652:e
645:t
638:v
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611:/
605:)
601:(
560:)
556:(
508:)
504:(
493:)
489:(
433:)
429:(
65:)
61:(
51:)
47:(
20:)
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