564:
their experiences do not necessarily report cases of awareness unless directly asked. Many who are greatly disturbed report their awareness but anesthesiologists and hospitals deny that it has happened. It has been found that some patients may not recall experiencing awareness until one to two weeks after undergoing surgery. It was also found that some patients require a more detailed interview to jog their memories for intraoperative experiences but these are only untraumatic cases. Some researchers have found that while anesthesia awareness does not commonly occur in minor surgeries, it may occur more frequently in more serious surgeries, and that it is good practice to warn of the possibility of awareness in those cases where it may be more likely.
275:, has been given as part of general anesthesia. When paralyzed, patients may not be able to communicate their distress or alert the operating room staff of their consciousness until the paralytic wears off. After surgery, recognition of the symptoms of an awareness event may be delayed. One review showed that only about 35% of patients are able to report an awareness event immediately after the surgery, with the rest remembering the experience weeks to months afterward. Depending on the awareness experience, patients may have postoperative psychological problems that range from mild
350:, the anesthesia provider may aim to provide "light anesthesia" and should discuss this with patients to warn them. During such circumstances, consciousness and recall may occur because judgments of depth of anesthesia are not precise. The anesthesia provider must weigh the need to keep the patient safe and stable with the goal of preventing awareness. Sometimes, it is necessary to provide lighter anesthesia in order to preserve the life of the patient. "Light" anesthesia means less drugs by the intravenous route or via inhalational means, leading to less cardiovascular depression (
513:, the goal is to provide comfort with neuraxial anesthetic yet maintain consciousness so that the mother can participate in the birth of the child. Other circumstances may include, but are not limited to, procedures that are minimally invasive or purely diagnostic (and thus not uncomfortable). Sometimes, the patient's health may not tolerate the stress of general anesthesia. The decision to provide MAC versus general anesthesia can be complex, involving careful consideration of individual circumstances and discussion with the patient about their preferences.
3480:
3490:
36:
559:
selection of words could be heard during the surgery. The following scenario is an example. Patients were exposed during anesthesia to a list of words containing the word "pension". Postoperatively, when presented with the three-letter word stem PEN___ and asked to supply the first word that came to their minds beginning with those letters, they gave the word "pension" more often than "pencil" or "peninsula" or others.
128:
596:). The monitors usually process the EEG signal down to a single number, where 100 corresponds to a patient who is fully alert, and zero corresponds to electrical silence. General anesthesia is usually signified by a number between 60 and 40 (this varies with the specific system used). There are several monitors now commercially available. These newer technologies include the
631:). This means that the technology that will reliably monitor depth of anesthesia for every patient and every anesthetic does not yet exist. This may in part explain why a 2016 systematic review and meta analysis concluded that depth-of-anesthesia monitors had a similar effect to standard clinical monitoring on the risk of awareness during surgery.
444:
awareness. Many World War II-vintage Boyle 'F' models are still functional and used in UK hospitals. Their emergency oxygen flush valves have a tendency to release oxygen into the breathing system, which, when added to the mixture set by the anesthesiologist, can lead to awareness. This may also be caused by an empty vaporizer (or
375:. Other causes include unfamiliarity with techniques used, e.g. intravenous anesthetic regimes, and inexperience. Most cases of awareness are caused by inexperience and poor anesthetic technique, which can be any of the above, but also includes techniques that could be described as outside the boundaries of "normal" practice. The
640:
cardiac surgery and between 10% and 40% for anesthesia of the traumatized. The majority of these do not feel pain, although around one-third did, in a range of experience from a sore throat caused by the endotracheal tube, to traumatic pain at the incision site. The incidence is halved in the absence of neuromuscular blockade.
210:, avoiding complete muscle paralysis, and managing patients' expectations. Diagnosis is made postoperatively by asking patients about potential awareness episodes and can be aided by the modified Brice interview questionnaire. A common but devastating complication of intraoperative awareness with recall is the development of
479:) may increase the anesthetic dose needed to produce unconsciousness. There may be genetic variations that cause differences in how quickly patients clear anesthetics, and there may be differences in how the sexes react to anesthetics as well. In addition, anesthetic requirement is increased in persons with naturally
697:
A study from Sweden in 2002 attempted to follow up 18 patients for approximately 2 years after having been previously diagnosed with awareness under anesthesia. Four of the nine interviewed patients were still severely disabled due to psychiatric/psychological after-effects. All of these patients had
572:
The risk of awareness is reduced by avoidance of paralytics unless necessary; careful checking of drugs, doses and equipment; good monitoring, and careful vigilance during the case. The
Isolated Forearm Technique (IFT) can be used to monitor consciousness; the technique involves applying a tourniquet
516:
Patients who undergo conscious sedation or monitored anesthesia care are never meant to be without recall. Whether a patient remembers the procedure depends on the type of anesthetic, dosages, patient physiology, and other factors. Many patients undergoing monitored anesthesia may go through profound
329:
Many types of surgery do not require the patient to be paralyzed. A patient who is anesthetized but not paralyzed can move in response to a painful stimulus if the analgesia is inadequate. This may serve as a warning sign that the anesthetic depth is inadequate. Movement under general anesthesia does
312:
must be used. The paralyzing agent does not cause unconsciousness or take away the patient's ability to feel pain, but does prevent the patient from breathing, so the airway (trachea) must be protected and the lungs ventilated to ensure adequate oxygenation of the blood and removal of carbon dioxide.
563:
Some researchers are now formally interviewing patients postoperatively to calculate the incidence of anesthesia awareness. It is good practice for the anesthesiologist to visit the patient after the operation and check that the patient was not aware. Most patients who were not unduly disturbed by
443:
in hospitals have the oxygen regulator serving as a slave to the pressure in the nitrous oxide regulator, to enable the nitrous oxide cut-off safety feature. If nitrous oxide delivery suffers due to a leak in its regulator or tubing, an 'inadequate' mixture can be delivered to the patient, causing
362:
Human errors include repeated attempts at intubation during which the short-acting anesthetic may wear off but the paralyzing drug does not; esophageal intubation; inadequate drug dose; a drug given by the wrong route or a wrong drug given; drugs given in the wrong sequence; inadequate monitoring;
171:
Intraoperative awareness with explicit recall is an infrequent condition with potentially devastating psychological consequences. While it has gained popular recognition in media, research shows that it only occurs at an incidence rate of 0.1–0.2%. Patients report a variety of experiences, ranging
639:
The incidence of anesthesia awareness is variable; it seems to affect 0.2% to 0.4% of patients. This variation reflects the surgical setting as well as the physiological state of the patient; the incidence is 0.2% in general surgery, about 0.4% during caesarean section, between 1% and 2% during
551:
or conscious memory, which refers to the conscious recollection of previous experiences. An example of explicit memory is remembering what you did last weekend. When it comes to an anesthetized patient, a doctor may ask the patient after undergoing general anesthesia if he or she could remember
558:
memory or unconscious memory, which refers to the changes in performance or behavior that are produced by previous experiences but without any conscious recollection of those experiences. An example of this is a recognition test, where patients are asked to determine, after surgery, which of a
657:
One study has indicated that this phenomenon occurs in 0.13% of patients, or between 1 and 2 per 1000. There are conflicting data, however, as another study suggested it is a rarer phenomenon, with an incidence of 0.0068%, after review of data from a population of 211,842 patients.
698:
experienced anxiety during the period of awareness, but only one had stated feeling pain. Another three patients had less severe, transient mental symptoms, although they could cope with these in daily life. Two patients denied any lasting effects from their awareness episode.
505:
of local anesthesia along with sedation and analgesia. Awareness/wakefulness does not necessarily imply pain or discomfort. The aim of conscious sedation or MAC is to provide a safe and comfortable anesthetic while maintaining the patient's ability to follow commands.
316:
A fully paralyzed patient is unable to move, speak, blink the eyes, or otherwise respond to the pain. If neuromuscular blocking drugs are used, this causes skeletal muscle paralysis but does not interfere with cardiac or smooth muscle or the functioning of the
308:, the patient's muscles may be paralyzed in order to facilitate tracheal intubation or surgical exposure (abdominal and thoracic surgery can be performed only with adequate muscle relaxation). Because the patient cannot breathe for themselves,
573:
to the patient's upper arm before the administration of muscle relaxants, so that the forearm can still be moved consciously. The technique is considered a reference standard by which other means of monitoring consciousness can be assessed.
3384:
661:
Postoperative interview by an anesthetist is common practice to elucidate whether awareness occurred in the case. If awareness is reported, a case review is immediately performed to identify machine, medication, or operator error.
325:
are unaffected. The patient cannot signal distress and may not exhibit the signs of awareness that would be expected to be detectable by clinical vigilance, because other drugs used during anaesthesia may block or obtund these.
379:
in 2007 released a
Practice Advisory outlining the steps that anesthesia professionals and hospitals should take to minimize these risks. Other societies have released their own versions of these guidelines, including the
394:
Current research attributes the incidence of AAGA to a combination of the risks mentioned above, together with ineffective practice from ODPs, anesthetic nurses, HCAs and anesthetists. The main failures include:
536:
New research has been carried out to test what people can remember after a general anesthetic, in an effort to understand anesthesia awareness more clearly and help to protect patients from experiencing it. A
214:(PTSD) from the events experienced during surgery. Prompt diagnosis and referral to counseling and psychiatric treatment are crucial to the treatment of intraoperative awareness and the prevention of PTSD.
222:
Intraoperative awareness can present with a variety of signs and symptoms. A large proportion of patients report vague, dreamlike experiences, while others report specific intraoperative events, such as:
203:
or end-tidal anesthetic concentration (ETAC) may help to reduce the incidence of intraoperative awareness, although clinical trials have yet to show a decreased incidence of AAGA with the BIS monitor.
160:
during their surgical procedures. While anesthesia awareness is possible without resulting in any long-term memory of the experience, it is also possible for victims to have awareness with explicit
576:
Because the medical staff may not know if a person is unconscious or not, it has been suggested that the staff maintain the professional conduct that would be appropriate for a conscious patient.
623:
receptor antagonists) differs from that of more conventional agents, and they suppress cortical EEG activity less. Third, they are prone to interference from other biological potentials (such as
3430:
451:) or a malfunctioning intravenous pump or disconnection of its delivery tubing. Patient abandonment (when the anesthesiologist is no longer present) causes some cases of awareness and death.
501:
and monitored anesthesia care (MAC) refer to an awareness somewhere in the middle of the spectrum, depending on the degree to which a patient is sedated. Monitored anesthesia care involves
2187:
Goldmann L, Shah MV, Hebden MW (June 1987). "Memory of cardiac anaesthesia. Psychological sequelae in cardiac patients of intra-operative suggestion and operating room conversation".
1915:"The effects of propofol, small-dose isoflurane, and nitrous oxide on cortical somatosensory evoked potential and bispectral index monitoring in adolescents undergoing spinal fusion"
1138:
330:
not imply full awareness but is a sign that the anesthesia is light. Even without the use of neuromuscular blocking drugs the absence of movement does not necessarily imply amnesia.
552:
hearing any distinct sounds or words while under anesthesia. This approach is called a "recall test" because patients are asked to recall any memories they had during surgery.
3420:
387:
To reduce the likelihood of awareness, anesthetists must be adequately trained, and supervised while still in training. Equipment that monitors depth of anesthesia, such as
467:. Some patients may be more resistant to the effects of anesthetics than others; factors such as younger age, obesity, tobacco smoking, or long-term use of certain drugs (
3231:
172:
from vague, dreamlike states to being fully awake, immobilized, and in pain from the surgery. Intraoperative awareness is usually caused by the delivery of inadequate
3435:
3465:
670:
Patients who experience full awareness with explicit recall may have suffered an enormous trauma due to the extreme pain of surgery. Some patients experience
283:. PTSD is characterized by recurrent anxiety, irritability, flashbacks or nightmares, avoidance of triggers related to the trauma, and sleep disturbances.
2684:
528:
and are told they will be asleep, although in fact they are getting a sedation that may allow some level of awareness as opposed to a general anesthetic.
509:
Under certain circumstances, a general anesthetic, whereby the patient is completely unconscious, may be unnecessary or undesirable. For instance, with a
3450:
873:
Almeida D (December 2015). "Awake and unable to move: what can perioperative practitioners do to avoid accidental awareness under general anaesthesia?".
381:
2690:
46:
1366:
1284:
296:
The biggest risk factor is anesthesia performed by unsupervised trainees and the use of a medication that induces muscle paralysis, such as
3112:
2144:
Dowd NP, Cheng DC, Karski JM, Wong DT, Munro JA, Sandler AN (November 1998). "Intraoperative awareness in fast-track cardiac anesthesia".
1340:
740:", "State of Love and Trust," involves a patient waking up during removal of an abdominal tumor, and retaining full memory of the event.
3415:
3460:
3067:
2983:
199:
under anesthesia is unknown, although there are many working hypotheses. However, intraoperative monitoring of anesthetic level with
2812:
107:
427:
Rushing caused by organizational or individual circumstances (often associated with staff shortage and stressful work environment)
3445:
79:
619:, may produce anesthesia without reducing the value of the depth monitor. This is because the molecular action of these agents (
3363:
1828:
Gajwani P, Muzina D, Gao K, Calabrese JR (June 2006). "Awareness under anesthesia during electroconvulsive therapy treatment".
1251:
Butterworth JF, Mackey DC, Wasnick JD, Morgan G, Edward M, Maged S, Morgan GE (2018). "Chapter 54: Anesthetic
Complications".
3425:
1500:
1350:
981:"VA/Department of Defense Clinical Practice Guideline for PTSD and ASD: A Tool to Optimize Patient Care for Trauma Survivors"
963:
837:"VA/Department of Defense Clinical Practice Guideline for PTSD and ASD: A Tool to Optimize Patient Care for Trauma Survivors"
376:
17:
86:
2739:
2322:
Sandin RH, Enlund G, Samuelsson P, Lennmarken C (February 2000). "Awareness during anaesthesia: a prospective case study".
1159:
Sandin RH, Enlund G, Samuelsson P, Lennmarken C (February 2000). "Awareness during anaesthesia: a prospective case study".
654:
are used. This is because without relaxant the patient will move and the anesthesiologist will then deepen the anesthesia.
2661:
3455:
3266:
3031:
2849:
2230:
Liu WH, Thorp TA, Graham SG, Aitkenhead AR (June 1991). "Incidence of awareness with recall during general anaesthesia".
497:
There are various levels of consciousness. Full wakefulness and general anesthesia are the two extremes of the spectrum.
2559:
3343:
3142:
93:
3353:
3261:
2776:
1260:
1111:
1026:
498:
492:
65:
3216:
2894:
1516:
Lekprasert V (June 2008). "PreAnesthetic
Assessment of the Patient Who Reports Previous Intraoperative Awareness".
3394:
3348:
3170:
2864:
75:
3519:
3440:
3399:
3046:
671:
418:
211:
2702:
1865:"Bispectral index monitoring to prevent awareness during anaesthesia: the B-Aware randomised controlled trial"
1204:"Awareness during anesthesia: risk factors, causes and sequelae: a review of reported cases in the literature"
3389:
3282:
2901:
2795:
1864:
733:
a woman, Rhea
Reynolds, experiences anesthesia awareness while having surgery to repair scarring on her face.
280:
2937:
206:
There are also many preventative techniques considered for high-risk patients, such as pre-medicating with
2646:
1017:
Longnecker DE, Newman MF, Mackey S, Sandberg WS, Zapol WM (2018). "Chapter 34: Inhalational
Anesthetics".
3287:
2952:
651:
268:
177:
1370:
483:. Marked anxiety prior to the surgery can increase the amount of anesthesia required to prevent recall.
421:
of inhaled anaesthetic required to prevent movement in 50% of patients in response to surgical incision)
3333:
3195:
3107:
980:
836:
363:
patient abandonment; disconnections and kinks in tubes from the ventilator; and failure to refill the
3241:
2947:
54:
3302:
3256:
3122:
3013:
2993:
2732:
318:
1102:
Mulaikal TA, Sansan SL, Atchabahian A, Gupta R (2013). "Chapter 62. Postoperative
Complications".
584:
Recent advances have led to the manufacture of monitors of awareness. Typically these monitor the
100:
3483:
3307:
3297:
3251:
2942:
2932:
2854:
2817:
2586:
Lennmarken C, Bildfors K, Enlund G, Samuelsson P, Sandin R (March 2002). "Victims of awareness".
643:
The quoted incidences are controversial as many cases of "awareness" are open to interpretation.
50:
2097:"Detecting awareness during general anaesthetic caesarean section. An evaluation of two methods"
3358:
3246:
683:
585:
309:
301:
297:
611:
None of these systems are perfect. For example, they are unreliable at extremes of age (e.g.,
61:
3493:
3180:
2869:
2834:
1707:"Comparison of wakefulness with two anaesthetic regimens. Total i.v. v. balanced anaesthesia"
748:
368:
2599:
2460:
Sebel PS, Bowdle TA, Ghoneim MM, Rampil IJ, Padilla RE, Gan TJ, Domino KB (September 2004).
2368:
Sebel PS, Bowdle TA, Ghoneim MM, Rampil IJ, Padilla RE, Gan TJ, Domino KB (September 2004).
2011:
Sebel PS, Bowdle TA, Ghoneim MM, Rampil IJ, Padilla RE, Gan TJ, Domino KB (September 2004).
1913:
Clapcich AJ, Emerson RG, Roye DP, Xie H, Gallo EJ, Dowling KC, et al. (November 2004).
1491:
Morgan GE, Mikhail MS, Murray MJ, Kleinman W, Nitti GJ, Nitti JT, et al. (2005-08-26).
3292:
3226:
3155:
3132:
3036:
1544:
1391:
Liem EB, Lin CM, Suleman MI, Doufas AG, Gregg RG, Veauthier JM, et al. (August 2004).
8:
3524:
3514:
3150:
3008:
2998:
2889:
2879:
2844:
2839:
2783:
2766:
2725:
2712:
2708:
440:
402:
Termination of anesthesia too soon before surgery has finished, due to poor communication
372:
234:
153:
1548:
3236:
3092:
2962:
2874:
2859:
2822:
2807:
2800:
2611:
2540:
2491:
2478:
2461:
2442:
2399:
2386:
2369:
2347:
2304:
2291:
2274:
2255:
2243:
2212:
2200:
2169:
2126:
2113:
2096:
2042:
2029:
2012:
1988:
1963:
1939:
1930:
1914:
1895:
1682:
1657:
1565:
1532:
1468:
1441:
1417:
1392:
1278:
1233:
1184:
1076:
1051:
898:
601:
439:
Machine malfunction or misuse may result in an inadequate delivery of anesthetic. Many
364:
305:
2335:
1883:
1316:
1299:
1172:
3338:
3165:
3160:
3051:
2978:
2884:
2603:
2532:
2527:
2510:
2483:
2446:
2434:
2391:
2339:
2296:
2247:
2204:
2161:
2157:
2118:
2077:
2073:
2034:
1993:
1962:
Messina AG, Wang M, Ward MJ, Wilker CC, Smith BB, Vezina DP, Pace NL (October 2016).
1944:
1887:
1845:
1841:
1810:
1769:
1728:
1687:
1638:
1633:
1616:
1597:
1570:
1496:
1473:
1422:
1408:
1346:
1321:
1266:
1256:
1225:
1176:
1117:
1107:
1081:
1032:
1022:
996:
992:
959:
936:
932:
890:
852:
848:
817:
737:
708:
605:
510:
339:
185:
176:
relative to the patient's requirements. Risk factors can be anesthetic (e.g., use of
2615:
2351:
2308:
2259:
2216:
2173:
2130:
1748:"Conscious awareness during general anaesthesia--what are we attempting to monitor?"
1237:
1188:
3328:
3117:
3077:
2790:
2653:
2595:
2564:
2544:
2522:
2495:
2473:
2426:
2403:
2381:
2331:
2286:
2239:
2196:
2153:
2108:
2069:
2046:
2024:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1934:
1926:
1899:
1879:
1837:
1800:
1759:
1718:
1677:
1669:
1628:
1560:
1552:
1463:
1453:
1412:
1404:
1311:
1215:
1168:
1071:
1063:
988:
928:
916:
902:
882:
844:
807:
760:
753:
647:
624:
597:
388:
200:
2511:"Intraoperative awareness in a regional medical system: a review of 3 years' data"
3082:
2957:
2917:
2462:"The incidence of awareness during anesthesia: a multicenter United States study"
2370:"The incidence of awareness during anesthesia: a multicenter United States study"
2013:"The incidence of awareness during anesthesia: a multicenter United States study"
1220:
1203:
608:, and several other systems such as the SNAP monitor and the Narcotrend monitor.
589:
541:
is not one simple entity; it is a system of many intricate details and networks.
347:
272:
189:
181:
161:
2717:
180:, use of intravenous anesthetics, technical/mechanical errors), surgical (e.g.,
3190:
3185:
3097:
2752:
886:
628:
502:
468:
460:
207:
1673:
1270:
1067:
304:) or non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs (muscle relaxants). During
3508:
3312:
3200:
3102:
2927:
1458:
1121:
1036:
1000:
940:
856:
774:
616:
445:
157:
2654:"Return (2007) – 리턴 @ HanCinema :: The Korean Movie and Drama Database"
1556:
777:, an American activist who experienced intraoperative awareness with recall.
3175:
3003:
2988:
2607:
2536:
2487:
2438:
2395:
2343:
2038:
1997:
1948:
1891:
1849:
1814:
1764:
1747:
1723:
1706:
1642:
1601:
1574:
1477:
1426:
1229:
1180:
1085:
894:
821:
679:
592:, which is active when awake but quiescent under anesthesia (or in natural
448:
411:
Failure to fill vaporizers (which is the cause of 19% of the cases of AAGA)
2300:
2251:
2208:
2165:
2122:
2081:
1773:
1732:
1325:
3379:
3087:
3041:
2829:
2430:
1805:
1788:
1691:
812:
795:
525:
476:
351:
343:
1658:"Detecting wakefulness during general anaesthesia for caesarean section"
188:), or patient-related (e.g., reduced cardiovascular reserve, history of
3127:
2922:
2748:
2629:
764:
694:. Some cases of awareness alert the patient to intra-operative errors.
464:
173:
64:
if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and
2060:
Bogetz MS, Katz JA (July 1984). "Recall of surgery for major trauma".
1964:"Anaesthetic interventions for prevention of awareness during surgery"
321:, so heart rate, blood pressure, intestinal peristalsis, sweating and
675:
3072:
2771:
768:
729:
687:
480:
399:
Inattention or judgment errors related to drugs and volatile agents
2585:
615:, infants or the very elderly). Secondly, certain agents, such as
247:
Intraoperative signs that may indicate patient awareness include:
2419:
Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin, Notfallmedizin, Schmerztherapie
1588:
Sandin R (2006). "Outcome after awareness with explicit recall".
954:
Butterworth, John F.; Mackey, David C.; Wasnick, John D. (2022).
691:
612:
276:
2321:
1158:
1345:(3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 57.
1300:"Awareness during anesthesia and posttraumatic stress disorder"
1202:
Ghoneim MM, Block RI, Haffarnan M, Mathews MJ (February 2009).
796:"Intraoperative awareness: controversies and non-controversies"
538:
521:
472:
196:
164:, where they can remember the events related to their surgery (
3421:
American
Society of Anesthesia Technologists & Technicians
1250:
1101:
1016:
979:
Schnurr, Paula P.; Sall, James A.; Riggs, David (2024-05-29).
835:
Schnurr, Paula P.; Sall, James A.; Riggs, David (2024-05-29).
520:
Some patients undergo sedation for smaller procedures such as
2685:
American
Association of Nurse Anesthetists Awareness Brochure
593:
322:
1863:
Myles PS, Leslie K, McNeil J, Forbes A, Chan MT (May 2004).
1201:
243:
feeling anxiety, helplessness, or an impending sense of doom
2509:
Pollard RJ, Coyle JP, Gilbert RL, Beck JE (February 2007).
1490:
646:
The incidence is higher and has more serious sequelae when
620:
544:
Memory is currently classified under two main subsections.
414:
Under-dosing of induction agent during difficult intubation
3385:
Helsinki
Declaration for Patient Safety in Anaesthesiology
3232:
Effects of early-life exposures to anesthesia on the brain
718:, an award-winning horror film about anesthesia awareness.
354:) but permitting "awareness" in the anesthetized subject.
3436:
Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland
1827:
2696:
2693:
at aana.com (American Association of Nurse Anesthetists)
2459:
2367:
2229:
2010:
953:
405:
Lack of understanding of offset times of volatile agents
2508:
1862:
3466:
European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care
2622:
1912:
1338:
921:
International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance
674:(PTSD), leading to long-lasting after-effects such as
2703:
Resource for Student & Working Nurse Anesthetists
1961:
724:, a Korean thriller movie about anesthesia awareness.
517:
amnesia, depending on the amount of anesthetic used.
463:, or a tolerance induced by the interaction of other
227:
hearing noises or conversations in the operating room
1390:
1297:
291:
3451:
Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists
2143:
382:
Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists
263:
intravenous anesthesia line infiltrated or occluded
2186:
1530:
1359:
1049:
588:, which represents the electrical activity of the
195:Currently, the mechanism behind consciousness and
2747:
1393:"Anesthetic requirement is increased in redheads"
1021:(3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
3506:
2095:Bogod DG, Orton JK, Yau HM, Oh TE (April 1990).
1531:Alkire MT, Hudetz AG, Tononi G (November 2008).
1446:Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology
1139:"Unintended Awareness during General Anesthesia"
978:
834:
767:, the patient experienced full awareness during
752:– the patient experienced full awareness during
2094:
1298:Osterman JE, van der Kolk BA (September 1998).
2272:
1253:Morgan & Mikhail's Clinical Anesthesiology
956:Morgan & Mikhail's Clinical Anesthesiology
743:Under: a 2006 film about anesthetic awareness.
430:Distractions caused by another member of staff
146:accidental awareness during general anesthesia
60:Please review the contents of the article and
2733:
2363:
2361:
793:
391:monitoring, should not be used in isolation.
267:Patients under anesthesia are paralyzed if a
166:intraoperative awareness with explicit recall
3113:Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring
2502:
2410:
1821:
1608:
1581:
1433:
2266:
1968:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1789:"The remarkable memory effects of propofol"
1745:
1339:Lobato EB, Gravenstein N, Kirby RR (2007).
958:(7th ed.). McGraw Hill. p. 1268.
627:), or external electrical signals (such as
408:Backflow of induction agent up a giving set
3416:American Association of Nurse Anesthetists
2740:
2726:
2560:"Lawsuit: Wide-Awake Surgery Led to Death"
2358:
2059:
1515:
1283:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1146:American Association of Nurse Anesthetists
192:, history of awareness under anesthesia).
3461:International Anesthesia Research Society
3068:ASA physical status classification system
2526:
2477:
2416:
2385:
2290:
2112:
2028:
1987:
1938:
1804:
1763:
1722:
1681:
1632:
1564:
1467:
1457:
1416:
1315:
1219:
1075:
1050:Bischoff P, Rundshagen I (January 2011).
811:
712:, a 2007 film about anesthetic awareness.
357:
2813:Combined spinal and epidural anaesthesia
2709:Resource for Physiology and Pharmacology
1655:
1442:"Monitored anesthesia care: An overview"
1439:
156:where patients regain varying levels of
3446:Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists
2600:10.1034/j.1399-6576.2002.t01-1-460301.x
1786:
1704:
1614:
872:
27:Rare complication of general anesthesia
14:
3507:
1587:
701:
459:Very rare causes of awareness include
3426:American Society of Anesthesiologists
2721:
2697:American Society of Anesthesiologists
2557:
2273:Lyons G, Macdonald R (January 1991).
1133:
1131:
486:
454:
377:American Society of Anesthesiologists
281:post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
217:
3431:Anaesthesia Trauma and Critical Care
2664:from the original on 14 October 2007
2275:"Awareness during caesarean section"
1520:. www.AnesthesiologyNews.com: 35–38.
1097:
1095:
1052:"Awareness under general anesthesia"
1012:
1010:
868:
866:
434:
230:remembering details of the operation
29:
3456:Australian Society of Anaesthetists
3364:Physicians' assistant (anaesthesia)
3267:Postoperative residual curarization
2588:Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica
794:Mashour GA, Avidan MS (July 2015).
333:
240:having weakness or muscle paralysis
24:
3344:Operating department practitioners
2479:10.1213/01.ANE.0000130261.90896.6C
2387:10.1213/01.ANE.0000130261.90896.6C
2292:10.1111/j.1365-2044.1991.tb09321.x
2244:10.1111/j.1365-2044.1991.tb11677.x
2201:10.1111/j.1365-2044.1987.tb03082.x
2114:10.1111/j.1365-2044.1990.tb14732.x
2030:10.1213/01.ane.0000130261.90896.6c
1931:10.1213/01.ANE.0000134807.73615.5C
1128:
1056:Deutsches Ärzteblatt International
346:patients or patients with minimal
251:hypertension (high blood pressure)
25:
3536:
3354:Certified anesthesia technologist
3262:Postoperative nausea and vomiting
2777:Procedural sedation and analgesia
2678:
2417:Schneider G (February 2003). "".
1925:(5): 1334–40, table of contents.
1106:. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.
1092:
1007:
917:"Essentials of Trauma Anesthesia"
875:Journal of Perioperative Practice
863:
493:Procedural sedation and analgesia
292:Paralytic and muscle relaxant use
3488:
3479:
3478:
2895:Transverse abdominis plane block
2528:10.1097/00000542-200702000-00014
2158:10.1097/00000542-199811000-00006
2074:10.1097/00000542-198461010-00003
1842:10.1097/00124509-200606000-00018
1746:Jessop J, Jones JG (June 1991).
1634:10.1097/00000542-200002000-00043
1409:10.1097/00000542-200408000-00006
993:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.1238
933:10.1108/ijhcqa.2013.06226caa.015
849:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.1238
338:For certain operations, such as
126:
34:
3489:
3395:History of neuraxial anesthesia
3349:Certified anesthesia technician
3171:Double-lumen endobronchial tube
3032:Blood–gas partition coefficient
2865:Intravenous regional anesthesia
2691:Anesthetic Awareness Fact Sheet
2579:
2551:
2472:(3): 833–9, table of contents.
2453:
2380:(3): 833–9, table of contents.
2315:
2223:
2180:
2137:
2088:
2053:
2023:(3): 833–9, table of contents.
2004:
1955:
1906:
1856:
1780:
1739:
1698:
1649:
1524:
1509:
1484:
1384:
1342:Complications in anesthesiology
1332:
1291:
1244:
1195:
1152:
3441:Royal College of Anaesthetists
3400:History of tracheal intubation
3047:Minimum alveolar concentration
2984:Anesthesia provision in the US
1980:10.1002/14651858.cd007272.pub2
1793:British Journal of Anaesthesia
1752:British Journal of Anaesthesia
1711:British Journal of Anaesthesia
1590:Acta Anaesthesiologica Belgica
1533:"Consciousness and anesthesia"
1043:
972:
947:
909:
828:
800:British Journal of Anaesthesia
787:
672:post-traumatic stress disorder
419:minimum alveolar concentration
212:post-traumatic stress disorder
62:add the appropriate references
13:
1:
3390:History of general anesthesia
2902:Total intravenous anaesthesia
2850:Inferior alveolar nerve block
2796:Continuous wound infiltration
2336:10.1016/s0140-6736(99)11010-9
2152:(5): 1068–73, discussion 9A.
1884:10.1016/s0140-6736(04)16300-9
1705:Russell IF (September 1986).
1617:"Awareness during anesthesia"
1495:. Mc Graw Hill. p. 291.
1317:10.1016/S0163-8343(98)00035-8
1173:10.1016/S0140-6736(99)11010-9
781:
567:
254:tachycardia (high heart rate)
233:sensing pain associated with
152:), is a rare complication of
2953:Neuromuscular-blocking drugs
1615:Ghoneim MM (February 2000).
1221:10.1213/ane.0b013e318193c634
652:neuromuscular-blocking drugs
634:
178:neuromuscular blockade drugs
7:
3288:Critical emergency medicine
1304:General Hospital Psychiatry
736:A sixth-season episode of "
665:
579:
269:neuromuscular blockade drug
47:reliable medical references
10:
3541:
3334:Anesthesiologist assistant
3196:Relative analgesia machine
2558:Breen T (April 10, 2007).
1255:(6th ed.). New York.
887:10.1177/175045891502501202
490:
138:Awareness under anesthesia
3474:
3408:
3372:
3321:
3275:
3242:Local anesthetic toxicity
3209:
3141:
3060:
3024:
2971:
2910:
2759:
1787:Veselis RA (March 2006).
1674:10.1136/bmj.1.6072.1321-a
1068:10.3238/arztebl.2011.0001
763:, a New Zealand hospital
690:, and in some cases even
531:
286:
53:or relies too heavily on
3257:Postanesthetic shivering
3123:Neuromuscular monitoring
3014:Rapid sequence induction
2943:Inhalational anesthetics
2466:Anesthesia and Analgesia
2374:Anesthesia and Analgesia
2017:Anesthesia and Analgesia
1919:Anesthesia and Analgesia
1656:Tunstall ME (May 1977).
1459:10.4103/0970-9185.150525
1208:Anesthesia and Analgesia
417:Failure to monitor MAC (
319:autonomic nervous system
142:intraoperative awareness
3308:Oral sedation dentistry
3298:Intensive care medicine
3252:Perioperative mortality
3108:Guedel's classification
2855:Intercostal nerve block
2705:at nurse-anesthesia.org
1662:British Medical Journal
1557:10.1126/science.1149213
1493:Clinical Anesthesiology
1440:Das S, Ghosh S (2015).
3359:Anaesthetic technician
3247:Malignant hyperthermia
358:Anesthesiologist error
310:mechanical ventilation
201:bispectral index (BIS)
140:, also referred to as
76:"Anesthesia awareness"
3520:Medical controversies
3181:Laryngeal mask airway
3025:Scientific principles
2994:Dogliotti's principle
2870:Occipital nerve block
2835:Brachial plexus block
746:2014 Bollywood movie
18:Anaesthesia awareness
3227:Drug-induced amnesia
3222:Anesthesia awareness
3156:Anesthetic vaporizer
3133:Thyromental distance
3037:Concentration effect
2911:Pharmacologic agents
2880:Pudendal nerve block
2431:10.1055/s-2003-36993
1765:10.1093/bja/66.6.635
1724:10.1093/bja/58.9.965
1104:The Anesthesia Guide
806:(Suppl 1): i20–i26.
184:, trauma/emergency,
3151:Anaesthetic machine
3009:Tracheal intubation
2999:Intravenous therapy
2938:General anesthetics
2890:Sciatic nerve block
2845:Femoral nerve block
2840:Fascia iliaca block
2818:Epidural anesthesia
2784:Twilight anesthesia
2713:Stanford University
2630:"Anesthesia (2006)"
1549:2008Sci...322..876A
1518:Anesthesiology News
702:Society and culture
373:volatile anesthetic
3237:Emergence delirium
3217:Allergic reactions
3093:Entropy monitoring
2875:Paracervical block
2860:Interpleural block
2823:Spinal anaesthesia
2808:Neuraxial blockade
2568:. CHARLESTON, W.Va
1830:The Journal of ECT
1806:10.1093/bja/ael016
813:10.1093/bja/aev034
602:entropy monitoring
511:caesarean delivery
499:Conscious sedation
487:Conscious sedation
455:Patient physiology
365:anesthetic machine
306:general anesthesia
218:Signs and symptoms
154:general anesthesia
3502:
3501:
3339:Nurse anesthetist
3166:Bronchial blocker
3161:Arterial catheter
3052:Second gas effect
2979:Airway management
2948:Local anesthetics
2885:Retrobulbar block
1878:(9423): 1757–63.
1502:978-0-07-142358-8
1352:978-0-7817-8263-0
965:978-1-260-47379-7
927:(3). 2013-01-01.
727:In an episode of
606:evoked potentials
435:Equipment failure
340:caesarean section
135:
134:
111:
16:(Redirected from
3532:
3492:
3491:
3482:
3481:
3329:Anesthesiologist
3118:Mallampati score
3078:Bispectral index
2918:Anticholinergics
2742:
2735:
2728:
2719:
2718:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2650:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2640:
2626:
2620:
2619:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2573:
2565:Fox News Channel
2555:
2549:
2548:
2530:
2506:
2500:
2499:
2481:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2389:
2365:
2356:
2355:
2330:(9205): 707–11.
2319:
2313:
2312:
2294:
2270:
2264:
2263:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2116:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2032:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1991:
1974:(10): CD007272.
1959:
1953:
1952:
1942:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1869:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1808:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1767:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1726:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1685:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1636:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1568:
1543:(5903): 876–80.
1528:
1522:
1521:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1471:
1461:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1420:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1378:
1369:. Archived from
1363:
1357:
1356:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1319:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1282:
1274:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1223:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1167:(9205): 707–11.
1156:
1150:
1149:
1148:. November 2016.
1143:
1135:
1126:
1125:
1099:
1090:
1089:
1079:
1047:
1041:
1040:
1014:
1005:
1004:
976:
970:
969:
951:
945:
944:
913:
907:
906:
870:
861:
860:
832:
826:
825:
815:
791:
761:Shortland Street
759:2016 episode of
754:heart transplant
648:muscle relaxants
598:bispectral index
441:Boyle's machines
389:bispectral index
334:Light anesthesia
257:patient movement
130:
129:
121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
38:
37:
30:
21:
3540:
3539:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3530:
3529:
3505:
3504:
3503:
3498:
3470:
3404:
3368:
3317:
3271:
3205:
3137:
3083:Body mass index
3056:
3020:
2967:
2933:Benzodiazepines
2906:
2755:
2746:
2681:
2676:
2667:
2665:
2652:
2651:
2647:
2638:
2636:
2628:
2627:
2623:
2584:
2580:
2571:
2569:
2556:
2552:
2507:
2503:
2458:
2454:
2415:
2411:
2366:
2359:
2320:
2316:
2271:
2267:
2228:
2224:
2185:
2181:
2142:
2138:
2093:
2089:
2058:
2054:
2009:
2005:
1960:
1956:
1911:
1907:
1867:
1861:
1857:
1826:
1822:
1785:
1781:
1744:
1740:
1703:
1699:
1654:
1650:
1613:
1609:
1586:
1582:
1529:
1525:
1514:
1510:
1503:
1489:
1485:
1438:
1434:
1389:
1385:
1376:
1374:
1367:"ANZCA – ANZCA"
1365:
1364:
1360:
1353:
1337:
1333:
1296:
1292:
1276:
1275:
1263:
1249:
1245:
1200:
1196:
1157:
1153:
1141:
1137:
1136:
1129:
1114:
1100:
1093:
1048:
1044:
1029:
1015:
1008:
985:JAMA Psychiatry
977:
973:
966:
952:
948:
915:
914:
910:
871:
864:
841:JAMA Psychiatry
833:
829:
792:
788:
784:
704:
668:
637:
590:cerebral cortex
582:
570:
534:
495:
489:
457:
437:
360:
348:cardiac reserve
336:
302:succinylcholine
294:
289:
273:muscle relaxant
220:
208:benzodiazepines
182:cardiac surgery
131:
127:
122:
116:
113:
70:
59:
55:primary sources
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3538:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3496:
3486:
3475:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3412:
3410:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3376:
3374:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3283:Cardiothoracic
3279:
3277:
3276:Subspecialties
3273:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3213:
3211:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3191:Magill forceps
3188:
3186:Laryngeal tube
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3147:
3145:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3098:Fick principle
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3064:
3062:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3028:
3026:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2975:
2973:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2928:Butyrophenones
2925:
2920:
2914:
2912:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2898:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2827:
2826:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2798:
2788:
2787:
2786:
2781:
2780:
2779:
2763:
2761:
2757:
2756:
2753:anesthesiology
2745:
2744:
2737:
2730:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2706:
2700:
2694:
2688:
2680:
2679:External links
2677:
2675:
2674:
2645:
2621:
2578:
2550:
2515:Anesthesiology
2501:
2452:
2409:
2357:
2314:
2265:
2222:
2195:(6): 596–603.
2179:
2146:Anesthesiology
2136:
2087:
2062:Anesthesiology
2052:
2003:
1954:
1905:
1855:
1820:
1779:
1738:
1697:
1668:(6072): 1321.
1648:
1627:(2): 597–602.
1621:Anesthesiology
1607:
1580:
1523:
1508:
1501:
1483:
1432:
1397:Anesthesiology
1383:
1358:
1351:
1331:
1290:
1261:
1243:
1194:
1151:
1127:
1112:
1091:
1042:
1027:
1019:Anesthesiology
1006:
971:
964:
946:
908:
881:(12): 257–61.
862:
827:
785:
783:
780:
779:
778:
772:
757:
744:
741:
738:Grey's Anatomy
734:
725:
719:
713:
703:
700:
667:
664:
636:
633:
629:electrosurgery
581:
578:
569:
566:
561:
560:
553:
533:
530:
488:
485:
461:drug tolerance
456:
453:
436:
433:
432:
431:
428:
425:
422:
415:
412:
409:
406:
403:
400:
359:
356:
335:
332:
293:
290:
288:
285:
265:
264:
261:
258:
255:
252:
245:
244:
241:
238:
231:
228:
219:
216:
133:
132:
125:
123:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3537:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3495:
3487:
3485:
3477:
3476:
3473:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3409:Organizations
3407:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3371:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3320:
3314:
3313:Pain medicine
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3274:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3210:Complications
3208:
3202:
3201:Tracheal tube
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3140:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3103:Goldman index
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3059:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3023:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2909:
2903:
2900:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2831:
2828:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2806:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2789:
2785:
2782:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2743:
2738:
2736:
2731:
2729:
2724:
2723:
2720:
2714:
2710:
2707:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2649:
2635:
2631:
2625:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2594:(3): 229–31.
2593:
2589:
2582:
2567:
2566:
2561:
2554:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2521:(2): 269–74.
2520:
2516:
2512:
2505:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2456:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2421:(in German).
2420:
2413:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2364:
2362:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2318:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2269:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2226:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2183:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2140:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2107:(4): 279–84.
2106:
2102:
2098:
2091:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2056:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2007:
1999:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1958:
1950:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1909:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1866:
1859:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1824:
1816:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1799:(3): 289–91.
1798:
1794:
1790:
1783:
1775:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1742:
1734:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1701:
1693:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1652:
1644:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1611:
1603:
1599:
1596:(4): 429–32.
1595:
1591:
1584:
1576:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1527:
1519:
1512:
1504:
1498:
1494:
1487:
1479:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1436:
1428:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1403:(2): 279–83.
1402:
1398:
1394:
1387:
1373:on 2007-10-14
1372:
1368:
1362:
1354:
1348:
1344:
1343:
1335:
1327:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1310:(5): 274–81.
1309:
1305:
1301:
1294:
1286:
1280:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1262:9781259834424
1258:
1254:
1247:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1214:(2): 527–35.
1213:
1209:
1205:
1198:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1155:
1147:
1140:
1134:
1132:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1113:9780071760492
1109:
1105:
1098:
1096:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1046:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1028:9780071848817
1024:
1020:
1013:
1011:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
975:
967:
961:
957:
950:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
912:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
869:
867:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
831:
823:
819:
814:
809:
805:
801:
797:
790:
786:
776:
775:Carol Weihrer
773:
770:
766:
762:
758:
755:
751:
750:
745:
742:
739:
735:
732:
731:
726:
723:
720:
717:
714:
711:
710:
706:
705:
699:
695:
693:
689:
685:
681:
680:night terrors
677:
673:
663:
659:
655:
653:
649:
644:
641:
632:
630:
626:
622:
618:
617:nitrous oxide
614:
609:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
577:
574:
565:
557:
554:
550:
547:
546:
545:
542:
540:
529:
527:
526:colonoscopies
523:
518:
514:
512:
507:
504:
500:
494:
484:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
452:
450:
447:
446:nitrous oxide
442:
429:
426:
424:Syringe swaps
423:
420:
416:
413:
410:
407:
404:
401:
398:
397:
396:
392:
390:
385:
383:
378:
374:
370:
366:
355:
353:
349:
345:
341:
331:
327:
324:
320:
314:
311:
307:
303:
299:
298:suxamethonium
284:
282:
278:
274:
270:
262:
259:
256:
253:
250:
249:
248:
242:
239:
236:
232:
229:
226:
225:
224:
215:
213:
209:
204:
202:
198:
193:
191:
190:substance use
187:
183:
179:
175:
169:
167:
163:
159:
158:consciousness
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
124:
120:
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
67:
63:
57:
56:
52:
48:
43:This article
41:
32:
31:
19:
3221:
3176:Gas cylinder
3061:Measurements
3004:Laryngoscopy
2989:Bronchoscopy
2699:at asahq.org
2666:. Retrieved
2657:
2648:
2637:. Retrieved
2633:
2624:
2591:
2587:
2581:
2570:. Retrieved
2563:
2553:
2518:
2514:
2504:
2469:
2465:
2455:
2425:(2): 75–84.
2422:
2418:
2412:
2377:
2373:
2327:
2323:
2317:
2282:
2278:
2268:
2238:(6): 435–7.
2235:
2231:
2225:
2192:
2188:
2182:
2149:
2145:
2139:
2104:
2100:
2090:
2065:
2061:
2055:
2020:
2016:
2006:
1971:
1967:
1957:
1922:
1918:
1908:
1875:
1871:
1858:
1836:(2): 158–9.
1833:
1829:
1823:
1796:
1792:
1782:
1758:(6): 635–7.
1755:
1751:
1741:
1717:(9): 965–8.
1714:
1710:
1700:
1665:
1661:
1651:
1624:
1620:
1610:
1593:
1589:
1583:
1540:
1536:
1526:
1517:
1511:
1492:
1486:
1449:
1445:
1435:
1400:
1396:
1386:
1375:. Retrieved
1371:the original
1361:
1341:
1334:
1307:
1303:
1293:
1252:
1246:
1211:
1207:
1197:
1164:
1160:
1154:
1145:
1103:
1062:(1–2): 1–7.
1059:
1055:
1045:
1018:
984:
974:
955:
949:
924:
920:
911:
878:
874:
840:
830:
803:
799:
789:
747:
728:
721:
715:
707:
696:
669:
660:
656:
645:
642:
638:
610:
583:
575:
571:
562:
555:
548:
543:
535:
519:
515:
508:
496:
477:amphetamines
458:
438:
393:
386:
361:
337:
328:
315:
295:
271:, a type of
266:
246:
221:
205:
194:
170:
165:
149:
145:
141:
137:
136:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
51:verification
44:
3380:ACE mixture
3322:Professions
3143:Instruments
3088:Capnography
3042:Fink effect
2923:Antiemetics
2830:Nerve block
2687:at aana.com
2285:(1): 62–4.
2279:Anaesthesia
2232:Anaesthesia
2189:Anaesthesia
2101:Anaesthesia
1452:(1): 27–9.
604:, auditory
600:(BIS), EEG
352:hypotension
344:hypovolemic
323:lacrimation
174:anesthetics
45:needs more
3525:Perception
3515:Anesthesia
3509:Categories
3128:Pain scale
2972:Techniques
2749:Anesthesia
2668:2007-11-26
2639:2007-11-26
2572:2009-09-04
2068:(1): 6–9.
1377:2007-11-26
1271:1039081701
782:References
765:soap opera
716:Anesthesia
684:flashbacks
676:nightmares
568:Prevention
491:See also:
369:vaporizers
237:or surgery
235:intubation
186:C-sections
117:April 2014
87:newspapers
3303:Obstetric
3293:Geriatric
2963:Sedatives
2658:HanCinema
2447:259981791
1279:cite book
1122:793006233
1037:957077529
1001:2168-622X
941:0952-6862
857:2168-622X
749:Heartless
635:Incidence
503:titration
260:tachypnea
3484:Category
3073:Baricity
2772:Sedation
2662:Archived
2616:19464947
2608:11939910
2537:17264720
2488:15333419
2439:12557119
2396:15333419
2352:11170260
2344:10703802
2309:45800761
2260:40244356
2217:35320774
2174:24961481
2131:58254125
2039:15333419
1998:27755648
1949:15502027
1892:15172773
1850:16801837
1815:16467436
1643:10691248
1602:17236646
1575:18988836
1478:25788769
1427:15277908
1238:25593237
1230:19151283
1189:11170260
1181:10703802
1086:21285993
895:26845787
822:25735710
769:facelift
730:Nip/Tuck
688:insomnia
666:Outcomes
613:neonates
580:Monitors
556:Implicit
549:Explicit
522:biopsies
481:red hair
449:cylinder
342:, or in
3494:Outline
3373:History
2958:Opioids
2801:Topical
2767:General
2545:7262082
2496:7413819
2404:7413819
2301:1996761
2252:2048657
2209:3618993
2166:9821994
2123:2337210
2082:6742485
2047:7413819
1989:6461159
1940:2435242
1900:2612639
1774:2064875
1733:3756056
1683:1607133
1566:2743249
1545:Bibcode
1537:Science
1469:4353148
1418:1362956
1326:9788027
1077:3026393
903:2682608
692:suicide
473:opiates
469:alcohol
277:anxiety
101:scholar
66:removed
2614:
2606:
2543:
2535:
2494:
2486:
2445:
2437:
2402:
2394:
2350:
2342:
2324:Lancet
2307:
2299:
2258:
2250:
2215:
2207:
2172:
2164:
2129:
2121:
2080:
2045:
2037:
1996:
1986:
1947:
1937:
1898:
1890:
1872:Lancet
1848:
1813:
1772:
1731:
1692:861598
1690:
1680:
1641:
1600:
1573:
1563:
1499:
1476:
1466:
1425:
1415:
1349:
1324:
1269:
1259:
1236:
1228:
1187:
1179:
1161:Lancet
1120:
1110:
1084:
1074:
1035:
1025:
999:
962:
939:
901:
893:
855:
820:
722:Return
539:memory
532:Memory
287:Causes
197:memory
162:recall
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
2791:Local
2760:Types
2612:S2CID
2541:S2CID
2492:S2CID
2443:S2CID
2400:S2CID
2348:S2CID
2305:S2CID
2256:S2CID
2213:S2CID
2170:S2CID
2127:S2CID
2043:S2CID
1896:S2CID
1868:(PDF)
1234:S2CID
1185:S2CID
1142:(PDF)
899:S2CID
709:Awake
594:sleep
475:, or
465:drugs
371:with
108:JSTOR
94:books
2751:and
2634:IMDb
2604:PMID
2533:PMID
2484:PMID
2435:PMID
2392:PMID
2340:PMID
2297:PMID
2248:PMID
2205:PMID
2162:PMID
2119:PMID
2078:PMID
2035:PMID
1994:PMID
1972:2016
1945:PMID
1888:PMID
1846:PMID
1811:PMID
1770:PMID
1729:PMID
1688:PMID
1639:PMID
1598:PMID
1571:PMID
1497:ISBN
1474:PMID
1423:PMID
1347:ISBN
1322:PMID
1285:link
1267:OCLC
1257:ISBN
1226:PMID
1177:PMID
1118:OCLC
1108:ISBN
1082:PMID
1033:OCLC
1023:ISBN
997:ISSN
960:ISBN
937:ISSN
891:PMID
853:ISSN
818:PMID
621:NMDA
524:and
150:AAGA
80:news
49:for
2711:at
2596:doi
2523:doi
2519:106
2474:doi
2427:doi
2382:doi
2332:doi
2328:355
2287:doi
2240:doi
2197:doi
2154:doi
2109:doi
2070:doi
2025:doi
1984:PMC
1976:doi
1935:PMC
1927:doi
1880:doi
1876:363
1838:doi
1801:doi
1760:doi
1719:doi
1678:PMC
1670:doi
1629:doi
1561:PMC
1553:doi
1541:322
1464:PMC
1454:doi
1413:PMC
1405:doi
1401:101
1312:doi
1216:doi
1212:108
1169:doi
1165:355
1072:PMC
1064:doi
1060:108
989:doi
929:doi
883:doi
845:doi
808:doi
804:115
650:or
625:EMG
586:EEG
367:'s
279:to
168:).
144:or
3511::
2660:.
2656:.
2632:.
2610:.
2602:.
2592:46
2590:.
2562:.
2539:.
2531:.
2517:.
2513:.
2490:.
2482:.
2470:99
2468:.
2464:.
2441:.
2433:.
2423:38
2398:.
2390:.
2378:99
2376:.
2372:.
2360:^
2346:.
2338:.
2326:.
2303:.
2295:.
2283:46
2281:.
2277:.
2254:.
2246:.
2236:46
2234:.
2211:.
2203:.
2193:42
2191:.
2168:.
2160:.
2150:89
2148:.
2125:.
2117:.
2105:45
2103:.
2099:.
2076:.
2066:61
2064:.
2041:.
2033:.
2021:99
2019:.
2015:.
1992:.
1982:.
1970:.
1966:.
1943:.
1933:.
1923:99
1921:.
1917:.
1894:.
1886:.
1874:.
1870:.
1844:.
1834:22
1832:.
1809:.
1797:96
1795:.
1791:.
1768:.
1756:66
1754:.
1750:.
1727:.
1715:58
1713:.
1709:.
1686:.
1676:.
1664:.
1660:.
1637:.
1625:92
1623:.
1619:.
1594:57
1592:.
1569:.
1559:.
1551:.
1539:.
1535:.
1472:.
1462:.
1450:31
1448:.
1444:.
1421:.
1411:.
1399:.
1395:.
1320:.
1308:20
1306:.
1302:.
1281:}}
1277:{{
1265:.
1232:.
1224:.
1210:.
1206:.
1183:.
1175:.
1163:.
1144:.
1130:^
1116:.
1094:^
1080:.
1070:.
1058:.
1054:.
1031:.
1009:^
995:.
987:.
983:.
935:.
925:26
923:.
919:.
897:.
889:.
879:25
877:.
865:^
851:.
843:.
839:.
816:.
802:.
798:.
686:,
682:,
678:,
471:,
384:.
68:.
2741:e
2734:t
2727:v
2671:.
2642:.
2618:.
2598::
2575:.
2547:.
2525::
2498:.
2476::
2449:.
2429::
2406:.
2384::
2354:.
2334::
2311:.
2289::
2262:.
2242::
2219:.
2199::
2176:.
2156::
2133:.
2111::
2084:.
2072::
2049:.
2027::
2000:.
1978::
1951:.
1929::
1902:.
1882::
1852:.
1840::
1817:.
1803::
1776:.
1762::
1735:.
1721::
1694:.
1672::
1666:1
1645:.
1631::
1604:.
1577:.
1555::
1547::
1505:.
1480:.
1456::
1429:.
1407::
1380:.
1355:.
1328:.
1314::
1287:)
1273:.
1240:.
1218::
1191:.
1171::
1124:.
1088:.
1066::
1039:.
1003:.
991::
968:.
943:.
931::
905:.
885::
859:.
847::
824:.
810::
771:.
756:.
300:(
148:(
119:)
115:(
105:·
98:·
91:·
84:·
58:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.