999:
820:
761:
155:
23:
306:
242:
The term “flat bone” is something of a misnomer because, although a flat bone is typically thin, it is also often curved. Examples include the cranial (skull) bones, the scapulae (shoulder blades), the sternum (breastbone), and the ribs. Flat bones serve as points of attachment for muscles and often
280:. The sesamoid bones protect tendons by helping them overcome compressive forces. Sesamoid bones vary in number and placement from person to person but are typically found in tendons associated with the feet, hands, and knees. The only type of sesamoid bone that is common to everybody is the
227:
A short bone is one that is cube-like in shape, being approximately equal in length, width, and thickness. The only short bones in the human skeleton are in the carpals of the wrists and the tarsals of the ankles. Short bones provide stability and support as well as some limited motion.
275:
A sesamoid bone is a small, round bone that, as the name suggests, is shaped like a sesame seed. These bones form in tendons (the sheaths of tissue that connect bones to muscles) where a great deal of pressure is generated in a
1324:
Venieratos D, Anagnostopoulou S, Garidou A., A new morphometric method for the sella turcica and the hypophyseal fossa and its clinical relevance. Folia
Morphol (Warsz). 2005 Nov; 64(4): 240–47.
173:
A long bone is one that is cylindrical in shape, being longer than it is wide. However, the term describes the shape of a bone, not its size, which is relative. Long bones are found in the arms (
261:
that support the spinal cord and protect it from compressive forces. Many facial bones, particularly the ones containing sinuses, are classified as irregular bones.
101:
257:
An irregular bone is one that does not have an easily classified shape and defies description. These bones tend to have more complex shapes, like the
370:
refer to a projection or bump with a roughened surface, with a "tubercle" generally smaller than a "tuberosity". These terms are derived from
94:
87:
1010:
The cortex of a bone is used to refer to its outer layers, and medulla used to refer to the inner surface of the bone.
1394:
326:
74:
59:
319:
is the round prominence at the end of a bone, most often part of a joint – an articulation with another bone. The
1423:
31:
807:
the segment between the head and shaft (or body). The end of the long bone opposite to the head is known as the
386:
885:
The long, relatively straight main body of a long bone; region of primary ossification. Also known as the
54:
599:
is a long, tunnel-like foramen, usually a passage for notable nerves or blood vessels. An example is the
1035:
69:
64:
799:
of a bone usually refers to the distal end of the bone. The shaft refers to the elongated sections of
824:
642:
498:. These are known as the medial and lateral malleolus. Each leg is supported by two bones, the
1418:
1040:
119:
39:
406:
510:
is the prominence on the inner side of the ankle, formed by the lower end of the tibia. The
450:
refer to a long, narrow line. Unlike many words used to describe anatomical terms, the word
735:
692:
414:
243:
protect internal organs. Flat bones do not have a medullary cavity because they are thin.
8:
514:
is the prominence on the outer side of the ankle, formed by the lower end of the fibula.
955:. In the long bones of humans, the epiphyseal plate disappears by twenty years of age.
858:
524:
258:
1185:
1183:
611:
The following terms are used to describe cavities that do not connect to other areas:
588:, or other structures to connect one part of the body with another. An example is the
1390:
1383:
1325:
1089:
854:
625:
528:
418:
356:
1180:
1019:
983:
959:
948:
933:
923:
899:
871:
532:
477:
These terms are used to describe bony protuberances in specific parts of the body.
340:
refers to a relatively small projection or bump, particularly of bone, such as the
1097:
998:
848:
823:
The epiphyseal plate is the area in which bone growth occurs after birth through
341:
519:
321:
1413:
1093:
1068:
1060:
688:
655:
600:
589:
547:
The following terms are used to describe cavities that connect to other areas:
487:
398:
377:
330:
252:
139:
683:
624:", ditch or trench) is a depression or hollow, usually in a bone, such as the
482:
1407:
1023:
1003:
987:, "the transitional part (between shaft and end) leading to the growth part"
977:
667:
629:
270:
182:
143:
1231:
819:
1329:
1113:
This
Knowledge entry incorporates text from the freely licensed Connexions
917:
893:
865:
760:
641:
is a short canal that opens to another part of the body. An example is the
1141:
552:
315:
154:
22:
1085:
1015:
705:
569:
466:
455:
206:
198:
695:, components of the inner ear, due to their fine and complex structure.
637:
1117:
1011:
968:
952:
726:
is the region where adjacent bones contact each other, for example the
565:
222:
131:
700:
650:
616:
469:, may be used to describe a relatively long, thin projection or bump.
1294:
973:
The region of a long bone lying between the epiphysis and diaphysis.
908:
880:
800:
523:
are parts of the femur, to which muscles attach. It may refer to the
410:
351:
refers to a relatively large projection or prominent bump, as does a
237:
202:
168:
135:
127:
1346:
1282:
1219:
1168:
764:
Gross overview of the features of long bones in a fully grown adult.
305:
1272:
1270:
913:
The end regions of a long bone; regions of secondary ossification.
841:
731:
1306:
1195:
1334:
1207:
1156:
944:
662:) is a small pit, usually on the head of a bone. An example of a
561:
281:
174:
1358:
1267:
1255:
1243:
678:
The following terms are used to describe the walls of a cavity:
581:
573:
503:
440:
refers to a long, thin projection, often with a rough surface.
210:
194:
727:
723:
717:
577:
499:
495:
372:
277:
190:
186:
209:, phalanges). Long bones function as levers; they move when
745:, referring to a projection that contacts an adjacent bone.
585:
557:
178:
123:
1006:, showing surface of the bone, red and yellow bone marrow.
417:. Ramus may also be used to refer to nerves, such as the
325:
refers to a projection near a condyle, particularly the
390:, which occasionally is synonymous with "tuberosity".
751:, referring to an articulation between cranial bones.
556:is any opening, particularly referring to those in
292:) which is also the largest of the sesamoid bones.
1382:
1114:
1405:
428:refers to a small, flattened articular surface.
1026:is present primarily in the medullary cavity.
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
502:on the inner side (medial) of the leg and the
405:) refers to an extension of bone, such as the
309:Different types of bone markings and features.
122:, and are often derived from Greek and Latin.
494:) is the bony prominence on each side of the
95:
875:, "outward from the growth part; outgrowth"
773:Bones are commonly described with the terms
704:refers to a bony cavity, usually within the
506:on the outer side (lateral) of the leg. The
1125:
102:
88:
1014:, in which blood is formed is present in
755:
997:
993:
818:
759:
304:
153:
1406:
943:. In a long bone it is a thin disc of
738:. Terms that refer to joints include:
126:in the human body is categorized into
1116:edition of Anatomy & Physiology
116:anatomical terms descriptive of bone
1380:
1364:
1352:
1340:
1312:
1300:
1288:
1276:
1261:
1249:
1237:
1225:
1213:
1201:
1189:
1174:
1162:
1075:), with "epi" referring to "Upon".
814:
13:
246:
14:
1435:
768:
264:
1144:. Openstax college at Connexions
327:medial epicondyle of the humerus
149:
21:
1318:
1078:
1192:, "Condyle, Epicondyle, Epi-".
1084:Specifically, 'spine, crest' (
1053:
927:, "on top of the growth part"
606:
465:, as well as referring to the
295:
216:
197:), as well as in the fingers (
1:
1385:The Oxford English dictionary
1119:text-book by OpenStax College
1107:
947:cartilage that is positioned
903:, "between the growth parts"
231:
162:
7:
1389:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
1381:J. A. Simpson, ed. (1989).
1029:
542:
537:
10:
1440:
1142:"Anatomy & Physiology"
1036:Anatomical terms of muscle
951:between the epiphysis and
715:
670:of the head of the femur.
472:
431:
329:. These terms derive from
300:
268:
250:
235:
220:
166:
1072:
825:endochondral ossification
711:
1046:
673:
643:external auditory meatus
628:, the depression in the
30:This article is part of
1240:, "Tuberous, Tubercle".
560:. Foramina inside the
158:Different types of bone
1424:Anatomical terminology
1064:
1041:Anatomical terminology
1007:
828:
765:
756:Features of long bones
659:
491:
402:
381:
310:
159:
120:anatomical terminology
40:Anatomical terminology
1001:
994:Internal and external
822:
763:
407:ramus of the mandible
308:
157:
963:, "the growth part"
736:costovertebral joint
693:membranous labyrinth
415:superior pubic ramus
592:in occipital bone.
1100:"RĂĽcken" 'back'.
1067:, from "knuckle" (
1022:, while the fatty
1018:as well as in the
1008:
939:Also known as the
829:
766:
311:
160:
991:
990:
743:articular process
626:hypophyseal fossa
620:(from the Latin "
512:lateral malleolus
419:ramus communicans
357:sacral promontory
112:
111:
1431:
1400:
1388:
1368:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1338:
1332:
1322:
1316:
1310:
1304:
1298:
1292:
1286:
1280:
1274:
1265:
1259:
1253:
1247:
1241:
1235:
1229:
1223:
1217:
1211:
1205:
1199:
1193:
1187:
1178:
1172:
1166:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1138:
1101:
1082:
1076:
1074:
1057:
1020:medullary cavity
934:epiphyseal plate
831:
830:
815:Internal regions
572:typically allow
533:third trochanter
508:medial malleolus
454:is derived from
104:
97:
90:
25:
18:
17:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1404:
1403:
1397:
1372:
1371:
1363:
1359:
1351:
1347:
1339:
1335:
1323:
1319:
1311:
1307:
1303:, "Trochanter".
1299:
1295:
1287:
1283:
1275:
1268:
1260:
1256:
1248:
1244:
1236:
1232:
1228:, "promontory".
1224:
1220:
1212:
1208:
1200:
1196:
1188:
1181:
1177:, "Epicondyle".
1173:
1169:
1161:
1157:
1147:
1145:
1140:
1139:
1126:
1110:
1105:
1104:
1092:related to the
1083:
1079:
1058:
1054:
1049:
1032:
996:
853:Any of various
817:
771:
758:
720:
714:
676:
609:
545:
540:
475:
434:
384:)., as is also
342:medial eminence
303:
298:
273:
267:
255:
249:
247:Irregular bones
240:
234:
225:
219:
171:
165:
152:
118:are defined in
108:
79:
12:
11:
5:
1437:
1427:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1402:
1401:
1395:
1377:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1357:
1355:, "labyrinth".
1345:
1333:
1317:
1305:
1293:
1291:, "Malleolus".
1281:
1266:
1254:
1242:
1230:
1218:
1206:
1194:
1179:
1167:
1155:
1123:
1122:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1077:
1059:Specifically,
1051:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1031:
1028:
1002:Inside of the
995:
992:
989:
988:
974:
971:
965:
964:
956:
937:
929:
928:
914:
911:
905:
904:
890:
883:
877:
876:
862:
851:
845:
844:
838:
835:
816:
813:
770:
769:Gross features
767:
757:
754:
753:
752:
746:
716:Main article:
713:
710:
689:bony labyrinth
687:refers to the
675:
672:
608:
605:
601:auditory canal
590:foramen magnum
544:
541:
539:
536:
492:"small hammer"
474:
471:
433:
430:
302:
299:
297:
294:
269:Main article:
266:
265:Sesamoid bones
263:
253:Irregular bone
251:Main article:
248:
245:
236:Main article:
233:
230:
221:Main article:
218:
215:
167:Main article:
164:
161:
151:
148:
140:irregular bone
110:
109:
107:
106:
99:
92:
84:
81:
80:
78:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
46:
43:
42:
36:
35:
27:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1436:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1419:Human anatomy
1417:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1398:
1396:9780198611868
1392:
1387:
1386:
1379:
1378:
1374:
1373:
1366:
1361:
1354:
1349:
1342:
1337:
1331:
1327:
1321:
1314:
1309:
1302:
1297:
1290:
1285:
1278:
1273:
1271:
1263:
1258:
1251:
1246:
1239:
1234:
1227:
1222:
1215:
1210:
1204:, "eminence".
1203:
1198:
1191:
1186:
1184:
1176:
1171:
1164:
1159:
1143:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1088::hrycg) from
1087:
1081:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1056:
1052:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1027:
1025:
1024:yellow marrow
1021:
1017:
1013:
1005:
1004:head of femur
1000:
986:
985:
980:
979:
975:
972:
970:
967:
966:
962:
961:
957:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
935:
931:
930:
926:
925:
920:
919:
915:
912:
910:
907:
906:
902:
901:
896:
895:
891:
888:
884:
882:
879:
878:
874:
873:
868:
867:
863:
860:
859:protuberances
856:
852:
850:
847:
846:
843:
839:
836:
833:
832:
826:
821:
812:
810:
806:
802:
798:
793:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
762:
750:
747:
744:
741:
740:
739:
737:
733:
729:
725:
719:
709:
707:
703:
702:
696:
694:
690:
686:
685:
679:
671:
669:
668:fovea capitis
665:
661:
657:
653:
652:
646:
644:
640:
639:
633:
631:
630:sphenoid bone
627:
623:
619:
618:
612:
604:
602:
598:
593:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
554:
548:
535:
534:
530:
526:
522:
521:
515:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
484:
478:
470:
468:
464:
459:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
439:
429:
427:
422:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
391:
389:
388:
383:
379:
375:
374:
369:
365:
360:
358:
354:
350:
345:
343:
339:
334:
332:
328:
324:
323:
318:
317:
307:
293:
291:
287:
283:
279:
272:
271:Sesamoid bone
262:
260:
254:
244:
239:
229:
224:
214:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
170:
156:
150:Types of bone
147:
145:
144:sesamoid bone
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
105:
100:
98:
93:
91:
86:
85:
83:
82:
76:
73:
71:
68:
66:
63:
61:
58:
56:
53:
51:
48:
47:
45:
44:
41:
38:
37:
33:
29:
28:
24:
20:
19:
16:
1384:
1360:
1348:
1336:
1320:
1315:, "Foramen".
1308:
1296:
1284:
1257:
1245:
1233:
1221:
1216:, "process".
1209:
1197:
1170:
1165:, "Condyle".
1158:
1148:November 16,
1146:. Retrieved
1112:
1111:
1080:
1055:
1009:
982:
976:
958:
949:transversely
941:growth plate
940:
922:
916:
898:
892:
886:
870:
864:
834:Bone feature
808:
804:
796:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
772:
748:
742:
724:articulation
722:A joint, or
721:
699:
697:
682:
680:
677:
663:
649:
647:
636:
634:
621:
615:
613:
610:
596:
594:
551:
549:
546:
518:
516:
511:
507:
481:
479:
476:
462:
460:
451:
447:
443:
442:
437:
435:
425:
423:
394:
392:
387:protuberance
385:
371:
367:
363:
361:
355:such as the
352:
348:
346:
337:
335:
320:
314:
312:
289:
285:
274:
256:
241:
226:
205:) and toes (
185:) and legs (
172:
115:
113:
75:Neuroanatomy
60:Microanatomy
49:
15:
1343:, "meatus".
1086:Old English
1016:spongy bone
861:on a bone.
840:Etymologic
607:Blind-ended
520:trochanters
467:spinal cord
456:Old English
296:Protrusions
217:Short bones
207:metatarsals
199:metacarpals
1408:Categories
1367:, "sinus".
1279:, "Ridge".
1264:, "Crest".
1252:, "ramus".
1108:References
1096:"rug" and
1012:Red marrow
969:metaphysis
953:metaphysis
842:memory aid
837:Definition
803:, and the
568:and other
368:tuberosity
353:promontory
322:epicondyle
232:Flat bones
223:Short bone
213:contract.
163:Long bones
132:short bone
909:epiphysis
881:diaphysis
855:processes
849:apophysis
801:long bone
684:labyrinth
483:Malleolus
259:vertebrae
238:Flat bone
203:phalanges
169:Long bone
136:flat bone
128:long bone
1365:OED 1989
1353:OED 1989
1341:OED 1989
1330:16425149
1313:OED 1989
1301:OED 1989
1289:OED 1989
1277:OED 1989
1262:OED 1989
1250:OED 1989
1238:OED 1989
1226:OED 1989
1214:OED 1989
1202:OED 1989
1190:OED 1989
1175:OED 1989
1163:OED 1989
1090:Germanic
1073:kondylos
1065:condylus
1030:See also
932:physis (
732:shoulder
582:arteries
543:Openings
538:Cavities
382:swelling
364:tubercle
338:eminence
290:patellae
55:Location
32:a series
945:hyaline
666:is the
574:muscles
570:animals
553:foramen
525:greater
473:Special
432:Pointed
409:in the
349:process
316:condyle
301:Rounded
286:patella
282:kneecap
211:muscles
175:humerus
1393:
1328:
1098:German
984:physis
960:physis
924:physis
900:physis
872:physis
749:suture
712:Joints
638:meatus
578:nerves
566:humans
529:lesser
504:fibula
403:branch
288:, pl.
195:fibula
183:radius
70:Muscle
65:Motion
1414:Bones
1375:Books
1094:Dutch
1069:Greek
1061:Latin
1047:Notes
978:meta-
887:shaft
783:shaft
734:, or
728:elbow
718:Joint
706:skull
701:sinus
674:Walls
664:fovea
656:Latin
651:fovea
622:fossa
617:fossa
597:canal
586:veins
531:, or
500:tibia
496:ankle
488:Latin
463:spine
452:ridge
448:crest
444:Ridge
426:facet
399:Latin
395:ramus
378:Latin
373:tuber
362:Both
331:Greek
278:joint
191:tibia
187:femur
114:Many
1391:ISBN
1326:PMID
1150:2013
918:epi-
894:dia-
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