Animal–industrial complex

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into the dominant societal beliefs and values, including a great deal of procapitalist and speciesist ideology. The devalued status of other animals is deeply ingrained; animals appear in schools merely as caged "pets," as dissection and vivisection subjects, and as lunch. On television and in movies, the unworthiness of other animals is evidenced by their virtual invisibility; when they do appear, they generally are marginalized, vilified, or objectified. Not surprisingly, these and numerous other sources of speciesism are so ideologically profound that those who raise compelling moral objections to animal oppression largely are dismissed, if not ridiculed.

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indicates, "slaughterhouse employment increases total arrest rates, arrests for violent crimes, arrests for rape, and arrests for other sex offenses in comparison with other industries". As authors from the PTSD Journal explain, "These employees are hired to kill animals, such as pigs and cows that are largely gentle creatures. Carrying out this action requires workers to disconnect from what they are doing and from the creature standing before them. This emotional dissonance can lead to consequences such as domestic violence, social withdrawal, anxiety, drug and alcohol abuse, and PTSD".

6861: 58: 910:, and advertised through the media–industrial complex. Best estimates that up to 115 million animals are killed globally every year to produce these drugs, which force human victims to succumb to the medical–industrial complex for profit by treating only the symptoms. Any dissent by animal rights activists is criminalized by the security–industrial complex, which incarcerates many of the dissenters in the prison–industrial complex. Twine considers the AIC as a significant component of the broader global food system. 1020: 694: 1096:, Meneka Repka cites Barbara Noski as saying that the commodification of nonhuman animals in food systems is directly linked to capitalist systems that prioritize "monopolistically inclined financial interests" over the well-being of humans, nonhumans, and the environment. Richard Twine furthers this stating that "corporate influences have had a direct interest through marketing, advertising, and flavour manipulation in constructing the consumption of animal products as a sensual material pleasure." 953:'s military–industrial complex warning, Stachowski states that the vast and powerful AIC determines what children eat because people have failed to "guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence" and that Eisenhower's parallels are strikingly similar to the AIC in that the complex involves "the very structure of our society" and completely influences the society's economic, political, and even spiritual spheres. Stachowski also states that the troika "hijacks" schoolchildren by promoting 6922: 388: 6934: 6614: 1016:, in order to reduce meat consumption, which can “translate not only into less heat, but also more space for biodiversity," the “massive planetary monopoly of industrial meat production . . . needs to be curbed.” They insist that this can be done while respecting the cultural traditions of indigenous peoples, for whom meat is an important source of protein. 746:. The exploitation of animals, argues Colin Salter, is not necessary to military–industrial complexes, but it is a foundational and central element of the military–industrial complex as it actually exists. One of the aims of the book as a whole was to argue for the abolition of the military-animal industrial complex and all wars. 1169:

consider as "environmental racism" wherein animals and animalized humans are symbolically paired, and as an economic rationale for the perpetuation of a specific prison population. According to Fitzgerald, this suggests a tendency toward psycho-social brutalization in such labor, which in turn jeopardize inmate rehabilitation.

1008:". In the US alone, over 20 million farm animals die during transport to slaughterhouses annually. The extensive use of land and other resources for the production of meat instead of grain for human consumption is a leading cause of malnutrition, hunger, and famine around the world. According to conservation biologists 1206:

protect their hearing from the constant screams of animals being killed. A 2004 study in the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine found that "excess risks were observed for mortality from all causes, all cancers, and lung cancer" in workers employed in the New Zealand meat processing industry.

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Nibert argues that while it has its origins in the use of animals during the establishment of agricultural societies, the animal–industrial complex is ultimately "a predictable, insidious outgrowth of the capitalist system with its penchant for continuous expansion". According to Nibert, this complex

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operations. These slaughterhouses grew by exploiting vulnerable workforces, chiefly immigrants, who were undernourished, over-worked, poorly housed, and frequently sick, owing to the "macabre" nature of work as a result of the "assembly-line-style carnage" worsened by "the deafening squeals, bellows

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Referring to the animal–industrial complex intersectionally, both Noske and Twine acknowledge the complex's negative impact on human minorities and the environment. According to Kathleen Stachowski, the AIC "naturalizes the human as a consumer of other animals." The enormity of the AIC, according to

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indicates, "Regression analyses of data from 10,605 Danish workers across 44 occupations suggest that slaughterhouse workers consistently experience lower physical and psychological well-being along with increased incidences of negative coping behavior". A 2009 study by criminologist Amy Fitzgerald

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The animal–industrial complex involves commodification of animals under contemporary capitalism and includes every economic activity involving animals, such as food, animal research, entertainment, fashion, companionship, and so forth, all of which are seen as consequences of animal exploitations.

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Scholars argue that all kinds of animal production is rooted in speciesism, reducing animals to mere economic resources. Built on the production and slaughter of animals, the animal–industrial complex is perceived as the materialization of the institution of speciesism, with speciesism becoming "a

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The profound cultural devaluation of other animals that permits the violence that underlies the animal industrial complex is produced by far-reaching speciesist socialization. For instance, the system of primary and secondary education under the capitalist system largely indoctrinates young people

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The dramatic deforestation resulting from land conversion for agriculture and meat production could be reduced via adopting a diet that reduces meat consumption. Less meat can translate not only into less heat, but also more space for biodiversity . . . Although among many Indigenous populations,

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The worst thing, worse than the physical danger, is the emotional toll. If you work in the stick pit for any period of time—that let's you kill things but doesn't let you care. You may look a hog in the eye that's walking around in the blood pit with you and think, 'God, that really isn't a bad

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78 slaughter workers lost fingers, parts of fingers or limbs, more than 800 workers had serious injuries, and at least 4,500 had to take more than three days off after accidents. In a 2018 study in the Italian Journal of Food Safety, slaughterhouse workers are instructed to wear ear protectors to

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writes that a "cultural biography of things" would show animals "sliding in and out of commodity status and taking on different values for different people" as they make their way from their homes to the streets of Paris. Sociologist Rhoda Wilkie has used the term "sentient commodity" to describe

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In her book, Noske discusses the issue of health risks to human workers in slaughterhouses. Amy J. Fitzgerald points out to prison inmates in the United States and Canada being employed as a source of cheap labor in slaughtering and processing of animals, which scholars such as Robert R. Higgins

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According to Stallwood, the animal–industrial complex breeds animals in the billions in order to make products and services for human consumption, and all these animals are considered legal property of the animal–industrial complex. The animal–industrial complex is said to have transformed the

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by exploiting animals of the AIC in universities, military, and private vivisection laboratories and producing questionable research financed by the pharmaceutical–industrial complex for pharmaceutical capital. These drugs, which according to Best are dubiously researched, are then patented,

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later refined the concept, regarding it as the "partly opaque and multiple set of networks and relationships between the corporate (agricultural) sector, governments, and public and private science. With economic, cultural, social and affective dimensions it encompasses an extensive range of

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considers responses to such crises as representing "a search for anthropocentric solutions to an anthropocentric problem"—that is, improve the supply of meat rather than examine the practice of meat eating—and stresses a closer scrutiny of the problem and a possible rejection of

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since the 1990s because of public concern for animals. "Scientifically-certified welfare products," which Torssonen calls "sellfare," are "producible and salable at various points in the commodity chain," subject to competition like any other commodity. Social scientist

642:. In the words of Nibert, the Chicago slaughterhouses were significant economic powers of the early 20th century and were "famous for the cruel, rapid-paced killing and disassembly of enormous numbers of animals." To elucidate animal–industrial complex, Stallwood cites 945:

happening within the dairy industry. Scholars note that while critical animal theory acknowledges the universities' position as centers of knowledge production, it also states that the academy plays a problematic role of being a crucial mechanism within the AIC.

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and decreasing government intervention, favouring transnational corporations and global capital." According to Stallwood, two milestones mark the shift in human attitudes toward animals that empowered the animal–industrial complex, namely, Chicago and

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and animals. The creation of ranching operations led to intrusions onto Native American lands and violent displacement of the people in them in order to accommodate the growing numbers of oppressed animals, which in turn resulted in the creation of

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defines the animal–industrial complex as "a massive network that includes grain producers, ranching operations, slaughterhouse and packaging firms, fast food and chain restaurants, and the state," which he claims "has deep roots in world history."

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explains that all these industrial complexes interrelate with and reinforce the AIC by "exploiting the nonhuman animal slaves" of the AIC. For instance, the academic–industrial complex conducts research for the medical–industrial complex and

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Scholars state that throughout history the oppression of exploited animals supported the oppression and exploitation of humans, and vice versa. The resulting change from one form of the control of state power to another, such as the older

1034:, another component of the AIC, is responsible to the immense suffering of hundreds of millions of nonhuman animals annually, and the deaths of at least 115 million animals. While the public is increasingly aware of this, chiefly due to 706:

already confused relationship between human and non-human animals, significantly increasing the consumption and threatening human survival, and the pervasive nature of the animal–industrial complex is such that it evades attention.

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this view of how the conception of animals as commodities can shift depending on whether a human being forms a relationship with them. Geographers Rosemary-Claire Collard and Jessica Dempsey use the term "lively commodities."

562:, saying that animals "have become reduced to mere appendages of computers and machines." The expression relates the practices, organizations, and overall industry that turns animals into food and other commodities to the 1649: 1130:

being replaced by rising capitalism, was "every bit as violent and oppressive" as the former. The state-supported profit-driven capitalist expansion, for instance, was responsible for the killing and displacement of

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argues that, while there is no immanent right for animals or humans to not be commodified, there are strong practical reasons to oppose any commodification of animals, not just that which is cruel or egregious.

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Moreover, we have unleashed a mass extinction event, the sixth in roughly 540 million years, wherein many current life forms could be annihilated or at least committed to extinction by the end of this century.

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The AIC essentially refers to the triple helix of influential, powerful systems that control knowledge systems about meat production, namely, the government, the corporate sphere, and the academy.

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looking animal.' You may want to pet it. Pigs down on the kill floor have come up to nuzzle me like a puppy. Two minutes later I had to kill them - beat them to death with a pipe. I can't care.

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Stachowski, includes "its long reach into our lives, and how well it has done its job normalizing brutality toward the animals whose very existence is forgotten." She states that the corporate

2572: 996:, and dogs and cats eaten in Asia. All told, around 166 to over 200 billion land and aquatic animals are killed every year to provide humans with animal products for consumption, which some 835:, John Sanbonmatsu argues that speciesism is not ignorance or the absence of a moral code towards animals, but is a mode of production and material system imbricated with capitalism. 2152: 1201:, the largest meat producer in America, is injured and amputates a finger or limb per month. The Bureau of Investigative Journalism reported that over a period of six years, in the 1677: 3455:

Baran, B. E.; Rogelberg, S. G.; Clausen, T (2016). "Routinized killing of animals: Going beyond dirty work and prestige to understand the well-being of slaughterhouse workers".

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The act of slaughtering animals, or of raising or transporting animals for slaughter, may engender psychological stress or trauma in the people involved. A 2016 study in

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meat consumption represents a cultural tradition and a source of protein, it is the massive planetary monopoly of industrial meat production that needs to be curbed

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Nocella, Anthony J. (2014). "A critical animal and peace studies argument to ending all wars". In Salter, Colin; Nocella, Anthony J.; Bentley, Judy K. C. (eds.).

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If the idea of an animal industrial complex seemed a bit outlandish—maybe even a little paranoid—to anyone a few paragraphs back, perhaps now? … not so much.

3245: 2952: 889:, vivisection–industrial complex, cosmetic–industrial complex, entertainment–industrial complex, academic–industrial complex, security–industrial complex, 1641: 988:

in the planet's history. This number excludes aquatic animals killed for food and non-food uses, which amounts to about 103.6 billion annually, and also

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is so destructive in its pursuit of resources such as land and water to rear all of these animals as a source of profit that it warrants comparisons to

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Repka, Meneka (2019). Nocella Ii, Anthony J; Drew, Carolyn; George, Amber E; Ketenci, Sinem; Lupinacci, John; Purdy, Ian; Leeson-Schatz, Joe (eds.).

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Salter, Colin (2014). "Introducing the military-animal industrial complex". In Salter, Colin; Nocella, Anthony J.; Bentley, Judy K. C. (eds.).

760: 1178: 3560: 742:, explored the connections between the animal–industrial complex and the military–industrial complex, proposing and analysing the idea of a 3873: 3378: 800: 2977: 2187: 5840: 5784: 3612: 3353:"A Slaughterhouse Nightmare: Psychological Harm Suffered by Slaughterhouse Employees and the Possibility of Redress through Legal Reform" 1187:

reports that pig and cattle slaughterhouse workers are nearly seven times more likely to suffer repetitive strain injuries than average.

843: 1237:, slaughterhouse workers were observed not being allowed breaks, were often required to wear diapers, and were paid below minimum wage. 5511: 937:, the government, and schools forms the animal–industrial complex troika of immense influence, which hides from the public's view the 6654: 5924: 3492:"Slaughterhouses and Increased Crime Rates: An Empirical Analysis of the Spillover From "The Jungle" Into the Surrounding Community" 652:, which explicitly describes the mistreatment of animals during their lives until they end up at the slaughterhouse. He also quotes 438:) is a concept used by activists and scholars to describe what they contend is the systematic and institutionalized exploitation of 6280: 6045: 4297: 3848: 1286: 3888: 3790: 961: 3965: 2017: 721:

to a projected 9 billion by the middle of the century, meat production is expected to increase by 40%. Nibert further states,

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Slaughterhouses in the United States commonly illegally employ and exploit underage workers and illegal immigrants. In 2010,

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argue that the animal–industrial complex is both a consequence and cause of speciesism, which according to them is a form of

77: 3586: 1924: 1408: 5912: 5451: 4194: 815:. They also argue that the obfuscation of meat's animal origins is a critical part of the animal–industrial complex under 6336: 4541: 2888: 2132: 1136: 881:, and the like), intersecting with various other industrial complexes that involves exploitation of animals, such as the 411: 1799: 6461: 5804: 5714: 3710: 2867: 2285: 2248: 1938: 1422: 1183:

American slaughterhouse workers are three times more likely to suffer serious injury than the average American worker.

1005: 919: 663: 1065:. According to Charlotte Blattner et al., the COVID-19 crisis revealed the AIC as "a vast and unstoppable machinery." 19: 6529: 6005: 5965: 5888: 5845: 5699: 5624: 5098: 3853: 3843: 3759: 3198:"Slaughtering for a living: A hermeneutic phenomenological perspective on the well-being of slaughterhouse employees" 2875:

Gillespie, Kathryn (2015). "Animal Oppression & Human Violence: Domesecration, Capitalism, and Global Conflict".

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practices, technologies, images, identities and markets." Twine also discusses the overlap between the AIC and other

3537: 265: 6173: 5824: 5654: 5481: 4551: 4546: 3976: 1054: 534:), and so forth. Proponents of the term claim that activities described by the term differ from individual acts of 3029: 2853: 6954: 6141: 5894: 5779: 4988: 4574: 4469: 3155:

Slaughterhouse: : The Shocking Story of Greed, Neglect, And Inhumane Treatment Inside the U.S. Meat Industry

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in the K-12 nutrition education curriculum and making them "eat the products of industrial animal production."

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Steinfeld, Henning; Gerber, Pierre; Wassenaar, Tom; Castel, Vincent; Rosales, Mauricio; de Haan, Cees (2006),

6959: 6647: 5754: 5639: 4459: 3991: 890: 578: 3169:"Sheep farmer who felt so guilty about driving his lambs to slaughter rescues them and becomes a vegetarian" 1145:

and bleating of terrified animals" being slaughtered. Starting in the 1980s, large food companies including

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Ripple WJ, Wolf C, Newsome TM, Galetti M, Alamgir M, Crist E, Mahmoud MI, Laurance WF (13 November 2017).

2105: 976:, and the killing of more than 60 billion non-human land animals annually, ultimately contributing to the 6964: 6312: 6101: 5729: 5679: 4363: 3838: 3783: 2302: 1645: 1503: 1475: 1089: 1083: 601:

of animals began, it was only since 1945 that the complex began to grow significantly under contemporary

569: 1644:; Taylor, Nik (2014). "The cultural hegemony of meat and the animal industrial complex". In Nik Taylor; 6912: 6554: 6426: 6221: 6157: 6093: 5744: 5704: 5674: 4802: 4797: 4199: 2590:

Maxmen A (April 2021). "WHO report into COVID pandemic origins zeroes in on animal markets, not labs".

653: 3327:"Psychological Distress Among Slaughterhouse Workers Warrants Further Study - SPH - Boston University" 6538: 6376: 6213: 5649: 4943: 4862: 4722: 4302: 3379:"'I couldn't look them in the eye': Farmer who couldn't slaughter his cows is turning his farm vegan" 2859: 1071: 209: 87: 2689:

Elephant slaves and pampered parrots: Exotic animals and their meanings in eighteenth-century France

27:, which scholars such as Barbara Noske state is part of the animal–industrial complex. According to 6640: 6507: 6468: 6454: 6320: 6296: 6085: 5709: 5113: 5058: 4515: 4234: 4219: 4204: 4161: 4126: 3863: 1581: 631: 355: 82: 6440: 2240: 6589: 6360: 6264: 6077: 6053: 5930: 5809: 5764: 5659: 5546: 5355: 4031: 3949: 3679: 2232: 1930: 1716: 1414: 1193:

reports that on average there are two amputations a week involving slaughterhouse workers in the

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as the ideological anchor of the intersecting networks of the animal–industrial complex, such as

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described slaughterhouse line work in the United States as a human rights crime. In a report by

6617: 6562: 6109: 5684: 5644: 5598: 5516: 5471: 5340: 4993: 4978: 4632: 4209: 3828: 3776: 2730: 2645: 1758:"Disconnection & Demonisation: COVID-19 Shows Why We Need to Stop Commodifying All Animals" 1481:"Revealing the 'animal-industrial complex'—A concept & method for Critical Animal Studies?" 1158: 1043: 739: 127: 112: 39: 2784: 2703: 1396: 1326: 6879: 6756: 6368: 6189: 6149: 6061: 6021: 5942: 5936: 5749: 5033: 4933: 4898: 4484: 4383: 4292: 4131: 4021: 3986: 2224: 1281: 855: 551: 499: 443: 226: 189: 184: 5018: 3300:"There's a Christmas crisis going on: no one wants to kill your dinner - Chas Newkey-Burden" 3270: 1916: 6746: 6392: 6197: 6125: 5876: 5819: 5689: 5541: 5526: 5400: 5300: 5255: 5108: 4330: 4171: 3939: 3919: 2599: 1062: 981: 950: 307: 57: 5260: 3722:

Defining Critical Animal Studies: An Intersectional Social Justice Approach for Liberation

8: 6486: 6433: 5850: 5461: 5073: 5068: 4948: 4923: 4642: 4499: 4388: 4282: 4277: 2884: 1961:"Lobbying against compassion: Speciesist Discourse in the Vivisection Industrial Complex" 977: 969: 683: 639: 597:

Although the origin of the animal–industrial complex can be traced back to the time when

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Education for Total Liberation: Critical Animal Pedagogy and Teaching Against Speciesism

2603: 2106:"Greenwashing the Animal-Industrial Complex: Sustainable Intensification and Happy Meat" 1582:"Wildlife Trade and COVID-19: Towards a Criminology of Anthropogenic Pathogen Spillover" 6447: 6384: 6205: 6037: 6029: 5906: 5882: 5794: 5420: 4827: 4320: 4272: 4262: 4073: 3981: 3702: 3511: 3472: 3275: 3222: 3197: 3130: 3105: 3081: 3056: 2908: 2758: 2669: 2623: 2549: 2524: 2447: 2439: 2383: 2356: 2269: 1988: 1827: 1773: 1724: 1614: 1230: 870: 635: 581:, entertainment–industrial complex, and pharmaceutical–industrial complex. Sociologist 574: 523: 519: 250: 92: 6500: 238: 6860: 6570: 6344: 6304: 6256: 6248: 6133: 5900: 5799: 5774: 5739: 5496: 5486: 5395: 5335: 5250: 4837: 4702: 4677: 4667: 4647: 4373: 4257: 4166: 4001: 3755: 3736: 3725: 3706: 3683: 3515: 3476: 3352: 3227: 3135: 3086: 2912: 2900: 2863: 2796: 2762: 2750: 2709: 2673: 2659: 2627: 2615: 2554: 2498: 2388: 2281: 2244: 2018:"The "V" Word: An Inquiry into Vegan Student Experience in Calgarian Schools (p. 62)" 1992: 1980: 1934: 1875: 1831: 1819: 1777: 1736: 1667: 1601: 1511: 1446: 1418: 1332: 1113: 1099:

Writing about wild animals being imported into France in the 18th century, historian

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Animal Oppression and Human Violence: Domesecration, Capitalism, and Global Conflict

2451: 6514: 6240: 5789: 5456: 5360: 5320: 5310: 5240: 5103: 5043: 4998: 4963: 4822: 4762: 4536: 4494: 4454: 4424: 4414: 4409: 4348: 4151: 3914: 3883: 3503: 3464: 3217: 3209: 3125: 3117: 3076: 3068: 2926: 2892: 2742: 2651: 2607: 2544: 2536: 2488: 2477:"Covid-19 and Capital: Labour Studies and Nonhuman Animals – A Roundtable Dialogue" 2431: 2378: 2370: 2273: 2236: 2177: 2169: 2038: 2028: 1972: 1865: 1811: 1765: 1728: 1659: 1609: 1593: 1162: 985: 715: 467: 350: 174: 24: 4867: 4712: 3405:"Meet The Former Livestock Agent Who Started An International Vegan Food Business" 2896: 2650:. Radical Animal Studies and Total Liberation (1 ed.). New York: Peter Lang. 1917:"Introduction: Pathologies of Power and the Rise of the Global Industrial Complex" 6938: 6894: 6328: 5436: 5390: 5385: 5235: 5200: 5185: 5123: 5013: 4958: 4938: 4877: 4787: 4697: 4637: 4612: 4267: 4141: 3173: 2540: 1732: 1561: 1539: 1108: 1039: 1027: 1013: 788: 623: 255: 693: 6926: 6706: 6689: 6674: 6663: 6272: 6069: 5669: 5571: 5501: 5491: 5415: 5345: 5330: 5270: 5195: 5170: 5118: 5063: 5023: 4928: 4918: 4893: 4807: 4737: 4662: 4602: 4474: 4404: 4249: 4224: 4181: 4156: 4146: 4121: 4081: 4036: 3944: 3638: 2611: 2475:

Blattner, Charlotte; Coulter, Kendra; Wadiwel, Dinesh; Kasprzycka, Eva (2021).

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Violence and Harm in the Animal Industrial Complex: Human-Animal Entanglements

2420:""Mad Cow" Disease and the Animal Industrial Complex: An Ecofeminist Analysis" 1870: 1853: 1815: 1107:

Political scientist Sami Torssonen argues that animal welfare has itself been

6948: 6845: 6711: 6546: 5664: 5531: 5506: 5441: 5410: 5375: 5370: 5365: 5350: 5230: 5205: 5175: 5078: 5048: 4903: 4857: 4852: 4817: 4812: 4767: 4752: 4732: 4707: 4672: 4652: 4617: 4520: 4353: 4096: 4056: 3954: 3924: 3799: 3720:

Nocella II, Anthony J.; Sorenson, John; Socha, Kim; Matsuoka, Atsuko (2014).

3507: 3468: 2904: 2800: 2754: 2573:"WHO Points To Wildlife Farms In Southern China As Likely Source Of Pandemic" 2502: 2435: 2220: 1984: 1976: 1920: 1879: 1823: 1605: 1438: 1404: 1276: 1251: 1234: 1194: 1132: 1035: 1019: 1009: 989: 954: 938: 874: 847: 820: 768: 698: 675: 614: 610: 606: 598: 555: 345: 102: 47: 31:, animals "have become reduced to mere appendages of computers and machines." 28: 5315: 3121: 2173: 1508:

Animals as Biotechnology: Ethics, Sustainability and Critical Animal Studies

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regimes. Speciesism results in the belief that humans have the right to use

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and explains how the disassembly of animals in the slaughterhouses inspired

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Scholars argue that the animal–industrial complex is also responsible for

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Livestock/Deadstock: Working with Farm Animals from Birth to Slaughter

2357:"Circling the drain: the extinction crisis and the future of humanity" 2043: 609:

claims that the animal–industrial complex is "an integral part of the

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International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being

2823:"There's no such thing as humane meat or eggs. Stop kidding yourself" 1655: 858: 667: 471: 372: 317: 3246:"Working 'The Chain,' Slaughterhouse Workers Face Lifelong Injuries" 2953:"Working 'The Chain,' Slaughterhouse Workers Face Lifelong Injuries" 1757: 6840: 6808: 6766: 5128: 4046: 3996: 3748:

The rise of Critical Animal Studies. From the Margins to the Centre

3005:"America's Largest Meat Producer Averages One Amputation Per Month" 2746: 2655: 2523:

Sun J, He WT, Wang L, Lai A, Ji X, Zhai X, et al. (May 2020).

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One of the primary impacts of the animal–industrial complex is the

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and animal rights activists, among them Steven Best and journalist

997: 367: 204: 194: 97: 6632: 3057:"Noise assessment in slaughterhouses by means of a smartphone app" 4358: 4312: 3971: 3666:

Hunnicutt, Gwen, Richard Twine, and Kenneth Mentor, eds. (2024).

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The Politics of Total Liberation: Revolution for the 21st Century

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and its networks, or the agro-industrial complex (which includes

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Permissible Progeny?: The Morality of Procreation and Parenting

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Humans and Other Animals: Beyond the Boundaries of Anthropology

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in that they constitute institutionalized animal exploitation.

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Critical Animal Studies: Towards Trans-species Social Justice

1057:(mad cow disease) owing to beef consumption, and the ongoing 962:

animal agriculture has been implicated in environmental harms

451: 3106:"Mortality and cancer incidence in New Zealand meat workers" 2355:

Dirzo, Rodolfo; Ceballos, Gerardo; Ehrlich, Paul R. (2022).

1800:"The Personal as Political in the Animal Industrial Complex" 1721:

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moved most slaughterhouse operations to rural areas of the

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Livestock's Long Shadow: Environmental Issues and Options

2076:"The Animal-Industrial Complex: The Monster in Our Midst" 1184: 4490:

University of California, Riverside 1985 laboratory raid

3561:"America's Worst Graveyard Shift Is Grinding Up Workers" 2153:"World Scientists' Warning to Humanity: A Second Notice" 2150: 1636: 1634: 1632: 1161:

which were more hostile to unionization efforts. In the

1042:, the AIC lobbies against animal welfare regulation and 6835: 3055:

Francesca Iulietto, Maria; Sechi, Paola (3 July 2018).

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3454: 1710: 1708: 1706: 1704: 1702: 1700: 1698: 1696: 1694: 1629: 16:

Systematic, institutionalized exploitation of animals

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fast-tracked into market sales with the help of the

3483: 2731:"Life for Sale? The Politics of Lively Commodities" 2729:Collard, Rosemary-Claire; Dempsey, Jessica (2013). 1947: 1715:Dinker, Karin Gunnarsson; Pedersen, Helena (2016). 1533: 3291: 3189: 3110:Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2470: 2468: 1691: 1479: 3530:"The Psychological Damage of Slaughterhouse Work" 3370: 2362:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 2069: 2067: 2065: 2063: 2061: 2025:PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository 2006: 1328:Critical Animal Studies: Thinking the Unthinkable 6946: 3869:List of international animal welfare conventions 3673: 3196:Victor, Karen; Barnard, Antoni (20 April 2016). 3161: 1907: 1905: 1903: 1901: 1899: 1897: 1895: 1893: 1891: 1889: 1640: 1575: 1573: 1571: 6166:An Introduction to Animals and Political Theory 3630: 3489: 2465: 2144: 827:, which is so pervasive in the modern society. 749: 5597: 3448: 2728: 2565: 2227:. In S. Hannan; S. Brennan; R. Vernon (eds.). 2215: 2213: 2211: 2058: 1714: 1320: 1318: 1316: 1314: 1312: 1310: 1308: 1306: 1304: 1302: 1172: 6648: 3784: 3750:. Routledge Advances in Sociology. New York: 3587:"Exploitation and Abuse at the Chicken Plant" 3297: 3263: 3195: 3048: 2996: 2970: 2931:Occupational Safety and Health Administration 2776: 2735:Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 2225:"The Misanthropic Argument for Anti-natalism" 2124: 2015: 1886: 1568: 1555: 1529: 1527: 1387: 1385: 1383: 1381: 1379: 1377: 1375: 1179:Labor rights in American meatpacking industry 412: 3874:Moral status of animals in the ancient world 3578: 3552: 3422: 3344: 3146: 2639: 2637: 2522: 2516: 2410: 2408: 2406: 1551: 1549: 1373: 1371: 1369: 1367: 1365: 1363: 1361: 1359: 1357: 1355: 1051:spreading of diseases from animals to humans 474:and other animal products), clothing (e.g., 5841:Animal Defence and Anti-Vivisection Society 5785:People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals 3812:Topics (overviews, concepts, issues, cases) 3745: 3103: 3097: 2722: 2680: 2583: 2208: 2110:3rd ISA Forum of Sociology, Vienna, Austria 2097: 1470: 1468: 1466: 1464: 1462: 1299: 678:in factories and how it further influenced 6655: 6641: 3791: 3777: 2842: 2695: 2294: 2073: 1959:Núria Almiron and Natalie Khazaal (2016). 1791: 1749: 1524: 419: 405: 5988:Media (books, films, periodicals, albums) 5925:Human Environment Animal Protection Party 3674:Matsuoka, Atsuko; Sorenson, John (2018). 3221: 3129: 3080: 2919: 2874: 2814: 2782: 2634: 2548: 2492: 2403: 2382: 2241:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199378111.003.0002 2181: 2103: 2042: 2032: 1869: 1845: 1719:. In Helen E. Lees; Nel Noddings (eds.). 1613: 1546: 1352: 1120: 6046:Evolutional Ethics and Animal Psychology 4298:Pain and suffering in laboratory animals 3604: 3522: 3396: 3298:Newkey-Burden, Chas (19 November 2018). 3238: 3022: 2944: 2487:(1). University of Wollongong: 240–272. 2257: 1496: 1459: 1431: 1324: 1038:, testaments of scientists, and growing 1018: 923: 842: 692: 592: 18: 3889:Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare 3584: 3558: 3428: 3350: 3319: 3152: 2686: 2219: 1592:(3). Oxford University Press: 607–626. 1403:; Richard Kahn; Anthony J. Nocella II; 6947: 3966:Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness 3696: 3034:The Bureau of Investigative Journalism 2848: 2701: 2589: 2328: 2300: 2016:Thirukkumaran, Meneka Rosanna (2017). 1797: 1755: 1579: 1391: 990:male chicks killed in the egg industry 831:mode of production." In his 2011 book 6636: 6182:Political Animals and Animal Politics 5986: 5770:Massachusetts Animal Rights Coalition 5695:Centre for Animals and Social Justice 5596: 4572: 4102:Concentrated animal feeding operation 3879:Timeline of animal welfare and rights 3834:Animal rights by country or territory 3810: 3772: 3610: 3490:Fitzgerald, A. J.; Kalof, L. (2009). 3002: 2820: 2643: 2414: 2074:Stachowski, Kathleen (12 June 2012). 1851: 1762:Social Sciences & Humanities Open 1502: 1474: 1437: 1287:World Scientists' Warning to Humanity 1257:Concentrated animal feeding operation 833:Critical Theory and Animal Liberation 5913:Animalist Party with the Environment 4195:Animal testing on non-human primates 3746:Taylor, Nik; Twine, Richard (2014). 3429:Lebwohl, Michael (25 January 2016). 3351:Dillard, Jennifer (September 2007). 2950: 2263: 1911: 1061:. whose origin can be traced to the 613:, transnational order of increasing 502:), tourism and entertainment (e.g., 6662: 6337:Peaceable Kingdom: The Journey Home 4542:World Day for the End of Speciesism 3636: 3559:Waldman, Peter (29 December 2017). 3376: 2889:Association of American Geographers 2303:"A Haven From the Animal Holocaust" 1651:The Rise of Critical Animal Studies 1486:Journal for Critical Animal Studies 1090:commodification of nonhuman animals 1078:Commodification of nonhuman animals 446:, such as the food industry (e.g., 444:economic activity involving animals 13: 6462:Relations. Beyond Anthropocentrism 5805:United Activists for Animal Rights 5715:Doctors Against Animal Experiments 3849:Animal cruelty–Holocaust analogies 3660: 1586:The British Journal of Criminology 920:Holocaust analogy in animal rights 744:military-animal industrial complex 14: 6976: 6006:On Abstinence from Eating Animals 5966:Animal Rights National Conference 5889:Animal Protection Party of Canada 5846:Canadian Anti-Vivisection Society 5700:Chinese Animal Protection Network 5625:American Anti-Vivisection Society 5099:Johann Friedrich Ludwig Volckmann 3854:Animal rights in Indian religions 3844:Animal rights and punk subculture 3798: 3611:Varia, Nisha (11 December 2010). 3104:McLean, D; Cheng, S (June 2004). 2104:Boscardin, Livia (12 July 2016). 928:Male chicks prepared to be killed 883:pharmaceutical–industrial complex 873:, the meat and dairy industries, 6932: 6920: 6859: 6613: 6612: 6174:Animal Rights Without Liberation 5825:Voice for Animals Humane Society 4552:World Day for the End of Fishing 4547:World Day for Laboratory Animals 3977:Equal consideration of interests 3699:Animal Oppression and Capitalism 3003:Lewis, Cora (18 February 2018). 2821:Reese, Jacy (16 November 2018). 2741:(11). SAGE Journals: 2682–2699. 2329:Kevany, Sophie (June 15, 2022). 2301:Hedges, Chris (August 3, 2015). 1055:bovine spongiform encephalopathy 865:The AIC is implicated in animal 386: 56: 5895:Animal Justice Party of Finland 5780:Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics 4989:Karl Christian Friedrich Krause 4577:(academics, writers, activists) 4470:Monkey selfie copyright dispute 3585:Grabell, Michael (1 May 2017). 3402: 2430:(1). SAGE Publications: 26–51. 2348: 2322: 1262:Golden Triangle of Meat-packing 6118:Animals, Property, and the Law 4190:Alternatives to animal testing 3859:Christianity and animal rights 3496:Organization & Environment 3377:S, Serina; hu (2 March 2018). 3061:Italian Journal of Food Safety 2951:Lowe, Peggy (11 August 2016). 2424:Organization & Environment 1852:Nimmo, Richie (6 March 2015). 1197:. On average, one employee of 1094:Education for Total Liberation 1023:Dead infant pigs at a hog farm 730:Contributors to the 2013 book 666:treatment of animals with the 541: 490:), labor and transport (e.g., 1: 5755:Korea Animal Rights Advocates 4460:Cambridge University primates 3992:Ethics of uncertain sentience 3435:The Yale Global Health Review 2897:10.1080/2325548x.2015.1015914 2783:Torssonen, Sami (Fall 2015). 1971:(3). SAGE Journals: 256–275. 1965:American Behavioral Scientist 1292: 838: 466:(e.g., academic, industrial, 6885:List of domesticated animals 5815:UPF-Centre for Animal Ethics 3960:Argument from marginal cases 3271:"PTSD in the Slaughterhouse" 2541:10.1016/j.molmed.2020.02.008 2529:Trends in Molecular Medicine 1733:10.1057/978-1-137-41291-1_27 1267:List of industrial complexes 908:Food and Drug Administration 750:Relationship with speciesism 7: 6102:Morals, Reason, and Animals 5730:Farm Animal Rights Movement 5680:Anonymous for the Voiceless 4364:International primate trade 3839:Anarchism and animal rights 3697:Nibert, David, ed. (2017). 2687:Robbins, Louise E. (1998). 1240: 1173:Negative effects on workers 1084:Commodity status of animals 992:, marine animals killed as 564:military–industrial complex 10: 6981: 6222:Making a Stand for Animals 6094:The Case for Animal Rights 5745:Hunt Saboteurs Association 5705:Cruelty Free International 5675:Anti-Vivisection Coalition 4200:Animal testing regulations 2612:10.1038/d41586-021-00865-8 2082:. Encyclopaedia Britannica 1756:Arcari, Paula (May 2020). 1580:Beirne, Piers (May 2021). 1176: 1081: 917: 887:medical–industrial complex 753: 6868: 6857: 6670: 6608: 6581: 6528: 6478: 6418: 6411: 6377:The Ghosts in Our Machine 6232: 6214:Animal Ethics in the Wild 5997: 5993: 5982: 5958: 5869: 5833: 5650:Animal Legal Defense Fund 5617: 5610: 5606: 5592: 5429: 5148: 5141: 4944:William Hamilton Drummond 4886: 4595: 4586: 4582: 4568: 4529: 4508: 4447: 4397: 4339: 4311: 4303:Welfare of farmed insects 4248: 4180: 4072: 4065: 3930:Animal–industrial complex 3897: 3821: 3817: 3806: 3153:Eisnitz, Gail A. (1997). 2860:Columbia University Press 2702:Wilkie, Rhoda M. (2010). 2027:. University of Calgary. 1871:10.52537/humanimalia.9909 1816:10.1163/15685306-12341563 913: 891:prison–industrial complex 579:prison–industrial complex 548:animal–industrial complex 520:animals held in captivity 432:Animal–industrial complex 170:Animal–industrial complex 6455:Journal of Animal Ethics 6321:Your Mommy Kills Animals 5710:Direct Action Everywhere 5114:Johann Heinrich Winckler 5059:Nathaniel Peabody Rogers 4516:Direct Action Everywhere 4220:Huntingdon Life Sciences 4205:Labcorp Drug Development 4162:Feedback (pork industry) 4127:Intensive animal farming 3864:History of animal rights 3680:Rowman & Littlefield 3508:10.1177/1350508416629456 3469:10.1177/1350508416629456 2436:10.1177/0921810697101007 1977:10.1177/0002764215613402 1931:Rowman & Littlefield 1415:Rowman & Littlefield 1012:, Gerardo Ceballos, and 1004:, have described as an " 560:Humans and Other Animals 550:was coined by the Dutch 6590:Holocaust on your Plate 6361:An Apology to Elephants 6142:Do Animals Have Rights? 6078:Animals, Men and Morals 6054:Better-World Philosophy 5931:Italian Animalist Party 5810:United Poultry Concerns 5765:Last Chance for Animals 5660:Animal Liberation Front 5547:Maud Ingersoll Probasco 4032:Replaceability argument 3950:Animal-free agriculture 3331:School of Public Health 3122:10.1136/oem.2003.010587 2877:The AAG Review of Books 2233:Oxford University Press 1325:Sorenson, John (2014). 877:, poultry, apiculture, 736:critical animal studies 697:In the slaughterhouse, 632:intensive factory farms 626:from 1865 and the post– 552:cultural anthropologist 532:artificial insemination 6955:Animal rights movement 6563:Salvation of Innocents 6110:Zoos and Animal Rights 5685:Beauty Without Cruelty 5645:Animal Justice Project 4979:John Zephaniah Holwell 4633:Stephen St. C. Bostock 4210:Great ape research ban 3829:Animal rights movement 3670:. Abingdon: Routledge. 3565:Bloomberg Businessweek 3073:10.4081/ijfs.2018.7053 2481:Animal Studies Journal 2375:10.1098/rstb.2021.0378 1723:(1 ed.). London: 1219: 1159:Southern United States 1121:Exploitation of humans 1053:such as the spread of 1044:animal rights activism 1024: 929: 861: 740:critical peace studies 728: 702: 500:remote control animals 32: 6880:Human uses of animals 6757:Search and rescue dog 6582:Fairs and exhibitions 6469:The Animals' Defender 6441:Cahiers antispécistes 6369:Speciesism: The Movie 6190:Animal (De)liberation 6150:Striking at the Roots 6062:The Universal Kinship 6022:The Rights of Animals 5943:People Animals Nature 5937:Party for the Animals 5750:In Defense of Animals 5512:Nina Douglas-Hamilton 4899:David Renaud Boullier 4485:Silver Spring monkeys 4384:Wild animal suffering 4293:Pain in invertebrates 4132:Intensive pig farming 4022:Opposition to hunting 3987:Ethics of eating meat 3214:10.3402/qhw.v11.30266 2957:National Public Radio 2494:10.14453/asj.v10i1.10 2278:10.1057/9781137440723 2264:Best, Steven (2014). 2174:10.1093/biosci/bix125 1810:(5). Brill: 545–550. 1804:Society & Animals 1798:Porter, Pete (2018). 1664:10.4324/9780203797631 1282:Meat packing industry 1208: 1177:Further information: 1022: 927: 846: 723: 696: 630:developments such as 593:Origin and properties 22: 6960:Industrial complexes 6747:Military working dog 6198:Sentientist Politics 6126:The Lives of Animals 5877:Animal Justice Party 5690:Born Free Foundation 5527:Lizzy Lind af Hageby 5401:Wendy Turner-Webster 5109:Adam Gottlieb Weigen 4331:Recreational fishing 4172:Ventilation shutdown 3940:Animal protectionism 3920:Animal consciousness 3613:"Rights on the Line" 2885:Taylor & Francis 2112:. ISAConf.confex.com 2034:10.11575/PRISM/28421 1770:10.2139/ssrn.3599772 1727:. pp. 415–430. 1417:. pp. 197–209. 1063:wet markets in China 951:Dwight D. Eisenhower 575:industrial complexes 442:. It includes every 308:Animal protectionism 6622:( 139 ) 6448:Etica & Animali 6434:Between the Species 6158:An American Trilogy 5851:Humanitarian League 5462:Frances Power Cobbe 5074:Arthur Schopenhauer 5069:Henry Stephens Salt 4949:Edward Payson Evans 4643:Stephen R. L. Clark 4500:War of the currents 4389:Wildlife management 4283:Pain in crustaceans 4278:Pain in cephalopods 3157:. Prometheus Books. 2604:2021Natur.592..173M 2193:on 15 December 2019 1933:. pp. ix–xxv. 1598:10.1093/bjc/azaa084 978:Holocene extinction 970:ocean acidification 960:A part of the AIC, 684:concentration camps 640:xenotransplantation 470:), medicine (e.g., 6965:Animals and humans 6385:Unlocking the Cage 6206:Wild Animal Ethics 6030:The Ethics of Diet 5907:Animalist Movement 5883:Animal Politics EU 5795:Sentience Politics 5421:That Vegan Teacher 5034:Siobhan O'Sullivan 5019:José Ferrater Mora 4828:Steve F. Sapontzis 4321:Commercial fishing 4273:Pain in amphibians 4263:Cruelty to animals 4235:Operation Backfire 4074:Animal agriculture 3982:Emotion in animals 3703:Praeger Publishing 3639:"Live on the Live" 3637:Grabell, Michael. 3617:Human Rights Watch 3276:The Texas Observer 2270:Palgrave Macmillan 1725:Palgrave Macmillan 1642:Fitzgerald, Amy J. 1231:Human Rights Watch 1137:indigenous peoples 1025: 930: 871:animal agriculture 862: 703: 676:assembling of cars 636:industrial fishing 524:selective breeding 393:Animals portal 33: 6908: 6907: 6630: 6629: 6623: 6604: 6603: 6600: 6599: 6571:Onward to Freedom 6539:Animal Liberation 6524: 6523: 6345:Forks Over Knives 6297:Peaceable Kingdom 6257:Shores of Silence 6249:A Cow at My Table 6134:Eternal Treblinka 6086:Animal Liberation 5978: 5977: 5974: 5973: 5865: 5864: 5800:Uncaged Campaigns 5775:Mercy for Animals 5740:Great Ape Project 5655:Animal Liberation 5601:(groups, parties) 5588: 5587: 5584: 5583: 5580: 5579: 5487:Elizabeth Farians 5396:Christine Townend 5336:Heather Nicholson 5261:Brigitte Gothière 5251:Antoine Goetschel 5137: 5136: 4798:Charles Patterson 4703:Gary L. Francione 4678:Josephine Donovan 4668:Daniel Dombrowski 4648:Alasdair Cochrane 4564: 4563: 4560: 4559: 4443: 4442: 4374:Predation problem 4258:Animal euthanasia 4167:Foam depopulation 4002:Insects in ethics 3731:978-1-4331-2136-4 3689:978-1-78660-647-1 3279:. 7 February 2012 3177:. 30 January 2019 2715:978-1-59213-648-3 2665:978-1-4331-5789-9 2598:(7853): 173–174. 2168:(12): 1026–1028. 1742:978-1-137-41290-4 1673:978-0-20379-763-1 1517:978-1-84407-830-1 1452:978-18-530-5054-1 1338:978-1-55130-563-9 1252:Animal liberation 1216:Gail A. Eisnitz, 1114:Jacy Reese Anthis 1059:COVID-19 pandemic 974:biodiversity loss 856:the production of 825:non-human animals 797:Amy J. Fitzgerald 659:Eternal Treblinka 654:Charles Patterson 558:in her 1989 book 429: 428: 273:Companion animals 23:Pigs confined in 6972: 6937: 6936: 6925: 6924: 6916: 6863: 6657: 6650: 6643: 6634: 6633: 6621: 6616: 6615: 6427:Animal Sentience 6416: 6415: 6281:Legally Blonde 2 6241:The Animals Film 5995: 5994: 5984: 5983: 5790:Rise for Animals 5615: 5614: 5608: 5607: 5594: 5593: 5457:Edith Carrington 5361:Craig Rosebraugh 5321:Virginia McKenna 5311:Jo-Anne McArthur 5241:Juliet Gellatley 5146: 5145: 5104:Mary Anne Warren 5044:Humphrey Primatt 5029:Edward Nicholson 4999:Charles R. Magel 4964:Thomas G. Gentry 4823:Richard D. Ryder 4763:Thomas Lepeltier 4593: 4592: 4584: 4583: 4570: 4569: 4537:World Animal Day 4495:Unnecessary Fuss 4455:Brown Dog affair 4425:Animals in sport 4415:Animal slaughter 4410:Animal sacrifice 4349:Culling wildlife 4152:Wildlife farming 4070: 4069: 3915:Animal cognition 3884:Total liberation 3819: 3818: 3808: 3807: 3793: 3786: 3779: 3770: 3769: 3765: 3735: 3716: 3693: 3654: 3653: 3651: 3649: 3634: 3628: 3627: 3625: 3623: 3608: 3602: 3601: 3599: 3597: 3582: 3576: 3575: 3573: 3571: 3556: 3550: 3549: 3547: 3545: 3536:. 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Archived from 1638: 1627: 1626: 1624: 1622: 1617: 1577: 1566: 1565: 1553: 1544: 1543: 1531: 1522: 1521: 1500: 1494: 1493: 1483: 1472: 1457: 1456: 1435: 1429: 1428: 1389: 1350: 1349: 1347: 1345: 1322: 1217: 1163:Brazilian Amazon 1006:animal holocaust 986:mass extinctions 893:, and so forth. 795:, and so forth. 716:human population 554:and philosopher 468:animals in space 421: 414: 407: 391: 390: 351:Environmentalism 78:Around the world 60: 50: 35: 34: 25:gestation crates 6980: 6979: 6975: 6974: 6973: 6971: 6970: 6969: 6945: 6944: 6943: 6931: 6919: 6911: 6909: 6904: 6895:Military animal 6864: 6855: 6666: 6664:Working animals 6661: 6631: 6626: 6596: 6577: 6520: 6501:Muutoksen kevät 6474: 6407: 6313:Behind the Mask 6228: 6038:Animals' Rights 5989: 5970: 5954: 5861: 5829: 5602: 5576: 5437:Cleveland Amory 5425: 5391:Darren Thurston 5386:Marianne Thieme 5236:Bruce Friedrich 5201:Joey Carbstrong 5186:Brigitte Bardot 5133: 5124:Jon Wynne-Tyson 5014:J. Howard Moore 4959:John Galsworthy 4939:Wilhelm Dietler 4882: 4878:Corey Lee Wrenn 4788:Martha Nussbaum 4698:Lawrence Finsen 4638:Paola Cavalieri 4613:Kristin Andrews 4588: 4578: 4556: 4525: 4504: 4439: 4393: 4335: 4307: 4268:Pain in animals 4244: 4176: 4142:Poultry farming 4061: 3893: 3813: 3802: 3797: 3762: 3732: 3713: 3690: 3682:International. 3663: 3661:Further reading 3658: 3657: 3647: 3645: 3635: 3631: 3621: 3619: 3609: 3605: 3595: 3593: 3583: 3579: 3569: 3567: 3557: 3553: 3543: 3541: 3528: 3527: 3523: 3488: 3484: 3453: 3449: 3439: 3437: 3427: 3423: 3413: 3411: 3401: 3397: 3387: 3385: 3375: 3371: 3361: 3359: 3349: 3345: 3335: 3333: 3325: 3324: 3320: 3310: 3308: 3296: 3292: 3282: 3280: 3269: 3268: 3264: 3254: 3252: 3244: 3243: 3239: 3194: 3190: 3180: 3178: 3174:The Independent 3167: 3166: 3162: 3151: 3147: 3102: 3098: 3053: 3049: 3039: 3037: 3028: 3027: 3023: 3013: 3011: 3001: 2997: 2987: 2985: 2976: 2975: 2971: 2961: 2959: 2949: 2945: 2935: 2933: 2925: 2924: 2920: 2870: 2862:. p. 226. 2847: 2843: 2833: 2831: 2819: 2815: 2805: 2803: 2781: 2777: 2767: 2765: 2727: 2723: 2716: 2700: 2696: 2685: 2681: 2666: 2642: 2635: 2588: 2584: 2571: 2570: 2566: 2521: 2517: 2507: 2505: 2473: 2466: 2456: 2454: 2416:Adams, Carol J. 2413: 2404: 2353: 2349: 2339: 2337: 2327: 2323: 2313: 2311: 2299: 2295: 2288: 2262: 2258: 2251: 2218: 2209: 2196: 2194: 2190: 2155: 2149: 2145: 2137: 2129: 2125: 2115: 2113: 2102: 2098: 2085: 2083: 2072: 2059: 2049: 2047: 2020: 2014: 2007: 1997: 1995: 1957: 1948: 1941: 1910: 1887: 1850: 1846: 1836: 1834: 1796: 1792: 1782: 1780: 1754: 1750: 1743: 1713: 1692: 1683: 1681: 1674: 1639: 1630: 1620: 1618: 1578: 1569: 1562:Lexington Books 1558:Animals and War 1554: 1547: 1540:Lexington Books 1536:Animals and War 1532: 1525: 1518: 1501: 1497: 1473: 1460: 1453: 1445:. Pluto Press. 1436: 1432: 1425: 1390: 1353: 1343: 1341: 1339: 1323: 1300: 1295: 1243: 1218: 1215: 1181: 1175: 1123: 1086: 1080: 1040:direct evidence 1036:animal advocacy 1028:Animal research 1014:Paul R. Ehrlich 949:Borrowing from 941:violations and 922: 916: 841: 758: 752: 734:, which linked 732:Animals and War 624:slaughterhouses 595: 546:The expression 544: 492:working animals 425: 385: 378: 377: 341: 333: 332: 298: 290: 289: 165: 157: 156: 130: 120: 119: 68: 48: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6978: 6968: 6967: 6962: 6957: 6942: 6941: 6929: 6906: 6905: 6903: 6902: 6897: 6892: 6887: 6882: 6876: 6875: 6873: 6872:Related topics 6869: 6866: 6865: 6858: 6856: 6854: 6853: 6848: 6843: 6838: 6833: 6828: 6823: 6822: 6821: 6816: 6811: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6786: 6781: 6776: 6775: 6774: 6769: 6764: 6759: 6754: 6749: 6744: 6739: 6734: 6729: 6724: 6719: 6714: 6709: 6707:Assistance dog 6699: 6698: 6697: 6692: 6690:Bactrian camel 6682: 6677: 6675:Asian elephant 6671: 6668: 6667: 6660: 6659: 6652: 6645: 6637: 6628: 6627: 6625: 6624: 6609: 6606: 6605: 6602: 6601: 6598: 6597: 6595: 6594: 6585: 6583: 6579: 6578: 6576: 6575: 6567: 6559: 6551: 6543: 6534: 6532: 6526: 6525: 6522: 6521: 6519: 6518: 6511: 6504: 6497: 6490: 6482: 6480: 6476: 6475: 6473: 6472: 6465: 6458: 6451: 6444: 6437: 6430: 6422: 6420: 6413: 6409: 6408: 6406: 6405: 6397: 6389: 6381: 6373: 6365: 6357: 6349: 6341: 6333: 6325: 6317: 6309: 6301: 6293: 6285: 6277: 6273:Meet Your Meat 6269: 6261: 6253: 6245: 6236: 6234: 6230: 6229: 6227: 6226: 6218: 6210: 6202: 6194: 6186: 6178: 6170: 6162: 6154: 6146: 6138: 6130: 6122: 6114: 6106: 6098: 6090: 6082: 6074: 6070:The New Ethics 6066: 6058: 6050: 6042: 6034: 6026: 6018: 6010: 6001: 5999: 5991: 5990: 5980: 5979: 5976: 5975: 5972: 5971: 5969: 5968: 5962: 5960: 5956: 5955: 5953: 5952: 5946: 5940: 5934: 5928: 5922: 5916: 5910: 5904: 5901:Animals' Party 5898: 5892: 5886: 5880: 5873: 5871: 5867: 5866: 5863: 5862: 5860: 5859: 5854: 5848: 5843: 5837: 5835: 5831: 5830: 5828: 5827: 5822: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5797: 5792: 5787: 5782: 5777: 5772: 5767: 5762: 5757: 5752: 5747: 5742: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5712: 5707: 5702: 5697: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5670:AnimaNaturalis 5667: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5640:Animal Justice 5637: 5632: 5627: 5621: 5619: 5612: 5604: 5603: 5590: 5589: 5586: 5585: 5582: 5581: 5578: 5577: 5575: 5574: 5572:Gretchen Wyler 5569: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5549: 5544: 5539: 5534: 5529: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5509: 5504: 5502:Lewis Gompertz 5499: 5494: 5492:Emarel Freshel 5489: 5484: 5482:Muriel Dowding 5479: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5459: 5454: 5449: 5444: 5439: 5433: 5431: 5427: 5426: 5424: 5423: 5418: 5416:Gary Yourofsky 5413: 5408: 5403: 5398: 5393: 5388: 5383: 5378: 5373: 5368: 5363: 5358: 5353: 5348: 5343: 5338: 5333: 5331:Ingrid Newkirk 5328: 5323: 5318: 5313: 5308: 5303: 5298: 5293: 5288: 5283: 5278: 5273: 5271:Charlotte Laws 5268: 5263: 5258: 5253: 5248: 5243: 5238: 5233: 5228: 5223: 5218: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5196:Yves Bonnardel 5193: 5188: 5183: 5178: 5173: 5171:Martin Balluch 5168: 5163: 5158: 5152: 5150: 5143: 5139: 5138: 5135: 5134: 5132: 5131: 5126: 5121: 5119:Steven M. Wise 5116: 5111: 5106: 5101: 5096: 5091: 5086: 5081: 5076: 5071: 5066: 5064:Bernard Rollin 5061: 5056: 5051: 5046: 5041: 5036: 5031: 5026: 5024:Leonard Nelson 5021: 5016: 5011: 5006: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4986: 4981: 4976: 4971: 4966: 4961: 4956: 4951: 4946: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4929:Herman Daggett 4926: 4921: 4919:Priscilla Cohn 4916: 4911: 4906: 4901: 4896: 4894:Jeremy Bentham 4890: 4888: 4884: 4883: 4881: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4835: 4830: 4825: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4808:Jessica Pierce 4805: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4780: 4775: 4770: 4765: 4760: 4755: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4738:Kyle Johannsen 4735: 4730: 4725: 4720: 4715: 4710: 4705: 4700: 4695: 4690: 4685: 4680: 4675: 4670: 4665: 4663:David DeGrazia 4660: 4655: 4650: 4645: 4640: 4635: 4630: 4625: 4620: 4615: 4610: 4605: 4603:Carol J. Adams 4599: 4597: 4590: 4580: 4579: 4566: 4565: 4562: 4561: 4558: 4557: 4555: 4554: 4549: 4544: 4539: 4533: 4531: 4527: 4526: 4524: 4523: 4518: 4512: 4510: 4506: 4505: 4503: 4502: 4497: 4492: 4487: 4482: 4477: 4475:Pit of despair 4472: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4451: 4449: 4445: 4444: 4441: 4440: 4438: 4437: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4412: 4407: 4405:Abandoned pets 4401: 4399: 4395: 4394: 4392: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4371: 4366: 4361: 4356: 4351: 4345: 4343: 4337: 4336: 4334: 4333: 4328: 4323: 4317: 4315: 4309: 4308: 4306: 4305: 4300: 4295: 4290: 4285: 4280: 4275: 4270: 4265: 4260: 4254: 4252: 4250:Animal welfare 4246: 4245: 4243: 4242: 4237: 4232: 4227: 4225:Model organism 4222: 4217: 4212: 4207: 4202: 4197: 4192: 4186: 4184: 4182:Animal testing 4178: 4177: 4175: 4174: 4169: 4164: 4159: 4157:Working animal 4154: 4149: 4147:Slaughterhouse 4144: 4139: 4134: 4129: 4124: 4122:Insect farming 4119: 4114: 4109: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4089: 4084: 4082:Animal product 4078: 4076: 4067: 4063: 4062: 4060: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4039: 4037:Sentiocentrism 4034: 4029: 4024: 4019: 4014: 4009: 4004: 3999: 3994: 3989: 3984: 3979: 3974: 3969: 3962: 3957: 3952: 3947: 3945:Animal welfare 3942: 3937: 3932: 3927: 3922: 3917: 3912: 3907: 3901: 3899: 3895: 3894: 3892: 3891: 3886: 3881: 3876: 3871: 3866: 3861: 3856: 3851: 3846: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3825: 3823: 3815: 3814: 3804: 3803: 3796: 3795: 3788: 3781: 3773: 3767: 3766: 3760: 3743: 3730: 3717: 3712:978-1440850738 3711: 3694: 3688: 3671: 3662: 3659: 3656: 3655: 3629: 3603: 3591:The New Yorker 3577: 3551: 3540:on 25 May 2019 3521: 3502:(2): 158–184. 3482: 3463:(3): 351–369. 3447: 3421: 3403:Fox, Katrina. 3395: 3369: 3343: 3318: 3290: 3262: 3237: 3188: 3160: 3145: 3116:(6): 541–547. 3096: 3047: 3036:. 29 July 2018 3021: 2995: 2969: 2943: 2918: 2869:978-0231151894 2868: 2841: 2813: 2775: 2747:10.1068/a45692 2721: 2714: 2694: 2679: 2664: 2656:10.3726/b14204 2633: 2582: 2564: 2535:(5): 483–495. 2515: 2464: 2402: 2347: 2321: 2293: 2287:978-1137471116 2286: 2256: 2250:978-0199378128 2249: 2235:. p. 44. 2221:Benatar, David 2207: 2143: 2123: 2096: 2080:Britannica.com 2057: 2005: 1946: 1940:978-0739136980 1939: 1885: 1844: 1790: 1748: 1741: 1690: 1672: 1654:(1 ed.). 1628: 1567: 1545: 1523: 1516: 1504:Twine, Richard 1495: 1476:Twine, Richard 1458: 1451: 1439:Noske, Barbara 1430: 1424:978-0739136980 1423: 1351: 1337: 1297: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1290: 1289: 1284: 1279: 1274: 1269: 1264: 1259: 1254: 1249: 1242: 1239: 1213: 1174: 1171: 1151:Conagra Brands 1142:slaughterhouse 1122: 1119: 1101:Louise Robbins 1092:. In the book 1082:Main article: 1079: 1076: 1067:Carol J. Adams 966:climate change 935:dairy industry 915: 912: 840: 837: 805:discrimination 793:wildlife trade 754:Main article: 751: 748: 712:Attila the Hun 646:'s 1906 novel 644:Upton Sinclair 620:its stockyards 594: 591: 577:, such as the 543: 540: 536:animal cruelty 516:trophy hunting 496:animals in war 464:animal testing 427: 426: 424: 423: 416: 409: 401: 398: 397: 396: 395: 380: 379: 376: 375: 370: 365: 360: 359: 358: 348: 342: 340:Related topics 339: 338: 335: 334: 331: 330: 325: 323:Sentiocentrism 320: 315: 310: 305: 299: 296: 295: 292: 291: 288: 287: 286: 285: 280: 270: 269: 268: 263: 258: 248: 247: 246: 239:Animal testing 236: 235: 234: 229: 224: 214: 213: 212: 207: 202: 197: 187: 182: 177: 172: 166: 163: 162: 159: 158: 155: 154: 149: 148: 147: 142: 131: 126: 125: 122: 121: 118: 117: 116: 115: 108:Primate rights 105: 100: 95: 93:Animal cruelty 90: 85: 80: 75: 73:Animal welfare 69: 66: 65: 62: 61: 53: 52: 44: 43: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6977: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6958: 6956: 6953: 6952: 6950: 6940: 6935: 6930: 6928: 6923: 6918: 6917: 6914: 6901: 6898: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6886: 6883: 6881: 6878: 6877: 6874: 6871: 6870: 6867: 6862: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6846:Water buffalo 6844: 6842: 6839: 6837: 6834: 6832: 6829: 6827: 6824: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6791: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6773: 6770: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6758: 6755: 6753: 6750: 6748: 6745: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6735: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6712:Detection dog 6710: 6708: 6705: 6704: 6703: 6700: 6696: 6693: 6691: 6688: 6687: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6678: 6676: 6673: 6672: 6669: 6665: 6658: 6653: 6651: 6646: 6644: 6639: 6638: 6635: 6619: 6611: 6610: 6607: 6592: 6591: 6587: 6586: 6584: 6580: 6573: 6572: 6568: 6565: 6564: 6560: 6557: 6556: 6552: 6549: 6548: 6547:Tame Yourself 6544: 6541: 6540: 6536: 6535: 6533: 6531: 6527: 6517: 6516: 6512: 6510: 6509: 6508:No Compromise 6505: 6503: 6502: 6498: 6496: 6495: 6491: 6489: 6488: 6484: 6483: 6481: 6477: 6471: 6470: 6466: 6464: 6463: 6459: 6457: 6456: 6452: 6450: 6449: 6445: 6443: 6442: 6438: 6436: 6435: 6431: 6429: 6428: 6424: 6423: 6421: 6417: 6414: 6410: 6403: 6402: 6398: 6395: 6394: 6390: 6387: 6386: 6382: 6379: 6378: 6374: 6371: 6370: 6366: 6363: 6362: 6358: 6355: 6354: 6350: 6347: 6346: 6342: 6339: 6338: 6334: 6331: 6330: 6326: 6323: 6322: 6318: 6315: 6314: 6310: 6307: 6306: 6302: 6299: 6298: 6294: 6291: 6290: 6286: 6283: 6282: 6278: 6275: 6274: 6270: 6267: 6266: 6262: 6259: 6258: 6254: 6251: 6250: 6246: 6243: 6242: 6238: 6237: 6235: 6231: 6224: 6223: 6219: 6216: 6215: 6211: 6208: 6207: 6203: 6200: 6199: 6195: 6192: 6191: 6187: 6184: 6183: 6179: 6176: 6175: 6171: 6168: 6167: 6163: 6160: 6159: 6155: 6152: 6151: 6147: 6144: 6143: 6139: 6136: 6135: 6131: 6128: 6127: 6123: 6120: 6119: 6115: 6112: 6111: 6107: 6104: 6103: 6099: 6096: 6095: 6091: 6088: 6087: 6083: 6080: 6079: 6075: 6072: 6071: 6067: 6064: 6063: 6059: 6056: 6055: 6051: 6048: 6047: 6043: 6040: 6039: 6035: 6032: 6031: 6027: 6024: 6023: 6019: 6016: 6015: 6011: 6009:(3rd century) 6008: 6007: 6003: 6002: 6000: 5996: 5992: 5985: 5981: 5967: 5964: 5963: 5961: 5957: 5950: 5947: 5944: 5941: 5939:(Netherlands) 5938: 5935: 5932: 5929: 5926: 5923: 5920: 5917: 5914: 5911: 5908: 5905: 5902: 5899: 5896: 5893: 5890: 5887: 5884: 5881: 5878: 5875: 5874: 5872: 5868: 5858: 5855: 5852: 5849: 5847: 5844: 5842: 5839: 5838: 5836: 5832: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5665:Animal Rising 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5635:Animal Ethics 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5622: 5620: 5616: 5613: 5609: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5591: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5532:Jessie Mackay 5530: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5507:James Granger 5505: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5442:Henry B. Amos 5440: 5438: 5435: 5434: 5432: 5428: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5411:Louise Wallis 5409: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5384: 5382: 5379: 5377: 5376:Kim Stallwood 5374: 5372: 5371:Jasmin Singer 5369: 5367: 5366:Nathan Runkle 5364: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5354: 5352: 5351:David Olivier 5349: 5347: 5344: 5342: 5339: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5329: 5327: 5324: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5314: 5312: 5309: 5307: 5304: 5302: 5299: 5297: 5294: 5292: 5289: 5287: 5284: 5282: 5279: 5277: 5274: 5272: 5269: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5259: 5257: 5254: 5252: 5249: 5247: 5244: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5231:John Feldmann 5229: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5206:Aymeric Caron 5204: 5202: 5199: 5197: 5194: 5192: 5189: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5176:Carole Baskin 5174: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5159: 5157: 5154: 5153: 5151: 5147: 5144: 5140: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5122: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5112: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5079:Laurids Smith 5077: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5049:James Rachels 5047: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4994:John Lawrence 4992: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4955: 4952: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4942: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4907: 4905: 4904:Brigid Brophy 4902: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4891: 4889: 4885: 4879: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4868:Tatjana Višak 4866: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4858:David Sztybel 4856: 4854: 4853:Cass Sunstein 4851: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4836: 4834: 4831: 4829: 4826: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4818:Mark Rowlands 4816: 4814: 4813:Evelyn Pluhar 4811: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4768:Andrew Linzey 4766: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4753:Will Kymlicka 4751: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4733:Dale Jamieson 4731: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4716: 4714: 4713:Valéry Giroux 4711: 4709: 4708:Robert Garner 4706: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4673:Sue Donaldson 4671: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4653:J. M. Coetzee 4651: 4649: 4646: 4644: 4641: 4639: 4636: 4634: 4631: 4629: 4626: 4624: 4621: 4619: 4618:Tom Beauchamp 4616: 4614: 4611: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4601: 4600: 4598: 4594: 4591: 4585: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4567: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4534: 4532: 4528: 4522: 4521:Hunt sabotage 4519: 4517: 4514: 4513: 4511: 4509:Methodologies 4507: 4501: 4498: 4496: 4493: 4491: 4488: 4486: 4483: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4473: 4471: 4468: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4452: 4450: 4446: 4436: 4433: 4431: 4428: 4426: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4413: 4411: 4408: 4406: 4403: 4402: 4400: 4396: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4354:Hare coursing 4352: 4350: 4347: 4346: 4344: 4342: 4338: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4318: 4316: 4314: 4310: 4304: 4301: 4299: 4296: 4294: 4291: 4289: 4286: 4284: 4281: 4279: 4276: 4274: 4271: 4269: 4266: 4264: 4261: 4259: 4256: 4255: 4253: 4251: 4247: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4231: 4228: 4226: 4223: 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3826: 3824: 3820: 3816: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3800:Animal rights 3794: 3789: 3787: 3782: 3780: 3775: 3774: 3771: 3763: 3761:9781138125919 3757: 3753: 3749: 3744: 3742: 3738: 3733: 3727: 3723: 3718: 3714: 3708: 3704: 3700: 3695: 3691: 3685: 3681: 3677: 3672: 3669: 3665: 3664: 3644: 3643:Oxfam America 3640: 3633: 3618: 3614: 3607: 3592: 3588: 3581: 3566: 3562: 3555: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3525: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3486: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3451: 3436: 3432: 3425: 3410: 3406: 3399: 3384: 3380: 3373: 3358: 3354: 3347: 3332: 3328: 3322: 3307: 3306: 3301: 3294: 3278: 3277: 3272: 3266: 3251: 3247: 3241: 3233: 3229: 3224: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3192: 3176: 3175: 3170: 3164: 3156: 3149: 3141: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3100: 3092: 3088: 3083: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3051: 3035: 3031: 3025: 3010: 3009:Buzzfeed News 3006: 2999: 2984:. 5 July 2018 2983: 2979: 2973: 2958: 2954: 2947: 2932: 2928: 2927:"Meatpacking" 2922: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2871: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2856: 2851: 2850:Nibert, David 2845: 2830: 2829: 2824: 2817: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2779: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2725: 2717: 2711: 2707: 2706: 2698: 2690: 2683: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2648: 2640: 2638: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2586: 2578: 2574: 2568: 2560: 2556: 2551: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2519: 2504: 2500: 2495: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2471: 2469: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2411: 2409: 2407: 2399: 2394: 2390: 2385: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2363: 2358: 2351: 2336: 2332: 2325: 2310: 2309: 2304: 2297: 2289: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2260: 2252: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2216: 2214: 2212: 2204: 2189: 2184: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2162: 2154: 2147: 2136: 2135: 2127: 2111: 2107: 2100: 2093: 2081: 2077: 2070: 2068: 2066: 2064: 2062: 2045: 2040: 2035: 2030: 2026: 2019: 2012: 2010: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1955: 1953: 1951: 1942: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1927: 1922: 1921:Peter McLaren 1918: 1914: 1908: 1906: 1904: 1902: 1900: 1898: 1896: 1894: 1892: 1890: 1881: 1877: 1872: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1848: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1794: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1752: 1744: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1711: 1709: 1707: 1705: 1703: 1701: 1699: 1697: 1695: 1680:on 2021-12-30 1679: 1675: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1652: 1647: 1646:Richard Twine 1643: 1637: 1635: 1633: 1616: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1576: 1574: 1572: 1563: 1559: 1552: 1550: 1541: 1537: 1530: 1528: 1519: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1499: 1491: 1487: 1482: 1477: 1471: 1469: 1467: 1465: 1463: 1454: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1434: 1426: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1411: 1406: 1405:Peter McLaren 1402: 1398: 1394: 1393:Nibert, David 1388: 1386: 1384: 1382: 1380: 1378: 1376: 1374: 1372: 1370: 1368: 1366: 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4984:Soame Jenyns 4974:John Hildrop 4969:Arthur Helps 4934:Richard Dean 4909:Peter Buchan 4848:Gary Steiner 4843:Peter Singer 4838:Jérôme Segal 4803:David Pearce 4793:Clare Palmer 4783:David Nibert 4773:Clair Linzey 4683:Joan Dunayer 4608:Aysha Akhtar 4596:Contemporary 4465:McLibel case 4420:Animal trial 4379:Seal hunting 4341:Wild animals 4326:Fishing bait 4288:Pain in fish 4107:Fish farming 4087:Battery cage 4007:Meat paradox 3964: 3929: 3905:Abolitionism 3747: 3721: 3698: 3675: 3667: 3646:. 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Retrieved 1327: 1228: 1223:Organization 1222: 1220: 1209: 1190:The Guardian 1188: 1182: 1167: 1124: 1106: 1098: 1093: 1087: 1048: 1026: 1002:Chris Hedges 959: 948: 931: 896:Philosopher 895: 867:agribusiness 863: 832: 829: 761:Piers Beirne 759: 743: 731: 729: 724: 708: 704: 688:gas chambers 682:in building 680:Nazi Germany 657: 647: 628:World War II 596: 588: 583:David Nibert 568: 559: 547: 545: 528:pet industry 512:blood sports 435: 431: 430: 363:Deep ecology 303:Abolitionism 222:Bullfighting 185:Wild animals 169: 164:Animal abuse 6900:Pack animal 6819:Stock horse 6799:Guide horse 6794:Draft horse 6772:Therapy dog 6762:Service dog 6737:Hunting dog 6732:Herding dog 6717:Draught dog 6680:Bali cattle 6412:Periodicals 6289:The Meatrix 6265:The Witness 5879:(Australia) 5853:(1891–1919) 5735:Faunalytics 5562:Henry Spira 5552:Hans Ruesch 5542:Jill Phipps 5537:Norm Phelps 5517:Barry Horne 5477:Royal Dixon 5472:Karen Davis 5452:Ernest Bell 5346:Ric O'Barry 5341:Jack Norris 5306:Dan Mathews 5211:Jake Conroy 5181:Barbi Twins 5156:James Aspey 5094:Gary Varner 5084:John Styles 4924:Henry Crowe 4873:Paul Waldau 4863:Michael Tye 4758:Renan Larue 4743:Melanie Joy 4728:Oscar Horta 4723:John Hadley 4693:Catia Faria 4688:Mylan Engel 4658:Alice Crary 4628:Steven Best 4623:Marc Bekoff 4589:and writers 4530:Observances 4435:Live export 4369:Ivory trade 4240:Vivisection 4215:Green Scare 4112:Fur farming 4017:Open rescue 4012:Nonviolence 3534:PTSDJournal 3383:Inews.co.uk 3067:(2): 7053. 2789:Humanimalia 2457:7 September 2183:11336/71342 2140:, Rome: FAO 1864:(2): 1–20. 1858:Humanimalia 1492:(1): 12–39. 1401:Steven Best 1272:Live export 1199:Tyson Foods 1155:Tyson Foods 1128:aristocracy 1109:commodified 1072:meat eating 1032:vivisection 984:of all the 980:, the only 898:Steven Best 879:aquaculture 852:mulard duck 807:similar to 773:vivisection 542:Definitions 283:Abandonment 278:Puppy mills 266:Oceanariums 217:Bloodsports 190:Consumption 145:Vegetarians 113:in research 6949:Categories 6804:Pack horse 6752:Police dog 6401:Seaspiracy 6305:Earthlings 5945:(Portugal) 5919:DierAnimal 5834:Historical 5630:Animal Aid 5522:Marie Huot 5467:Joan Court 5447:Bob Barker 5430:Historical 5316:Luísa Mell 5296:Keith Mann 5291:Bill Maher 5276:Ronnie Lee 5246:Tal Gilboa 5221:Karen Dawn 5161:Greg Avery 5039:Rod Preece 4954:T. Forster 4914:Mona Caird 4887:Historical 4748:Hilda Kean 4718:Lori Gruen 4052:Vegaphobia 4042:Speciesism 3935:Animal law 3414:30 January 3409:Forbes.com 3388:30 January 3362:30 January 3336:30 January 3311:30 January 3283:30 January 3255:30 January 3181:30 January 2891:): 66–67. 2314:August 29, 2161:BioScience 2044:11023/3739 1684:2021-09-12 1560:. Lanham: 1538:. Lanham: 1293:References 964:including 918:See also: 903:Big Pharma 839:Components 821:neoliberal 817:capitalist 801:Nik Taylor 765:speciesism 763:considers 756:Speciesism 672:Henry Ford 649:The Jungle 611:neoliberal 603:capitalism 460:apiculture 328:Speciesism 180:Mutilation 6890:Livestock 6742:Mercy dog 6727:Guide dog 6722:Guard dog 6695:Dromedary 6555:Manifesto 6494:Bite Back 6479:Magazines 6353:Vegucated 5951:(Germany) 5949:V-Partei³ 5927:(Germany) 5921:(Belgium) 5897:(Finland) 5720:Equanimal 5326:Morrissey 5301:Jim Mason 5256:Mark Gold 5191:Gene Baur 5166:Matt Ball 5142:Activists 5054:Tom Regan 4833:Jeff Sebo 4778:Dan Lyons 4587:Academics 4575:Advocates 4430:Live food 4230:Nafovanny 4137:Livestock 4117:Fur trade 4092:Bile bear 4027:Personism 3822:Overviews 3752:Routledge 3741:1058-1634 3516:148368906 3477:148368906 3208:: 30266. 2913:154641458 2905:2325-548X 2801:2151-8645 2763:143733165 2755:1472-3409 2674:240272942 2628:232429241 2503:2201-3008 2197:10 August 2116:10 August 2086:10 August 2050:29 August 1998:10 August 1993:147298407 1985:0002-7642 1880:2151-8645 1832:150332354 1824:1568-5306 1778:225822910 1656:Routledge 1606:1464-3529 1344:7 October 943:cruelties 859:foie gras 714:. As the 668:Holocaust 373:Welfarism 318:Personism 251:Captivity 135:Advocates 6939:Politics 6841:Reindeer 6809:Pit pony 6767:Sled dog 6618:Category 6487:Arkangel 6419:Journals 6393:Dominion 6329:The Cove 5959:Activism 5903:(Sweden) 5891:(Canada) 5885:(Europe) 5599:Movement 5129:Voltaire 4047:Veganism 3997:Ethology 3898:Concepts 3232:27104340 3140:15150395 3091:30046554 2852:(2013). 2620:33785930 2559:32359479 2452:73275679 2444:26161653 2418:(1997). 2393:35757873 2369:(1857). 2340:June 16, 2308:Truthdig 2223:(2015). 1923:(eds.). 1915:(2011). 1648:(eds.). 1506:(2010). 1478:(2012). 1441:(1989). 1407:(eds.). 1395:(2011). 1241:See also 1214:— 664:compares 662:, which 368:Humanism 261:Circuses 244:Cosmetic 128:Movement 98:Veganism 88:Timeline 67:Overview 40:a series 38:Part of 6927:Animals 6913:Portals 5933:(Italy) 5915:(Spain) 5909:(Italy) 5870:Parties 4359:Hunting 4313:Fishing 3972:Carnism 3250:Npr.org 3223:4841092 3131:1763658 3082:6036995 2887:, LLC ( 2600:Bibcode 2550:7118693 2384:9237743 1615:7953978 1147:Cargill 994:bycatch 789:aquaria 781:fishing 777:hunting 526:(e.g., 476:leather 456:poultry 440:animals 356:Radical 313:Carnism 232:Fishing 227:Hunting 175:Killing 83:History 6779:Donkey 6620: 6593:(2003) 6574:(2014) 6566:(2014) 6558:(2008) 6550:(1991) 6542:(1987) 6530:Albums 6404:(2021) 6396:(2018) 6388:(2016) 6380:(2013) 6372:(2013) 6364:(2013) 6356:(2011) 6348:(2011) 6340:(2009) 6332:(2009) 6324:(2007) 6316:(2006) 6308:(2005) 6300:(2004) 6292:(2003) 6284:(2003) 6276:(2002) 6268:(2000) 6260:(2000) 6252:(1998) 6244:(1981) 6225:(2022) 6217:(2022) 6209:(2020) 6201:(2018) 6193:(2016) 6185:(2014) 6177:(2012) 6169:(2010) 6161:(2009) 6153:(2008) 6145:(2005) 6137:(2001) 6129:(1999) 6121:(1995) 6113:(1993) 6105:(1987) 6097:(1983) 6089:(1975) 6081:(1971) 6073:(1907) 6065:(1906) 6057:(1899) 6049:(1897) 6041:(1892) 6033:(1883) 6025:(1838) 6017:(1824) 5611:Groups 4066:Issues 3910:Ahimsa 3758: 3739: 3728: 3709: 3686: 3648:23 May 3622:23 May 3596:23 May 3570:23 May 3544:23 May 3514: 3475: 3440:23 May 3230: 3220: 3138: 3128: 3089: 3079: 3040:23 May 3014:23 May 2988:23 May 2962:23 May 2936:23 May 2911: 2903: 2866: 2834:17 May 2799: 2761: 2753: 2712: 2672: 2662: 2626: 2618: 2592:Nature 2557: 2547: 2501: 2450: 2442: 2391: 2381: 2284: 2247: 1991: 1983: 1937: 1878: 1830: 1822: 1776: 1739: 1670: 1612: 1604: 1514: 1449: 1421: 1335: 1247:Ag-gag 998:vegans 914:Impact 848:Gavage 813:sexism 809:racism 701:, 1893 638:, and 504:circus 210:Cattle 200:Horses 152:Groups 140:Vegans 6826:Llama 6789:Horse 6784:Gayal 6685:Camel 6515:Satya 6233:Films 5998:Books 5820:Viva! 4448:Cases 4398:Other 3512:S2CID 3473:S2CID 2909:S2CID 2883:(2). 2795:(1). 2759:S2CID 2670:S2CID 2624:S2CID 2448:S2CID 2440:JSTOR 2191:(PDF) 2156:(PDF) 2138:(PDF) 2021:(PDF) 1989:S2CID 1828:S2CID 1774:S2CID 1399:. 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