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1447:. 1721, p. 18. "Dorothy Thomas deposed, That she, being in a Canoa at Sea, with some Stock and Provisions, at the North-side of Jamaica, was taken by a Sloop, commanded by one Captain Rackam (as she afterwards heard;) who took out of the Canoa, most of the things that were in her; And further said, That the Two Women, Prisoners at the Bar, were then on Board the said Sloop, and wore Mens Jackets, and long Trouzer:, and Handkerchiefs tied about their Heads; and that each of them had a Machet and Pistol in their Hands, and cursed and swore at the Men, to murther the Deponent; and that they should kill her, to prevent her coming against them; and the Deponent further said, That the Reason of her knowing and believing them to be Women then was, by the largeness of their Breasts."
233:
a joke. The wife found the three silver spoons in Mary's bed as the tanner had claimed. She became suspicious however, the tanner had noted he had hidden the silver spoons days ago. The wife questioned why Mary had not been sleeping in her bed. The wife then assumed her husband had been unfaithful the past four months. The wife stayed in the bed and waited for the attorney, who called for Mary and laid in her bed, confirming the affair. The wife then put the silver spoons back into the bed, and when Mary went to sleep, she found them and hid them in her trunk. The wife later accused Mary of theft and called a constable, who wrongfully arrested her. With the affair exposed, the wife separated from the attorney and moved to a different home.
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1474:. 1721, p. 31. "...on the 22d Day of October, in the feventh Year of the Reign of our faid Sovereign Lord the King, that now is, upon the high Sea, in a certain Place, diftant about one League from Negril-Point, in the Island of Jamaica, in America, and within the Jurisdiction of this Court ; did piratically and felonioufly, go over to, John Rackam..."
1318:. 1721, p. 18. "Then the said Two Witnesses declared, That the Two Women, Prisoners at the Bar, were on Board Rackam's Sloop, at the Time that Spenlow's Scooner, and Dillon's Sloop, were taken by Rackam; That they were very active on Board, and willing to do any Thing; That Anne Bonny, one of the Prisoners at the Bar, handed Gun-powder to the Men..."
591:, London. The statues were created in part for the podcast series Hellcats, which centers on a lesbian relationship between Bonny and Read. The statues themselves are abstract depictions of Bonny and Read, claiming that one emotionally completed the other. It was originally planned for the statues to be permanently placed on
172:
be sure she is even Irish, her name is more
English: Anne, the third most common English given name of the era, and Bonny, an English surname common in Lancashire County. Bonny is not noted to have been a colonist of Nassau before 1713. Prior to 22 August 1720, little can be definitively said about Bonny's early life.
251:, taking along Anne and her mother Mary. At first, the attorney attempted to continue his law career, but eventually became a merchant instead. He proved quite successful as a merchant, earning enough money to buy a large plantation. At an undisclosed period of time, Mary died, Anne Bonny was now grown up.
373:
A victim of the pirates, Dorothy Thomas of
Jamaica, would describe in detail Bonny and Read's appearance during their trial: They "wore men's jackets, and long trousers, and handkerchiefs tied about their heads: and ... each of them had a machete and pistol in their hands and they cursed and swore at
232:
This theatrical misunderstanding began with a tanner Mary knew stealing three silver spoons and hiding them in her bed. Mary called a constable on the man, but they were not found. Upon the wife's return, the tanner told the her the entire story about stealing silver spoons, but confessed it was only
285:
in the summer of 1718, James Bonny became a minor officer for the governor after taking a pardon. Anne cared little for James and frequently cheated on him. James Bonny serving Woodes Rogers is highly unlikely, as no James Bonny is noted in
Captain Vincent Pearse's list of pirates who took the Kings
499:
would discuss Bonny at length, often with illustrations. An 1888 cigarette card would depict Bonny as a redhead, a trait that continues to this day despite no evidence supporting it. Swashbuckling cinema would often include a dashing redhaired woman or female pirate companion, occasionally directly
171:
Bonny's date and place of birth are unknown. Nothing definitive is known about her early life. No primary source including her own trial transcript makes mention of her age or nation of origin. No Anne Bonny born in the late 17th century has been found in the baptism records of
Ireland. We cannot
243:
Because everyone in town knew Mary had given birth to a bastard daughter, the attorney raised Anne as a boy, claiming she was the child of a friend. The attorney even hoped to raise Anne as a clerk. The attorney's wife soon found out who the child was, and cut off any allowance she had been giving
369:
claims Bonny eventually fell in love with another pirate on board, only to discover it was Mary Read. To abate the jealousy of
Rackham, who suspected romantic involvement between the two, Bonny told him that Read was a woman and swore him to secrecy. This is unlikely, since Rogers' proclamation
415:"You Mary Read, and Ann Bonny, alias Bonn, are to go from hence to the Place from whence you came, and from thence to the Place of Execution; where you, shall be severally hang'd by the Neck, till you are severally Dead. And GOD of His infinite Mercy be merciful to both of your souls."
236:
Mary became pregnant from the affair and gave birth to a daughter, Anne, while in prison. After Anne's birth, Mary was let go out of pity. The attorney's mother in law died not long after, leaving a major source of income to be an allowance his estranged wife gave him out of sympathy.
228:
The attorney's wife had become ill and was moved to her mother-in-law's home a few miles away to be cared for. Whilst his wife was away for four months, he began an affair with Mary. The attorney's wife discovered the affair following a comical mix up concerning silver spoons.
221:. She was the daughter of a servant woman named Mary, and her employer, an unnamed attorney. Later renditions of this story would refer to the attorney as William Cormac and the mother as Peg/Mary Brennan. These are fictional names first written down in the 1964 romance novel
893:. 1721, The trial transcript does not give an age, although she claims to be pregnant by the end of the trial. This could theoretically give an upper and lower age range between menarche and menopause, but proof of her pregnancy is not assured and thus cannot be trusted
162:
in
October 1720. Rackham, along with all the male crew members, was tried and sentenced to death, but Bonny and Read had their executions stayed due to both of them claiming to be pregnant. Read died in jail around mid April 1721, but Bonny's fate is unknown.
475:
Despite a career of only two months, Anne Bonny is among the most famous pirates in recorded history, primarily due to her gender. Within a decade, Bonny-inspired characters were already appearing. The first notable inspiration is Jenny Diver in
1626:
400:. Rackham and his crew briefly resisted, but surrendered soon after the fight began. They were taken to Jamaica where in groups, they were tried for the crime of piracy. Rackham was tried on 16 November and found guilty. His execution at
1367:
this
Intimacy so disturb'd Captain Rackam, who was the Lover and Gallant of Anne Bonny, that he grew furiously jealous, so that he told Anne Bonny, he would cut her new Lover's Throat, therefore, to quiet him, she let him into the Secret
1738:
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254:
Johnson claims that Bonny possessed a fierce temper, such as supposedly stabbing a maid to death with a knife. A claim he immediately finds groundless. He also says she once beat a man severely for attempting to sleep with her.
411:
on 28 November. Like
Rackham, the trial was short and the verdict inevitable. After calling three witnesses and a brief period of discussion, Governor Lawes found Bonny and Read guilty of piracy and pronounced the sentence.
135:, though the information presented by Johnson about her is considered dubious. According to Johnson, Bonny was born in Ireland the illegitimate daughter of an attorney and his servant. Bonny and her father would later move to
244:
him. The attorney in response ended the ruse and opened lived with Anne as his daughter, but this scandal damaged his reputation and few locals wished to work with him. The attorney was forced to move elsewhere.
605:
Ultimately, it is impossible to determine if Anne Bonny was Mary Read's lover. Neither woman left any primary sources behind, and sources such as the trial transcript make no mention of their personal lives.
258:
There is no documented example of an attorney becoming a plantation owner in the
Carolinas in the 17th and 18th century, not least of which one with a daughter named Anne Bonny and a history of violence.
442:
that: "She was continued in Prison, to the Time of her lying in, and afterward reprieved from Time to Time; but what is become of her since we cannot tell; only this we know, that she was not executed".
1616:
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likely granted them a stay of execution until they gave birth, but it is debatable if they were actually pregnant. Read died in prison of unknown causes around April 1721. A burial registry for
503:
By the 21st century, Bonny has appeared in hundreds of books, movies, stage shows, TV programs, and video games. Almost every female pirate character, is in some form, inspired by Anne Bonny.
1728:
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1932:
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lover of Mary Read. This was never stated in the trial transcript or newspapers, and only begins to appear after much of Bonny's legend was written, and by highly suspect sources.
506:
599:, but these plans were withdrawn after complaints of glamorizing piracy, and because Bonny and Read have no association with the island. The statues were eventually accepted by
1985:
446:
Claims of Bonny being freed by family intervention and moving to the
American colonies, dying around the 1780s, are unlikely and appear to originate from John Carlova's
2046:
2016:
2212:
Frohock, Richard (2018). "Beyond Bonny and Read: Blackbeard's Bride and Other Women in Caribbean Piracy Narratives". In Aljoe, N.N.; Carey, B.; Krise, T.W. (eds.).
362:
Proclamation issued by governor Rogers 5 September 1720 that mentions Anne Bonny as a member of Rackhams crew. She is specifically called Ann Fulford alias Bonny.
740:
Commonly cited dates include 1690, 1697, 1698, 1700, and 1702. All sources on date of birth were written centuries after Bonny's trial and cannot be corroborated.
262:
The attorney expected Bonny to marry a good man, instead she married a poor sailor. The attorney was so outraged he threw her out. In the original volume of
139:, where she married a sailor named James Bonny. Though Johnson's version of events has become generally accepted, there is little evidence to support them.
318:
claims it was romantic, while her own trial transcript says nothing on the matter. She was likely well acquainted with Rackham by the year 1720, after the
1673:
2308:
1697:
998:
1341:
809:
456:, which claimed Bonny lived until 1782. The claim rested on "family papers in the collection of descendants," which was later proven to be false.
2119:
1923:
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attacking merchant ships. Bonny took part in piracy alongside the men, handing out gunpowder to fellow pirates, a job usually referred to as a
370:
names both women openly. Later drawings of Bonny and Read would emphasise their femininity, although this too likely did not reflect reality.
383:
159:
183:
1977:
510:
Anne Bonny, Firing Upon the Crew, from the Pirates of the Spanish Main series (N19) for Allen & Ginter Cigarettes MET DP835030
2301:
1954:
550:
would again repeat the claim verbatim in 1813, but discussion of Bonny's sexuality would only really begin in the 20th century.
2603:
2244:
1273:
Canfield, Rob (2001). "Something's Mizzen: Anne Bonny, Mary Read, "Polly", and Female Counter-Roles on the Imperialist Stage".
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where she became acquainted with the pirate John Rackham. Bonny would join Rackham’s crew, alongside another female pirate,
2008:
1897:
1786:
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the men to murder her ." Thomas also recorded that she knew that they were women, "from the largeness of their breasts."
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209:
131:
46:
2245:""But of Their Own Free-Will and Consent": Anne Bonny, Mary Read, and the Women Pirates in the Early Modern Times"
467:
A burial register in Spanish Town, where Bonny was tried, lists the burial of an "Ann Bonny" on 29 December 1733.
2608:
2159:
1164:
572:
Susan Baker's 1972 article, "Anne Bonny & Mary Read: They Killed Pricks" published in a newspaper run by the
1494:
580:. This article would inspire writers such as Steve Gooch, which in turn would influence many media depictions.
290:
even confirms there was a James Bonny, making it possible he is one of Johnsons fictional creations, similar to
2593:
319:
2094:
1184:
731:
referred to her as Sarah Bonny, although this is likely a conflation with a similar named woman in Jamaica.
689:
118:. Amongst the few recorded female pirates in history, she has become one of the most recognised pirates of
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2464:
1114:
1097:
1080:
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534:. In the passage describing the trial of Bonny and Read, the book briefly says they were lovers. Since
2613:
1978:"Introducing Lewes FC, the world's only gender-equal football club, and the Australians who play there"
1338:
827:
806:
240:
How Johnson was aware of the theft of spoons and the exact nature of Anne's birth, is never revealed.
213:(a greatly unreliable series of pirate biographies). Johnson writes that Bonny was born in a town near
438:
There is no record of Bonny's release, and this has fed speculation as to her fate. Johnson writes in
355:, demanding the arrest of Rackham and his associates. Among those named are Anne Bonny and Mary Read.
632:
2524:
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154:
in August 1720. Rackham and his crew would carry out a number of attacks on merchant ships in the
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The attorney first moved to Cork, but this proved not far enough. The attorney then moved to the
204:
126:
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191:. Anne Bonny's name, alongside Mary Read's, is in notably larger font then other pirates like
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278:
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136:
119:
20:
1924:"Female pirate lovers whose story was ignored by male historians immortalised with statue"
8:
2534:
1617:"A 22-year-old YouTuber may have solved Anne Bonny pirate mystery 300 years after trial"
2454:
2449:
2429:
2359:
2217:
2191:"Enemies of All Mankind: Gender, Violence and the Queering of Anne Bonny and Mary Read"
1409:
1401:
1292:
1166:
A General History of the Robberies and Murders of the Most Notorious Pyrates, Volume II
620:
573:
419:
351:
281:, known as a sanctuary for pirates. Johnson claims that, after the arrival of Governor
218:
2389:
568:
The claim that Bonny and Read were lesbians largely entered popular understanding via
526:
The first written appearance of this claim is in an unauthorized 1725 reproduction of
2570:
2329:
2229:
2113:
1946:
1842:
1765:
1680:
1653:
1413:
1253:
1190:
554:
485:
1582:
452:. Such claims were later amplified by Tamara Eastman and Constance Bond's 2000 book
341:, then at anchor in Nassau harbor, and put out to sea. The crew spent months in the
2424:
2364:
2256:
2221:
2198:
1393:
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569:
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would be the only book to claim Bonny and Read were lovers for almost a century. A
349:. On 5 September 1720, Governor Rogers put out a proclamation later published in
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Since the mid 18th century, certain writers have claimed that Anne Bonny was the
423:
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274:
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393:
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On 22 October 1720, Rackham and his crew were attacked by a sloop captained by
291:
125:
Much of Bonny's background is unknown. The first biography of Bonny comes from
2261:
2587:
2574:
2544:
2419:
2414:
681:
481:
459:
346:
282:
1675:
A General History of the Robberies and Murders of the most notorious Pyrates
1116:
A General History of the Robberies and Murders of the Most Notorious Pyrates
1099:
A General History of the Robberies and Murders of the Most Notorious Pyrates
1082:
A General History of the Robberies and Murders of the Most Notorious Pyrates
1065:
A General History of the Robberies and Murders of the Most Notorious Pyrates
1048:
A General History of the Robberies and Murders of the Most Notorious Pyrates
1031:
A General History of the Robberies and Murders of the Most Notorious Pyrates
983:
A General History of the Robberies and Murders of the Most Notorious Pyrates
2549:
2519:
2514:
2494:
2489:
2439:
2349:
1812:
592:
463:
Burial record of an Ann Bonny in Saint Catherines Parish, 29 December 1733.
408:
196:
175:
2286:
1397:
929:
2459:
2404:
2369:
1729:"The true and false stories of Anne Bonny, pirate woman of the Caribbean"
1132:"The true and false stories of Anne Bonny, pirate woman of the Caribbean"
949:"The true and false stories of Anne Bonny, pirate woman of the Caribbean"
660:
628:
615:
489:
342:
311:
214:
155:
143:
115:
83:
2160:"Here's what the cast of 'Our Flag Means Death' looks like in real life"
2133:
1498:
1405:
751:
The Extraordinary Adventures and Daring Exploits of Captain Henry Morgan
337:, together with about a dozen other pirate crewmembers, stole the sloop
2509:
2504:
2384:
2344:
1865:
The History and Lives of All the Most Notorious Pirates and Their Crews
1381:
1296:
600:
532:
The History and Lives of All the Most Notorious Pirates and Their Crews
401:
325:
192:
39:
565:, it contains a mere one sentence claim that Mary Read was a lesbian.
2399:
334:
147:
1288:
1382:"The Pirate's Breasts: Criminal Women and the Meanings of the Body"
1200:
543:
477:
114:(disappeared after 28 November 1720) was a pirate who served under
872:
Women and English Piracy 1540-1720: Partners and Victims of Crime
693:
588:
520:
397:
302:
2317:
64:
19:"Anne Bonnie" redirects here. For the American comic book, see
2559:
753:, but appears to be a 34 page abridged plagiarized version of
553:
This claim would briefly appear again in 1914, via sexologist
2281:
1698:"Anne Bonny and Mary Read: Female Pirates and Maritime Women"
999:"Anne Bonny and Mary Read: Female Pirates and Maritime Women"
596:
270:
volume II released in 1728, the sailor is named James Bonny.
2039:"Production of The Women-Pirates Anne Bonney and Mary Read"
430:
lists her burial on 28 April 1721 as, "Mary Read, Pirate".
618:
portrays a character based on Anne Bonny in the 1951 film
672:
Bonny is a main character in the 2021 Netflix docuseries
624:, itself based on a 1947 article by Herbert Ravenel Sass.
1587:
ABO Interactive Journal of Women in the Arts, 1640-1840
495:
In the 19th century, literature such as Charles Ellms'
407:
Anne Bonny was tried for piracy alongside Mary Read in
314:. The nature of his relationship with her is unclear;
1541:"The Tryals Of Captain John Rackham and Other Pirates"
1514:"The Tryals Of Captain John Rackham and Other Pirates"
1468:"The Tryals Of Captain John Rackham and Other Pirates"
1441:"The Tryals Of Captain John Rackham and Other Pirates"
1312:"The Tryals Of Captain John Rackham and Other Pirates"
887:"The Tryals Of Captain John Rackham and Other Pirates"
845:"The Tryals Of Captain John Rackham and Other Pirates"
780:"The Tryals Of Captain John Rackham and Other Pirates"
273:
After being kicked out, Anne and James Bonny moved to
1610:
1608:
1379:
492:, her characterization in Polly is blatantly Bonny.
203:
All details concerning Bonny's early life stems from
2214:
Literary Histories of the Early Anglophone Caribbean
2013:
Depictions of John Rackam, Anne Bonny, and Mary Read
1947:"Burgh Island female pirates statue plans withdrawn"
1817:
Depictions of John Rackam, Anne Bonny, and Mary Read
583:
In 2020, a statue of Bonny and Read was unveiled at
538:
is itself unreliable, this claim cannot be trusted.
418:
With the judgement pronounced, Bonny and Read both "
1787:"The Women in Red: The Evolution of a Pirate Trope"
514:
484:. Despite already appearing in Gay's previous play
333:In August 1720, Bonny, Rackham, and another woman,
1922:
1605:
322:and two years into the reign of Governor Rogers.
122:as well as in the history of piracy in general.
2585:
1898:"Anne Bonny & Mary Read: They Killed Pricks"
915:Names and Naming Patterns in England, 1538-1700
911:
1839:Treasure Neverland: Real and Imaginary Pirates
1583:"The Quick and the Dead (and the Transported)"
1250:She Captains: Heroines and Hellions of the Sea
2302:
2095:"Black Sails Season 3: Clara Paget Interview"
1841:. Oxford University Press. pp. 241–269.
404:was carried out two days later on the 18th.
2009:"Anne of the Indies by Herbert Ravenel Sass"
1570:. San Diego: Harcourt Brace. pp. 23–24.
1565:
918:. Oxford University Press. pp. 196–201.
646:Bonny prominently appears in the video game
454:The Pirate Trial of Anne Bonny and Mary Read
2316:
2118:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
637:The Women-Pirates Anne Bonney and Mary Read
377:
142:At an unknown date, Bonny travelled to the
2309:
2295:
2249:Armstrong Undergraduate Journal of History
2157:
1878:
1647:
1178:
1176:
719:Some contemporary sources refer to her as
678:, where she is portrayed by Mia Tomlinson.
297:
38:
2260:
2202:
310:While in Nassau, Bonny at some point met
58:Unknown; last recorded appearance in 1720
2158:Adekaiyero, Ayomikun (26 October 2023).
2006:
1762:British Pirates in Print and Performance
1726:
1614:
1272:
1224:"Vincent Pearse to Admiralty—3 Jun 1718"
1189:. Harcourt, Inc. pp. 139, 316–318.
1129:
946:
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357:
324:
301:
182:
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2211:
1358:
1182:
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1061:
1044:
1027:
979:
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1836:
1759:
1695:
1580:
1247:
996:
727:A few contemporary newspapers such as
2290:
2188:
1975:
1895:
1861:
1741:from the original on 11 November 2020
1629:from the original on 28 November 2020
1581:Powell, Manushag (12 December 2023).
1144:from the original on 11 November 2020
961:from the original on 11 November 2020
609:
384:Capture of John "Calico Jack" Rackham
158:until they were captured following a
1988:from the original on 14 October 2023
1957:from the original on 14 October 2023
1810:
1708:from the original on 14 October 2023
1566:Yolen, Jane; Shannon, David (1995).
1373:
1009:from the original on 14 October 2023
838:
836:
488:, and being based on the historical
286:Pardon. No documentation outside of
266:, the sailor husband is unnamed. In
2049:from the original on 6 October 2023
1764:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 128.
1727:Bartelme, Tony (21 November 2018).
1615:Bartleme, Tony (28 November 2020).
1538:
1511:
1465:
1438:
1420:from the original on 4 January 2022
1309:
1130:Bartelme, Tony (21 November 2018).
947:Bartelme, Tony (21 November 2018).
884:
842:
777:
13:
2182:
1882:The Homosexuality of Men and Women
1784:
1760:Powell, Manushag (17 March 2015).
1492:
1365:. London: T. Warner. p. 162.
1336:The Boston Gazette 1720 October 17
1252:. New York: Simon & Schuster.
1221:
804:The Boston Gazette 1720 October 17
559:The Homosexuality of Men and Women
14:
2625:
2270:
2092:
2019:from the original on 3 March 2021
2007:Molenaar, Jillian (7 July 2019).
1976:Lewis, Samantha (18 March 2023).
1652:. The History Press. p. 72.
1650:Forgotten Tales of South Carolina
1163:Johnson, Captain Charles (1728).
1113:Johnson, Captain Charles (1724).
1096:Johnson, Captain Charles (1724).
1079:Johnson, Captain Charles (1724).
1062:Johnson, Captain Charles (1724).
1045:Johnson, Captain Charles (1724).
1028:Johnson, Captain Charles (1724).
980:Johnson, Captain Charles (1724).
833:
2569:
2558:
1953:. 30 March 2021. 30 March 2021.
1935:from the original on 7 May 2022.
1679:, , retrieved 21 September 2017
1362:A General History of the Pyrates
874:. Martlesham: The Boydell Press.
515:Speculation of Bonny's Sexuality
210:A General History of the Pyrates
189:A General History of the Pyrates
178:A General History of the Pyrates
132:A General History of the Pyrates
47:A General History of the Pyrates
2195:Australian Feminist Law Journal
2151:
2126:
2093:Topel, Fred (29 January 2013).
2086:
2061:
2031:
2000:
1969:
1939:
1915:
1889:
1872:
1855:
1830:
1804:
1778:
1753:
1720:
1689:
1666:
1641:
1574:
1568:The Ballad of the Pirate Queens
1559:
1532:
1505:
1486:
1459:
1432:
1352:
1330:
1303:
1266:
1241:
1215:
1156:
1123:
1106:
1089:
1072:
1055:
1038:
1021:
990:
973:
940:
922:
912:Smith-Bannister, Scott (1997).
743:
684:portrayed Bonny in the episode
649:Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag
2282:Encyclopædia Britannica Online
905:
878:
863:
819:
798:
771:
734:
713:
1:
2604:Female-to-male cross-dressers
2204:10.1080/13200968.2024.2310315
1837:Rennie, Neil (26 July 2016).
1791:Swordplay & Swashbucklers
934:The Internet Surname Database
825:The Post-Boy 1721 September 2
764:
320:War of the Quadruple Alliance
166:
150:, and helped steal the sloop
44:1724 engraving of Bonny from
1896:Baker, Susan (August 1972).
1702:Colonies, Ships, and Pirates
1696:Fictum, David (8 May 2016).
1648:Carmichael, Sherman (2011).
1495:"Anne Bonny The Last Pirate"
1003:Colonies, Ships, and Pirates
997:Fictum, David (8 May 2016).
7:
2465:Rahmah ibn Jabir Al Jalhami
2226:10.1007/978-3-319-71592-6_7
1879:Hirschfeld, Magnus (1914).
10:
2630:
1380:O'Driscoll, Sally (2012).
381:
312:John "Calico Jack" Rackham
306:John "Calico Jack" Rackham
116:John “Calico Jack” Rackham
18:
16:18th-century female pirate
2567:
2556:
2325:
2262:10.20429/aujh.2016.060102
2216:. New Caribbean Studies.
1672:Captain Charles Johnson,
1359:Johnson, Charles (1724).
1344:25 September 2023 at the
812:25 September 2023 at the
470:
105:
97:
89:
79:
71:
62:
54:
37:
30:
706:
392:under a commission from
378:Capture and imprisonment
176:Early life according to
2243:Schulte, Ryann (2016).
1186:The Republic of Pirates
1183:Woodard, Colin (2007).
675:The Lost Pirate Kingdom
663:in the Starz TV Series
659:Bonny was portrayed by
639:by Steve Gooch, at the
627:Bonny was portrayed by
433:
422:", asking for mercy, a
298:John Rackham and Piracy
205:Captain Charles Johnson
127:Captain Charles Johnson
2609:British female pirates
2375:Jose Campuzano-Polanco
1862:Defoe, Daniel (1725).
1386:The Eighteenth Century
1339:The Documentary Record
870:Appleby, John (2015).
828:The Documentary Record
807:The Documentary Record
511:
464:
428:Saint Catherine Parish
363:
330:
307:
200:
160:brief naval engagement
2445:Moses Cohen Henriques
2189:Evans, Tegan (2024).
1398:10.1353/ecy.2012.0024
1276:South Atlantic Review
1248:Druett, Joan (2000).
578:The Furies Collective
509:
462:
420:pleaded their bellies
361:
328:
305:
279:New Providence Island
186:
93:August – October 1720
2594:18th-century pirates
2220:. pp. 125–145.
1931:. 18 November 2020.
1734:The Post and Courier
1622:The Post and Courier
1137:The Post and Courier
954:The Post and Courier
749:The book was titled
699:Our Flag Means Death
449:Mistress of the Seas
249:Province of Carolina
223:Mistress of the Seas
21:Anne Bonnie (comics)
2535:Bartholomew Roberts
2525:François l'Olonnais
2164:businessinsider.com
1811:Molenaar, Jillian.
2599:18th-century women
2455:Benjamin Hornigold
2450:Nicholas van Hoorn
2430:Michel de Grammont
2360:Hippolyte Bouchard
2218:Palgrave Macmillan
2166:. Business Insider
1785:Little, Benerson.
1428:– via JSTOR.
1119:. p. 171-172.
1068:. p. 170-171.
1051:. p. 169-170.
1034:. p. 166-179.
621:Anne of the Indies
610:In popular culture
574:lesbian separatist
512:
465:
364:
352:The Boston Gazette
331:
308:
219:Kingdom of Ireland
201:
98:Base of operations
2614:Maritime folklore
2581:
2580:
2330:Louis-Michel Aury
2235:978-3-319-71591-9
1984:. 18 March 2023.
1685:978-1-60949-232-8
1659:978-1-60949-232-8
1545:Internet Archives
1539:Baldwin, Robert.
1518:Internet Archives
1512:Baldwin, Robert.
1472:Internet Archives
1466:Baldwin, Robert.
1445:Internet Archives
1439:Baldwin, Robert.
1316:Internet Archives
1310:Baldwin, Robert.
1203:on 4 January 2020
1196:978-0-15-603462-3
891:Internet Archives
885:Baldwin, Robert.
849:Internet Archives
843:Baldwin, Robert.
784:Internet Archives
778:Baldwin, Robert.
755:History and Lives
563:History and Lives
555:Magnus Hirschfeld
548:History and Lives
540:History and Lives
536:A General History
528:A General History
486:The Beggars Opera
440:A General History
367:A General History
316:A General History
288:A General History
268:A General History
264:A General History
109:
108:
2621:
2573:
2562:
2485:Jørgen Jørgensen
2425:Laurens de Graaf
2365:Roche Braziliano
2311:
2304:
2297:
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2287:
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2004:
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1556:
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1552:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1497:. Archived from
1490:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1463:
1457:
1456:
1454:
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1436:
1430:
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1236:
1234:
1228:Baylus C. Brooks
1222:Brooks, Baylus.
1219:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1199:. Archived from
1180:
1171:
1170:
1160:
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1127:
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1120:
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758:
747:
741:
738:
732:
717:
570:radical feminist
497:Pirates Own Book
65:Piratical career
42:
28:
27:
2629:
2628:
2624:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2584:
2583:
2582:
2577:
2563:
2554:
2530:Lawrence Prince
2395:William Dampier
2390:Roberto Cofresi
2321:
2320:since the 1660s
2315:
2273:
2236:
2185:
2183:Further reading
2180:
2179:
2169:
2167:
2156:
2152:
2142:
2140:
2134:"Mia Tomlinson"
2132:
2131:
2127:
2111:
2110:
2103:
2101:
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2087:
2077:
2075:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2052:
2050:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2022:
2020:
2015:. 6 July 2019.
2005:
2001:
1991:
1989:
1974:
1970:
1960:
1958:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1929:The Independent
1921:
1920:
1916:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1894:
1890:
1877:
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1849:
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1548:
1537:
1533:
1523:
1521:
1510:
1506:
1501:on 22 May 2019.
1493:Zettle, LuAnn.
1491:
1487:
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1464:
1460:
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1448:
1437:
1433:
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1378:
1374:
1357:
1353:
1346:Wayback Machine
1335:
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1289:10.2307/3201868
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814:Wayback Machine
803:
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735:
718:
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641:Aldwych Theatre
612:
517:
500:naming Bonny.
473:
436:
424:jury of matrons
390:Jonathan Barnet
386:
380:
300:
187:Front cover of
181:
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2540:Benito de Soto
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2507:
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2500:Pierre Lafitte
2497:
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2470:Henry Jennings
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2410:Vincenzo Gambi
2407:
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2380:Cheung Po Tsai
2377:
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2340:Samuel Bellamy
2337:
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2326:
2323:
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2272:
2271:External links
2269:
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2085:
2069:"Sarah Greene"
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1999:
1968:
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1888:
1885:. p. 284.
1871:
1854:
1848:978-0198728061
1847:
1829:
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1777:
1771:978-1137339911
1770:
1752:
1719:
1704:. 8 May 2016.
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1392:(3): 357–379.
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1172:
1169:. p. 200.
1155:
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1102:. p. 171.
1088:
1085:. p. 171.
1071:
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1005:. 8 May 2016.
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986:. p. 165.
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576:organization,
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394:Nicholas Lawes
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1868:. p. 55.
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2520:Henry Morgan
2515:Samuel Mason
2495:Jean Lafitte
2490:William Kidd
2475:Bill Johnson
2440:Israel Hands
2354:
2350:Stede Bonnet
2335:Joseph Baker
2255:(1): 13–28.
2252:
2248:
2213:
2194:
2168:. Retrieved
2163:
2153:
2141:. Retrieved
2137:
2128:
2102:. Retrieved
2099:Den of Geeks
2098:
2088:
2076:. Retrieved
2072:
2063:
2053:12 September
2051:. Retrieved
2043:Theatricalia
2042:
2033:
2021:. Retrieved
2012:
2002:
1990:. Retrieved
1981:
1971:
1959:. Retrieved
1950:
1941:
1928:
1917:
1905:. Retrieved
1903:. The Furies
1891:
1881:
1874:
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1838:
1832:
1820:. Retrieved
1816:
1806:
1794:. Retrieved
1790:
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1743:. Retrieved
1732:
1722:
1710:. Retrieved
1701:
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1643:
1631:. Retrieved
1620:
1595:. Retrieved
1590:
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