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people were urged to continue their petitioning efforts to federal and local states. Last year's resolution which dictated that abolitionists would only use products that had been created through free labour and would do their best to avoid the use of slave labor created products was also maintained and expanded upon. The women of the convention believed that using products created through the exploitation of slaves maintained the system of slavery and was a sin against God. However, there was some opposition to this resolution because not everyone believed that using only using free produce was realistic and others argued that they might not be notable difference enough in the conditions of paid labor workers and slaves that warranted the resolution to be enacted. Another important resolution reached during this convention was that abolitionists would work to improve the lot of free blacks by providing education and instruction. They would also work to provide free blacks the necessary skills to succeed at their trades.
284:. An important resolution that was reached during this first convention was that women would use their Christian values and morality to fight for anti-slavery. It was framed as a duty to undertake as a Christian and women were encouraged to use their voice, money, and status to achieve the group's goals. The final resolution passed at the convention was an agreement among the women that unity and cooperation was crucial to their efforts. Some of the topics that were scheduled to be brought up at the convention included: an appeal to the women of nominally free states, an address to free colored Americans, a letter to the women of Great Britain, a circular to female antislavery societies in the United States, a letter to juvenile antislavery societies in the United States, and a letter to congressman, John Quincy Adams. Committees of three were appointed to the topics in order to prepare them. Several were published by the convention.
260:, requesting that they send African-American delegates. Ultimately, only five black women attended the convention. The limited attendance is explained partly by the relatively low number of African-American women that were enrolled in anti-slavery groups at this time. The reason that a relatively low number of black American women were present is because most did not have access to wealth or resources that would have provided them the ability to focus on the conventions goals. In general, the convention was dominated by wealthier and more privileged women. It is estimated that black women never constituted more than 10% of the membership of any integrated anti-slavery groups. (Some anti-slavery groups had only white members.) Additionally, many black women simply did not have the economic resources needed to travel to New York, a journey and experience fraught with discrimination and exclusion. For example,
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resolutions. One of the most significant campaigns that the group undertook was petitioning to
Congress to end slavery. The committee also decided to withdraw church support if the churches were pro-slavery and to petition them to adopt anti-slavery principles. Finally, they expanded upon their philosophy of nonresistance which was steeped in religion. A committee was organized to formally publish the goals of the group.
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increased interactions between black and white women. Lastly, the close of the convention was marked with an increase in women's antislavery petitions, which more than doubled in number in 1837. These petitions were significant in the antislavery movement, as door-to-door campaigns brought the antislavery agenda to thousands of individuals that might have not been exposed to this information otherwise.
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also debated whether attendees of the convention should be recorded with the designation of Miss or Mrs. Also discussed was the potential formation of general executive committee for the women's movement. This resolution failed, as some attendees believed that a female-headed committee would segregate men from their efforts and limit any potential merger with the male-dominated
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miscegenation that occurred. There was also an anxiety among racist white people that abolitionists would encourage black people to find employment which would increase competition for jobs. These economic and social anxieties culminated in the burning of
Pennsylvania Hall by a mob during the 1838 convention.
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The third Anti-Slavery
Convention of American Women took place at the Hall of Pennsylvania Writing School on Wednesday May 1, 1839. There were 102 delegates and 68 members in attendance. At this point in time people in Pennsylvania were becoming increasing open to abolitionism. During the convention,
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was held in New York City on May 9–12, 1837. One hundred and seventy-five women, from ten different states and representing twenty female antislavery groups, gathered to discuss their role in the
American abolition movement. During this convention, the attendees elected officers, adopted resolutions
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During the convention, these women discussed a variety of issues and voted on numerous resolutions, not limited to the role of women within the anti-slavery movement. For example, one resolution discussed whether evangelical and missionary associations should accept money from slave owners. Women
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Even though the members of the convention were able to successfully devise up multiple resolutions regarding their anti-slavery activism, they still faced fierce public opposition. Mobs of people were deeply upset about the objection of the convention and particularly opposed the racial mixing or
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The convention had lasting effects of women's antislavery organizations for a variety of reasons. First, it provided a means for women from different states and backgrounds to meet in person and fostered a strong sense of community within the movement. Additionally, the convention promoted
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Although public opinion was steadily becoming more in support of abolitionism there were still many people who fiercely despised it and wanted to stop the progress of the convention. Therefore, similar to last year there were mobs that threatened violence against the people who attended the
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was held in New York City on May 9–12, 1837, to discuss the
American abolition movement. This gathering represented the first time that women from such a broad geographic area met with the common purpose of promoting the anti-slavery cause among women, and it also was likely the first major
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on
Tuesday May 15, 1838. There were 203 delegates and 73 corresponding members. Similar to the previous year, Mary S. Parker of Boston was chosen as president. Despite growing opposition to the objective of the group from the general public, the convention still decided to meet and create
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has described the Anti-Slavery
Convention of American Women as the first convention at which women discussed women's rights, in this case focusing on the rights of African-American women. It was not until 1848 that the first convention devoted to women's rights in general, the
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about their goals, and committed to the abolitionist cause. They "organized committees that created documents such as an address to free Black people, communications to other female anti-slavery societies that weren't present, and appeals to all
American women."
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Convention records indicate that attendees were from the following states: New
Hampshire (2), Massachusetts (26), Rhode Island (5), New York (109), New Jersey (1), Pennsylvania (25), Maine (1), Connecticut (2), Ohio (2), and South Carolina (2).
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concerning a women's anti-slavery committee that is credited with the idea of this convention. Grew argued for the importance of an executive committee that would help organize and streamline the efforts of female-anti-slavery organizations.
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played an important role in ensuring that Black women were invited and attended the event. However, at this first convention, only five Black women attended, since many did not have the financial resources to make the trip there.
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were chosen as secretaries. Participation in the convention was not limited to liberal feminist women, women who were more conservative and believed in restricting how women operated in the organization were also present.
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in London in 1840. When they arrived they were told that women were not expected and they were not allowed to speak or sit with the men; their seating was separated. Garrison and other
American men sat with the women.
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interest women in the subject of anti-slavery, and establish a system of operations throughout every town and village in the free States, that would exert a powerful influence in the abolition of American
264:, a black attendee from Boston, traveled with white attendees from her society. She was often forced to eat meals separately from her party and was required to stay in a segregated boarding house.
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convention. The members decided against having police protection because they considered it to be contrary to their policy of nonresistance and police often times shared the opinions of the mob.
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857:"An Address to Free Colored Americans. Issued by an Anti-Slavery Convention of American Women Held in the City of New York, by Adjournment from 9th to 12th May, 1837"
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This gathering represented the first time that women from such a broad geographic area met with the common purpose of promoting the anti-slavery cause among women.
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An Address to Free Colored Americans. Issued by an Anti-Slavery Convention of American Women Held in the City of New York, by Adjournment from 9th to 12th May, 1837
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The Grimké Sisters considered the attendance of Black women at the convention to be crucial for the success of their cause. Sarah Grimké wrote to the
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This was the first of three annual convention of American female abolitionists. The next convention was notable in that it ended with
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was the President of the gathering. Other prominent women went on to be vocal members of the
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being burnt down by protesters. Several of the women at this convention, such as
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The Abolitionist Sisterhood: Women's Political Culture in Antebellum America
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Sister societies: Women's Antislavery Organizations in Antebellum America
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In June 1848, the rights of women were also discussed at the National
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The second Anti-Slavery Convention of American Women took place at
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Lifting as we climb : Black women's battle for the ballot box
822:, University of Pennsylvania Press, pp. 60–74, 2011-12-31,
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Works by or about Anti-Slavery Convention of American Women
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was elected president. Parker had six vice-presidents:
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612:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
305:abolition's grand new hall in Philadelphia
258:Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Societies
951:African-American history in New York City
778:, Yale University Press, pp. 70–95,
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72:Anti-Slavery Convention of American Women
58:Learn how and when to remove this message
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